WO2017175809A1 - 複合材の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017175809A1 WO2017175809A1 PCT/JP2017/014293 JP2017014293W WO2017175809A1 WO 2017175809 A1 WO2017175809 A1 WO 2017175809A1 JP 2017014293 W JP2017014293 W JP 2017014293W WO 2017175809 A1 WO2017175809 A1 WO 2017175809A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcing fiber
- fiber base
- sheet
- mesh sheet
- composite material
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/546—Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure
- B29C70/548—Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure using distribution constructions, e.g. channels incorporated in or associated with the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29C70/443—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2913/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as mould materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0072—Roughness, e.g. anti-slip
- B29K2995/0073—Roughness, e.g. anti-slip smooth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite material, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a large composite material such as an aircraft part.
- Fiber Reinforced Plastics are lightweight and excellent in mechanical strength, and are therefore used in structural members such as aircraft, windmill blades, automobiles, ships, and railway vehicles.
- a vacuum assisted resin injection molding method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the VaRTM method a plurality of reinforcing fiber bases are laminated and placed on a mold, and the reinforcing fiber base is covered with a path medium which is a mesh sheet for resin diffusion to increase the resin impregnation efficiency.
- the material and pass media are covered with a bag film as a covering material.
- the resin composition is inject
- the VaRTM method is widely used as a method for producing a large composite material such as an aircraft part because it does not require large-scale equipment such as an autoclave used in an autoclave molding method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of manufacturing a composite product using the VaRTM method, in which a reinforcing fiber is encapsulated in a bag film enclosing a reinforcing fiber substrate. There has been proposed a method of manufacturing a composite material that can improve work efficiency and quality by using a silicon bag in which is disposed.
- composite materials for aircraft are required to have good, that is, smooth, surface properties.
- the reinforcing fiber substrate is made of a woven fabric of reinforcing fibers and there are valleys and mountains in the part with and without the fibers, when the impregnated resin composition is cured as it is in the resin impregnation process, The mountain remains uneven. This unevenness occurs on the surface facing the bag film, but the surface facing the bag film of the reinforcing fiber base is covered with a sheet material such as a film or net having an appropriate rigidity, and the sheet material and the reinforcing fiber base This can be eliminated by filling the gap with the resin composition.
- the present invention has an object to provide a method for manufacturing a composite material in which even when a highly rigid sheet material is used, the sheet material can be easily bent at the corners.
- the method for producing a composite material of the present invention includes an arranging step of placing a mesh sheet through which a resin composition permeates on a reinforcing fiber substrate arranged on a mold, and a reinforcing fiber base arranged on the mold. Covering the material and the net-like sheet with a bag film, forming a sealed molding space between the bag film and the mold, and injecting the resin composition into the molding space to impregnate the reinforcing fiber base -It is provided with an impregnation step and a resin curing step for curing the resin composition impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base material, and the mesh sheet has a plurality of warp yarns and wefts arranged in a lattice pattern.
- the mesh sheet is placed on the reinforcing fiber base so that the warp and the weft form an acute angle with respect to the corner of the reinforcing fiber base, and then the net sheet protruding from the reinforcing fiber base is folded. To do.
- the acute angle formed by the warps and wefts of the mesh sheet and the corners of the reinforcing fiber substrate is 40 to 50 degrees.
- the mesh sheet has a quadrangular shape in plan view, and the warp and the weft form an acute angle with respect to the peripheral edge defining the quadrangle. It is preferable that the mesh sheet protruding from the reinforcing fiber substrate is folded after being placed on the reinforcing fiber substrate so that the periphery of the mesh sheet and the corners of the reinforcing fiber substrate are parallel to each other.
- the mesh sheet has a quadrangular shape in plan view, and the warp and the weft are orthogonal to the peripheral edge defining the quadrangle. It is preferable to place the net-like sheet projecting from the reinforcing fiber base material after folding it on the reinforcing fiber base so as to form an acute angle with the periphery of the net-like sheet and the corner of the reinforcing fiber base.
- a vacuum suction step for evacuating the molding space is included, and the injection / impregnation step is performed inside the vacuumed molding space.
- FIG. 1 is sectional drawing which shows to a coating process in the shaping
- (b) is sectional drawing which shows to a resin hardening process
- (c) is shape
- FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which mounted the bag surface smooth sheet on the reinforced fiber base material.
- (A) is a top view which shows the bag surface smooth sheet in which warp and weft make an acute angle with respect to a side
- (b) is a top view which shows the bag surface smooth sheet in which warp and weft are orthogonal to a side It is. It is a figure which expands and shows a part of warp and the weft in Fig.3 (a).
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2. The hit strength when the bag surface smooth sheet is bent at the corner of the reinforcing fiber base is shown, (a) is a view showing the present embodiment, and (b) is a view showing a comparative example.
