WO2017163790A1 - 作業車両の制御装置、作業車両、及び作業車両の制御方法 - Google Patents
作業車両の制御装置、作業車両、及び作業車両の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017163790A1 WO2017163790A1 PCT/JP2017/008018 JP2017008018W WO2017163790A1 WO 2017163790 A1 WO2017163790 A1 WO 2017163790A1 JP 2017008018 W JP2017008018 W JP 2017008018W WO 2017163790 A1 WO2017163790 A1 WO 2017163790A1
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- Prior art keywords
- travel
- work vehicle
- traveling
- dump truck
- travel range
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0274—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0272—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising means for registering the travel distance, e.g. revolutions of wheels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/027—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising intertial navigation means, e.g. azimuth detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0276—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
- G05D1/0278—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0287—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling
- G05D1/0291—Fleet control
- G05D1/0297—Fleet control by controlling means in a control room
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
- B60P1/16—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element actuated by fluid-operated mechanisms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work vehicle control device, a work vehicle, and a work vehicle control method.
- unmanned work vehicles are used for transportation work. After the work vehicle is loaded with a loader at the loading site, the work vehicle travels on the conveyance path to the earth discharging site, and discharges the load at the earth discharging site.
- An aspect of the present invention aims to suppress a decrease in productivity at a work site.
- a course data obtaining unit that obtains course data indicating a traveling condition of the work vehicle including the traveling route, and a preset traveling width based on the traveling route.
- the vehicle travels according to the course data, a travel range data acquisition unit that acquires travel range data indicating the travel range of the work vehicle, a detection data acquisition unit that acquires detection data of a detection device that detects the travel direction of the work vehicle, and A prediction unit that predicts a specified position away from the current position of the work vehicle based on the detection data; a determination unit that determines whether or not the specified position is within the travel range; and
- a control device for a work vehicle comprising: an operation control unit that stops travel of the work vehicle when it is determined that the work vehicle does not exist within the travel range.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a work vehicle management system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dump truck according to the present embodiment as viewed from the rear.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a management device and a control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing course data and travel range data according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of travel range data in the loading field according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a work vehicle management system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dump truck according to the present embodiment as viewed from the rear.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for predicting a specified position according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for predicting a specified position according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a travel width correction method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a travel range after being corrected by the correction unit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a dump truck control method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a dump truck control method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of travel range data in the loading field according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of travel range data in the loading field according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a management system 1 for a work vehicle 2 according to the present embodiment.
- the management system 1 performs operation management of the work vehicle 2.
- the work vehicle 2 is a dump truck 2 that is a transport vehicle capable of traveling in a mine.
- the dump truck 2 travels at least a part of the mine work area PA and the conveyance path HL leading to the work place PA.
- the work place PA includes at least one of a loading place LPA and a dumping place DPA.
- the conveyance path HL includes an intersection IS.
- the dump truck 2 travels according to the course data CD set in the transport path HL and the work place PA.
- the loading area LPA is an area where loading work for loading a load onto the dump truck 2 is performed.
- a loading machine 3 such as a hydraulic excavator is operated.
- the earth removal site DPA is an area where a discharging operation for discharging the load from the dump truck 2 is performed.
- a crusher CR is provided in the earth removal site DPA.
- the management system 1 includes a management device 10 and a communication system 9.
- the management apparatus 10 includes a computer system and is installed in a control facility 7 provided in the mine.
- the communication system 9 performs data communication and signal communication between the management device 10 and the dump truck 2.
- the communication system 9 may include a plurality of repeaters 6 that relay data and signals.
- the management device 10 and the dump truck 2 communicate wirelessly via the communication system 9.
- the dump truck 2 is an unmanned dump truck that travels unattended without being operated by the driver.
- the dump truck 2 travels in the mine based on a command signal from the management device 10.
- the position of the dump truck 2 is detected using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System).
- the global navigation satellite system includes GPS (Global Positioning System).
- the GNSS has a plurality of positioning satellites 5.
- the GNSS detects a position defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude coordinate data.
- the position detected by GNSS is an absolute position defined in the global coordinate system.
- the absolute position of the dump truck 2 in the mine is detected by GNSS.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dump truck 2 according to the present embodiment as viewed from the rear.
- the dump truck 2 includes a vehicle body frame 21, a dump body 22 supported by the vehicle body frame 21, a travel device 23 that travels while supporting the vehicle body frame 21, and a control device 40.
- the traveling device 23 has wheels 25 on which tires 24 are mounted.
- the wheel 25 includes a front wheel 25F and a rear wheel 25R.
- the front wheels 25F are steered by the steering device 33.
- the rear wheel 25R is not steered.
- the wheel 25 rotates about the rotation axis AX.
- a direction parallel to the rotation axis AX of the rear wheel 25R is appropriately referred to as a vehicle width direction
- a traveling direction of the dump truck 2 is appropriately referred to as a front-rear direction
- each of the vehicle width direction and the front-rear direction is appropriately referred to as the vertical direction.
- the front wheel 25F is disposed in front of the rear wheel 25R.
- the front wheels 25F are arranged on both sides in the vehicle width direction.
- the rear wheels 25R are disposed on both sides in the vehicle width direction.
- the dump body 22 is disposed above the vehicle body frame 21.
- the vehicle body frame 21 supports a driving device 31 that generates a driving force for driving the traveling device 23.
- the dump body 22 is a member on which a load is loaded.
- the traveling device 23 has a rear axle 26 that transmits the driving force generated by the driving device 31 to the rear wheel 25R.
- the rear axle 26 includes an axle 27 that supports the rear wheel 25R.
- the rear axle 26 transmits the driving force generated by the driving device 31 to the rear wheel 25R.
- the rear wheel 25R rotates around the rotation axis AX by the driving force supplied from the rear axle 26. Thereby, the traveling device 23 travels.
- the dump truck 2 can move forward and backward.
- Advancing means driving
- Reverse travel means traveling with the rear portion 2R of the dump truck 2 facing the traveling direction.
- the control device 40 controls the dump truck 2.
- the control device 40 can control the dump truck 2 based on a command signal transmitted from the management device 10.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of the management device 10 and the control device 40 according to the present embodiment.
- the management device 10 is installed in the control facility 7.
- the control device 40 is mounted on the dump truck 2.
- the management device 10 and the control device 40 communicate wirelessly via the communication system 9.
