WO2017169355A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017169355A1 WO2017169355A1 PCT/JP2017/006780 JP2017006780W WO2017169355A1 WO 2017169355 A1 WO2017169355 A1 WO 2017169355A1 JP 2017006780 W JP2017006780 W JP 2017006780W WO 2017169355 A1 WO2017169355 A1 WO 2017169355A1
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- group
- carbon atoms
- aromatic
- substituted
- unsubstituted
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 159
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005194 alkoxycarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 41
- -1 carbazole compound Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VJLYHTOSFSGXGH-CQSZACIVSA-N (2R)-1-[3-[4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxybenzoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NCC1=CC(=NC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)OC=1C=C(C(=O)N2[C@H](CCC2)C(=O)O)C=CC=1 VJLYHTOSFSGXGH-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- YTVNOVQHSGMMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC2=O)=C3C2=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C32 YTVNOVQHSGMMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 0 *1c(ccc(-[n](c2c3cccc2)c2c3c(-c3c(c(c([n]4-c5ccc6[o]c7ccccc7c6c5)c5)ccc5-c(cccc5c6c7)c5[o]c6ccc7-c5cc(-[n]6c7cccc(-c8c(c(cccc9)c9[n]9-c(cc%10)ccc%10-c%10ccccc%10)c9ccc8)c7c7c6cccc7)ccc5)c4ccc3)ccc2)c2)c2-c2ccccc12 Chemical compound *1c(ccc(-[n](c2c3cccc2)c2c3c(-c3c(c(c([n]4-c5ccc6[o]c7ccccc7c6c5)c5)ccc5-c(cccc5c6c7)c5[o]c6ccc7-c5cc(-[n]6c7cccc(-c8c(c(cccc9)c9[n]9-c(cc%10)ccc%10-c%10ccccc%10)c9ccc8)c7c7c6cccc7)ccc5)c4ccc3)ccc2)c2)c2-c2ccccc12 0.000 description 1
- CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NSC2=C1 CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZNVZNEACQAUNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNVZNEACQAUNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical class [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PGXOVVAJURGPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C3=CC2=C1 PGXOVVAJURGPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL device), and more particularly, to an organic EL device having an organic layer containing a plurality of compounds.
- an organic EL element has a light emitting layer and a pair of counter electrodes sandwiching the layer as its simplest structure. That is, in an organic EL element, when an electric field is applied between both electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode, holes are injected from the anode, and light is emitted as energy when they are recombined in the light emitting layer. Use the phenomenon.
- the excitons generated during this recombination are generated in a ratio of 1: 3 singlet excitons and triplet excitons according to the statistical rule of electron spin.
- a fluorescence emission type organic EL device using light emission by singlet excitons is said to have a limit of 25% in internal quantum efficiency.
- phosphorescent organic EL devices that use triplet excitons using iridium complexes theoretically have internal quantum efficiencies when intersystem crossing is efficiently performed from singlet excitons. Is known to be increased to 100%.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally-Activated-Delayed-Fluorescence) mechanism. This is a technique that can increase the internal quantum efficiency, but further improvement of the lifetime characteristics is demanded in the same manner as the phosphorescent light emitting device.
- TADF Thermally-Activated-Delayed-Fluorescence
- Patent Document 2 discloses the use of a biscarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the use of biscarbazole as a host material.
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 disclose the use of carborane compounds as host materials.
- Patent Documents 7 and 8 disclose using a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host material.
- Patent Document 6 discloses that a specific carborane compound is used as a delayed fluorescent light-emitting material or a biscarbazole compound is used as a delayed fluorescent light-emitting material and a carborane compound is used as a host material in a light-emitting layer.
- a carbazole compound and a carborane compound are mixed and used as a host material for an organic layer other than a light emitting layer or a light emitting layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while being low in voltage.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device in which an anode, an organic layer and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, and at least one layer of the organic layer includes (i) a compound represented by the following general formula (1): (ii) The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- X 1 and X 2 represent NR 1 , PR 2 , O, S, Se, CR 3 R 4 , or SiR 5 R 6, and may be the same or different from each other.
- Y represents a single bond or a divalent group, and the divalent group represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a ring group (excluding a carbazole group), or an aromatic ring thereof (meaning an aromatic ring of these substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic groups); It is a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by 6 linkages.
- the carbazole group in the case of excluding the carbazole group is understood to be a group containing a carbazole ring.
- R 1 to R 6 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic ring thereof.
- a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by 2 to 6 linkages is shown.
- R 7 and R 8 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 6 linked substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms A dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, a diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, a diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms An alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon
- ring A represents a divalent carborane group of C 2 B 10 H 10 represented by formula (a1) or formula (b1), and when a plurality of rings A are present in the molecule, they may be the same. May be different.
- s is the number of repetitions and is an integer of 0 to 2
- n and m are substitution numbers
- n is an integer of 1 or 2
- m is an integer of 0 to 4.
- L 1 is a single bond or an n + 1 valent group.
- the n + 1 valent group is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 of these aromatic rings.
- L 2 is independently a single bond or a divalent group.
- the divalent group is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 of these aromatic rings.
- a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group constituted by linking.
- L 3 is an m + 1 valent group and represents an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 9 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
- alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl groups having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and 2 to 20 carbon atoms Alkynyl group, dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, acyloxy having 2 to 20 carbon atoms Group, alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cyano group, nitro group A group selected from a rho group, a fluoro group, or a tosyl group, and when it is a group
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably NR 1 , O, S, and p and q are preferably integers of 0 to 3.
- R 1 is the same as the general formula (1).
- X 1, X 2, R 7 , R 8, p and q are synonymous with X 1, X 2, R 7 , R 8, p and q in the general formula (1).
- Z represents NR 10 , PR 11 , O, S, Se, CR 12 R 13 , or SiR 14 R 15 , and R 10 to R 15 agree with R 1 to R 6 in the general formula (1). is there.
- Ring A, R 9 , L 1 , L 2 , s, m, and n are the same as in general formula (2).
- the ring A is a C 2 B 10 H 10 divalent carborane group represented by the formula (a1), and the aromatic ring directly bonded to the ring A of L 1 and L 3 is It should be the same.
- an organic layer containing at least two compounds of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) includes a light emitting layer containing a light emitting dopant, an electron blocking layer, and It is at least one layer selected from the group consisting of hole blocking layers, or this organic layer is a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting dopant, and contains the above two or more compounds as a host material It is preferable to do.
