WO2017168518A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017168518A1 WO2017168518A1 PCT/JP2016/059921 JP2016059921W WO2017168518A1 WO 2017168518 A1 WO2017168518 A1 WO 2017168518A1 JP 2016059921 W JP2016059921 W JP 2016059921W WO 2017168518 A1 WO2017168518 A1 WO 2017168518A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- potential side
- bypass circuit
- cell block
- connection node
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/34—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device that performs power conversion between alternating current and direct current, and is suitably used for, for example, a modular multilevel converter.
- a modular multilevel converter is composed of a plurality of cascaded cell converters (chopper circuits). Each cell converter includes a capacitor and a switching element for setting the voltage between the output terminals to zero voltage or capacitor voltage (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5378274 (Patent Document 1)).
- the MMC can output a voltage exceeding the withstand voltage of the switching elements constituting each cell converter by cascading a plurality of cell converters. Therefore, the MMC is expected to be applied to a direct current power transmission system (HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current) and a reactive power compensator (STATCOM: Static Synchronous Compensator).
- HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
- STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2014/148100 discloses a means for protecting a cell converter from a DC short-circuit circulation current when a DC short-circuit accident occurs due to a lightning strike to a DC overhead transmission line in a DC power transmission system. To do.
- each cell converter includes a main circuit composed of a switching element and a DC capacitor, an external terminal for cascading with other cell converters, a free wheel diode connected in reverse parallel to the switching element, Have A cell block is configured for each of a plurality of cell converters.
- a bypass circuit is connected to the two external connection terminals of the cell block. When a DC short-circuit accident occurs, the bypass circuit passes a DC short-circuit circulating current instead of the free wheel diode in each cell block. If the bypass circuit has a sufficient current capacity compared to the DC short circuit circulating current, each cell block can be protected from the DC short circuit circulating current.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and is capable of reliably protecting a free wheel diode in a cell block even when a DC short-circuit accident occurs.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention is a power conversion device including a plurality of cascaded cell blocks and a plurality of bypass circuits electrically connected in parallel to the plurality of cell blocks.
- Each cell block is cascade-connected between a first connection node on the high potential side and a second connection node on the low potential side for connection to other cell blocks, and a first connection node and a second connection node, respectively.
- the impedance of the current path through the plurality of cell blocks is made larger than the impedance of the current path through the plurality of bypass circuits, so that a free in the cell block can be generated even if a DC short-circuit accident occurs.
- the wheel diode can be reliably protected.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of each arm circuit of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a path of a circulating current that flows in the case of a short circuit accident in a DC circuit in the arm circuit of FIG. 2.
- It is a top view which shows an example of the specific structure of the arm circuit of FIG.
- It is a side view of the arm circuit of FIG.
- It is a circuit diagram which shows the structural example of a bypass circuit.
- It is side surface sectional drawing which shows an example of the specific structure of a bypass circuit.
- It is a top view which shows another example of the specific structure of an arm circuit.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing an example of a specific structure of the arm circuit of FIG. 15. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of a full bridge type
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the overall configuration of the power converter.
- power conversion device 10 controls leg circuits 11U, 11V, and 11W (referred to as “leg circuit 11” when referring generically or indicating an unspecified one) and these leg circuits 11. And a control device (not shown).
- the leg circuit 11 is provided for each of a plurality of phases constituting AC, is connected between the AC circuit 15 and the DC circuit 16, and performs power conversion between both circuits.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where the AC circuit 15 is a three-phase AC, and three leg circuits 11U, 11V, and 11W are provided corresponding to the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase, respectively.
- the AC circuit 15 is an AC power system including an AC power source, for example. In FIG. 1, for easy illustration, the connection between the AC terminals NV and NW and the interconnection transformer 17 is not shown.
- DC terminals NP and NN positive DC terminal NP and negative DC terminal NN provided in common to each leg circuit 11 are connected to the DC circuit 16.
- the DC circuit 16 is a DC power system including, for example, a DC power transmission network and other power conversion devices that perform DC output.
- each leg circuit 11 may be connected to the AC circuit 15 through an interconnection reactor.
- primary circuits are provided in the leg circuits 11U, 11V, 11W, respectively, and the leg circuits 11U, 11V, 11W are connected via secondary windings magnetically coupled to the primary windings.
- You may make it connect to the interconnection transformer 17 or an interconnection reactor in alternating current.
- the primary winding may be the following reactor 14. That is, the leg circuit 11 is electrically (direct current or alternating current) AC via a connection portion provided in each leg circuit 11U, 11V, 11W, such as the AC terminals NU, NV, NW or the primary winding described above. Connected to the circuit 15.
- the leg circuit 11U includes a positive arm (also referred to as an upper arm or a primary arm) 12U from the positive DC terminal NP to the AC input terminal NU, and a negative arm (lower) from the negative DC terminal NN to the AC input terminal NU. 13U) (also referred to as an arm or a secondary arm).
- a connection point NU between the positive arm 12U and the negative arm 13U is connected to the interconnection transformer 17.
- Positive DC terminal NP and negative DC terminal NN are connected to DC circuit 16. Since the leg circuits 11V and 11W have the same configuration, the leg circuit 11U will be described below as a representative.
- the positive arm 12U includes a plurality of cascaded cell converters (chopper cells) CL and a reactor 14. A more detailed configuration of the positive arm 12U will be described with reference to FIG.
- negative arm 13U includes a plurality of cell converters CL and a reactor 14 connected in cascade. A more detailed configuration of the negative arm 13U will be described with reference to FIG.
- the reactor 14 connected in series with the cell converter group may be provided in only one of the positive side arm 12U and the negative side arm 13U, or in any position of the positive side arm 12U and the negative side arm 13U. It may be provided.
- the positive arm 12U and the negative arm 13U are collectively referred to as an arm circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of each arm circuit of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- each arm circuit includes m pieces (m is an integer of 2 or more) cascade-connected from the first cell block CLB1 on the high potential side to the mth cell block CLBm on the low potential side.