- the management device 10 includes a computer system.
- the management device 10 includes an arithmetic processing device 11 including a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device 12 including a memory and storage such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an input device. And an output interface 13.
- arithmetic processing device 11 including a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device 12 including a memory and storage such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an input device.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the management device 10 is connected to the wireless communication device 14.
- the wireless communication device 14 is disposed in the control facility 7.
- the management device 10 communicates with the dump truck 2 via the wireless communication device 14 and the communication system 9.
- the management device 10 is connected to the input device 15 and the output device 16.
- the input device 15 and the output device 16 are installed in the control facility 7.
- the input device 15 includes, for example, at least one of a keyboard for a computer, a mouse, and a touch panel.
- Input data generated by operating the input device 15 is output to the management device 10.
- the output device 16 includes a display device.
- the display device includes a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic EL display (OELD).
- the output device 16 operates based on display data output from the management device 10.
- the output device 16 may be a printing device, for example.
- the arithmetic processing unit 11 includes a course data generation unit 111 and a travel range data generation unit 112.
- the course data generation unit 111 generates course data CD indicating the traveling conditions of the dump truck 2 traveling in the mine.
- the traveling condition of the dump truck 2 includes at least one of the traveling route RP, traveling speed V, acceleration, deceleration, and traveling direction of the dump truck 2. Further, the traveling condition of the dump truck 2 includes at least one of a stop position and a departure position of the dump truck 2.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 generates travel range data AD indicating the travel range TM of the dump truck 2 defined by a preset travel width W with reference to the travel route RP of the dump truck 2.
- the travel route RP is set linearly.
- the travel range TM is set in a belt shape along the travel route RP so as to include the travel route RP.
- the input / output interface 13 outputs the course data CD generated by the course data generation unit 111 to the dump truck 2.
- the input / output interface 13 outputs the travel range data AD generated by the travel range data generation unit 112 to the dump truck 2.
- the input / output interface 13 functions as an output unit that outputs the course data CD and the travel range data AD to the dump truck 2.
- the course data CD and the travel range data AD generated by the arithmetic processing unit 11 are output to the dump truck 2 via the input / output interface 13 and the communication system 9.
- the control device 40 includes a computer system.
- the control device 40 includes an arithmetic processing device 41 including a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device 42 including a memory and storage such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an input device. And an output interface 43.
- arithmetic processing device 41 including a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device 42 including a memory and storage such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an input device.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the control device 40 is connected to the wireless communication device 44.
- the wireless communication device 44 is disposed on the dump truck 2.
- the control device 40 communicates with the management device 10 via the wireless communication device 44 and the communication system 9.
- the control device 40 is connected to the drive device 31, the brake device 32, and the steering device 33.
- the control device 40 is connected to the position detector 34 and the detection device 35.
- the drive device 31, the brake device 32, the steering device 33, the position detector 34, and the detection device 35 are mounted on the dump truck 2.
- the driving device 31 operates to drive the traveling device 23 of the dump truck 2.
- the driving device 31 generates a driving force for driving the traveling device 23.
- the driving device 31 generates a driving force for rotating the rear wheel 25R.
- the drive device 31 includes an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
- the drive device 31 may include a generator that generates electric power by the operation of the internal combustion engine and an electric motor that operates based on the electric power generated by the generator.
- the brake device 32 operates to brake the traveling device 23. By the operation of the brake device 32, the travel of the travel device 23 is decelerated or stopped.
- the steering device 33 operates to steer the traveling device 23 of the dump truck 2.
- the dump truck 2 is steered by the steering device 33.
- the steering device 33 steers the front wheel 25F.
- the position detector 34 detects the absolute position of the dump truck 2.
- the position detector 34 includes a GPS antenna that receives a GPS signal from the positioning satellite 5 and a GPS calculator that calculates the absolute position of the dump truck 2 based on the GPS signal received by the GPS antenna.
- the detection device 35 detects the traveling direction of the dump truck 2.
- the detection device 35 includes a steering angle sensor 35A that detects the steering angle of the dump truck 2 by the steering device 33, and an azimuth angle sensor 35B that detects the azimuth angle of the dump truck 2.
- the steering angle sensor 35A includes, for example, a rotary encoder provided in the steering device 33.
- the azimuth sensor 35B includes, for example, a gyro sensor provided on the vehicle body frame 21.
- the arithmetic processing device 41 includes a course data acquisition unit 411, a travel range data acquisition unit 412, an absolute position data acquisition unit 413, a detection data acquisition unit 414, a prediction unit 415, a determination unit 416, and a correction unit 417. And an operation control unit 418.
- the course data acquisition unit 411 acquires the course data CD generated by the course data generation unit 111 of the management device 10.
- the travel range data acquisition unit 412 acquires the travel range data AD generated by the travel range data generation unit 112 of the management device 10.
- the absolute position data acquisition unit 413 acquires absolute position data indicating the absolute position of the dump truck 2 from the position detector 34.
- the position detector 34 detects the absolute position of the GPS antenna provided in the dump truck 2.
- the absolute position data acquisition unit 413 calculates absolute position data indicating the absolute position of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 based on the absolute position of the GPS antenna detected by the position detector 34.
- the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 is the central part of the axle 27 in the vehicle width direction.
- the relative position between the GPS antenna and the specific part AP is known data that can be derived from design data or specification data of the dump truck 2, for example, and is stored in the storage device 42.
- the absolute position data acquisition unit 413 is based on the absolute position of the GPS antenna detected by the position detector 34 and the relative position between the GPS antenna and the specific part AP stored in the storage device 42. Absolute position data indicating the absolute position of the specific part AP can be calculated.
- the detection data acquisition unit 414 acquires the detection data of the detection device 35 that has detected the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 from the detection device 35.
- the detection data includes steering angle data detected by the steering angle sensor 35A and azimuth angle data detected by the azimuth angle sensor 35B.
- the detection data acquisition unit 414 acquires the steering angle data from the steering angle sensor 35A, and acquires the azimuth angle data from the azimuth angle sensor 35B.
- the prediction unit 415 predicts a specified position FP away from the current position NP of the dump truck 2 traveling according to the course data CD based on the detection data.
- the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 refers to the position of the dump truck 2 after the dump truck 2 travels the specified distance L from the current position NP of the dump truck 2 at the time when the detection data is acquired.
- the specified distance L is 3 [m], for example.