- a laminate 110 composed of a plurality of reinforcing fiber bases 2 and a matrix resin 120 formed by curing a resin composition C impregnated in the laminate 110.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the composite material 100. Note that this embodiment relates to an example in which the VaRTM method is applied to the present invention.
- the expression “resin composition” is used to identify a state that has not yet been cured, and is distinguished from “resin” that has already been cured. It is.
- FIG. 2 a predetermined number of rectangular sheet-like reinforcing fiber base materials 2 are stacked on a mold 1.
- the laminated body 110 on which the reinforcing fiber base material 2 is laminated has a rectangular parallelepiped appearance.
- the upper surface and the four side surfaces of the stacked body 110 are connected to each other through corner portions 111.
- the peel ply 3 release sheet
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is disposed on the peel ply 3.
- the pass media 5 is disposed on the bag surface smooth sheet 4.
- Both the bag surface smooth sheet 4 and the pass media 5 are reticulated sheet materials through which the resin composition C permeates, but the bag surface smooth sheet 4 mainly smooths the surface of the composite material 100 facing the bag film 6.
- the main purpose of the pass media 5 is to allow the resin composition C to uniformly and rapidly penetrate into the laminate 110.
- the mold 1 is made of an iron-based metal material, for example, structural steel such as JIS SS400, stainless steel such as JIS SUS304, and an Invar alloy having a typical composition of 36% by mass Ni—Fe.
- structural steel such as JIS SS400
- stainless steel such as JIS SUS304
- an Invar alloy having a typical composition of 36% by mass Ni—Fe.
- molding die 1 is arbitrary, A gypsum, a fiber reinforced plastic, etc. can be used.
- the mold 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a flat surface on which the reinforcing fiber base 2 is placed, but the shape is specified according to the shape of the composite material 100 to be manufactured.
- the reinforcing fiber base 2 is made of any known fiber such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, or the like.
- the peel ply 3 is provided in order to peel the bag surface smooth sheet 4 and the pass media 5 and bag film 6 that are higher than the bag surface from the molded composite material 100 shown in FIG.
- the peel ply 3 is made of a woven fabric made of a chemical fiber that is permeable to a resin composition C injected into a molding space S to be described later and has releasability.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is provided with appropriate rigidity on the premise that the resin composition C injected from the injection port 8 permeates, and has smoothness that smoothes the surface of the composite material 100 facing the bag film 6.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is formed of a net-like sheet on which a plurality of meshes 46 penetrating the front and back are formed.
- the injected resin composition C is impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base 2 through the mesh 46 of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 (see FIG. 1B). Since the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has smoothness, the opening size (mesh) of the mesh 46 is set smaller than that of the pass media 5.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has a quadrangular shape in plan view, but in the present embodiment, it is considered that the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is disposed on the rectangular parallelepiped laminated body 110. As shown in FIG. 2, it has a main body 41 placed on the upper surface of the laminate 110 and four bent portions 42 protruding from each of four peripheral edges 45 defining the main body 41. In FIG. 2, the peel ply 3 is not shown for easy understanding.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is placed on the laminate 110, and then folded by bending the respective bent portions 42 corresponding to the corners 111 of the laminate 110 downward from the boundary portion (periphery 45) with the main body 41.
- the part 42 is brought into contact with the side surface of the laminate 110.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is provided with warps 43 and wefts 44 in a lattice pattern on the surface.
- the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 are means for imparting rigidity to the bag surface smooth sheet 4.
- the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 are strength imparting materials added to the bag surface smooth sheet 4.
- each warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 are aligned in parallel.
- the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 intersect each other, and here, an example is shown in which they are arranged orthogonally in a lattice pattern.
- each warp yarn 43 is arranged such that an angle ⁇ 1 with the peripheral edge 45 of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 forms an acute angle
- each weft 44 also has an angle ⁇ 2 with the peripheral edge 45 in the same manner as the warp yarn 43. It arrange
- an example is shown in which the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 match at 45 degrees.
- the other is also an acute angle.
- the acute angle means that both the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 are acute angles. The same applies to the case where an acute angle is pointed to either the angle ⁇ 1 or the angle ⁇ 2 in this specification.
- the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are preferably 40 degrees to 50 degrees. As shown in FIG. 5, when the angle ⁇ 1 is in the range of 40 degrees to 50 degrees (the angle ⁇ 2 is 50 degrees to 40 degrees), the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has both the X direction and the Y direction shown in FIG. Furthermore, it has a desired stretchability. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6, when the bent portion 42 is bent downward, the portion in contact with the corner portion 111 is appropriately stretched to prevent the laminate 110 from hitting the laminated body 110 with non-uniform strength. The part 42 can be bent uniformly.
- angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 are 45 degrees, they extend substantially uniformly in the X direction and the Y direction, so that the bending portion 42 can be more easily formed without considering the difference in stretchability between the X direction and the Y direction. Can be folded.