- a cell block CLB is included.
- the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3 are representatively shown.
- Each arm circuit further includes m bypass circuits BC respectively corresponding to m cell blocks CLB.
- the m bypass circuits BC are composed of a high potential side first bypass circuit BC1 to a low potential side mth bypass circuit BCm, and each bypass circuit BC is electrically connected in parallel with the corresponding cell block CLB. Has been.
- the i-th cell block CLBi (i is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ i ⁇ m) is connected to the first external connection terminal TPi on the high potential side and the low potential side for connection with other cell blocks CLB.
- a second external connection terminal TNi and a plurality (n) of cell converters CL1 to CLn cascade-connected between the external connection terminals TPi and TNi are included.
- n is an integer of 3 or more.
- the number of cell converters CL included in each cell block CLB may be different for each cell block CLB.
- Each cell converter CL has a half-bridge configuration in the case of FIG. In FIG. 2, the internal circuit is typically shown for the first cell converter CL1, but the circuit configurations of the other cell converters are also the same.
- the q-th cell converter CLq (q is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ q ⁇ n) includes a high-potential-side output node NAq and a low potential for connection to other cell converters CL.
- the capacitor 2 is connected in parallel with the switching elements 1A and 1B.
- the freewheel diodes 3A and 3B correspond to the switching elements 1A and 1B, respectively, and each freewheel diode is connected in antiparallel (parallel and reverse bias direction) with the corresponding switching element.
- the connection point of the switching elements 1A and 1B is connected to the output node NAq on the high potential side.
- a connection point between switching element 1B and capacitor 2 is connected to output node NBq on the low potential side.
- an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is used as the switching element, but other types of semiconductor switching elements may be used.
- the output node NA1 of the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side is connected to the first external connection terminal TP1 of the cell block CLB1
- the output node NBn of the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side is connected to the second external connection terminal TN1 of the cell block CLB1.
- the output node NBq on the low potential side of the qth cell converter CLq (q is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ q ⁇ n ⁇ 1) is the output node on the high potential side of the q + 1th cell converter CLq + 1. Connected to NAq + 1.
- the output node NAq on the high potential side of the qth cell converter CLq (q is an arbitrary integer satisfying 2 ⁇ q ⁇ n) is connected to the low potential side of the q ⁇ 1th cell converter CLq ⁇ 1. Connected to output node NBq-1.
- the gate driving device is connected to the gate terminal of the first switching element 1A and the gate terminal of the second switching element 1B, and outputs a gate driving signal for turning on and off the switching elements 1A and 1B. To do. As will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, each cell converter CL is fixed on a substrate and accommodated in a structure.
- the bypass circuit BCi (i is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ i ⁇ m) is directly connected to the first and second external connection terminals TPi and TNi of the corresponding cell block CLBi (that is, via other external connection terminals). Connected). That is, the external connection terminal TBPi on the high potential side of the bypass circuit BCi is connected to the external connection terminal TPi of the cell block CLBi through the wiring, and the external connection terminal TBNi on the low potential side of the bypass circuit BCi is connected to the low potential of the cell block CLBi. It is connected to the side external connection terminal TNi via a wiring.
- the bypass circuit BC protects the freewheel diode 3B in the cell block CLB from a circulating current (DC short-circuit current) flowing between the power converter and the DC circuit when a DC short-circuit accident occurs in the DC power transmission system. It is provided for.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a path of circulating current that flows in the case of a short circuit accident in the DC circuit in the arm circuit of FIG.
- the occurrence of a short circuit accident in the DC circuit can be detected, for example, when the total value of each phase of the arm current exceeds a threshold value or when the absolute value of any arm current exceeds the threshold value.
- control is performed so that all semiconductor switching elements of each cell converter constituting each cell block CLB are turned off (open state).
- the path of the circulating current includes a current path flowing through each bypass circuit BC indicated by a thick line in FIG. 3 and a free path of each cell block CLB indicated by a medium thickness line in FIG. And a current path that flows through the wheel diode 3B.
- wirings between adjacent cell blocks BLC are common to both current paths.
- each cell block CLBi (i is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ i ⁇ m)
- the distance between the first and second external connection terminals TPi and TNi is made as short as possible and these externals It is necessary to make the connection line between the connection terminals TPi, TNi and the corresponding bypass circuit BCi as short as possible.
- the circulating current is passed through each bypass circuit BC rather than the impedance of the circulating current passing path through the cell converters CL1 to CLn in each cell block CLB.
- the impedance of the flow path can be made smaller. As a result, more DC short circuit circulating current can be supplied to the bypass circuit BC than to the cell block CLB.
- the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPi and the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNi. It is desirable that the cell converter CLn is provided at a position closer to the corresponding bypass circuit BCi than the other cell converters CL. In other words, it is desirable that the cell converter CL1 and the cell converter CLn are arranged adjacent to each other in the cell block CLBi.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a specific structure of the arm circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the arm circuit of FIG.
- the plan view and the side view of FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of specific structures of arm circuits that satisfy the above-described arrangement conditions.
- each cell block CLB is provided so as to surround the insulating substrate 20 inside the rectangular insulating substrate 20 for fixing the cell converter CL and the outer periphery of the insulating substrate 20.
- Insulating shield 21 and four insulators 22 attached to four corners of insulating substrate 20.
- the insulator 22 is provided with a through hole penetrating in the vertical direction of the substrate.
- Each cell block CLB is supported on the installation surface 29 by an insulating support pillar 24 penetrating the through hole.
- the substrates 20 of the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3 are arranged in the horizontal direction along the installation surface 29 which is a common reference surface.
- each bypass circuit BC is supported on an installation surface 29 by an insulating support 25 penetrating the insulator 23.
- the bypass circuits BC1 to BC3 are arranged in the horizontal direction along the installation surface 29 at substantially the same height as the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3. As described above, by arranging the cell block CLB and the bypass circuit BC in the horizontal direction in a plane, the entire system can be expanded in the horizontal direction according to the number of the cell blocks CLB and the bypass circuits BC.