- the prediction unit 415 predicts the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 after traveling 3 [m] from the current position NP based on the detection data acquired when the dump truck 2 exists at the current position NP.
- the determination unit 416 determines whether or not the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 is within the travel range TM. That is, the determination unit 416 determines whether the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 predicted by the prediction unit 415 is within the travel range TM specified by the travel range data AD acquired by the travel range data acquisition unit 412. Determine whether.
- the correction unit 417 corrects the travel width W defined by the travel range data AD based on the azimuth angle data acquired by the detection data acquisition unit 414.
- the driving control unit 418 outputs a driving control signal for controlling at least one of the drive device 31, the brake device 32, and the steering device 33 of the dump truck 2 based on the course data CD acquired by the course data acquisition unit 411. To do.
- the driving control signal includes an accelerator signal output to the drive device 31, a brake command signal output to the brake device 32, and a steering command signal output to the steering device 33.
- the operation control unit 418 stops the traveling of the dump truck 2 when it is determined that the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 predicted by the prediction unit 415 does not exist within the traveling range TM.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the course data CD and the travel range data AD according to the present embodiment.
- the course data CD defines the running conditions of the dump truck 2.
- the traveling condition of the dump truck 2 includes at least one of the traveling route RP, traveling speed V, acceleration, deceleration, and traveling direction of the dump truck 2.
- the course data CD includes a set of a plurality of course points PI set at a constant interval G.
- Each of the plurality of course points PI includes the absolute position data of the dump truck 2, the traveling speed data of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set, and the traveling of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set.
- Direction data is the absolute position data of the dump truck 2, the traveling speed data of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set, and the traveling of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set.
- the travel route RP of the dump truck 2 is defined by the trajectory passing through the plurality of course points PI.
- the travel route RP is set linearly. Based on the traveling speed data, the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set is defined. Based on the traveling direction data, the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 at the position where the course point PI is set is defined.
- the travel route RP defined by the course point PI is a target travel route.
- the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2 defined by the course point PI is a target traveling speed.
- the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 defined by the course point PI is the target traveling direction.
- the dump truck 2 travels through the mine according to the course data CD.
- the dump truck 2 travels in the mine so that the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 moves along the travel route RP.
- the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 is the central part of the axle 27 in the vehicle width direction.
- the travel range data AD defines the travel range TM of the dump truck 2 that is defined by a preset travel width W with the travel route RP of the dump truck 2 as a reference.
- the travel range TM includes a travel route RP and is set in a belt shape along the travel route RP.
- the travel route RP is defined at the center of the travel range TM. That is, in the width direction of the travel range TM, the distance Wr between the travel route RP and one end Er of the travel range TM and the distance Wl between the travel route RP and the other end El of the travel range TM are substantially Are equal.
- travel route RP may be defined at a position deviating from the center of travel range TM.
- the operation control unit 418 controls the traveling device 23 based on the absolute position data detected by the position detector 34 so as to travel in a state where the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 and the traveling route RP coincide with each other.
- the operation control unit 418 determines based on the absolute position data detected by the position detector 34 that the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 has moved out of the travel route RP and moved outside the travel range TM, The traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped.
- the dump truck 2 runs on the rough road surface of the mine.
- a travel range TM that allows the dump truck 2 to travel even if the specific part AP deviates from the travel route RP is set. Even when the specific part AP deviates from the travel route RP, the operation control unit 418 continues the travel of the dump truck 2 when it is disposed in the travel range TM. On the other hand, when the specific part AP deviating from the travel route RP is disposed outside the travel range TM, it is determined that the dump truck 2 has gone out of the course. When it is determined that the dump truck 2 has gone out of course, the operation control unit 418 stops the traveling of the dump truck 2.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 can adjust the travel width W of the travel range TM.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 adjusts the travel width W based on the mine area.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 sets a large travel width W in an area that is allowed even if the deviation amount between the specific part AP and the travel route RP is large, and sets the deviation amount between the specific part AP and the travel route RP. In an area that needs to be reduced, a small traveling width W is set.
- the traveling range data generation unit 112 sets the traveling width W based on obstacles existing around the traveling dump truck 2, for example.
- the course data generation unit 111 sets the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2 based on the allowable travel width W.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 sets a large travel width W.
- the course data generation unit 111 increases the travel speed V of the dump truck 2.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 sets a small travel width W.
- the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2 is high, there is a high possibility that the deviation amount between the specific part AP and the traveling route RP becomes large. Therefore, when the traveling width W is small, if the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2 is increased, the frequency at which it is determined that the course is out increases, and the productivity of the mine decreases. Accordingly, in the travel range TM in which the small travel range W is set to suppress contact between the dump truck 2 and the obstacle, the course data generation unit 111 decreases the travel speed V of the dump truck 2.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the travel range data AD in the loading area LPA according to the present embodiment.
- the dump truck 2 switches back and approaches the loader 3.
- the switchback is an operation in which the advancing dump truck 2 moves backward with a sharp change of the traveling direction.
- the course data CD defines a switchback point SBP at the loading site LPA.
- the dump truck 2 that has entered the loading site LPA switches back at the switchback point SBP and approaches the loader 3 while moving backward.
- the course data CD defines the loading point LPP at the loading site LPA.
- the loading point LPP is a position where the loading machine 3 can load a load on the dump truck 2.
- the dump truck 2 moves to the loading point LPP while moving backward. After the dump truck 2 is arranged at the loading point LPP, the load is loaded onto the dump truck 2 by the loader 3.
- the travel range TM is defined based on the travel route RP.
- the travel range TM defined in the loading field LPA is defined by a first travel range TM1 defined by the first travel width W1 and a second travel width W2 smaller than the first travel width W1. Second traveling range TM2.
- the second traveling range TM2 includes a loading point LPP on which a load is loaded on the dump truck 2.
- the dump truck 2 travels from the first travel range TM1 to the second travel range TM2.
- the dump truck 2 approaches the loading point LPP set in the second travel range TM2 while moving backward in the first travel range TM1.
- the loading machine 3 is arranged on the outer side in the width direction of the second traveling range TM2.
- the second travel width TM2 is set based on the size of the loader 3 that loads the load on the dump truck 2.
- the loading machine 3 includes a lower traveling body 301, an upper swing body 302 supported by the lower traveling body 301, and a work machine 303 supported by the upper swing body 302 so as to be movable.