- the warp yarn 43 and the weft 44 have the above-described configuration, so that the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is arranged so that the peripheral edge 45 substantially coincides with the corner portion 111 as shown in FIG. If it does so, when making the bending part 42 contact
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is placed on the laminate 110 with the peripheral edge 45 coinciding with the corner 111, and the bent portion 42 faces downward so as to contact the side surface of the laminate 110.
- the portion of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 corresponding to the corner portion 111 does not hit the corner portion 111 strongly.
- the strength of hitting the area corresponding to the corner 111 when the bent portion 42 was bent according to the present embodiment was measured.
- the bent portion corresponding to the corner 111 along the peripheral edge 45 hits with substantially the same strength.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 70 in which the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 are orthogonal to the peripheral edge 75 shown in FIG. 3B is placed on the composite material 100 and bent so that the peripheral edge 75 is parallel to the corner portion 111, FIG. As shown in b), strong and weak positions appear.
- the material of the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 is not limited as long as the desired rigidity can be imparted to the bag surface smooth sheet 4.
- the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 can be made of any known fiber resin such as polyester resin.
- the warp yarns 43 and the weft yarns 44 are alternately located one above and the other below. That is, the warp yarns 43, 43... And the weft yarns 44, 44.
- the interval A between the adjacent warp threads 43 is about twice the thickness D. The same applies to the weft 44.
- the pass media 5 placed on the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is a net-like sheet similar to the bag surface smooth sheet 4, but the resin composition C injected from the injection port 8 uniformly penetrates into the laminate 110. It is provided to facilitate this (see FIG. 1 (b)).
- the pass media 5 has the same planar shape as the bag surface smooth sheet 4 but does not have a rigidity-imparting material. Therefore, the rigidity is lower than that of the bag surface smooth sheet 4. Since the pass media 5 aims to promote the uniform penetration of the resin composition C, the pass media 5 may be less rigid than the bag surface smooth sheet 4.
- the pass media 5 is formed with a plurality of meshes penetrating the front and back surfaces, like the bag surface smooth sheet 4, but has a larger mesh opening size and a higher porosity than the bag surface smooth sheet 4. .
- the pass media used in the VaRTM method have higher resin diffusibility as the porosity is higher.
- the resin composition C that has flowed in through the mesh of the pass media diffuses using the space between the laminate 110 as a flow path and is impregnated in the laminate 110.
- the reinforcing fiber base material 2, the peel ply 3, the bag surface smooth sheet 4, and the pass media 5 installed in the mold 1 as described above are covered with a bag film 6.
- a sealed molding space S is formed between the bag film 6 and the mold 1.
- the reinforcing fiber base 2, the peel ply 3, the bag surface smooth sheet 4, and the pass media 5 are disposed in the molding space S.
- the bag film 6 includes a suction port 7 and an injection port 8. As shown in FIG. 1B, the suction port 7 is connected to a vacuum pump 9, and the liquid resin composition C is stored in the injection port 8. Connected to the storage tank 10.
- the vacuum pump 9 After forming the molding space S between the bag film 6 and the mold 1, as shown in FIG. 1B, the vacuum pump 9 is driven and sucked from the suction port 7 to depressurize the molding space S (vacuum) pull).
- the reinforcing fiber base material 2 disposed inside the molding space S has a molding load consisting of a differential pressure between the pressure in the molding space S and the atmospheric pressure outside the bag film 6. Acts through 5. Therefore, the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is pressed toward the laminated body 110 through the peel ply 3.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has a high rigidity by a rigidity imparting material. Therefore, in the resin impregnation step to be described later, it is possible to prevent the formation of irregularities on the surface of the composite material 100 that is generated when the resin composition C freely flows.
- the resin composition C may be, for example, a thermosetting resin that is cured by heating, such as unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, phenol resin, or nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, polychlorinated resin. It may be a thermoplastic resin represented by vinyl, polybutylene terephthalate, or the like.
- a pass medium 5 having a higher porosity than the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is disposed on the bag surface smooth sheet 4. Therefore, the impregnation amount of the resin composition C is substantially equal over the entire surface of the pass media 5. Thereby, even if the mesh 46 of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has a smaller opening size than the mesh of the pass media 5 and the diffusion efficiency is lower than that of the pass media 5, the resin composition C is evenly distributed to the laminate 110. Diffusion can be secured.
- the composite due to the coarse mesh of the pass media 5 to improve the diffusion rate of the resin composition C. Formation of irregularities on the surface of the material 100 can be prevented.
- the impregnated resin composition C is cured.
- the resin composition C is a thermosetting resin
- the molding space S is cured by heating. In order to heat the resin composition C, any heating device can be used.
- the resin composition C is a thermoplastic resin
- the molten resin is cooled and cured. In the curing step of the resin composition C, it is preferable to maintain the molding space S at a reduced pressure.