- the luminescent dopant is preferably a delayed fluorescent luminescent dopant, or an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. .
- the material used for the organic layer has high durability against electric charges.
- the biscarbazole compound represented by the general formula (1) has high skeletal stability and can control the electron / hole injection / transport properties to some extent by isomers and substituents. Thus, it is difficult to control both charge injection amounts within a preferable range.
- the carborane compound represented by the general formula (2) has a high electron injection / transport property of the device because the lowest vacant orbit (LUMO) that affects the electron injection / transport property is widely distributed throughout the molecule.
- the skeletal stability is as high as that of the biscarbazole compound, the amount of charge injected into the organic layer can be precisely adjusted by using a mixture of the carborane compound and the biscarbazole compound.
- the balance between both charge injection amounts can be adjusted, and in the case of delayed fluorescent light emitting EL elements and phosphorescent light emitting EL elements, it is sufficiently high to confine the excitation energy generated in the light emitting layer. Since it has the lowest excited triplet energy, there is no outflow of energy from the light emitting layer, and high efficiency and long life can be achieved at a low voltage.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device in which an anode, an organic layer and a cathode are laminated on a substrate. At least one of the organic layers is represented by (i) the general formula (1). And (ii) a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the compound of General formula (1) and General formula (2) may be 1 type, respectively, and 2 or more types of compounds may be sufficient as it.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) (also referred to as a biscarbazole compound) is a compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) (also referred to as a carborane compound). It is desirable that it is 30 wt% or more with respect to the sum total. More preferably, it is 35 to 95 wt%, and still more preferably 40 to 90 wt%.
- X 1 and X 2 represent NR 1 , PR 2 , O, S, Se, CR 3 R 4 , or SiR 5 R 6, and may be the same or different from each other. Of these, X 1 and X 2 are preferably NR 1 , O, and S.
- P and q are the numbers of substitutions, and independently represent an integer of 0 to 7. Preferably it is 0 to 5, more preferably 0 to 3.
- Y represents an aromatic other than a single bond, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the carbazole group in the case of removing the carbazole group from the aromatic heterocyclic group may have a substituent in the carbazole group.
- the linked aromatic group is a group constituted by connecting 2 to 6 aromatic rings of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group by a direct bond, and the aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group. May have the same substituent.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups, and linked aromatic groups are collectively referred to as aromatic groups.
- R 1 to R 6 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number. 3 to 30 aromatic heterocyclic groups, or linked aromatic groups in which these substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings are linked by 2 to 6 are shown.
- a linked aromatic group is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number. 3 to 30 aromatic heterocyclic groups, or linked aromatic groups in which these substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings are linked by 2 to 6 are shown.
- Y and R 1 to R 6 are an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or linked aromatic group
- aromatic group include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, fluorene, azulene, heptalene , Octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acetanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphen, tetracene, preaden, picene, perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene , Aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as cholanthrylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyrantren
- Y does not contain a carbazole group.
- the substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl Alkyl groups such as icosyl, aralkyl groups such as phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, phenylicosyl, naphthylmethyl, anthranylmethyl, phenanthrenylmethyl, pyrenylmethyl, alkenyl groups such as vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, decenyl, icosenyl Alkynyl groups such as e
- an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, naphthylmethyl, anthranylmethyl, phenanthrenylmethyl
- An aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms such as pyrenylmethyl, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, octoxy, nonyloxy, decanyloxy, diphenylamino, naphthylphenylamino, Examples thereof include a diarylamino group having two aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as dinaphthylamino, dianthranylamino, and diphen
- a linked aromatic group is a group in which a plurality of aromatic rings (which are aromatic hydrocarbon rings, aromatic heterocycles, or both) of an aromatic compound having a single ring structure or a condensed ring structure are connected. is there.
- aromatic ring linked means that the aromatic rings of the aromatic group are linked by a direct bond. When the aromatic ring is a substituted aromatic ring, the substituent is not an aromatic ring.
- the linked aromatic group may be linear or branched, and the aromatic rings to be linked may be the same or different, and either one of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring and the aromatic heterocyclic ring or You may have both and you may have a substituent.
- the linked aromatic group is a divalent group
- linkage modes as shown below.
- a trivalent or higher group it is understood from the above.
- Ar 11 to Ar 16 and Ar 21 to Ar 26 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring (aromatic group), and the ring constituent atoms of the aromatic ring are bonded by a direct bond.
- Bonds come out of the ring atoms of the aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring (aromatic group) means an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and can be a monovalent or higher group.
- the bond comes out from Ar 11 , Ar 21 , or Ar 23 , but can come out from other aromatic rings.
- two or more bonds may come out from one aromatic ring.
- linked aromatic group examples include, for example, biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine, bipyrimidine, vitriazine, terpyridine, phenylterphenyl, binaphthalene, phenylpyridine, diphenylpyridine, phenylpyrimidine, diphenylpyrimidine, phenyltriazine, diphenyltriazine, phenylnaphthalene.
- aromatic compounds such as diphenylnaphthalene, carbazolylbenzene, biscarbazolylbenzene, biscarbazolyltriazine, dibenzofuranylbenzene, bisdibenzofuranylbenzene, dibenzothiophenylbenzene, bisdibenzothiophenylbenzene And groups formed by removing one or more hydrogens.
- R 7 and R 8 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 6 linked substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms A dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, a diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, a diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms An alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon
- it is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted group in which these aromatic rings are linked by 2 to 5 Unsubstituted linked aromatic group, alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, diarylamino group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyano group, fluoro group Or a tosyl group.
- R 7 and R 8 are the above aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or linked aromatic group
- the aromatic heterocyclic group includes a carbazole group.
- R 7 and R 8 are alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl groups having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, dialkylamino having 2 to 40 carbon atoms A diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, a diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, In the case of an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, a fluoro group, or a tosyl group, the above R 1 This is the same as the description for
- R 7 and R 8 are groups other than a cyano group, a nitro group, a fluoro group, and a tosyl group, they may further have a substituent, and the substituent is an aromatic group described in the above R 1 to R 6 This is the same as described for the substituents of the group of groups.
- the number of substituents is 0-5, preferably 0-2.
- the calculation of the carbon number does not include the carbon number of the substituent.
- the total number of carbon atoms including the carbon number of the substituent is preferably in the range of the carbon number.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linked aromatic group is understood to be the total number of carbon atoms of the linked aromatic hydrocarbon group and aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Ring A represents a C 2 B 10 H 10 divalent carborane group represented by formula (a1) or formula (b1), and a plurality of rings A in the molecule may be the same or different.