- the work machine 303 includes a boom, an arm, and a bucket.
- the loading point LPP is set inside the turning radius of the work machine 303.
- the second travel width W2 is small, even when the specific part AP slightly deviates from the travel route RP, it is determined that the course is out, the travel of the dump truck 2 is frequently stopped, and the mine productivity is lowered.
- the dump truck 2 moving to the loading point LPP does not come into contact with the upper swing body 302 or the lower traveling body 301 of the loader 3 and the mine productivity is not lowered.
- the second traveling width W2 is defined.
- the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 in the second traveling range TM2 is equal to or lower than the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1.
- the loader 3 can be regarded as an obstacle of the dump truck 2.
- the possibility that the dump truck 2 traveling in the first travel range TM1 and the loader 3 are in contact with each other is low. Therefore, by increasing the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1, a decrease in mine productivity is suppressed. Further, when the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 traveling on the rough road surface of the mine increases, there is a high possibility that the deviation amount between the specific part AP and the traveling route RP increases.
- the specific portion AP is suppressed from moving outside the first travel range TM1. Thereby, the frequency determined to be course-out is reduced, and the traveling of the dump truck 2 is suppressed from being frequently stopped. Therefore, a decrease in mine productivity is suppressed.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 decreases the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2. Thereby, possibility that the dump truck 2 and the loader 3 will contact is suppressed. Since the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 is small, if the dump truck 2 moves backward at the travel speed V1 in the second travel range TM2, there is a possibility that the specific part AP will be out of the second travel range TM2. Becomes higher.
- the frequency of being determined to be out of the course increases, the traveling of the dump truck 2 is frequently stopped, and the productivity of the mine is reduced.
- the second traveling range TM2 defined by the small second traveling width W2 by reducing the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 from the traveling speed V1, the frequency of being determined to be out of course is reduced. It is suppressed that driving
- FIG. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of the control device 40 according to the present embodiment.
- the prediction unit 415 predicts the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 that travels according to the course data CD in the loading field LPA based on the detection data of the detection device 35. In the present embodiment, the prediction unit 415 predicts the specified position FP of the specific part AP set in the dump truck 2 that moves backward toward the loading point LPP.
- the specified position FP of the specific part AP is defined by the dump truck 2 from the current position NP of the specific part AP when the detection data acquisition unit 414 acquires the detection data of the traveling direction of the dump truck 2.
- the position of the specific part AP after traveling the distance L is said.
- the specified distance L is 3 [m].
- the predicting unit 415 performs the operation after the dump truck 2 travels by 3 [m] based on the detection data of the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 acquired when the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 passes the current position NP.
- the specified position FP of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 is predicted.
- the interval G between the course points PI is 1 [m].
- the predicting unit 415 determines the three courses ahead based on the detection data of the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 acquired when the specific part AP passes the course point PI0 that is the current position NP.
- the specified position FP of the specific part AP that passes through the point PI3 is predicted.
- the passage of the specific part AP through the course point PI (PI0, PI3) is not only that the specific part AP and the course point PI completely match, but also in the traveling direction of the dump truck 2. It also includes that the absolute position of the specific part AP substantially matches the absolute position of the course point PI.
- the predicting unit 415 determines the second travel range TM2 and the specified position FP of the specific part AP based on the detection data of the travel direction of the dump truck 2 acquired when the dump truck 2 travels in the first travel range TM1. Predict the relative position.
- the determination unit 416 determines whether or not the specified position FP of the specific part AP predicted by the prediction unit 415 is within the second travel range TM2.
- the course point PI3 is the course point PI closest to the first traveling range TM1 among the plurality of course points PI defined in the second traveling range TM2.
- the determination unit 416 determines whether or not the specified position FP of the specific part AP predicted based on the detection data acquired when the dump truck 2 is traveling in the first traveling range TM1 is present in the second traveling range TM2. Determine whether.
- the operation control unit 418 determines that the specified position FP of the specific part AP predicted based on the detection data acquired when the dump truck 2 is traveling in the first travel range TM1 does not exist in the second travel range TM2. When judged, the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped.
- the control device 40 determines whether or not the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 will go out of the second traveling range TM2 in the future. Predict.
- the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 is smaller than the first travel width W1 of the first travel range TM1. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, in a state where the specific part AP is located at the end El in the width direction of the first travel range TM1, when the dump truck 2 moves straight back, the specified position FP of the specific part AP is It is predicted that it is disposed outside the second travel range TM2. In this case, the dump truck 2 approaches the loader 3 and is likely to come into contact with the loader 3.
- the specified position FP of the specific part AP Is estimated to be arranged outside the second travel range TM2. Also in this case, the dump truck 2 approaches the loader 3 and is likely to come into contact with the loader 3.
- the dump truck 2 when the dump truck 2 is traveling in the first travel range TM1, it is predicted whether or not the specified position FP exists in the second travel range TM2, and the specified position FP is determined in the second travel range TM1.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped before the specific part AP leaves the first traveling range TM1. Thereby, contact with dump truck 2 and loader 3 is prevented beforehand.
- the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 in the second traveling range TM2 is equal to or lower than the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1. Therefore, when it is determined that the specific part AP has gone out of the second traveling range TM2 after the dump truck 2 enters the second traveling range TM2, the traveling of the dump truck 2 stops after the dump truck 2 starts traveling at a low speed. Will be. As a result, the time until it is determined to be out of course is prolonged, and the productivity of the mine is reduced.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped early, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in mine productivity.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams for explaining the prediction method of the specified position FP according to the present embodiment.
- the wheel base of the dump truck is l [m]
- the steering angle is ⁇ [rad]
- the turning radius of the dump truck 2 with reference to the specific part AP defined at the center part of the axle 27 supporting the rear wheel 25R is R [ m]
- the turning radius R is calculated based on the equation (1).
- the change amount dh [rad] in the direction of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 has the same dimension as the specified distance L with respect to the turning radius R. It is equal to the inner angle when arcing. That is, the change amount dh is calculated based on the equation (2).
- the longitudinal direction in the vehicle body coordinate system defined for the dump truck 2 is the X-axis direction
- the vehicle width direction in the vehicle body coordinate system defined for the dump truck 2 is the Y-axis direction
- the forward direction of the dump truck 2 is the + X direction.
- the left direction of the dump truck 2 is the + Y direction
- the change amount dx [m] in the X-axis direction and the change amount dy [ m] is calculated based on the equations (3) and (4), respectively.