- the first cell block CLB1 will be described as a representative, but the same applies to other cell blocks CLB.
- the first and second external connection terminals TP1 and TN1 are provided near the same short side of the rectangular substrate 20.
- Cell converters CL1 and CL6 are provided adjacent to the external connection terminals TP1 and TN1. Therefore, the cell converters CL1 and CL6 are fixed on the substrate adjacent to each other.
- the cell converter CL2 is disposed farther from the external connection terminal TP1 than the cell converter CL1, and the cell converter CL3 is disposed farther from the external connection terminal TP1 than the cell converter CL2.
- the cell converter CL5 is disposed farther from the external connection terminal TN1 than the cell converter CL6, and the cell converter CL4 is disposed farther from the external connection terminal TN1 than the cell converter CL5.
- the external connection terminals TP1, cell converters CL1, CL2, CL3 are linearly arranged in this arrangement order in the X-axis direction, and are substantially parallel to these external connection terminals TN1, cell converters CL6, CL5, CL4. Are arranged in this order.
- the bypass circuit BC1 is disposed at a position facing the external connection terminals TP1 and TP2 of the corresponding cell block CLB1.
- the external connection terminal TP1 of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TBP1 of the bypass circuit BC1 can be connected with the shortest possible wiring
- the external connection terminal TN1 of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TBN1 of the bypass circuit BC1 Can be connected with the shortest possible wiring.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the bypass circuit.
- the bypass circuit BC includes a plurality of diode elements 30 connected in series.
- the cathode of each diode element 30 is provided on the side close to the high-potential side external connection terminal TBP, and the anode of each diode element 30 is provided on the side close to the low-potential side external connection terminal TBN. Since a forward current flows from the anode side to the cathode side of the diode, the direction from the low potential side external connection terminal TBN to the high potential side external connection terminal TBP is the flow direction. Since this flow direction is the same as the flow direction of the DC short circuit circulating current in the cell block when a DC short circuit accident occurs, the DC short circuit current can be released to the diode element 30 of the bypass circuit BC. .
- the bypass circuit BC includes a plurality of thyristor elements 31 connected in series.
- the cathode of each thyristor element 31 is provided on the side close to the high-potential side external connection terminal TBP, and the anode of each thyristor element 31 is provided on the side close to the low-potential side external connection terminal TBN. Since a forward current flows from the anode side to the cathode side of the diode, the direction from the low potential side external connection terminal TBN to the high potential side external connection terminal TBP is the flow direction. Since this flow direction is the same as the flow direction of the DC short circuit circulating current in the cell block when a DC short circuit accident occurs, the DC short circuit current can be released to the thyristor element 31 of the bypass circuit BC. .
- the bypass circuit BC includes a plurality of mechanical switch elements 32 connected in series. Since the mechanical switch element 32 can flow a current in both directions, the DC short circuit circulating current in the cell block when a DC short circuit accident occurs can be released to the mechanical switch element 32.
- the bypass circuit BC includes a plurality of IGBT elements 33 connected in series.
- the emitter of each IGBT element 33 is provided on the side close to the external connection terminal TBP on the high potential side, and the collector of each IGBT element 33 is provided on the side close to the external connection terminal TBN on the low potential side. Since the forward current flows from the collector side to the emitter side in the IGBT, the direction from the low potential side external connection terminal TBN to the high potential side external connection terminal TBP is the flow direction. Since this flow direction is the same as the flow direction of the DC short circuit circulating current in the cell block when a DC short circuit accident occurs, the DC short circuit current can be released to the IGBT element 33 of the bypass circuit BC. .
- FIG. 7 is a side sectional view showing an example of a specific structure of the bypass circuit.
- the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional shape along the line VII-VII of FIG.
- the bypass circuit BC has a stack structure in which any one of the elements shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D is stacked in series. In the case of FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6D, it is desirable that the semiconductor element has a vertical structure.
- bypass circuit BC includes a plurality of elements 40A to 40X stacked on each other with conductive plate 41 interposed therebetween.
- the elements 40A to 40X and the conductive plate 41 are integrated to form a stack structure.
- the stack structure is fixed by a support member 44 in a housing constituted by the insulating members 42 and 43.
- External connection terminals TBP and TBN are respectively connected to the conductive plates 41 at both ends of the stack structure.
- the wiring impedance of the bypass circuit BC can be reduced. Since the bypass circuit BC can be installed independently of the cell converter CL, the degree of freedom of installation can be increased. Furthermore, the number of elements stacked can be changed in accordance with the change in the number of cell converters CL.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another example of the specific structure of the arm circuit.
- the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3 and the bypass circuit BC are arranged so as to be stacked vertically from the installation surface 29 of the power converter.
- the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3 are supported on the installation surface 29 by a common column 24 that penetrates the insulators 22 attached to the four corners of each insulating substrate 20.
- an insulating shield 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the insulating substrate 20 so as to surround the insulating substrate 20 inside.
- the bypass circuits BC1 to BC3 are supported on the installation surface 29 by a common column 25 that penetrates the insulator 23 attached to each of the bypass circuits BC1 to BC3. Accordingly, the substrates 20 of the cell blocks CLB1 to CLB3 overlap each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the installation surface 29.
- the corresponding cell block CLB and the bypass circuit BC are provided at substantially the same height from the installation surface 29, and each bypass circuit BC is provided at a position facing the external connection terminals TP and TN of the corresponding cell block CLB. Yes. Thereby, the external connection terminals TP and TN of each cell block CLB and the external connection terminals TBP and TBN of the corresponding bypass circuit BC can be connected with as short a wiring as possible.
- the entire system can be expanded in the vertical direction according to the number of the cell blocks CLB and the bypass circuits BC.
- FIG. 8 may be combined with the arrangements of FIGS. 5 and 6 so that the cell block CLB and the bypass circuit BC can be expanded both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction.
- each bypass circuit BC corresponds to the corresponding cell block CLB.