- all the rings A are carborane groups represented by the formula (a1).
- the two bonds that the divalent carborane group has may originate from C or B, but the bonds that bind to L 1 , L 2 and L 3 preferably originate from C.
- s is a repeating number and represents an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0.
- n and m are the numbers of substitutions, n is an integer of 1 or 2, m is an integer of 0 to 4, preferably n is an integer of 1, and m is an integer of 0 to 2.
- L 1 is a single bond or an n + 1 valent aromatic group.
- the aromatic group includes a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 of these aromatic rings.
- a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group composed of two linked groups.
- L 2 is independently a single bond or a divalent aromatic group.
- the divalent aromatic group includes a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic ring thereof.
- a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group composed of 2 to 6 linked groups.
- a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings A substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group constituted by linking.
- L 3 is an m + 1 valent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms
- the aromatic heterocyclic group has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- Z represents NR 10 , PR 11 , O, S, Se, CR 12 R 13 , or SiR 14 R 15 , preferably NR 10 , O, S.
- R 10 to R 15 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 17 represents an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which these aromatic rings are linked by 2-6.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, and linked aromatic group are such that L 1 is n + 1 valent, L 2 is divalent, and L 3 is m + 1 valent. Except for the above, it is the same as the explanation for the aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group and linked aromatic group explained in R 1 to R 6 of the general formula (1) and formulas (3) to (7).
- R 9 has the same meaning as R 7 and R 8 in the general formula (1).
- the organic EL device of the present invention contains a mixture of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) in at least one organic layer of the organic EL device. Since this mixture is excellent in durability against electric charges, it may be used in any organic layer, but is preferably included in any one of the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the hole blocking layer, It is preferable to include in a light emitting layer.
- the above mixture When used in a light emitting layer, the above mixture may be used as a light emitting dopant material, but other phosphorescent dopant materials, fluorescent light emitting dopant materials or thermally activated delayed fluorescent light emitting dopant materials are used as the light emitting dopant material.
- the mixture is preferably used as a host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- the mixture containing the at least two compounds may be mixed and vapor-deposited using one vapor deposition source before producing the element, or the element is produced by an operation such as co-evaporation using a plurality of vapor deposition sources. You may mix at the time.
- the above mixture may be used by forming a film on a substrate or the like using a wet process such as spin coating or ink jet without using a dry process using a vapor deposition source.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a structural example of a general organic EL element, where 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, and 4 is hole transport. Layers 5, 5 are light-emitting layers, 6 is an electron transport layer, 7 is an electron injection layer, and 8 is a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode as essential layers, but other layers may be provided as necessary. Examples of other layers include, but are not limited to, a hole injection transport layer, an electron blocking layer, and a hole blocking layer.
- a positive hole injection transport layer means either a positive hole injection layer, a positive hole transport layer, or both.
- the substrate 1 serves as a support for the organic electroluminescent element, and a quartz or glass plate, a metal plate or a metal foil, a plastic film or a sheet is used.
- glass plates and smooth and transparent synthetic resin plates such as polyester, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate and polysulfone are preferred.
- a synthetic resin substrate it is necessary to pay attention to gas barrier properties. If the gas barrier property of the substrate is too small, the organic electroluminescent element may be deteriorated by the outside air that has passed through the substrate, which is not preferable. For this reason, a method of providing a gas barrier property by providing a dense silicon oxide film or the like on at least one surface of the synthetic resin substrate is also a preferable method.
- Anode An anode 2 is provided on the substrate 1, and the anode plays a role of hole injection into the hole transport layer.
- This anode is usually a metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, platinum, a metal oxide such as an oxide of indium and / or tin, an oxide of indium and / or zinc, or a halogen such as copper iodide.
- Metal oxide, carbon black, or a conductive polymer such as poly (3-methylthiophene), polypyrrole, or polyaniline.
- the anode is often formed by a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or the like.
- anode in the case of fine metal particles such as silver, fine particles such as copper iodide, carbon black, conductive metal oxide fine particles, conductive polymer fine powder, etc., it is dispersed in an appropriate binder resin solution and placed on the substrate.
- An anode can also be formed by coating.
- a conductive polymer a thin film can be directly formed on the substrate by electrolytic polymerization, or the anode can be formed by applying a conductive polymer on the substrate 1.
- the anode can be formed by stacking different materials. The thickness of the anode varies depending on the required transparency. When transparency is required, it is desirable that the visible light transmittance is usually 60% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the thickness is usually 5 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 10%. It is about 500 nm. If it may be opaque, the anode may be the same as the substrate. Furthermore, it is also possible to laminate different conductive materials on the anode.
- the hole transport layer 4 is provided on the anode 2.
- a hole injection layer 3 can also be provided between them.
- the material of the hole transport layer it is necessary that the material has a high hole injection efficiency from the anode and can efficiently transport the injected holes.
- the ionization potential is low, the transparency to visible light is high, the hole mobility is high, the stability is high, and impurities that become traps are unlikely to be generated during manufacturing or use.
- the light emitting layer 5 it is required not to quench the light emitted from the light emitting layer or to form an exciplex with the light emitting layer to reduce the efficiency.
- the element is further required to have heat resistance. Therefore, a material having a Tg value of 85 ° C. or higher is desirable.
- a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) may be used, or a known compound conventionally used for this layer may be used.
- Known compounds include, for example, aromatic diamines containing two or more tertiary amines and having two or more condensed aromatic rings substituted with nitrogen atoms, 4,4 ', 4 "-tris (1-naphthylphenylamino) )
- Aromatic amine compounds having a starburst structure such as triphenylamine, aromatic amine compounds consisting of tetramers of triphenylamine, 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetrakis- (diphenylamino) -9,9 Examples include spiro compounds such as' -spirobifluorene, etc.
- examples of the material for the hole transport layer include polymer materials such as polyarylene ether sulfone containing polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl triphenylamine, and tetraphenylbenzidine.
- the hole transport layer When forming the hole transport layer by a coating method, one or more hole transport materials and, if necessary, an additive such as a binder resin or a coating property improving agent that does not trap holes are added, Dissolve to prepare a coating solution, apply onto the anode by a method such as spin coating, and dry to form a hole transport layer.
- the binder resin include polycarbonate, polyarylate, and polyester.