- the left side of the steering angle ⁇ is a positive value.
- the amount of change dx is a coordinate in the X-axis direction of the specified position FP with reference to the current position NP of the specific part AP
- the amount of change dy is the Y axis of the specified position FP with reference to the current position NP of the specific part AP. It is a coordinate of direction.
- the specified position FP of the specific part AP after moving backward by the specified distance L can be calculated as the sum of the linear equations of the angle ⁇ and the steering angle ⁇ .
- the correction unit 417 corrects the traveling width W based on the azimuth angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of correcting the travel width W according to the present embodiment.
- the dump truck 2 rotates by an angle ⁇ from the X axis of the vehicle body coordinate system.
- the dump truck 2 protrudes in the Y axis direction from the state before the rotation by the amount dy k .
- the protrusion amount dy k is calculated based on the equation (8).
- l ( ⁇ ) is the Y from the specific part AP when the dump truck 2 is rotated by the angle ⁇ about the specific part AP to the part HP where the dump truck 2 protrudes most in the Y-axis direction. This is the distance in the axial direction, and is calculated based on equation (9).
- ⁇ is an angle formed by a straight line connecting the specific portion AP of the dump truck 2 before rotation and the partial HP and the X axis.
- the distance between the specific part AP and the partial HP is R k
- the distance R k is calculated based on the equation (11).
- the protrusion amount dy k is calculated based on the equation (12).
- the correction unit 417 includes an angle ⁇ indicating the amount of rotation of the dump truck 2 that changes based on the steering angle ⁇ , and dimension data of the dump truck 2 that can be derived from design data or specification data of the dump truck 2. Based on the distance b and the vehicle width w, the protrusion amount dy k is calculated. The correcting unit 417 corrects the traveling width W based on the calculated protrusion amount dy k .
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the travel range TM after being corrected by the correction unit 417 according to the present embodiment.
- the specified position FP changes based on the steering angle ⁇ .
- the traveling width W changes based on the protrusion amount dy k .
- the travel range data generation unit 112 generates a first travel range TM1 having a constant first travel width W1 and generates a second travel range TM2 having a constant second travel width W2. .
- the correcting unit 417 corrects the first traveling width W1 of the first traveling range TM1 generated by the traveling range data generating unit 112 and acquired by the traveling range data acquiring unit 412 based on the protrusion amount dy k . Further, the correction unit 417 corrects the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 generated by the travel range data generation unit 112 and acquired by the travel range data acquisition unit 412 based on the protrusion amount dy k . In the present embodiment, the correction unit 417 performs correction to reduce the protrusion amount dy k from the first travel width W1 of the first travel range TM1 acquired by the travel range data acquisition unit 412.
- the correction unit 417 performs correction to reduce the protrusion amount dy k from the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 acquired by the travel range data acquisition unit 412. That is, the travel range data acquiring unit 412 first travel width W1 after subtracting the protrusion amount dy k from the first carriage width W1 obtained in is first running the width W1a corrected. Running range data acquiring unit 412 second running width W2 after subtracting the protrusion amount dy k from the second running width W2 acquired by is the second traveling width W2a corrected.
- the operation control unit 418 controls the traveling of the dump truck 2 based on the first traveling range TM1 and the second traveling range TM2 corrected by the correcting unit 417.
- the operation control unit 418 stops the travel of the dump truck 2.
- the determination unit 416 determines whether or not the specified position FP of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 exists in the second travel range TM2 after being corrected by the correction unit 417.
- the operation control unit 418 stops the traveling of the dump truck 2 when it is determined that the specified position FP of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 does not exist in the second traveling range TM2 after being corrected by the correcting unit 417.
- the contact between the dump truck 2 and the loader 3 is effectively suppressed.
- the specific part AP exists in the travel range TM, it is not considered that the course has gone out, and the dump truck 2 can move backward.
- the dump truck 2 does not move backward in a straight line state and moves backward while turning slightly, even when the specific part AP exists in the traveling range TM, at least a part of the dump truck 2 and the loader 3 , The dump truck 2 and the loader 3 may come into contact with each other.
- the correction unit 417 performs correction for reducing the traveling width W based on the protrusion amount dy k .
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for controlling the dump truck 2 according to the present embodiment.
- a method for controlling the dump truck 2 when moving the dump truck 2 backward and approaching the loading point LPP will be described.
- the course data generation unit 111 of the management device 10 generates course data CD indicating the traveling conditions of the dump truck 2 including the traveling route RP.
- the travel range data generation unit 112 of the management device 10 includes the first travel range TM1 and the travel route RP of the dump truck 2 defined by the first preset travel width W1 based on the travel route RP. 2) Travel range data AD indicating the second travel range TM2 of the dump truck 2 defined by the travel width W2 is generated.
- the course data CD and the travel range data AD generated by the management device 10 are transmitted to the control device 40 of the dump truck 2 via the communication system 9.
- the course data acquisition unit 411 of the control device 40 acquires the course data CD transmitted from the management device 10.
- the travel range data acquisition unit 412 of the control device 40 acquires the travel range data AD transmitted from the management device 10 (step S10).
- the absolute position of the dump truck 2 traveling according to the course data CD is detected by the position detector 34.
- Absolute position data indicating the absolute position of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 is acquired by the absolute position data acquisition unit 413 of the control device 40.
- the driving control unit 418 feedback-controls the steering device 33 based on the absolute position data of the specific part AP so that the dump truck 2 travels while the specific part AP and the travel route RP match.
- the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 traveling according to the course data CD is detected by the detection device 35.
- the detection data of the detection device 35 that has detected the traveling direction of the dump truck 2 is acquired by the detection data acquisition unit 414 of the control device 40 (step S20).
- the detection data of the detection device 35 includes detection data of the steering angle sensor 35A that detects the steering angle ⁇ of the dump truck 2, and detection data of the azimuth angle sensor 35B that detects the azimuth angle ⁇ of the dump truck 2. Based on the detection data of the detection device 35, the operation control unit 418 performs feedback control of the steering device 33 so that the dump truck 2 travels while the specific part AP and the travel route RP match.
- the driving control unit 418 performs feedback control of the steering device 33 based on the deviation between the specific part AP and the travel route RP.