- the cell converter CL on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TP and the cell converter CL on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TN. Is arranged closer to the corresponding bypass circuit BC than the remaining cell converter CL.
- the impedance of the circulating current path via the bypass circuit BC can be made smaller than the impedance of the circulating current path via the cell block CLB in the event of a short circuit fault in the DC circuit. It can be arranged compactly.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of each arm circuit of FIG. 1 in the second embodiment.
- the configuration of the arm circuit of FIG. 9 is different from that of the first embodiment of FIG. 2 in the connection of each bypass circuit BC.
- the bypass circuit BCj (j is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ j ⁇ m ⁇ 1) includes the first external connection terminal TPj of the corresponding cell block CLBj and the first block of the cell block CLBj + 1. It is directly connected to one external connection terminal TPj + 1 (that is, not via another external connection terminal). That is, the external connection terminal TBPj on the high potential side of the bypass circuit BCj is connected to the external connection terminal TPj on the high potential side of the cell block CLBj via the wiring, and the external connection terminal TBNj on the low potential side of the bypass circuit BCj is connected to the cell block.
- the external connection terminal TPj + 1 on the high potential side of CLBj + 1 is connected via a wiring.
- the low potential side external connection terminal TBNm of the lowest potential side bypass circuit BCm and the low potential side external connection terminal TNm of the lowest potential side cell block CLBm are mutually (or at a common node). Connected.
- the other points in FIG. 9 are the same as those in FIG. 2, and therefore, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the path of the circulating current when the DC circuit is short-circuited in the arm circuit of FIG.
- the circulation current path includes a current path flowing through each bypass circuit BC indicated by a thick line in FIG. 10 and a free path of each cell block CLB indicated by a medium thickness line in FIG. 10. And a current path that flows through the wheel diode 3B.
- the former short-circuit current via the bypass circuit BC does not flow in the wiring between the adjacent cell blocks BLC (wirings W1, W2, W3, W4 in FIG. 10).
- the distance between the first external connection terminal TPj of the cell block CLBj (j is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ j ⁇ m ⁇ 1) and the first external connection terminal TPj + 1 of the cell block CLBj + 1. Must be as short as possible, and the connection line between the first external connection terminals TPj and TPj + 1 and the bypass circuit BCj must be as short as possible.
- the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPj is positioned closer to the corresponding bypass circuit BCj than the remaining cell converters. It is desirable to provide it. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNj at a position farther from the corresponding bypass circuit BCj than the remaining cell converters. Similarly, in the cell block CLBj + 1, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPj + 1 at a position closer to the bypass circuit BCj than the remaining cell converters. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNj + 1 at a position farther from the bypass circuit BCj than the remaining cell converters.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of a specific structure of the arm circuit of FIG. Since the plan view of FIG. 11 corresponds to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to portions common to FIG. 4 and description thereof is not repeated.
- the first external connection terminal TP1 is provided in the vicinity of the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the second external connection terminal TN1 is connected to the first short side. It is provided in the vicinity of the opposing second short side.
- the first external connection terminal TP2 is provided near the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the second external connection terminal TN2 is opposed to the first short side. 2 near the short side.
- the first external connection terminals TP1 and TP2 are provided on the side close to the corresponding bypass circuit BC1, and the second external connection terminals TN1 and TN2 are provided on the side away from the corresponding bypass circuit BC1.
- the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side is disposed adjacent to the first external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), and the cell converters CL1, CL2,. It is arranged further away from the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2).
- the cell converter CL6 on the lowest potential side is arranged close to the second external connection terminal TN1 (TN2). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), the cell converters CL1, CL2,..., CL6 and the external connection terminal TN1 (TN2) are arranged linearly in this arrangement order.
- the wiring W2 connecting the external connection terminal TN1 on the low potential side of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TP2 on the high potential side of the cell block CLB2 is longer than that in the first embodiment.
- the wiring W2 is not used as a current path via the bypass circuit BC, but is used only as a current path via the cell block CLB, so that the impedance of the current path via the cell block CLB is set. Can be larger.
- the bypass circuit BC1 is disposed at a position facing the external connection terminal TP1 on the high potential side of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TP2 on the high potential side of the cell block CLB2.
- the external connection terminal TP1 of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TBP1 of the bypass circuit BC1 can be connected with the shortest possible wiring
- the external connection terminal TP2 of the cell block CLB2 and the external connection terminal TBN1 of the bypass circuit BC1 Can be connected with the shortest possible wiring.
- the impedance of the circulating current path via the bypass circuit BC is changed to the circulating current path via the cell block CLB at the time of a short circuit accident of the DC circuit.
- the impedance of the cell converter CL can be made smaller, and a plurality of cell converters CL can be arranged in a compact manner.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of each arm circuit of FIG. 1 in the third embodiment.
- the configuration of the arm circuit in FIG. 12 is different from that in the first embodiment in FIG. 2 in the connection of each bypass circuit BC.
- the bypass circuit BCk (k is an arbitrary integer satisfying 2 ⁇ k ⁇ m) includes the second external connection terminal TNk ⁇ 1 of the cell block CLBk ⁇ 1 and the corresponding cell block. It is directly connected to the second external connection terminal TNk of CLBk (that is, not via another external connection terminal). That is, the external connection terminal TBPk on the high potential side of the bypass circuit BCk is connected to the external connection terminal TNk-1 on the low potential side of the cell block CLBk-1 via the wiring, and the external connection terminal on the low potential side of the bypass circuit BCk.
- TBNk is connected to an external connection terminal TNk on the low potential side of the cell block CLBk via a wiring.
- the high potential side external connection terminal TBP1 of the highest potential side bypass circuit BC1 and the high potential side external connection terminal TP1 of the highest potential side cell block CLB1 are mutually (or at a common node). Connected.
- the other points in FIG. 12 are the same as those in FIG. 2, and therefore, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a path of the circulating current when the DC circuit is short-circuited in the arm circuit of FIG.