- the hole transport material When forming by vacuum evaporation, put the hole transport material in a crucible installed in a vacuum vessel, evacuate the vacuum vessel to about 10 -4 Pa with a suitable vacuum pump, then heat the crucible The hole transport material is evaporated, and a hole transport layer is formed on the substrate on which the anode is formed, facing the crucible.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm. In order to uniformly form such a thin film, a vacuum deposition method is generally used.
- the hole injection layer is provided between the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2. 3 is also inserted.
- the driving voltage of the initial element is lowered, and at the same time, an increase in voltage when the element is continuously driven with a constant current is suppressed.
- the conditions required for the material used for the hole injection layer are that the contact with the anode is good and a uniform thin film can be formed, which is thermally stable, that is, the glass transition temperature is high, and the glass transition temperature is 100 ° C. or higher. Is required. Furthermore, the ionization potential is low, hole injection from the anode is easy, and the hole mobility is high.
- a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) may be used, a known phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, an organic compound such as polyaniline or polythiophene, a sputter Carbon films, metal oxides such as vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, molybdenum oxide, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), hexanitrile hexaazatriphenylene (HAT), etc.
- NTCDA 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- HAT hexanitrile hexaazatriphenylene
- a P-type organic substance may be used alone, or may be mixed and used as necessary.
- a thin film can be formed in the same manner as the hole transport layer, but in the case of an inorganic material, a sputtering method, an electron beam evaporation method, or a plasma CVD method is further used.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer formed as described above is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- the light-emitting layer 5 is provided on the hole transport layer 4.
- the light emitting layer may be formed from a single light emitting layer, or may be formed by laminating a plurality of light emitting layers so as to be in direct contact with each other.
- the light emitting layer is configured as a host material and a light emitting dopant, and the light emitting dopant may be a fluorescent light emitting material, a delayed fluorescent light emitting material, and a phosphorescent light emitting material.
- the mixture of General formula (1) and General formula (2) may be used as a host material and may be used as a luminescent dopant, it is preferable to use it as a host material.
- fluorescent light-emitting materials to be added to the host material include condensed ring derivatives such as perylene and rubrene, quinacridone derivatives, phenoxazone 660, DCM1, perinone, coumarin derivatives, pyromethene (diazaindacene) derivatives, and cyanine dyes. Etc. can be used.
- examples of the delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer include carborane derivatives, tin complexes, indolocarbazole derivatives, copper complexes, carbazole derivatives, and the like. Specific examples include compounds described in the following non-patent documents and patent documents, but are not limited to these compounds.
- delayed luminescent materials are shown, but are not limited to the following compounds.
- the amount of the delayed fluorescent material contained in the light emitting layer is 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20%. It may be in the range of% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10%.
- the phosphorescent luminescent dopant contains an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. Is good. Specific examples include compounds described in the following patent publications, but are not limited to these compounds.
- Preferable phosphorescent dopants include complexes such as Ir (ppy) 3 having a noble metal element such as Ir as a central metal, complexes such as Ir (bt) 2 ⁇ acac3, and complexes such as PtOEt3. Specific examples of these complexes are shown below, but are not limited to the following compounds.
- the amount of the phosphorescent dopant contained in the light emitting layer is 2 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- the film thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm, and is formed into a thin film by the same method as the hole transport layer.
- the blocking layer can block diffusion of charges (electrons or holes) and / or excitons existing in the light emitting layer to the outside of the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer and blocks electrons from passing through the light emitting layer toward the hole transport layer.
- a hole blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the electron transporting layer to prevent holes from passing through the light emitting layer toward the electron transporting layer.
- the blocking layer can also be used to block excitons from diffusing outside the light emitting layer. That is, each of the electron blocking layer and the hole blocking layer can also function as an exciton blocking layer.
- the electron blocking layer or the hole blocking layer as used in this specification is used in the meaning including a layer having a function of a charge (electron or hole) blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer in one layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of blocking holes from reaching the electron transport layer while transporting electrons, thereby improving the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer.
- the material for the hole blocking layer a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) is preferably used, and the material for the electron transport layer described later can also be used.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of transporting holes in a broad sense.
- the electron blocking layer has a role to block electrons from reaching the hole transport layer while transporting holes, thereby improving the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer. .
- the electron blocking layer As a material for the electron blocking layer, a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) is preferably used, and a material for the hole transport layer described later can also be used.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- this layer when the exciton blocking layer is provided on the anode side, this layer can be inserted adjacent to the light emitting layer between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer, and when inserted on the cathode side, the light emitting layer and the cathode This layer can be inserted adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, or the like can be provided between the anode and the exciton blocking layer adjacent to the anode side of the light emitting layer, and the excitation adjacent to the cathode and the cathode side of the light emitting layer can be provided.
- an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and the like can be provided between the child blocking layer.
- a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) is preferably used, and any generally used material can be used.
- exciton blocking layer materials examples include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq ).
- Electron Transport Layer An electron transport layer 6 is provided between the light emitting layer 5 and the cathode 8 for the purpose of further improving the light emission efficiency of the device.
- the electron transporting layer is preferably an electron transporting material capable of smoothly injecting electrons from the cathode, and a mixture of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) may be used, or any commonly used Materials can be used.
- Examples of the electron transport material satisfying such conditions include metal complexes such as Alq3, metal complexes of 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinoline, oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, silole derivatives, 3- or 5-hydroxyflavones.
- Metal complex benzoxazole metal complex, benzothiazole metal complex, trisbenzimidazolylbenzene, quinoxaline compound, phenanthroline derivative, 2-t-butyl-9,10-N, N′-dicyanoanthraquinonediimine, n-type hydrogenated amorphous Quality silicon carbide, n-type zinc sulfide, n-type zinc selenide and the like.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- the electron transport layer is formed by laminating on the light emitting layer by a coating method or a vacuum deposition method in the same manner as the hole transport layer. Usually, a vacuum deposition method is used.
- the cathode 8 plays a role of injecting electrons into the electron transport layer 6.
- the material used for the anode 2 can be used.
- a metal having a low work function is preferable for efficient electron injection, and tin, magnesium, indium, calcium, aluminum
- a suitable metal such as silver or an alloy thereof is used.
- Specific examples include low work function alloy electrodes such as magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, and aluminum-lithium alloy.
- the thickness of the cathode is usually the same as that of the anode.
- a metal layer having a high work function and stable to the atmosphere on the cathode increases the stability of the device.
- metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, chromium, gold, platinum are used.
- inserting an ultra-thin insulating film (0.1-5 nm) such as LiF, MgF 2 , Li 2 O between the cathode 8 and the electron transport layer 6 as the electron injection layer 7 is effective in improving the efficiency of the device. Is the method.