- the feedback gain is K
- the amount of change in the Y-axis direction of the specified position FP of the specific part AP after moving backward from the current position NP by the specified distance L is dy
- the amount of change in the rotation amount of the dump truck 2 is d ⁇
- a control amount ⁇ FB for controlling the steering device 33 is calculated based on the equation (13).
- the prescribed distance L used for prediction in the prediction unit 415 and the prescribed distance L used in equation (13) may be the same value or different values.
- the specific part AP and the travel route RP can be matched with high accuracy.
- the prediction unit 415 predicts the specified position FP of the specific part AP set in the dump truck 2 traveling according to the course data CD based on the detection data (step S30).
- the determination unit 416 determines that the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 moving backward toward the loading point LPP has the prescribed course point PI0 described with reference to FIGS. It is determined whether it has passed (step S40).
- step S40 when it is determined that the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 going backward does not pass the prescribed course point PI0 (step S40: No), the control device 40 returns to the process of step S10.
- step S40 when it is determined that the specific part AP of the reverse dump truck 2 has passed the prescribed course point PI0 (step S40: Yes), the determination unit 416 determines the specific part AP predicted by the prediction unit 415. It is determined whether or not the specified position FP exists in the second travel range TM2 (step S50).
- Step S50 when it is determined that the specified position FP of the specific part AP of the reverse dump truck 2 exists in the second traveling range TM2 (Step S50: Yes), the control device 40 returns to the process of Step S10. That is, when it is determined that the specified position FP of the specific part AP exists in the second travel range TM2, the reverse movement of the dump truck 2 toward the loading point LPP is continued.
- Step S50 when it is determined that the specified position FP of the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 that moves backward does not exist in the second traveling range TM2 (Step S50: No), the operation control unit 418 performs the traveling of the dump truck 2. Stop (step S60). Thereby, it is suppressed that the dump truck 2 contacts the loader 3.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for controlling the dump truck 2 when resuming the traveling of the dump truck 2 after traveling stop according to the present embodiment.
- the driver of the loader 3 operates an operation device provided in the loader 3.
- a command signal for instructing generation of new course data and a command signal for instructing restart of traveling of the dump truck 2 are generated.
- a command signal generated by operating the operating device is transmitted to the management device 10 via the communication system 9.
- the course data generation unit 111 of the management apparatus 10 generates new course data CDn. Further, the travel range data generation unit 112 of the management device 10 generates new travel range data ADn.
- the new course data CDn and the new travel range data ADn generated by the management device 10 are transmitted to the control device 40 of the dump truck 2 via the communication system 9.
- the course data acquisition unit 411 of the control device 40 acquires new course data CDn transmitted from the management device 10.
- the travel range data acquisition unit 412 of the control device 40 acquires new travel range data ADn transmitted from the management device 10 (step S70).
- the course data CD acquired in step S10 is different from the new course data CDn acquired in step S70.
- the travel range data AD acquired in step S10 is different from the new travel range data ADn acquired in step S70.
- the new course data CDn includes a new travel route RPn different from the travel route RP defined by the course data CD.
- the new travel range data ADn includes a new second travel range TM2n different from the second travel range TM2 defined by the travel range data AD.
- the new second travel range TM2n is set in a belt shape along the new travel route RPn so as to include the new travel route RPn.
- the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 is equal to the second travel width W2n of the new second travel range TM2n.
- the operation control unit 418 restarts the traveling of the dump truck 2 based on the new course data CDn acquired by the course data acquisition unit 411.
- the new course data CDn includes a traveling condition in which the dump truck 2 moves forward after moving forward.
- the operation control unit 418 once advances the stopped dump truck 2 (step S90).
- the operation control unit 418 moves the dump truck 2 backward toward the loading point LPP after the dump truck 2 moves forward (step S80).
- the new travel route RPn when the dump truck 2 defined by the new course data CDn is moved backward is different from the travel route RP when the dump truck 2 defined by the course data CD is moved backward.
- a new travel route RPn is defined so that the dump truck 2 moves straight back toward the loading point LPP.
- the loading operation of loading the dump truck 2 with the loader 3 is performed.
- the dump truck 2 loaded with the load leaves the loading point LPP.
- the course data acquisition unit 411 that acquires the course data CD that indicates the traveling condition of the dump truck 2 including the traveling route RP, and the preset based on the traveling route RP are set.
- a detection that acquires detection data of a driving range data acquisition unit 412 that acquires the driving range data AD indicating the driving range TM of the dump truck 2 defined by the driving width W, and a detection device 35 that detects the driving direction of the dump truck 2
- a data acquisition unit 414, a prediction unit 415 that predicts the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 that travels according to the course data CD based on the detection data, and a determination that determines whether or not the specified position FP exists within the travel range TM
- Driving that stops the dump truck 2 when it is determined that the part 416 and the specified position FP do not exist within the travel range TM
- the control unit 418 is provided.
- the travel range TM includes the first travel range TM1 defined by the first travel width W1 and the second travel range W2 defined by the second travel width W2 smaller than the first travel width W1. Including TM2.
- the dump truck 2 travels from the first travel range TM1 to the second travel range TM2.
- the operation control unit 418 determines that the specified position FP predicted based on the detected data does not exist in the second travel range TM2.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped. Thereby, when an obstacle exists around the second travel range TM2, the contact between the dump truck 2 and the obstacle is suppressed.
- the second traveling range TM2 includes a loading point LPP on which a load is loaded on the dump truck 2. Thereby, contact with dump truck 2 and loader 3 which run toward loading point LPP is controlled.
- the second traveling width W2 is set based on the size of the loader 3. Thereby, contact with dump truck 2 and loader 3 is controlled effectively. Moreover, since the dump truck 2 arrange
- the traveling condition of the dump truck 2 defined by the course data CD includes the traveling speed V of the dump truck 2.
- the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 in the second traveling range TM2 is equal to or lower than the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1.
- the possibility that the dump truck 2 traveling in the first travel range TM1 and the loader 3 are in contact with each other is low. Therefore, by increasing the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1, a decrease in mine productivity is suppressed.
- the first travel width W1 of the first travel range TM1 is large, even if the travel speed V1 of the dump truck 2 is high, the possibility that the specific portion AP moves outside the first travel range TM1 is suppressed. The Thereby, the frequency determined to be course-out is reduced, and the traveling of the dump truck 2 is suppressed from being frequently stopped.
- the second travel range TM2 close to the loader 3 there is a high possibility that the dump truck 2 traveling in the second travel range TM2 and the loader 3 are in contact with each other.