- the path of the circulating current includes the current path flowing through each bypass circuit BC indicated by the thick line in FIG. 13 and the free path of each cell block CLB indicated by the medium thickness line in FIG. And a current path that flows through the wheel diode 3B.
- the former short-circuit current via the bypass circuit BC does not flow in the wiring between the adjacent cell blocks BLC (wirings W1, W2, W3, W4 in FIG. 13).
- the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNk ⁇ 1 is used as the bypass circuit BCk corresponding to the remaining cell converters. It is desirable to provide at a position close to. Further, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CL1 on the highest and low potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPk-1 at a position farther from the bypass circuit BCk than the remaining cell converters. Similarly, in the cell block CLBk, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNk at a position closer to the bypass circuit BCk than the remaining cell converters. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPk at a position farther from the bypass circuit BCk than the remaining cell converters.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an example of a specific structure of the arm circuit of FIG.
- the plan view of FIG. 14 corresponds to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, and therefore, parts common to FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.
- the second external connection terminal TN1 is provided in the vicinity of the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the first external connection terminal TP1 is connected to the first short side. It is provided in the vicinity of the opposing second short side.
- the second external connection terminal TN2 is provided in the vicinity of the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the first external connection terminal TP2 faces the first short side. 2 near the short side.
- the first external connection terminals TP1 and TP2 are provided on the side away from the corresponding bypass circuit BC2, and the second external connection terminals TN1 and TN2 are provided on the side close to the corresponding bypass circuit BC2.
- the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side is disposed adjacent to the first external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), and the cell converters CL1, CL2,. It is arranged further away from the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2).
- the cell converter CL6 on the lowest potential side is arranged close to the second external connection terminal TN1 (TN2). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), the cell converters CL1, CL2,..., CL6 and the external connection terminal TN1 (TN2) are arranged linearly in this arrangement order.
- the wiring W2 connecting the external connection terminal TN1 on the low potential side of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TP2 on the high potential side of the cell block CLB2 is longer than that in the first embodiment.
- the wiring W2 is not used as a short-circuit current path via the bypass circuit BC, but is used only as a short-circuit current path via the cell block CLB. The impedance of the short-circuit current path can be further increased.
- the bypass circuit BC2 is disposed at a position facing the external connection terminal TN1 on the low potential side of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TN2 on the low potential side of the cell block CLB2.
- the external connection terminal TN1 of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TBP2 of the bypass circuit BC2 can be connected as short as possible, and the external connection terminal TN2 of the cell block CLB2 and the external connection terminal TBN2 of the bypass circuit BC2 Can be connected with the shortest possible wiring.
- the impedance of the circulating current path via the bypass circuit BC can be made smaller than the impedance of the circulating current path via the cell block CLB in the event of a short circuit accident in the DC circuit.
- the plurality of cell converters CL can be arranged in a compact manner.
- the bypass circuit BC is provided not in parallel with one cell block CLB but in parallel with a plurality of cascaded cell blocks CLB will be described.
- the plurality of cell blocks CLB corresponding to the bypass circuit BC are referred to as a cell block aggregate CBA.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of each arm circuit of FIG. 1 in the fourth embodiment.
- each arm circuit includes m pieces (m is equal to or greater than 2) from the first cell block aggregate CBA1 on the high potential side to the mth cell block aggregate CBAm on the low potential side.
- Cell block aggregate CBA Cell block aggregate CBA.
- the cell block aggregate CBA1 and the cell block aggregate CBA2 are representatively shown.
- Each arm circuit further includes m bypass circuits BC respectively corresponding to m cell block aggregates CBA.
- the m bypass circuits BC are composed of a high-potential side first bypass circuit BC1 to a low-potential side m-th bypass circuit BCm, and each bypass circuit BC is electrically parallel to a corresponding cell block aggregate CBA. It is connected to the.
- Each cell block aggregate CBA includes a plurality of cascaded cell blocks CLB.
- two cell blocks CLB are shown for each cell block aggregate CBA, but the number of cell blocks CLB constituting the cell block aggregate CBA is not particularly limited, and each cell block aggregate CBA. The number of cell blocks may be different. Since the configuration of each cell block CLB is as described with reference to FIG. 2, description thereof will not be repeated.
- the bypass circuit BCi (i is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ i ⁇ m) is electrically provided in parallel with the corresponding cell block aggregate CBAi.
- the high-potential side external connection terminal TBPi of the bypass circuit BCi has a first cell block CLB1 of the highest potential side cell block CLB1 among the plurality of cell blocks constituting the corresponding i-th cell block aggregate CBAi. It is connected to the external connection terminal TP1 through wiring.
- the impedance of the path of the circulating current through the bypass circuit BC is set via the cell block aggregate CBA. It is necessary to make it smaller than the impedance of the circulating current path.
- the cell block CLB1 on the highest potential side of each cell block aggregate CBAi (i is an arbitrary integer satisfying 1 ⁇ i ⁇ m) is connected to the first external connection terminal TP1. It is desirable that the cell converter CL1 is provided closer to the corresponding bypass circuit BCi than the remaining cell converters. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CLn connected to the second external connection terminal TN1 at a position farther from the corresponding bypass circuit BCi than the remaining cell converters.
- the cell converter CLn on the lowest potential side connected to the second external connection terminal TNp corresponds more than the remaining cell converters. It is desirable to be provided at a position close to the bypass circuit BCi. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side connected to the first external connection terminal TPp at a position farther from the corresponding bypass circuit BCi than the remaining cell converters.
- the first external connection terminal TP1 is provided in the vicinity of the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the second external connection terminal TN1 is connected to the first short side. It is provided in the vicinity of the opposing second short side.
- the second external connection terminal TN2 is provided in the vicinity of the first short side of the rectangular substrate 20, and the first external connection terminal TP2 faces the first short side. 2 near the short side.
- the first external connection terminal TP1 of the cell block CLB1 and the second external connection terminal TN2 of the cell block CLB2 are provided on the side close to the corresponding bypass circuit BC1, and the second external connection terminal TN1 of the cell block CLB1.