- a cathode 8 an electron injection layer 7, an electron transport layer 6, a light emitting layer 5, a hole transport layer 4, a hole injection layer 3, and an anode 2 are laminated on the substrate 1 in this order. It is also possible to provide the organic EL element of the present invention between two substrates, at least one of which is highly transparent as described above. Also in this case, layers can be added or omitted as necessary.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be any of a single element, an element having a structure arranged in an array, and a structure in which an anode and a cathode are arranged in an XY matrix.
- the use of the two compounds of the present invention in at least one organic layer, particularly as a mixed host material of the light emitting layer increases the luminous efficiency even at a low voltage.
- a device with greatly improved driving stability can be obtained, and excellent performance can be exhibited in application to full-color or multi-color panels.
- a 1st host and a 1st component mean the compound represented by General formula (1)
- a 2nd host and a 2nd component mean the compound represented by General formula (2).
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 70 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- CuPC copper phthalocyanine
- NPB 4,4-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- the compound 1-25 as the first host, the compound 3-1 as the second host, and the iridium complex [iridium (III) bis (4,6-di- Fluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N, C2 ′] picolinate] (FIrpic) was co-evaporated from different deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- the deposition rate ratio (wt ratio) of the first host, the second host, and FIrpic was 47: 47: 6.
- Alq 3 was formed to a thickness of 25 nm as an electron transport layer.
- the obtained organic EL device has a layer structure in which an electron injection layer is added between the cathode and the electron transport layer in the organic EL device shown in FIG.
- Example 2-18 organic EL devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds listed in Table 1 were used as the first host of the light emitting layer (Examples 2 to 9). Further, organic EL devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 3-43 was used as the second host of the light emitting layer and the compounds listed in Table 1 were used as the first host (Examples 10 to 18). . When an external power source was connected to the obtained organic EL device and a DC voltage was applied, an emission spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 475 nm was observed from any organic EL device, and it was found that light emission from FIrpic was obtained. . Table 1 shows the characteristics of the produced organic EL elements.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound described in Table 2 was used alone as the light emitting layer host.
- the host amount was the same as the total of the first host and the second host in Example 1, and the guest amount was the same.
- a power source was connected to the obtained organic EL element and a DC voltage was applied, an emission spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 475 nm was observed from any organic EL element, and it was found that light emission from FIrpic was obtained.
- Table 2 shows the characteristics of the produced organic EL elements.
- the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency are values at a driving current of 2.5 mA / cm 2
- the luminance half time is a value at an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2
- Compound No. is the number given to the above chemical formula.
- Example 19 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 150 nm was formed.
- CuPc was formed to a thickness of 20 nm on ITO as a hole injection layer
- NPB was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as a hole transport layer.
- compound 1-25 as the first host
- compound 3-1 as the second host
- tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (III) (Ir (PPy) 3 ) as the light emitting layer guest respectively.
- the deposition rate ratio of the first host, the second host, and Ir (PPy) 3 was 47: 47: 6.
- aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate (BAlq) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- BAlq aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate
- Alq 3 aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate
- LiF was formed to a thickness of 0.5 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- Al was formed as a cathode with a thickness of 100 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Examples 20-36 organic EL devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the compounds listed in Table 3 were used as the first host of the light emitting layer (Examples 20 to 27).
- An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that Compound 3-43 was used as the second host of the light-emitting layer, and the compounds listed in Table 3 were used as the first host (Examples 28 to 36). .
- an external power source was connected to the obtained organic EL element and a DC voltage was applied, an emission spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 517 nm was observed from any organic EL element, and light emission from Ir (PPy) 3 was obtained. I understood.
- Table 3 shows the characteristics of the produced organic EL elements.
- Example 19 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the compound described in Table 4 was used alone as the light emitting layer host.
- the host amount was the same as the total of the first host and the second host in Example 19, and the guest amount was the same.
- a power supply was connected to the obtained organic EL element and a DC voltage was applied, an emission spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 517 nm was observed from any organic EL element, and light emission from Ir (PPy) 3 was obtained. all right.
- Table 4 shows the characteristics of the produced organic EL elements.
- the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency are values at a driving current of 20 mA / cm 2
- the luminance half time is a value at an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 .
- Example 37 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 70 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- CuPC copper phthalocyanine
- NPD diphenylnaphthyldiamine
- mCBP as the host material of the light emitting layer
- FIrpic as the dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- the deposition rate ratio between mCBP and FIrpic was 94: 6.
- Compound 1-61 was used as the first component of the hole blocking layer and Compound 3-1 was used as the second component on the light emitting layer to form a thickness of 5 nm.
- the deposition rate ratio between Compound 3-1 and Compound 1-61 was 50:50.
- Alq 3 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- the obtained organic EL device has a layer structure in which an electron injection layer is added between the cathode and the electron transport layer and a hole blocking layer is added between the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer in the organic EL device shown in FIG. Have
- the organic EL element had the light emission characteristics as shown in Table 5.
- Table 5 the brightness, voltage, and luminous efficiency show values (initial characteristics) when driven at 2.5 mA / cm 2 .
- the maximum wavelength of the device emission spectrum was 475 nm, indicating that light emission from FIrpic was obtained.
- Example 37 organic EL devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 37 except that the compounds listed in Table 5 were used as the first component of the hole blocking layer (Examples 38 to 41).
- An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 37 except that Compound 3-43 was used as the second component of the hole blocking layer and the compound shown in Table 5 was used as the first component (Examples 42 to 40). 46).
- an external power source was connected to the obtained organic EL device and a DC voltage was applied, an emission spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 475 nm was observed from any organic EL device, and it was found that light emission from FIrpic was obtained. .
- Table 5 shows the characteristics of the produced organic EL elements.
- Comparative Example 23 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 37 except that the film thickness of Alq 3 as the electron transport layer in Example 37 was 25 nm and no hole blocking layer was provided.
- the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 38 to 46 and Comparative Example 23 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 37. As a result, it was confirmed that the organic EL elements had light emission characteristics as shown in Table 5.
- the maximum wavelength of the emission spectra of the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 37 to 46 and Comparative Example 23 was 475 nm, and it was identified that the emission from FIrpic was obtained.
- Table 5 shows that Examples 37 to 45 show better characteristics than Comparative Example 23 in which no hole blocking material is used.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can achieve high efficiency and long life at low voltage.