- the composite material 100 has a matrix resin 120 and a laminate 110 as shown in FIG.
- the reinforcing fibers are included in a predetermined range in the matrix resin 120 as described below. That is, if the amount of reinforcing fiber contained in the composite material 100 is small, the strength of the composite material 100 cannot be sufficiently secured. Conversely, if the amount of reinforcing fiber contained in the composite material 100 is large, the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 are used. There is a possibility that voids are generated during the [resin impregnation step].
- the amount of the reinforcing fiber contained in the composite material 100 can be appropriately set depending on the use of the composite material 100 and the like. If the bag surface smooth sheet 4 of this embodiment is used, even if it is the corner R of the corner
- the shape of the composite material 100 is substantially a rectangular parallelepiped like the laminate 110 before impregnating the resin composition C.
- the dimensions of the corner portion 130 should be set according to the specifications of the composite material 100.
- the corner R can be 10.0 mm or less, and further 5.0 mm. It can be: Even in the corner portion 130 having a size within this range, the amount of the reinforcing fiber can be within a desired range.
- plays are demonstrated.
- the warp 43 (weft 44) is disposed such that the angle ⁇ 3 with the corner 111 of the laminate 110 forms an acute angle, whereby the bent portion 42 is disposed. Is bent, the warp yarn 43 (weft yarn 44) is subjected to shear deformation in the [arrangement step] described above. Accordingly, the warp yarn 43 (weft yarn 44) is easily adapted to the corner R. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the content (VF) of the reinforcing fiber after FRP molding in the vicinity of the corner portion 130 of the composite material 100 can be made uniform as compared with the conventional case. Furthermore, since the bag surface smooth sheet 4 has the necessary rigidity in the [vacuum suction step] described above, formation of irregularities on the surface of the composite material 100 that occurs when the resin composition C flows freely. Can be prevented. As a result, the surface of the composite material 100 can have a predetermined surface roughness.
- the warp yarn 43 is arranged so that the angle ⁇ 1 with the peripheral edge 45 of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is an acute angle, so that the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is the same as the conventional one. If it puts on the laminated body 110, it can arrange
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 is only added as a member to be used in the conventional manufacturing method, the present invention can be easily implemented.
- an acute angle ⁇ 3 is formed in the bag surface smooth sheet 70 in which the warp threads 43 are orthogonal to the peripheral edge 45.
- the VF in the vicinity of the corner portion 130 can be set to a desired value, and the corner portion 130 has a sectional shape as small as R5.0 mm or less.
- the VF near the corner 130 can be set to a desired value.
- those composite materials 100 can be obtained with a good yield.
- the manufacturing method of the composite material 100 according to the present embodiment has been described by taking the VaRTM method as an example.
- the manufacturing method is not limited thereto, and the molding space is reduced while reducing the pressure in the molding space in which the reinforcing fiber base is disposed. It is applied to all resin molding methods in which resin is injected into the inside.
- the present invention can be applied to molding methods other than the VaRTM method such as a resin impregnation molding method (RTM: Resin Transfer Molding) and a reduced pressure resin impregnation molding method (Light-RTM).
- the bag surface smooth sheet 70 for this invention.
- the position where the bag surface smooth sheet 70 is placed on the laminate 110 is adjusted so that the warp yarn 43 and the weft 44 of the bag surface smooth sheet 70 form an acute angle ⁇ 3 with the corner portion 111 of the laminate 110. To do.
- the warp surface 43 and the weft 44 as the rigidity imparting material are provided on the bag surface smooth sheet 4, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the warp yarn and the weft yarn constituting the bag surface smooth sheet 4 are made of a highly rigid material such as polyester or nylon, and rigidity can be imparted by setting the wire diameter.
- a rigidity imparting material such as the warp yarn 43 and the weft yarn 44 can be provided, and the warp yarn and the weft yarn constituting the pass media 5 are made of a highly rigid material such as polyester or nylon.
- rigidity can be imparted by setting the wire diameter.
- the bag surface smooth sheet 4 and the pass media 5 were provided with a mesh and a void into which the resin composition C flows, but the material of the bag surface smooth sheet 4 and the pass media 5 was changed according to the composite material 100 to be manufactured. Can be changed. Thereby, the surface property of the composite material 100 may become favorable, and work efficiency may improve.