- the first external connection terminal TP2 of the cell block CLB2 are provided on the side away from the corresponding bypass circuit BC1.
- the cell converter CL1 on the highest potential side is disposed adjacent to the first external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), and the cell converters CL1, CL2,. It is arranged further away from the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2).
- the cell converter CL6 on the lowest potential side is arranged close to the second external connection terminal TN1 (TN2). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, the external connection terminal TP1 (TP2), the cell converters CL1, CL2,..., CL6 and the external connection terminal TN1 (TN2) are arranged linearly in this arrangement order.
- the bypass circuit BC1 is disposed at a position facing the external connection terminal TP1 on the high potential side of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TN2 on the low potential side of the cell block CLB2.
- the first external connection terminal TP1 of the cell block CLB1 and the external connection terminal TBP1 of the bypass circuit BC1 can be connected as short as possible, and the second external connection terminal TN2 of the cell block CLB2 and the bypass circuit BC1.
- the external connection terminal TBN1 can be connected with as short a wiring as possible.
- the impedance of the circulating current path via the bypass circuit BC can be made smaller than the impedance of the circulating current path via the cell block CLB in the event of a short circuit accident in the DC circuit.
- the plurality of cell converters CL can be arranged in a compact manner.
- each cell converter CL is a half-bridge type
- the plurality of cell converters CL constituting each cell block CLB may be all full bridge type, or part of them may be full bridge type, and the remaining cell converters CL may be half bridge type. May be.
- some or all of the plurality of cell converters CL constituting each cell block CLB may be a mixed cell converter shown below.
- supplementary explanation will be given for the case of the full-bridge type and the mixed type cell converter.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of full-bridge and mixed cell converters.
- FIG. 17A shows a full-bridge configuration
- FIG. 17B shows a mixed configuration.
- full-bridge converter cell CL includes switching elements 1C and 1D connected in series and diodes 3C and 3D connected in antiparallel to switching elements 1C and 1D, respectively. Further, it differs from the half-bridge converter cell CL of FIG.
- the entire switching elements 1C and 1D are connected in parallel with the series connection circuit of the switching elements 1A and 1B, and are connected in parallel with the DC capacitor 2.
- Output node NA is connected to a connection node of switching elements 1A and 1B, and output node NB is connected to a connection node of switching elements 1C and 1D.
- the full-bridge converter cell CL always turns on the switching element 1D and always turns off the switching element 1C during normal operation (that is, when a zero voltage or a positive voltage is output between the output nodes NA and NB).
- the switching elements 1A and 1B are controlled to be turned on alternately.
- the full-bridge converter cell CL outputs a zero voltage or a negative voltage by always turning off the switching element 1A, always turning on the switching element 1B, and alternately turning on the switching elements 1C and 1D. You can also
- mixed type converter cell CL is one of switching elements 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D from full bridge type converter cell CL shown in FIG. It has the structure which removed. In the case of FIG. 17B, a configuration in which the switching element 1C is removed is shown.
- the mixed converter cell CL shown in FIG. 17B always turns on the switching element 1D during normal operation (that is, when a zero voltage or a positive voltage is output between the output nodes NA and NB).
- the switching elements 1A and 1B are controlled to be turned on alternately.
- switching element 1A in the configuration in which switching element 1A is removed in FIG. 17A, control is performed so that switching element 1B is always on and switching elements 1C and 1D are alternately on. Thus, a zero voltage or a negative voltage can be output.
- the switching element 1A In the case of the configuration in which the switching element 1B is removed in FIG. 17A, the switching element 1A is always turned on, and the switching elements 1C and 1D are controlled to be turned on alternately. Can be output.
- the switching element 1C In the configuration in which the switching element 1D is removed in FIG. 17A, the switching element 1C is always turned on, and the switching elements 1A and 1B are alternately turned on, so that a zero voltage or a negative voltage is obtained. Can be output.
- the path length of the current path via the bypass circuit can be made considerably shorter than the path length of the current path via the cell block. Therefore, in the event of a short circuit accident in the DC circuit, the impedance of the circulating current path via the bypass circuit BC can be made considerably smaller than the impedance of the circulating current path via the cell block CLB. As a result, the amount of current flowing into the capacitor of the full bridge type (or mixed type) converter cell that constitutes the cell block can be reduced to such an extent that the capacitor voltage does not exceed the withstand voltage, so that the capacitor is damaged. The problem can be avoided.