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Abstract
Description
Yは単結合、又は2価の基を示し、2価の基は、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基(カルバゾール基を除く)、又はこれらの芳香族環(これら置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は置換若しくは未置換の芳香族複素環基の芳香族環を意味する。)が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基である。ここで、カルバゾール基を除く場合のカルバゾール基は、カルバゾール環を含有する基であると解される。
R1~R6は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
p、qは置換数であり、独立に0~7の整数である。
L1は、単結合、又はn+1価の基である。n+1価の基は、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~6つ連結して構成される置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基である。但し、n=1でかつs=1の場合は、単結合、芳香族複素環基、又は少なくとも1つの芳香族複素環基を含む連結芳香族基である。
L2は独立に、単結合、又は2価の基である。2価の基は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~6つ連結して構成される置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基である。
L3は、m+1価の基であり、未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基を表す。
R9は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、これら置換若しくは未置換の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、又はトシル基から選ばれる基であり、シアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、トシル基以外の基である場合は、更に置換基を有してもよい。
また、一般式(1)で表される化合物と、一般式(2)で表される化合物の少なくとも2種の化合物を含む有機層が、発光性ドーパントを含有する発光層、電子阻止層、および正孔阻止層からなる群れから選ばれる少なくとも一つの層であること、又はこの有機層が、発光性ドーパントを含有する発光層であって、上記2種又は2種以上の化合物をホスト材料として含有することが好ましい。
ここで、一般式(1)で代表されるビスカルバゾール化合物は、骨格の安定性が高く、異性体や置換基によって電子/正孔注入輸送性をある程度制御することができるが単独では、上述のように両電荷注入量を好ましい範囲に制御するのは難しい。一方で、一般式(2)で表されるカルボラン化合物は、電子注入輸送性に影響を与える最低空軌道(LUMO)が分子全体に広く分布していることから素子の電子注入輸送性が高いレベルで制御でき、加えてビスカルバゾール化合物と同様に骨格安定性が高いため、カルボラン化合物とビスカルバゾール化合物を混合して用いることで、有機層への電荷注入量を精密に調節することができる。特に、発光層に使用した場合は、両電荷注入量のバランスを調整でき、遅延蛍光発光EL素子や燐光発光EL素子の場合にあっては、発光層で生成する励起エネルギーを閉じ込めるのに十分高い最低励起三重項エネルギーを有していることから、発光層内からのエネルギー流出がなく、低電圧で高効率かつ長寿命を達成できる。
X1及びX2は、NR1、PR2、O、S、Se、CR3R4、又はSiR5R6を示し、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。このうち、X1及びX2がNR1、O、Sであることが好ましい。
連結芳香族基は上記芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6つ直接結合で連結した構成される基であり、上記芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基が有すると同様な置換基を有してもよい。
芳香族炭化水素基、芳香族複素環基及び連結芳香族基を総称して芳香族基類という。
好ましくはベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フルオレン、フェナントレン、トリフェニレン、ピリジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン、又はカルバゾールから水素を除いて生じる基、又はこれら芳香族化合物の芳香族環が複数連結された芳香族化合物から水素を除いて生じる連結芳香族基が挙げられる。但し、Yはカルバゾール基を含むことは無い。
連結芳香族基は直鎖状であっても分岐状であってもよく、連結する芳香族環は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、芳香族炭化水素環と芳香族複素環の一方又は両方を有してもよく、置換基を有してもよい。
式(9)~(14)では、結合手はAr11、Ar21、又はAr23から出ているが、それ以外の芳香族環から出ることも可能である。また、2価以上の基である場合、1つの芳香族環から2以上の結合手が出てもよい。
R7及びR8がシアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、トシル基以外の基である場合は、更に置換基を有しても良く、その置換基は、前記R1~R6で説明した芳香族基類の置換基における説明と同様である。なお、置換基の数は0~5、好ましくは0~2である。
n、mは置換数であり、nは1又は2の整数、mは0~4の整数を表し、好ましくはnは1の整数、mは0~2の整数である。
図1は一般的な有機EL素子の構造例を模式的に示す断面図であり、1は基板、2は陽極、3は正孔注入層、4は正孔輸送層、5は発光層、6は電子輸送層、7は電子注入層、8は陰極を各々示す。本発明の有機EL素子では、陽極、発光層、電子輸送層及び陰極を必須の層として有するが、必要により他の層を設けてもよい。他の層とは、例えば正孔注入輸送層や電子阻止層及び正孔阻止層が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。なお、正孔注入輸送層は、正孔注入層と正孔輸送層のいずれか又は両者を意味する。
基板1は有機電界発光素子の支持体となるものであり、石英やガラスの板、金属板や金属箔、プラスチックフィルムやシートなどが用いられる。特にガラス板や、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホンなどの平滑で透明な合成樹脂の板が好ましい。合成樹脂基板を使用する場合にはガスバリア性に留意する必要がある。基板のガスバリア性が小さすぎると、基板を通過した外気により有機電界発光素子が劣化することがあるので好ましくない。このため、合成樹脂基板の少なくとも片面に緻密なシリコン酸化膜等を設けてガスバリア性を確保する方法も好ましい方法の一つである。
基板1上には陽極2が設けられるが、陽極は正孔輸送層への正孔注入の役割を果たすものである。この陽極は、通常、アルミニウム、金、銀、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等の金属、インジウム及び/又はスズの酸化物、インジウム及び/又は亜鉛の酸化物などの金属酸化物、ヨウ化銅などのハロゲン化金属、カーボンブラック、あるいは、ポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子などにより構成される。陽極の形成は通常、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法などにより行われることが多い。また、銀などの金属微粒子、ヨウ化銅などの微粒子、カーボンブラック、導電性の金属酸化物微粒子、導電性高分子微粉末などの場合には、適当なバインダー樹脂溶液に分散し、基板上に塗布することにより陽極を形成することもできる。更に、導電性高分子の場合は電解重合により直接基板上に薄膜を形成したり、基板1上に導電性高分子を塗布して陽極を形成することもできる。陽極は異なる物質で積層して形成することも可能である。陽極の厚みは、必要とする透明性により異なる。透明性が必要とされる場合は、可視光の透過率を、通常、60%以上、好ましくは80%以上とすることが望ましく、この場合、厚みは、通常、5~1000nm、好ましくは10~500nm程度である。不透明でよい場合には、陽極は基板と同一でもよい。また、更には上記の陽極の上に異なる導電材料を積層することも可能である。
陽極2の上に正孔輸送層4が設けられる。両者の間には、正孔注入層3を設けることもできる。正孔輸送層の材料に要求される条件としては、陽極からの正孔注入効率が高く、かつ、注入された正孔を効率よく輸送することができる材料であることが必要である。そのためには、イオン化ポテンシャルが小さく、可視光の光に対して透明性が高く、しかも正孔移動度が大きく、更に安定性に優れ、トラップとなる不純物が製造時や使用時に発生しにくいことが要求される。また、発光層5に接するために発光層からの発光を消光したり、発光層との間でエキサイプレックスを形成して効率を低下させないことが求められる。上記の一般的要求以外に、車載表示用の応用を考えた場合、素子には更に耐熱性が要求される。従って、Tgとして85℃以上の値を有する材料が望ましい。
また、上記の化合物以外に、正孔輸送層の材料として、ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルトリフェニルアミン、テトラフェニルベンジジンを含有するポリアリーレンエーテルサルホン等の高分子材料が挙げられる。
正孔注入の効率を更に向上させ、かつ、有機層全体の陽極への付着力を改善させる目的で、正孔輸送層4と陽極2との間に正孔注入層3を挿入することも行われている。正孔注入層を挿入することで、初期の素子の駆動電圧が下がると同時に、素子を定電流で連続駆動した時の電圧上昇も抑制される効果がある。正孔注入層に用いられる材料に要求される条件としては、陽極とのコンタクトがよく均一な薄膜が形成でき、熱的に安定、すなわち、ガラス転移温度が高く、ガラス転移温度としては100℃以上が要求される。更に、イオン化ポテンシャルが低く陽極からの正孔注入が容易なこと、正孔移動度が大きいことが挙げられる。
正孔輸送層4の上に発光層5が設けられる。発光層は、単一の発光層から形成されていてもよいし、複数の発光層を直接接するように積層して構成されていてもよい。発光層は、ホスト材料と発光性ドーパントとして構成され、発光性ドーパントとしては、蛍光発光材料、遅延蛍光発光材料及び燐光発光材料の場合がある。一般式(1)及び一般式(2)の混合物をホスト材料として使用しても良いし、発光性ドーパントとして使用しても良いが、ホスト材料として使用することが好ましい。