- the dump truck when the deviation amount between the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 and the travel route RP is increased by reducing the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2, the dump truck is immediately determined to be out of course. Therefore, the contact between the dump truck 2 and the loader 3 can be prevented. Moreover, if the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 traveling in the second traveling range TM2 is increased, the possibility that the specific part AP moves to the outside of the second traveling range TM2 increases. As a result, the frequency at which it is determined that the course is out increases, and the traveling of the dump truck 2 is frequently stopped. As a result, the productivity of the mine is lowered.
- the front wheel 25F of the dump truck 2 is steered by the steering device 33, and the center position of the axle 27 that supports the rear wheel 25R of the reverse dump truck 2 is set as the specified position FP of the dump truck 2.
- the specified position FP of the specified specific site AP is predicted. Thereby, the load of the calculation process in prediction of specific site
- the traveling width W is corrected based on the protrusion amount dy k calculated from the steering angle ⁇ and the dimensions of the dump truck 2.
- correction is performed to reduce the protrusion amount dy k from the travel width W of the travel range TM acquired by the travel range data acquisition unit 412. That is, when the protrusion amount dy k is large, the traveling width W is small.
- the traveling width W is reduced to limit the traveling of the dump truck 2, whereby the contact between the dump truck 2 and the obstacle can be more effectively suppressed.
- the operation control unit 418 stops the traveling of the dump truck 2 when it is determined that the specified position FP of the reversely traveling dump truck 2 does not exist within the traveling range TM, and the course data acquisition unit Based on the new course data CDn acquired at 411, the traveling of the dump truck 2 is resumed.
- the new course data CDn includes a traveling condition in which the dump truck 2 is moved forward after being moved forward.
- the course data CD in which the dump truck 2 has failed to enter the loading point LPP is updated to new course data CDn different from the course data CD.
- the loader 3 is present on the end El side of the traveling range TM.
- the traveling range TM including one loading point LPP In the traveling range TM including the other loading point LPP, the loading machine 3 is present on the end Er side.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 approaching one loading point LPP is arranged outside the end El
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 is stopped and approaching the other loading point LPP. Even when loading on both sides is performed by stopping the traveling of the dump truck 2 when it is predicted that the specific part AP of the dump truck 2 to be disposed is outside the end Er, Contact with the inserter 3 is prevented.
- the first travel width W1 of the first travel range TM1 and the second travel width W2 of the second travel range TM2 generated by the management device 10 are changed in steps.
- the second travel width W may change in a slope shape at the boundary between the first travel range TM1 and the second travel range TM2 generated by the management device 10.
- the specified position FP is predicted when the dump truck 2 enters the loading point LPP.
- the specified position FP may be predicted when the dump truck 2 enters the discharge point where the discharge operation of the dump truck 2 is performed.
- the second travel range TM2 is set so as to include the discharge point, and the specified position FP predicted based on the detection data acquired when the dump truck 2 travels in the first travel range TM1 toward the discharge point.
- the traveling of the dump truck 2 may be stopped when it is determined that does not exist in the second traveling range TM2.
- the prediction unit 415 applies the dump truck 2 after traveling the specified distance L from the current position NP based on the detection data acquired when the dump truck 2 exists at the current position NP.
- the specified position FP of the set specific part AP was predicted.
- the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 may be the position of the specific part AP set in the dump truck 2 after a specified time has elapsed from when the detection data is acquired.
- the prediction unit 415 may predict the specified position FP of the dump truck 2 at a future time point after a specified time has elapsed from the current time point, based on detection data acquired at the current time point.
- the traveling width W of the traveling range TM may not be corrected by the correcting unit 417.
- the specific part AP for which the specified position FP is predicted may not be the center part of the axle 27, for example, the center part of the axle supporting the front wheel 25F of the dump truck 2, One part of the body frame 21 of the truck 2 may be used.
- the traveling speed V2 of the dump truck 2 in the second traveling range TM2 may be lower than the traveling speed V1 of the dump truck 2 in the first traveling range TM1.
- the traveling range TM includes two traveling ranges TM1 and TM2 having different traveling widths W.
- the traveling range TM may include three or more traveling ranges TM having different traveling widths W.
- the traveling width W of the traveling range TM may be a single width.
- the dump truck 2 is an unmanned dump truck.
- the dump truck 2 may be a manned dump truck that travels according to an operation of a driver who has boarded the dump truck 2.
- At least some components of the control device 40 may be provided in the management device 10. That is, part of the functions of the course data acquisition unit 411, the travel range data acquisition unit 412, the absolute position data acquisition unit 413, the detection data acquisition unit 414, the prediction unit 415, the determination unit 416, the correction unit 417, and the operation control unit 418. Alternatively, all may be included in the management device 10 provided in the control facility 7.
- the detection data of the position detector 34 and the detection device 35 provided in the dump truck 2 is transmitted to the management device 10 via the communication system 9, so that the management device 10 is in accordance with the above-described embodiment.
- a control signal for controlling the operation of the dump truck 2 can be generated. By transmitting the control signal generated by the management device 10 to the dump truck 2 via the communication system 9, the dump truck 2 can travel according to the above-described embodiment.
- the work vehicle used in the mine has been described as an example.
- the component demonstrated by the above-mentioned embodiment may be applied to the work vehicle used in the work site different from a mine.
- the work vehicle may not be the dump truck 2, and may be a work vehicle capable of performing a loading operation such as a wheel loader.
- SYMBOLS 1 Management system, 2 ... Dump truck (work vehicle), 2F ... Front part, 2R ... Rear part, 3 ... Loading machine, 5 ... Positioning satellite, 6 ... Repeater, 7 ... Control facility, 9 ... Communication system, 10 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Management device, 11 ... Processing unit, 12 ... Storage device, 13 ... Input / output interface, 14 ... Wireless communication device, 15 ... Input device, 16 ... Output device, 21 ... Body frame, 22 ... Dump body, 23 ... Running Device: 24 ... Tire, 25 ... Wheel, 25F ... Front wheel, 25R ... Rear wheel, 26 ... Rear axle, 27 ...