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Abstract
Description
[電力変換装置の全体構成]
図1は、電力変換装置の全体構成を示す回路図である。図1を参照して、電力変換装置10は、レグ回路11U,11V,11W(総称する場合または不特定のものを示す場合、レグ回路11と記載する)と、これらのレグ回路11を制御する制御装置(不図示)とを備える。
図2は、第1の実施形態において図1の各アーム回路の構成を示す回路図である。図2を参照して、各アーム回路は、高電位側の第1のセルブロックCLB1から低電位側の第mのセルブロックCLBmまでのカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックCLBを含む。図2の場合、セルブロックCLB1からセルブロックCLB3までが代表的に示されている。各アーム回路は、さらに、m個のセルブロックCLBにそれぞれ対応するm個のバイパス回路BCを含む。m個のバイパス回路BCは、高電位側の第1のバイパス回路BC1から低電位側の第mのバイパス回路BCmによって構成され、各バイパス回路BCは対応するセルブロックCLBと電気的に並列に接続されている。
図3は、図2のアーム回路において、直流回路の短絡事故時に流れる循環電流の経路を示す図である。直流回路の短絡事故の発生は、たとえば、アーム電流の各相合計値が閾値を超えたこと、もしくは、いずれかのアーム電流の絶対値が閾値を超えたことによって検知することができる。直流回路の短絡事故の発生が検知された場合、各セルブロックCLBを構成する各セル変換器の全ての半導体スイッチング素子がオフ状態(開状態)となるように制御される。
図4は、図2のアーム回路の具体的構造の一例を示す平面図である。図5は、図4のアーム回路の側面図である。図4および図5の平面図および側面図は、上述した配置条件を満たすアーム回路の具体的構造の例を示すものである。
図6は、バイパス回路の構成例を示す回路図である。
図8は、アーム回路の具体的構造の他の一例を示す平面図である。図8では、セルブロックCLB1~CLB3およびバイパス回路BCの各々が、電力変換装置の設置面29から垂直方向に積層されるように配置される。
上記のように第1の実施形態の電力変換装置によれば、複数のセル変換器CLを含むセルブロックCLBとバイパス回路BCとを並列接続した構成において、各バイパス回路BCは対応するセルブロックCLBの第1および第2の外部接続端子TP,TN間に接続される。この場合、各セルブロックCLBにおいて、第1の外部接続端子TPに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器CLと第2の外部接続端子TNに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器CLとは、残余のセル変換器CLよりも対応するバイパス回路BCに近接して配置される。これによって、直流回路の短絡事故時に、バイパス回路BCを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスを、セルブロックCLBを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスよりも小さくすることができるともに、複数のセル変換器CLをコンパクトに配置することができる。
[アーム回路の構成]
図9は、第2の実施形態において図1の各アーム回路の構成を示す回路図である。図9のアーム回路の構成は、各バイパス回路BCの接続が図2の第1の実施形態の場合と異なる。
図10は、図9のアーム回路において、直流回路の短絡事故時の循環電流の経路を示す図である。
図11は、図9のアーム回路の具体的構造の一例を示す平面図である。図11の平面図は、第1の実施形態の図4に対応するものであるので、図4と共通する部分については同一の参照符号を付して説明を繰返さない。
上記の第2の実施形態によっても、第1の実施形態の場合と同様に、直流回路の短絡事故時に、バイパス回路BCを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスを、セルブロックCLBを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスよりも小さくすることができるともに、複数のセル変換器CLをコンパクトに配置することができる。
[アーム回路の構成]
図12は、第3の実施形態において図1の各アーム回路の構成を示す回路図である。図12のアーム回路の構成は、各バイパス回路BCの接続が図2の第1の実施形態の場合と異なる。
図13は、図12のアーム回路において、直流回路の短絡事故時の循環電流の経路を示す図である。
図14は、図12のアーム回路の具体的構造の一例を示す平面図である。図14の平面図は、第1の実施形態の図4に対応するものであるので、図4と共通する部分については同一の参照符号を付して説明を繰返さない。
上記の第3の実施形態によれば、直流回路の短絡事故時に、バイパス回路BCを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスを、セルブロックCLBを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスよりも小さくすることができるともに、複数のセル変換器CLをコンパクトに配置することができる。
第4の実施形態では、バイパス回路BCが1個のセルブロックCLBと並列でなく、カスケード接続された複数個のセルブロックCLBと並列に設けられた例について説明する。以下では、バイパス回路BCに対応する複数のセルブロックCLBをセルブロック集合体CBAと称する。
図15は、第4の実施形態において図1の各アーム回路の構成を示す回路図である。図2を参照して、各アーム回路は、高電位側の第1のセルブロック集合体CBA1から低電位側の第mのセルブロック集合体CBAmまでのカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロック集合体CBAを含む。図15の場合、セルブロック集合体CBA1とセルブロック集合体CBA2とが代表的に示されている。各アーム回路は、さらに、m個のセルブロック集合体CBAにそれぞれ対応するm個のバイパス回路BCを含む。m個のバイパス回路BCは、高電位側の第1のバイパス回路BC1から低電位側の第mのバイパス回路BCmから構成され、各バイパス回路BCは対応するセルブロック集合体CBAと電気的に並列に接続されている。
図16は、図15のアーム回路の具体的構造の一例を示す平面図である。図16では、セルブロックCLBごとに6個のセル変換器CL1~CL6が設けられている場合(n=6の場合)が例示的に示されている。以下、第1のセルブロック集合体CBA1を構成する第1および第2のセルブロックCLB1,CLB2とバイパス回路BC1との配置について説明するが、他のセルブロックCLBおよびバイパス回路BCについても同様である。
上記の第4の実施形態によれば、直流回路の短絡事故時に、バイパス回路BCを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスを、セルブロックCLBを経由した循環電流経路のインピーダンスよりも小さくすることができるともに、複数のセル変換器CLをコンパクトに配置することができる。
上記の第1~第4の実施形態では、各セル変換器CLがハーフブリッジ型の場合について説明した。各セルブロックCLBを構成する複数のセル変換器CLは、その全てがフルブリッジ型であってもよいし、その一部がフルブリッジ型であり、残りのセル変換器CLがハーフブリッジ型であってもよい。さらには、各セルブロックCLBを構成する複数のセル変換器CLの一部または全部が以下に示す混合型のセル変換器であってもよい。以下、フルブリッジ型および混合型のセル変換器の場合について補足する。
図17は、フルブリッジ型および混合型セル変換器の構成を示す回路図である。図17(A)がフルブリッジ型の構成を示し、図17(B)が混合型の構成を示す。
図3などで説明したように、直流回路の短絡事故の検出時には、各セル変換器を構成する全ての半導体スイッチング素子がオフ状態となるように制御される。このとき、フルブリッジ型または混合型のセル変換器では、エネルギー蓄積器としてのコンデンサに直流回路の短絡電流が流入するようになる。各セルブロックの約半数以上の変換器セルがフルブリッジ型(または混合型)で構成されている場合には、短絡電流がコンデンサに流入したとしても、これらの変換器セルのコンデンサの電圧が合成されることによって短絡電流の流入を阻止し得るので問題とはならない。しかしながら、各アーム回路に含まれるフルブリッジ型(または混合型)の変換器セルの個数が少ない場合には、直流回路の短絡電流がフルブリッジ型(または混合型)の変換器セルのコンデンサに流入し続け、この結果、コンデンサ電圧が耐圧を超えるとコンデンサが破損するという問題が生じ得る。
Claims (15)
- 直流回路と交流回路との間で電力変換を行う電力変換装置であって、
カスケード接続された複数のセルブロックと、
前記複数のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続された複数のバイパス回路とを備え、
各前記セルブロックは、
他のセルブロックと接続するための高電位側の第1の接続ノードおよび低電位側の第2の接続ノードと、
前記第1および第2の接続ノード間にカスケード接続され、各々がエネルギー蓄積器を含む複数のセル変換器とを含み、
前記直流回路の短絡故障時に低電位側から高電位側の方向に直流電流が流れる場合、前記複数のセルブロックを介した電流経路のインピーダンスは、前記複数のバイパス回路を介した電流経路のインピーダンスよりも大きい、電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換装置は、
前記複数のセルブロックとして、高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記複数のバイパス回路として、前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
前記複数のセル変換器は、3個以上のセル変換器から構成され、
第i番目(iは、1≦i≦mを満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、対応する第i番目のセルブロックの前記第1および第2の接続ノードに接続され、
第i番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器と前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器とは、他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第i番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換装置は、