阻止層は、発光層中に存在する電荷(電子若しくは正孔)及び/又は励起子の発光層外への拡散を阻止することができる。電子阻止層は、発光層及び正孔輸送層の間に配置されることができ、電子が正孔輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。同様に、正孔阻止層は発光層及び電子輸送層の間に配置されることができ、正孔が電子輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。阻止層はまた、励起子が発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止するために用いることができる。すなわち電子阻止層、正孔阻止層はそれぞれ励起子阻止層としての機能も兼ね備えることができる。本明細書でいう電子阻止層又は正孔阻止層は、一つの層で電荷(電子若しくは正孔)阻止層及び励起子阻止層の機能を有する層を含む意味で使用される。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有する。正孔阻止層は電子を輸送しつつ、正孔が電子輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは、広い意味では正孔を輸送する機能を有する。電子阻止層は正孔を輸送しつつ、電子が正孔輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。すなわち、励起子阻止層を陽極側に有する場合、正孔輸送層と発光層の間に、発光層に隣接してこの層を挿入することができ、陰極側に挿入する場合、発光層と陰極との間に、発光層に隣接してこの層を挿入することができる。また、陽極と、発光層の陽極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、正孔注入層や電子阻止層などを有することができ、陰極と、発光層の陰極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、電子注入層、電子輸送層、正孔阻止層などを有することができる。
素子の発光効率を更に向上させることを目的として、発光層5と陰極8の間に、電子輸送層6が設けられる。電子輸送層としては、陰極からスムーズに電子を注入できる電子輸送性材料が好ましく、一般式(1)及び一般式(2)の混合物を使用しても良いし、一般的に使用される任意の材料を用いることができる。このような条件を満たす電子輸送材料としては、Alq3などの金属錯体、10-ヒドロキシベンゾ[h]キノリンの金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、ジスチリルビフェニル誘導体、シロール誘導体、3-又は5-ヒドロキシフラボン金属錯体、ベンズオキサゾール金属錯体、ベンゾチアゾール金属錯体、トリスベンズイミダゾリルベンゼン、キノキサリン化合物、フェナントロリン誘導体、2-t-ブチル-9,10-N,N'-ジシアノアントラキノンジイミン、n型水素化非晶質炭化シリコン、n型硫化亜鉛、n型セレン化亜鉛などが挙げられる。
陰極8は、電子輸送層6に電子を注入する役割を果たす。陰極として用いられる材料は、前記陽極2に使用される材料を用いることが可能であるが、効率よく電子注入を行なうには、仕事関数の低い金属が好ましく、スズ、マグネシウム、インジウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、銀等の適当な金属又はそれらの合金が用いられる。具体例としては、マグネシウム-銀合金、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金等の低仕事関数合金電極が挙げられる。
陰極の膜厚は通常、陽極と同様である。低仕事関数金属からなる陰極を保護する目的で、この上に更に、仕事関数が高く大気に対して安定な金属層を積層することは素子の安定性を増す。この目的のために、アルミニウム、銀、銅、ニッケル、クロム、金、白金等の金属が使われる。
更に、電子注入層7として、陰極8と電子輸送層6の間にLiF 、MgF2、Li2O等の極薄絶縁膜(0.1~5nm)を挿入することも素子の効率を向上させる有効な方法である。
膜厚 70nm の 酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2.0×10-5 Pa で積層させた。まず、ITO 上に正孔注入層として、銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を 30 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層として4,4-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル(NPB)を 15 nm の厚さに形成した。次に発光層として、第一ホストとして化合物1-25を、第二ホストとして化合物3-1を、発光層ゲストとして青色燐光材料であるイリジウム錯体[イリジウム(III)ビス(4,6-ジ-フルオロフェニル)-ピリジネート-N,C2']ピコリネート](FIrpic)とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、30 nm の厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、第一ホストと第二ホストとFIrpicの蒸着速度比(wt比)は、47:47:6であった。次に、電子輸送層として Alq3 を 25 nm厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を 1.0 nm厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70 nm厚さに形成した。得られた有機EL素子は、図1に示す有機EL素子において、陰極と電子輸送層の間に、電子注入層が追加された層構成を有する。
実施例1において、発光層の第一ホストとして表1に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例2~9)。
また、発光層の第二ホストとして化合物3-43を、第一ホストとして表1に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例10~18)。
得られた有機EL素子に外部電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれの有機EL素子からも極大波長475 nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、FIrpicからの発光が得られていることがわかった。表1に作製した有機EL素子の特性を示す。
実施例1において、発光層ホストとして表2に記載した化合物を単独で用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。なお、ホスト量は、実施例1における第一ホストと第二ホストの合計と同じ量とし、ゲスト量は同様とした。得られた有機EL素子に電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれの有機EL素子からも極大波長475nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、FIrpicからの発光が得られていることがわかった。表2に作製した有機EL素子の特性を示す。
膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてCuPcを20nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPBを20nmの厚さに形成した。次に発光層として、第一ホストとして化合物1-25を、第二ホストとして化合物3-1を、発光層ゲストとしてトリス(2-フェニルピリジン)イリジウム(III)(Ir(PPy)3)をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに形成した。この時、第一ホストと第二ホストとIr(PPy)3の蒸着速度比は、47:47:6であった。次に、正孔阻止層としてアルミニウム(III)ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリナト)4-フェニルフェノラート(BAlq)を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を40nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてLiFを0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを100nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子に外部電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、極大波長517nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、Ir(PPy)3からの発光が得られていることがわかった。表3に作製した有機EL素子の特性(輝度、電圧、外部量子効率及び輝度半減時間)を示す。
実施例19において、発光層の第一ホストとして表3に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例19と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例20~27)。
また、発光層の第二ホストとして化合物3-43を、第一ホストとして表3に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例19と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例28~36)。
得られた有機EL素子に外部電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれの有機EL素子からも極大波長517nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、Ir(PPy)3からの発光が得られていることがわかった。表3に作製した有機EL素子の特性を示す。
実施例19において、発光層ホストとして表4に記載した化合物を単独で用いた以外は実施例19と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。なお、ホスト量は、実施例19における第一ホストと第二ホストの合計と同じ量とし、ゲスト量は同様とした。得られた有機EL素子に電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれの有機EL素子からも極大波長517nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、Ir(PPy)3からの発光が得られていることがわかった。表4に作製した有機EL素子の特性を示す。