- the shape of the composite material 100 can be selected as appropriate from various shapes depending on the application, as well as a rectangular parallelepiped. In that case, it is necessary to prepare a laminate 110 that is substantially equal to the selected shape.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
繊維強化プラスチックを成形する方法の一つとして、例えば特許文献1に示される真空補助樹脂注入成形法(VaRTM;Vacuum assisted Resin Transfer Molding)が知られている。
このVaRTM法は、オートクレーブ成形法で用いるオートクレーブ等の大掛かりな設備が不要であることから、航空機部品のように大型の複合材を製造する方法として、広く普及している。
しかし、強化繊維基材が強化繊維の織物からなり、繊維のある部分とない部分で谷・山が存在するので、樹脂含浸工程において、含浸された樹脂組成物がそのまま硬化すると、谷の部分と山の部分が凹凸となって残る。この凹凸は、バッグフィルムに対向する面側に生ずるが、強化繊維基材のバッグフィルムに対向する面側を適度な剛性を有するフィルム、網等のシート材で覆い、シート材と強化繊維基材の隙間を樹脂組成物が埋めることで、解消できる。
本実施形態は、図1(c)に示すように、複数の強化繊維基材2からなる積層体110と、積層体110に含浸された樹脂組成物Cが硬化してなるマトリックス樹脂120とを有する、複合材100の製造方法に関する。
なお、本実施形態は、本発明にVaRTM法を適用した例に関するものである。また、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「樹脂組成物」との表現は、未だ硬化されていない状態を特定する際に用い、すでに硬化されている場合の「樹脂」と区別されるものである。
[配置工程]
先ず、図2に示すように、成形型1の上に矩形のシート状の強化繊維基材2を所定の枚数だけ重ねる。強化繊維基材2が積層された積層体110が外観状は直方体をなしている。積層体110の上面と4つの側面は、各々角部111を介して繋がっている。そして、図1(a)に示すように、積層体110の上にピールプライ3(離型シート)、ピールプライ3の上にバッグ面平滑シート4を配置する。さらに、バッグ面平滑シート4の上にパスメディア5を配置する。
バッグ面平滑シート4とパスメディア5は、ともに樹脂組成物Cが透過する網状シート材であるが、バッグ面平滑シート4は複合材100のバッグフィルム6に対向する面を平滑にすることを主目的にするのに対して、パスメディア5は積層体110に樹脂組成物Cを一様に迅速に浸透させることを主目的とする。
ピールプライ3は、後述する成形空間Sの内部に注入される樹脂組成物Cが透過可能で、かつ離形性を有する化学繊維からなる織物で構成される。
バッグ面平滑シート4は、図3(a)に示すように、表裏を貫通する複数の網目46が形成される網状のシートからなる。注入された樹脂組成物Cは、バッグ面平滑シート4の網目46を通って強化繊維基材2に含浸する(図1(b)参照)。
バッグ面平滑シート4は、平滑性を備えるために網目46の開口寸法(メッシュ)がパスメディア5よりも小さく設定される。
そして、それぞれの縦糸43は、バッグ面平滑シート4の周縁45との角θ1が鋭角を形成するように配置されると、それぞれの緯糸44も、縦糸43と同様に周縁45との角θ2が鋭角を形成するように配置されている。本実施形態では、角θ1と角θ2が45度で一致する例を示している。
このように、角θ1と角θ2の一方が鋭角の場合には、他方も鋭角である。本明細書および特許請求の範囲において、鋭角とは、角θ1と角θ2の両方が鋭角であることをいう。本明細書において角θ1と角θ2のどちらか一方を指して鋭角であるとしている場合も同様である。
特に、角θ1及び角θ2が45度である場合は、X方向、Y方向に略均等に伸びるので、X方向、Y方向の伸縮性の違いを考慮することなく、より容易に折り曲げ部42を折り曲げることができる。
具体的には、周縁45が角部111と略一致するように配置されると、縦糸43は、角部111との角θ3が鋭角になるように配置される。そのため、縦糸43を本体41の周縁45と直交するように配置された場合(図6 一点鎖線)と比べて、縦糸43及び緯糸44の本体41の周縁45との角度や、本体41と積層体110の上面が当接している所から出ている長さ等が異なる。そのため、X方向とY方向に伸縮しやすく、縦糸43及び緯糸44は、たわみやすくなっているので、高い形状追従性が得られる。
図3(b)に示す、縦糸43及び緯糸44が周縁75に直交するバッグ面平滑シート70を、周縁75を角部111に平行になるように複合材100に載せて折り曲げると、図7(b)に示すように、当たりの強い位置と弱い位置が表れる。
ここで一般に、VaRTM法に用いるパスメディアは、空隙率が高いほど、樹脂の拡散性が高いと言える。パスメディアの網目を通って流入した樹脂組成物Cは、積層体110との間の空間を流路として拡散し、積層体110に含浸される。
その後、図1(a)に示すように、上述したように成形型1に設置した、強化繊維基材2、ピールプライ3、バッグ面平滑シート4およびパスメディア5をバッグフィルム6で覆う。バッグフィルム6の周縁と成形型1の上面の間にシール部材11を設けることにより、密閉された成形空間Sがバッグフィルム6と成形型1の間に形成される。強化繊維基材2、ピールプライ3、バッグ面平滑シート4及びパスメディア5は、この成形空間Sに配置される。バッグフィルム6は、吸引口7及び注入口8を備えており、図1(b)に示すように、吸引口7は真空ポンプ9に接続され、注入口8は液状の樹脂組成物Cが貯留される貯留槽10に接続されている。
バッグフィルム6と成形型1の間に成形空間Sを形成したのち、図1(b)に示すように、真空ポンプ9を駆動させて吸引口7から吸引し、成形空間Sを減圧する(真空引き)。成形空間Sの内部に配置される強化繊維基材2には、成形空間S内の圧力とバッグフィルム6の外部の大気圧との差分の圧力からなる成形負荷がバッグ面平滑シート4及びパスメディア5を介して作用する。
したがって、バッグ面平滑シート4が、ピールプライ3を介して積層体110に向かって押し付けられる。バッグ面平滑シート4は、剛性付与材により剛性が高くされている。したがって、後述する樹脂含浸工程において、樹脂組成物Cが自由に流動することにより発生する、複合材100の表面への凹凸の形成を防ぐことができる。
そして、さらに成形空間Sの減圧を続けると、図1(b)に示すように、注入口8には貯留槽10が接続されているので、注入口8を介して減圧下の成形空間Sの内部に貯留槽10内の液状の樹脂組成物Cが注入される。成形空間Sに注入された樹脂組成物Cは、パスメディア5、バッグ面平滑シート4及びピールプライ3を順に通過して、強化繊維基材2に含浸される。
必要な量の樹脂組成物Cが強化繊維基材2に含浸された後、含浸された樹脂組成物Cを硬化させる。具体的に、樹脂組成物Cが熱硬化性樹脂である場合には、成形空間Sを加熱することで硬化させる。樹脂組成物Cを加熱するために、任意の加熱装置を用いることができる。一方、樹脂組成物Cが熱可塑性樹脂である場合には、溶融した樹脂を冷却硬化させる。なお、樹脂組成物Cの硬化工程においても、成形空間Sを減圧に維持することが好ましい。
樹脂組成物Cが硬化した後、減圧及び加熱(または冷却)を解除する。そして、吸引口7と真空ポンプ9の接続及び注入口8と貯留槽10の接続を各々解除したのち、ピールプライ3を硬化した複合材100から剥離し、バッグ面平滑シート4、パスメディア5及びバッグフィルム6を取り外す。その後、成形を終えた複合材100を成形型1から取り外す。
以上で、複合材100の一連の成形工程が終了する。
すなわち、複合材100に含まれる強化繊維の量が少ないと、複合材100の強度を十分に確保できず、逆に、複合材100に含まれる強化繊維の量が多いと、縦糸43と緯糸44の交差箇所が増えて、[樹脂含浸工程]の際に、ボイドが発生するおそれがある。複合材100に含まれる強化繊維の量は、複合材100の用途等により適宜設定することができる。