前記複数のセルブロックとして、高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記複数のバイパス回路として、前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
第j番目(jは、1≦j≦m-1を満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、対応する第j番目のセルブロックの前記第1の接続ノードと、第j+1番目のセルブロックの前記第1の接続ノードとに接続され、
第j番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第j番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置され、
第j+1番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも第j番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電力変換装置は、
前記複数のセルブロックとして、高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記複数のバイパス回路として、前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
第k番目(kは、2≦k≦mを満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、第k-1番目のセルブロックの前記第2の接続ノードと、対応する第k番目のセルブロックの前記第2の接続ノードとに接続され、
第k-1番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第k番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置され、
第k番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも第k番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 各前記セルブロックにおいて前記複数のセル変換器は基板上に設置され、
前記複数のセルブロックのそれぞれの基板は、電力変換装置の設置面にそって水平方向に配置される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 各前記セルブロックにおいて前記複数のセル変換器は基板上に設置され、
前記複数のセルブロックのそれぞれの基板は、電力変換装置の設置面に垂直方向から見て互いに重なるように配置される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 高電位側の第1番目のセルブロック集合体から低電位側の第m番目のセルブロック集合体までからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロック集合体と、
前記m個のセルブロック集合体にそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
各前記セルブロック集合体は、カスケード接続された複数のセルブロックを含み、
各前記セルブロックは、
他のセルブロックと接続するための高電位側の第1の接続ノードおよび低電位側の第2の接続ノードと、
前記第1および第2の接続ノード間にカスケード接続され、各々がエネルギー蓄積器を含む複数のセル変換器とを含み、
第i番目(iは、1≦i≦mを満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、対応する第i番目のセルブロック集合体を構成する複数のセルブロックのうち最も高電位側のセルブロックの前記第1の接続ノードと最も低電位側のセルブロックの前記第2の接続ノードに接続され、
第i番目のセルブロック集合体の前記最も高電位側のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する前記第i番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置され、
第i番目のセルブロック集合体の前記最も低電位側のセルブロックにおいて、前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する前記第i番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、電力変換装置。 - 前記バイパス回路は、高電位側にカソードが接続され、低電位側にアノードが接続されたダイオード素子を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記バイパス回路は、高電位側にカソードが接続され、低電位側にアノードが接続されたサイリスタ素子を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記バイパス回路は、高電位側にエミッタが接続され、低電位側にコレクタが接続された絶縁ゲート側バイポーラトランジスタ素子を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記バイパス回路は、機械式スイッチ素子を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記バイパス回路は、複数の素子が積層されたスタック構造を有する、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
各前記セルブロックは、
他のセルブロックと接続するための高電位側の第1の接続ノードおよび低電位側の第2の接続ノードと、
前記第1および第2の接続ノード間にカスケード接続され、各々がエネルギー蓄積器を含む複数のセル変換器とを含み、
前記複数のセル変換器は、3個以上のセル変換器から構成され、
第i番目(iは、1≦i≦mを満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、対応する第i番目のセルブロックの前記第1および第2の接続ノードに接続され、
第i番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器と前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器とは、他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第i番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、電力変換装置。 - 高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
各前記セルブロックは、
他のセルブロックと接続するための高電位側の第1の接続ノードおよび低電位側の第2の接続ノードと、
前記第1および第2の接続ノード間にカスケード接続され、各々がエネルギー蓄積器を含む複数のセル変換器とを含み、
第j番目(jは、1≦j≦m-1を満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、対応する第j番目のセルブロックの前記第1の接続ノードと、第j+1番目のセルブロックの前記第1の接続ノードとに接続され、
第j番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第j番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置され、
第j+1番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第1の接続ノードに接続された最も高電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも第j番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、電力変換装置。 - 高電位側の第1番目のセルブロックから低電位側の第m番目のセルブロックまでからなるカスケード接続されたm個(mは2以上の整数)のセルブロックと、
前記m個のセルブロックにそれぞれ電気的に並列に接続され、高電位側の第1番目のバイパス回路から低電位側の第m番目のバイパス回路までからなるm個のバイパス回路とを備え、
各前記セルブロックは、
他のセルブロックと接続するための高電位側の第1の接続ノードおよび低電位側の第2の接続ノードと、
前記第1および第2の接続ノード間にカスケード接続され、各々がエネルギー蓄積器を含む複数のセル変換器とを含み、 第k番目(kは、2≦k≦mを満たす任意の整数)のバイパス回路は、第k-1番目のセルブロックの前記第2の接続ノードと、対応する第k番目のセルブロックの前記第2の接続ノードとに接続され、
第k-1番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも対応する第k番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置され、
第k番目のセルブロックにおいて、前記第2の接続ノードに接続された最も低電位側のセル変換器は他の残余のセル変換器よりも第k番目のバイパス回路に近い位置に配置される、電力変換装置。
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EP3439162A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
EP3439162A4 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
JP6548813B2 (ja) | 2019-07-24 |
US20190280614A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
EP3439162B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
US10673352B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
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