- Control device 41 Arithmetic processing device 42 Storage device 43 Input / output interface 44 Wireless device 111 Coaster Data generation unit, 112 ... travel range data generation unit, 301 ... lower traveling body, 302 ... upper turning body, 303 ... work machine, 411 ... course data acquisition unit, 412 ... travel range data acquisition unit, 413 ... absolute position data acquisition 414 ... detection data acquisition unit 415 ... prediction unit 416 ... determination unit 417 ... correction unit 418 ... operation control unit AD ... running range data AP ... specific part CD ...
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係る作業車両2の管理システム1について説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る作業車両2の管理システム1の一例を模式的に示す図である。管理システム1は、作業車両2の運行管理を実施する。本実施形態において、作業車両2は、鉱山を走行可能な運搬車両であるダンプトラック2である。
次に、本実施形態に係るダンプトラック2について説明する。図2は、本実施形態に係るダンプトラック2を後方から見た斜視図である。図2に示すように、ダンプトラック2は、車体フレーム21と、車体フレーム21に支持されるダンプボディ22と、車体フレーム21を支持して走行する走行装置23と、制御装置40とを備える。
次に、本実施形態に係る管理装置10及び制御装置40について説明する。図3は、本実施形態に係る管理装置10及び制御装置40の一例を示す機能ブロック図である。管理装置10は、管制施設7に設置される。制御装置40は、ダンプトラック2に搭載される。管理装置10と制御装置40とは、通信システム9を介して無線通信する。
次に、本実施形態に係るコースデータCD及び走行範囲データADについて説明する。図4は、本実施形態に係るコースデータCD及び走行範囲データADを模式的に示す図である。
次に、本実施形態に係る積込場LPAにおける走行範囲データADについて説明する。図5は、本実施形態に係る積込場LPAにおける走行範囲データADの一例を模式的に示す図である。
次に、本実施形態に係る制御装置40の動作の一例について説明する。図6及び図7は、本実施形態に係る制御装置40の動作を説明するための模式図である。
次に、本実施形態に係る規定位置FPの予測方法について説明する。図8及び図9は、本実施形態に係る規定位置FPの予測方法を説明するための模式図である。
本実施形態において、補正部417は、方位角θに基づいて走行幅Wを補正する。図10は、本実施形態に係る走行幅Wの補正方法を説明するための模式図である。
次に、本実施形態に係るダンプトラック2の制御方法の一例について説明する。図12は、本実施形態に係るダンプトラック2の制御方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。本実施形態においては、ダンプトラック2を後進させながら積込点LPPに接近させるときのダンプトラック2の制御方法について説明する。
以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、走行経路RPを含むダンプトラック2の走行条件を示すコースデータCDを取得するコースデータ取得部411と、走行経路RPを基準とする予め設定された走行幅Wで規定されるダンプトラック2の走行範囲TMを示す走行範囲データADを取得する走行範囲データ取得部412と、ダンプトラック2の走行方向を検出した検出装置35の検出データを取得する検出データ取得部414と、コースデータCDに従って走行するダンプトラック2の規定位置FPを検出データに基づいて予測する予測部415と、規定位置FPが走行範囲TM内に存在するか否かを判定する判定部416と、規定位置FPが走行範囲TM内に存在しないと判定されたときにダンプトラック2の走行を停止させる運転制御部418とが設けられる。これにより、コースデータCDに従って走行するダンプトラック2の走行範囲TMの周辺に障害物が存在するとき、ダンプトラック2と障害物との接触が抑制される。したがって、作業現場の生産性の低下が抑制される。
Claims (8)
- 走行経路を含む作業車両の走行条件を示すコースデータを取得するコースデータ取得部と、
前記走行経路を基準とする予め設定された走行幅で規定される前記作業車両の走行範囲を示す走行範囲データを取得する走行範囲データ取得部と、
前記作業車両の走行方向を検出した検出装置の検出データを取得する検出データ取得部と、
前記コースデータに従って走行する前記作業車両の現在位置から離れた規定位置を前記検出データに基づいて予測する予測部と、
前記規定位置が前記走行範囲内に存在するか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記規定位置が前記走行範囲内に存在しないと判定されたときに前記作業車両の走行を停止させる運転制御部と、
を備える作業車両の制御装置。 - 前記規定位置は、前記検出データを取得時点から前記作業車両が規定距離走行後の前記作業車両に設定された特定部位の位置、及び前記検出データを取得時点から規定時間経過後の前記作業車両に設定された特定部位の位置の少なくとも一方を含む、
請求項1に記載の作業車両の制御装置。 - 前記走行範囲は、第1走行幅で規定される第1走行範囲と、前記第1走行幅よりも小さい第2走行幅で規定される第2走行範囲とを含み、
前記作業車両は、前記第1走行範囲から前記第2走行範囲に走行し、
前記運転制御部は、前記作業車両が前記第1走行範囲を走行しているときに取得された前記検出データに基づいて予測された前記規定位置が前記第2走行範囲内に存在しないと判定されたときに前記作業車両の走行を停止させる、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の作業車両の制御装置。 - 前記第2走行範囲は、前記運搬車両に積荷が積載される積込点を含み、
前記第2走行幅は、前記運搬車両に積荷を積載する積込機のサイズに基づいて設定される、
請求項3に記載の作業車両の制御装置。 - 前記作業車両の走行条件は、前記作業車両の走行速度を含み、
前記第2走行範囲における前記作業車両の走行速度は、前記第1走行範囲における前記作業車両の走行速度以下である、
請求項3又は請求項4に記載の作業車両の制御装置。 - 前記運転制御部は、後進する前記作業車両の前記規定位置が前記走行範囲に存在しないと判定されたときに前記作業車両の走行を停止させ、前記コースデータ取得部で取得された新規コースデータに基づいて前記作業車両の走行を再開させ、
前記新規コースデータは、前記作業車両を前進させた後に後進させる走行条件を含む、
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の作業車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の作業車両の制御装置を備える作業車両。
- 走行経路を含む作業車両の走行条件を示すコースデータを生成することと、
前記走行経路を基準とする予め設定された走行幅で規定される前記作業車両の走行範囲を示す走行範囲データを生成することと、
前記作業車両の走行方向を検出した検出装置の検出データを取得することと、
前記コースデータに従って走行する前記作業車両の現在位置から離れた規定位置を前記検出データに基づいて予測することと、
前記規定位置が前記走行範囲内に存在するか否かを判定することと、
前記規定位置が前記走行範囲内に存在しないと判定されたときに前記作業車両の走行を停止させることと、
を含む作業車両の制御方法。
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