本実施形態のバッグ面平滑シート4を用いれば、以下説明する角部111のコーナRであっても、角部111及びその近傍における強化繊維の量を、所望の範囲にすることができる。
本発明によれば、バッグ面平滑シート4を配置させる際に、縦糸43(緯糸44)を、積層体110の角部111との角θ3が鋭角をなすように配置させることにより、折り曲げ部42を折り曲げるときに、上述した[配置工程]において縦糸43(緯糸44)をせん断変形させる。したがって、縦糸43(緯糸44)がコーナRになじみやすい。そのため、図7に示すように、従来と比べて、複合材100の角部130の近傍のFRP成形後の強化繊維の含有率(VF)を均一にすることができる。さらに、上述した[真空吸引工程]においてバッグ面平滑シート4が必要な剛性を有しているので、樹脂組成物Cが自由に流動することにより発生する、複合材100の表面への凹凸の形成を防ぐことができる。その結果、複合材100の表面を、所定の表面粗さにすることができる。
パスメディア5についても同様であり、縦糸43及び緯糸44のような剛性付与材を設けることができるし、パスメディア5を構成する縦糸及び緯糸自体をポリエステル、ナイロンなどの剛性の高い材料で構成するとともに、その線径を設定することにより、剛性を付与することもできる。これにより、[真空吸引工程]において、樹脂組成物Cが自由に流動することにより発生する、複合材100の表面への凹凸の形成をより確実に防ぐことができる。
2 強化繊維基材
3 ピールプライ
4 バッグ面平滑シート
41 本体
42 折り曲げ部
43 縦糸
44 緯糸
45 周縁
46 網目
5 パスメディア
6 バッグフィルム
7 吸引口
8 注入口
9 真空ポンプ
10 貯留槽
70 バッグ面平滑シート
75 周縁
100 複合材
110 積層体
111 角部
120 マトリックス樹脂
130 角部
A 間隔
D 太さ
S 成形空間
C 樹脂組成物
Claims (7)
- 成形型の上に配置された強化繊維基材の上に樹脂組成物が透過する網状シートを載せる配置工程と、
前記成形型の上に配置された前記強化繊維基材及び前記網状シートをバッグフィルムで覆い、前記バッグフィルムと前記成形型の間に密閉された成形空間を形成させる被覆工程と、
前記成形空間の内部に前記樹脂組成物を注入して前記強化繊維基材に含浸させる注入・含浸工程と、
前記強化繊維基材に含浸した前記樹脂組成物を硬化させる樹脂硬化工程と、を備え、
前記網状シートは、
複数の縦糸と緯糸が格子状に配置されており、
前記配置工程において、
前記網状シートを、前記強化繊維基材の角部に対して前記縦糸と前記緯糸が鋭角をなすように、前記網状シートを前記強化繊維基材に載せてから、前記強化繊維基材から張り出す前記網状シートを折り曲げる、
ことを特徴とする複合材の製造方法。 - 前記鋭角が40度~50度である、
請求項1に記載の複合材の製造方法。 - 前記網状シートは、
平面視して四角形の形状をなしており、前記四角形を区画する周縁に対して、前記縦糸と前記緯糸が鋭角をなし、
前記配置工程において、
前記網状シートを、前記網状シートの前記周縁と前記強化繊維基材の角部とが平行をなすように前記強化繊維基材に載せてから、前記強化繊維基材から張り出す前記網状シートを折り曲げる、
請求項1に記載の複合材の製造方法。 - 前記網状シートは、
平面視して四角形の形状をなしており、前記四角形を区画する周縁に対して、前記縦糸と前記緯糸が鋭角をなし、
前記配置工程において、
前記網状シートを、前記網状シートの前記周縁と前記強化繊維基材の角部とが平行をなすように前記強化繊維基材に載せてから、前記強化繊維基材から張り出す前記網状シートを折り曲げる、
請求項2に記載の複合材の製造方法。 - 前記網状シートは、
平面視して四角形の形状をなしており、前記四角形を区画する周縁に対して、前記縦糸と前記緯糸が直交し、
前記配置工程において、
前記網状シートを、前記網状シートの前記周縁と前記強化繊維基材の角部と鋭角をなすように前記強化繊維基材に載せてから、前記強化繊維基材から張り出す前記網状シートを折り曲げる、
請求項1に記載の複合材の製造方法。 - 前記網状シートは、
平面視して四角形の形状をなしており、前記四角形を区画する周縁に対して、前記縦糸と前記緯糸が直交し、
前記配置工程において、
前記網状シートを、前記網状シートの前記周縁と前記強化繊維基材の角部と鋭角をなすように前記強化繊維基材に載せてから、前記強化繊維基材から張り出す前記網状シートを折り曲げる、
請求項2に記載の複合材の製造方法。 - 前記被覆工程の後に、前記成形空間内も真空引きする真空吸引工程を有し、
前記注入・含浸工程が、真空とされた前記成形空間の内部で行われることを特徴とする、
請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の複合材の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/085,065 US11220073B2 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | Method for manufacturing composite material |
CA3017455A CA3017455C (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | Method for manufacturing composite material |
EP17779187.8A EP3415297B1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | Method for manufacturing composite material |
CN201780016228.1A CN108712951B (zh) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | 复合材料的制造方法 |
JP2018510647A JP6591661B2 (ja) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | 複合材の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016-077126 | 2016-04-07 | ||
JP2016077126 | 2016-04-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017175809A1 true WO2017175809A1 (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
Family
ID=60000445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/014293 WO2017175809A1 (ja) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | 複合材の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11220073B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3415297B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6591661B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108712951B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3017455C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017175809A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020157894A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Pcj株式会社 | 積層複合材の製造方法、鞄の製造方法、立体成形物及び鞄 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109304876B (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-10-20 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | 一种复合材料叶片的rtm成型方法 |