膜厚 70nm の 酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2.0×10-5 Pa で積層させた。まず、ITO 上に正孔注入層として、銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を 30 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてジフェニルナフチルジアミン(NPD)を 15 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層のホスト材料としてのmCBPとドーパントとしてのFIrpicとを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、30 nm の厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、mCBPとFIrpicの蒸着速度比は、94:6であった。次に、発光層上に正孔阻止層の第一成分として化合物1-61を、第二成分として化合物3-1を用い、5 nmの厚さに形成した。この時、化合物3-1と化合物1-61の蒸着速度比は、50:50であった。次に電子輸送層として Alq3 を 20 nm厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を 1.0 nm厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70 nm厚さに形成した。得られた有機EL素子は、図1に示す有機EL素子において、陰極と電子輸送層の間に電子注入層、及び発光層と電子輸送層の間に、正孔阻止層が追加された層構成を有する。
実施例37において、正孔阻止層の第一成分として表5に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例37と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例38~41)。
また、正孔阻止層の第二成分として化合物3-43を、第一成分として表5に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例37と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した(実施例42~46)。
得られた有機EL素子に外部電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれの有機EL素子からも極大波長475 nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、FIrpicからの発光が得られていることがわかった。表5に作製した有機EL素子の特性を示す。
実施例37における電子輸送層としてのAlq3の膜厚を25 nmとし、正孔阻止層を設けないこと以外は、実施例37と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
Claims (11)
- 基板上に、陽極、有機層及び陰極が積層されてなる有機電界発光素子において、該有機層の少なくとも1層に、(i)下記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、(ii)下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
ここで、X1及びX2はNR1、PR2、O、S、Se、CR3R4、又はSiR5R6を示し、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
Yは単結合、2価の置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30のカルバゾール基以外の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
R1~R6は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。
R7及びR8は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、これらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、又はトシル基を示す。
p、qは置換数であり、独立に0~7の整数である。
ここで、環Aは式(a1)又は式(b1)で表されるC2B10H10の2価のカルボラン基を示し、分子内に環Aが複数存在する場合は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。sは繰り返し数であり、0~2の整数であり、n、mは置換数であり、nは1又は2の整数、mは0~4の整数である。
L1は、単結合、n+1価の置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、n+1価の置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換のn+1価の連結芳香族基を表す。但し、n=1で、かつs=1の場合は、単結合、芳香族複素環基、又は少なくとも1つの芳香族複素環基を含む連結芳香族基である。
L2は独立に、単結合、2価の置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、2価の置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の2価の連結芳香族基を表す。
L3は、m+1価の未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、又はm+1価の未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基を表す。
R9は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基、これらの芳香族炭化水素基若しくは芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が2~6連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、又はトシル基から選ばれる基であり、シアノ基、ニトロ基、フルオロ基、トシル基以外の基である場合は、更に置換基を有してもよい。 - 一般式(1)のX1及びX2が独立に、NR1、O、又はSのいずれかである請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)のp及びqが独立に、0~3の整数である請求項1又は2に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(2)において、L1とL3の環Aに直接結合する芳香環が同一である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(2)の環Aが、式(a1)で表されるC2B10H10の2価のカルボラン基である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(1)で表される化合物と、一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む有機層が、発光性ドーパントを含有する発光層、電子阻止層、および正孔阻止層からなる群れから選ばれる少なくとも一つの層である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記有機層が、発光性ドーパントを含有する発光層であって、一般式(1)で表される化合物と、一般式(2)で表される化合物をホスト材料として含有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光性ドーパントが遅延蛍光発光性ドーパントであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光性ドーパントが、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金及び金から選ばれる少なくとも一つの金属を含む有機金属錯体であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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- 2017-02-23 EP EP17773900.0A patent/EP3439058A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-23 CN CN201780020397.2A patent/CN108886107B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2019181465A1 (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
CN111868955A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-10-30 | 日铁化学材料株式会社 | 有机电场发光元件 |
KR20200132898A (ko) | 2018-03-19 | 2020-11-25 | 닛테츠 케미컬 앤드 머티리얼 가부시키가이샤 | 유기 전계발광 소자 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201802083A (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
EP3439058A4 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
CN108886107A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
JP6746688B2 (ja) | 2020-08-26 |
CN108886107B (zh) | 2021-01-05 |
TWI722141B (zh) | 2021-03-21 |
US10622570B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
JPWO2017169355A1 (ja) | 2019-02-14 |
EP3439058A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
KR20180122617A (ko) | 2018-11-13 |
US20190088883A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
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