US20230032434A1 (en) * | 2021-07-31 | 2023-02-02 | Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Intelligent notification of multitasking options during a communication session |
CN113832588B (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-08-26 | 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种增强织物及其使用方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5138553B1 (ja) | 1971-07-31 | 1976-10-22 | ||
JPH091681A (ja) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-01-07 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 繊維強化複合材の構造体及びその製造方法 |
JP2012214042A (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-11-08 | Toray Ind Inc | 繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法 |
WO2013071422A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Hurdle Eric | Ultrasonic resin infusion for moulding composite articles |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4902215A (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1990-02-20 | Seemann Iii William H | Plastic transfer molding techniques for the production of fiber reinforced plastic structures |
US5665301A (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1997-09-09 | Arctek Inc. | Apparatus and method for forming fiber reinforced composite articles |
US8420002B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2013-04-16 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Method of RTM molding |
US7306450B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-12-11 | The Boeing Company | Apparatuses, systems, and methods for manufacturing composite parts |
JP4769044B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-10 | 2011-09-07 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 繊維強化樹脂成形品の真空注入成形方法 |
EP2149441B1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2017-01-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of vacuum-assisted rtm |
JP5138553B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-12 | 2013-02-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 複合材製品製造方法 |
CN101602271B (zh) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-07-20 | 中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所 | 一种增强型导流介质 |
US9682514B2 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2017-06-20 | The Boeing Company | Method of manufacturing resin infused composite parts using a perforated caul sheet |
WO2012026980A2 (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | Materia, Inc. | Vartm flow modifications for low viscosity resin systems |
WO2012086682A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-06-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維集合体の製造方法および炭素繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法 |
US20140080376A1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Engineered high fiber volume polymer matrix composites |
CN203110349U (zh) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-08-07 | 嘉兴佑威复合材料有限公司 | 高速导流网 |
JP6154670B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-06 | 2017-06-28 | 三菱航空機株式会社 | 繊維強化プラスチック部材の成形方法及び成形装置 |
PT2875937T (pt) * | 2013-11-22 | 2021-04-30 | Vitrulan Composites Oy | Um reforço unidirecional, método de produzir um reforço unidirecional e a sua utilização |
CN204801062U (zh) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-25 | 宁波沥高复合材料有限公司 | 一种风力发电叶片成型用改良网格的立体导流网 |
-
2017
- 2017-04-05 JP JP2018510647A patent/JP6591661B2/ja active Active
- 2017-04-05 EP EP17779187.8A patent/EP3415297B1/en active Active
- 2017-04-05 WO PCT/JP2017/014293 patent/WO2017175809A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2017-04-05 US US16/085,065 patent/US11220073B2/en active Active
- 2017-04-05 CA CA3017455A patent/CA3017455C/en active Active
- 2017-04-05 CN CN201780016228.1A patent/CN108712951B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5138553B1 (ja) | 1971-07-31 | 1976-10-22 | ||
JPH091681A (ja) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-01-07 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 繊維強化複合材の構造体及びその製造方法 |
JP2012214042A (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-11-08 | Toray Ind Inc | 繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法 |
WO2013071422A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Hurdle Eric | Ultrasonic resin infusion for moulding composite articles |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020157894A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Pcj株式会社 | 積層複合材の製造方法、鞄の製造方法、立体成形物及び鞄 |
WO2020158915A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Pcj株式会社 | 積層複合材の製造方法、鞄の製造方法、立体成形物及び鞄 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3415297A4 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
CN108712951A (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
CN108712951B (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
US20190077097A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
CA3017455C (en) | 2020-04-07 |
EP3415297B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
EP3415297A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
JPWO2017175809A1 (ja) | 2018-11-15 |
CA3017455A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
JP6591661B2 (ja) | 2019-10-16 |
US11220073B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6591661B2 (ja) | 複合材の製造方法 | |
JP4803028B2 (ja) | プリフォーム、frpおよびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP4515526B2 (ja) | 樹脂トランスファー成形法 | |
JP7149151B2 (ja) | 複合材料製航空機用部品およびその製造方法 | |
JP2010534583A (ja) | 複合材料からなる湾曲部材の製造方法 | |
JP4805375B2 (ja) | Frp構造体の製造方法 | |
JP2008246690A (ja) | 樹脂トランスファー成形法 | |
JP2002307463A (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂の製造方法 | |
JP2014100911A (ja) | プリフォームおよびその製造方法 | |
JP6938987B2 (ja) | 強化繊維基材の製造方法、強化繊維プリフォームの製造方法および繊維強化複合材料成形体の製造方法 | |
JP2019098631A (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂体及びその製造方法 | |
JP4338550B2 (ja) | Frp構造体の製造方法 | |
JP2014051014A (ja) | 繊維強化複合材の製造方法及び繊維強化複合材用中間基材 | |
JP2012245623A (ja) | 多孔質型を用いた複合材の成形方法および装置 | |
KR20170123893A (ko) | 양방향 z-피닝 패치 및 그의 제조방법 | |
JP4371671B2 (ja) | 樹脂トランスファー成形法及びサンドイッチ積層板の製造方法 | |
JP2012066397A (ja) | 繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法 | |
JP2003011136A (ja) | Frp製大型面状体の製造方法 | |
JP2011202303A (ja) | 繊維構造体およびその製造方法、ならびにプリフォーム | |
JP5843686B2 (ja) | 樹脂拡散媒体の製造方法、及び繊維強化プラスチック成形体の製造方法 | |
JP2004090349A (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂構造体の製造方法及び、その製造装置 | |
JP2006138031A (ja) | 強化繊維基材、プリフォームおよびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP5638492B2 (ja) | 繊維強化プラスチック構造体およびその製造方法 | |
JP6861055B2 (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂成形品及びその製造方法 | |
JP5906082B2 (ja) | 樹脂含浸材の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2018510647 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2017779187 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3017455 Country of ref document: CA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017779187 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20180910 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 17779187 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |