WO2017161924A1 - 一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017161924A1
WO2017161924A1 PCT/CN2016/110037 CN2016110037W WO2017161924A1 WO 2017161924 A1 WO2017161924 A1 WO 2017161924A1 CN 2016110037 W CN2016110037 W CN 2016110037W WO 2017161924 A1 WO2017161924 A1 WO 2017161924A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drum
fresh
feeding
grading
tea
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PCT/CN2016/110037
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡永光
李建钢
杨叶城
田金涛
江丰
王升
刘建锋
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江苏大学
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Publication of WO2017161924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017161924A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
    • B07B1/22—Revolving drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/50—Cleaning
    • B07B1/55—Cleaning with fluid jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B07B4/06—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall using revolving drums

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and particularly relates to a method for grading tea fresh leaves.
  • the tea fresh leaf classifier is an important tea processing machine in modern agriculture. It can improve the quality of finished tea products by classifying and processing fresh tea leaves through a classification device.
  • the working principle of the main tea fresh leaf classifiers at home and abroad is basically the same, and the sieve holes of different pore sizes are used to separate the different grades of fresh tea leaves, thereby achieving the purpose of classification.
  • the classifier drum is designed into a truncated cone to discharge the fresh tea leaves, but the diameter of the drum inlet is small, which limits the graded output of the classifier; the sieve aperture is fixed at 0.5 cm, 1.5 Cm, 2.0cm, the first stage is mainly used for the classification of fine broken leaves.
  • the fresh tea leaves can be divided into three levels according to the aperture of 1.5cm and 2.0cm.
  • the drum speed and the drum inclination are fixed when grading. Only the feed rate can be manually controlled to ensure the overall classification rate, the working mode is extensive, the feed rate is difficult to control, and the classification efficiency is low.
  • the invention patent 201210037886.8 realizes grading by multi-layer screen, but the smallest tea fresh leaves need to be classified several times, and the damage is large; the drum inclination angle and the feeding rate can be manually adjusted, but it is time-consuming and laborious, inaccurate, and the mechanical structure is complicated.
  • the drum inclination angle and the drum rotation speed in the invention patent 2013100339166.1 are still not adjustable, and the feed rate can only be manually controlled, and the work is extensive and the efficiency is low.
  • the invention patent 201210273704.7 grades the fresh tea leaves by flat sieve vibration, because the tea fresh leaves continuously collide with the grading sieve in the grading process, and the final fresh tea leaves are seriously damaged.
  • the fresh tea leaves are classified by means of a high-power fan, because the fresh leaf material of the tea is complicated and the difference in the floating speed of the fresh leaves at each level is small, the classification effect is poor, and the energy consumption is large.
  • the existing drum type tea fresh leaf classifier is a round table type, the minimum diameter is 42 cm, the maximum diameter is 73 cm, the length is 130 cm, the drum is divided into three sections, and the sieve holes are square holes of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm, 7 mm ⁇ 7 mm, and 9 mm ⁇ 9 mm, respectively.
  • the lengths of the sections are basically equal, the screen inclination angle is 6.7°, the drum rotation speed is 13r/min, and the first stage is mainly broken leaves in the classification process, and the second and third stage sieve holes are relatively small, resulting in low graded output, roller Short results in insufficient leaf grading, and fresh tea leaves tend to clog the sieve holes.
  • Another fresh leaf classifier with a minimum diameter of 32cm.
  • the maximum diameter is 70cm, the length is 115cm, the roller is divided into 2 sections, and the mesh size is 11mm ⁇ 11mm, 20mm ⁇ 20mm square hole, the length of the two sections is equal, the speed is 17r/min when grading, the inclination angle is 9.5°, and the tea is fresh.
  • the leaves are separated from the discharge end of the drum, but the sizes of the fresh tea leaves under the first and second stage drums are very different and do not reach the purpose of classification.
  • the above-mentioned tea fresh leaf classifier has low graded yield and low classification rate.
  • the fresh tea leaves are easy to block the sieve holes and need manual feeding.
  • the labor intensity is large, and the screen can not be replaced.
  • the working parameters of the grade cannot be adjusted, so that different tea freshness cannot be satisfied.
  • the grading requirements of the leaves are not suitable.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an equal-diameter drum type tea fresh leaf grading device and method, so as to realize the equal diameter of the drum, adding a wind-selecting fan and a sifting fan, thereby increasing the classification rate and accelerating the grading rate during the grading process. Net congestion is reduced.
  • the screen of the classifier can be loaded and unloaded.
  • the drum inclination angle, drum rotation speed and feeding rate can be adjusted during work. Workers can change the drum screen and adjust the drum working parameters according to different kinds of fresh tea leaves.
  • the automatic feeding mechanism can be used regularly. Quantitative feeding reduces the labor intensity of workers.
  • An equal-diameter drum type tea fresh leaf grading device comprising a frame A (1), a power source (2), a lifting mechanism (3), a feeding mechanism (4), a controller (5), a feeding slope (6) ), roller (7), cleaning fan (8), collector (9) and supporting wheel (10);
  • lifting mechanism (3) includes motor A (3 - 1), elevator (3 - 2), nut ( 3–3);
  • Feeding mechanism (4) includes motor B (4–1), limited brush (4–2), feed belt (4–3), air selection fan (4–4) and frame B ( 4–5); the roller (7) and the frame A(1) are supported by the friction wheel (1–1) and the bearing (1–2); the elevator (3-2) is connected to the nut (3–3).
  • the nut (3–3) is welded to the feed end of the frame (1);
  • the drum (7) is driven by the power source (2);
  • the power source (2), the motor A (3–1) and the motor B (4–1) ) are controlled by the controller (5), which displays feedback values of the tilt sensor (5–3), the speed sensor A (5–1), and the speed sensor B (5–2);
  • the drum (7) is an equal diameter drum, which is installed obliquely, and the drum (7) comprises a drum frame (7-1), a drum screen (7-2) and a drum shaft (7-3).
  • the drum screen (7-2) is removable and replaceable;
  • the feeding mechanism (4) can feed upwards or reversely, and the feeding and discharging rates are adjustable.
  • the motor B (4–1) is a speed regulating motor, and the limit brush (4–2) is fixed to Feed belt (4–3) directly above and bit
  • the vertical direction is adjustable, the air selection fan (4–4) is arranged below the feeding belt (4–3), and the wind speed is adjustable; the air outlet of the air selection fan (4–4) is facing the feeding
  • the elevators (3-2) in the lifting mechanism (3) are two linkage elevators, and the lifting mechanism (3) cooperates with the supporting wheels (10) to complete the adjustment of the inclination of the drum (7);
  • the outlet of the cleaning fan (8) is located above the drum (7), and the outlet is downward;
  • the controller (5) is used for accurately detecting, displaying and regulating the drum inclination angle, the drum rotation speed and the feeding rate in the tea fresh leaf classification process in real time;
  • the drum inclination angle, the drum rotation speed and the feed rate of the classifier are respectively adjusted by the lifting mechanism (3), the power source (2), and the feeding mechanism (4), and the output speed of the power source (2) can be adjusted.
  • the elevator platform (3) is a single-drive elevator; the screen (7-2) combination is preferably 3
  • the air selection fan (4-4) and the cleaning fan (8) are all centrifugal fans.
  • the motor A (3 - 1) is a speed regulating motor; the screen (7 - 2) is formed by crimping a stainless steel braid or a punching plate.
  • An equal-diameter drum type tea fresh leaf grading method characterized in that the following steps are specifically included
  • the grading parameter value is set on the controller (5);
  • the lifting mechanism (3) is used to adjust the inclination angle of the drum (7) until the inclination angle reaches the inclination setting value;
  • the power source (2) is used to drive the drum (7) to rotate until the speed reaches the speed setting value;
  • the feeding mechanism (4) is started, and the feeding mechanism starts feeding until the feeding rate reaches the set value;
  • the wind selection fan (4–4) and the cleaning fan (8) are activated, and the system emits a warning alarm sound;
  • the alarm sound is turned off, and the fresh tea leaves are placed at the front end of the feeding belt (4–3), and the fresh tea leaf grading device starts to automatically classify the fresh tea leaves: the fresh tea leaves are fed in the feeding mechanism ( 4) Feeding at a certain feed rate, after the tea leaves are dropped from the feeding belt (4–3) into the feeding slope (6), the wind is selected and the tea leaves are fresh without buds. The leaves are separated, and the remaining fresh leaves of the buds are then placed in the drum (7) for screening and grading, thereby separating the different grades of fresh tea leaves.
  • the hierarchical parameter values are specifically set as follows:
  • the parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the hand-tea picking fresh leaf classifier is: drum inclination angle 6°, feed rate 2 kg/min, The drum speed is 8r/min;
  • the parameter combination of the highest classification rate of the fresh tea leaf sorting machine is: the drum inclination angle is 6°, the feeding rate is 1.5 kg/min, and the drum rotation speed is 16 r/min.
  • a certain grade of fresh tea leaves can be classified by corresponding sieve holes, and the time of grading the fresh tea leaves in the drum and the probability of contacting the sieve together determine the overallity of the fresh tea leaves. Rating rate.
  • the grading time of the fresh tea leaves in the drum and the probability of contacting the screen are related to the drum inclination angle and the drum rotation rate.
  • the invention adopts the inclined installation of the drum to form the inclined angle of the drum screen and the ground to meet the discharge demand, and the drum is made into the equal diameter, the diameter of the feeding end of the drum is increased, and the utilization ratio of the drum is improved, thereby Increased the yield of tea fresh leaf grading;
  • the screen of the invention can be replaced, so that the classifier can be adapted to the grading of fresh leaves of different sizes and different varieties; at the same time, it can be loaded and unloaded, and the number of fresh leaves of the tea leaves is 2 to 4, which makes the classification adaptability enhanced;
  • the invention adopts three kinds of sieves, and the mesh size is selected as 6mm ⁇ 6mm, 10mm ⁇ 10mm, 13mm ⁇ 13mm, and the fresh tea leaves can be mixed with single buds, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves from mixed tea fresh. Separated from the leaves;
  • the invention adopts a wind-selecting fan to separate the buds and the leaves with different floating speeds; the combination of the wind-selection grading and the drum screening grading improves the grading efficiency;
  • the invention adopts a linkage lifting platform to cooperate with the supporting wheel to make the tea fresh leaf classifier rise and maintain stable without skewing;
  • the invention adopts a clearing fan, blows downward from the top of the drum, and sifts through the sieve hole to increase the classification rate; at the same time, the fresh tea leaves blocked in the sieve hole are dropped into the drum again, and the classification is performed again, thereby improving the classification. rate;
  • the invention realizes quantitative management by accurately adding and controlling the drum rotation speed, the drum inclination angle and the feeding rate in the working process of the classifier in real time; at the same time, the lifting mechanism and the feeding mechanism adopted are all driven by the motor, which improves the mechanization degree. , reducing the labor intensity of workers;
  • the drum rotation speed, the drum inclination angle, and the feed rate in the present invention can be set according to different tea fresh leaves. Therefore, the classifier can be used for grading of a variety of different tea fresh leaves;
  • the invention finds the primary and secondary order factors affecting the grading of fresh tea leaves by studying the grading method of the equal-diameter drum-type tea fresh leaves, and finds the optimal working parameter combination under the experimental conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the lifting platform of the present invention.
  • the structure of the present invention comprises a frame 1, a power source 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a feeding mechanism 4, a controller 5, a feed ramp 6, a drum 7, a cleaning fan 8, and a collector 9.
  • the drum screens 7-2 are fixed to the drum frame 7-1 by hoops, and the drum screens 7-2 can be replaced according to different raw materials and requirements of the fresh tea leaves. Loading and unloading; the outer circular surface of the feeding end of the drum 7 is supported and driven by the two friction wheels 1-1 on the bracket 1, and the drum rotating shaft 7-3 is rotatably coupled with the frame 1 through the bearing 1-2, and the drum 7 is installed obliquely;
  • the lifting mechanism 3 of the present invention comprises an electric motor 3 - 1 and two interlocking worm gear screw jacks 3 - 2, and the linkage mode can ensure that the frame is smoothly lifted and not skewed in the width direction; in the lift 3 - 2 During the working process, the screw rotates to push the nut up and down, and the nut welded on the frame pushes the feeding end of the frame to rise or fall, thereby changing the drum inclination angle during the tea leaf classification process.
  • the feed mechanism 4 of the present invention includes an electric motor 4-1, a limited edition brush 4-2, a feed belt 4-3, a cleaning fan 4-4 and its frame 4-5, a limited edition brush 4 - 2 is fixed directly above the feed belt 4–3 and the position is adjustable in the vertical direction, and the air selection fans 4–4 are arranged below the feed belts 4–3.
  • Grading of fresh leaves of hand-picked tea Before grading the fresh leaves of tea, first select 3 sections of screen according to the size and grade quantity of the target fresh leaves, the order is: 6mm ⁇ 6mm, 10mm ⁇ 10mm, 13mm ⁇ 13mm, On the drum frame 7-1.
  • the drum inclination angle was 6° when the controller 5 was classified, the drum rotation speed was 8 r/min, and the feed rate was 2.0 kg/min.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 is activated to adjust the drum tilt angle to the set value; after 10s delay, the power source 2 is activated to accelerate the drum 7 to the set value; after 10s delay, the loading mechanism 4 is activated, and the feeding will be performed.
  • the air selection fan 4–4 and the cleaning fan 8 are activated.
  • the controller alarmed and the worker began to load.
  • the worker placed the fresh tea leaves on the front end of the feed belt 4–3, the fresh tea leaves were fed with the feed belt 4–3 at the set feed rate, and the limited edition brushes 4–2 were scraped off under the drive of the motor 5–1.
  • the wind selection there is no bud in the fresh tea leaves.
  • the fresh tea leaves are separated to achieve preliminary classification; the fresh tea leaves enter the drum 7 through the feed slope 6 and move along the inner surface of the screen 7-2 toward the discharge end of the drum 7 under the action of gravity, when passing through the sieve size Different screens 7-2 fall into the collector 9 and are collected.
  • the classification in this case is 89%.
  • Grading of fresh leaves of machine tea Before grading the fresh leaves of tea, first select 3 sections of screen according to the size and grade quantity of the target fresh leaves, the order is: 10mm ⁇ 10mm, 15mm ⁇ 15mm, 20mm ⁇ 20mm, On the drum frame 7-1.
  • the controller 5 sets the drum inclination angle of 6°, the drum rotation speed of 16 r/min, and the feed rate of 1.5 kg/min.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 is activated to adjust the drum tilt angle to the set value; after 10s delay, the power source 2 is activated to accelerate the drum 7 to the set value; after 10s delay, the loading mechanism 4 is activated, and the feeding will be performed.
  • the air selection fan 4–4 and the cleaning fan 8 are activated.
  • the controller alarmed and the worker began to load.
  • the worker placed the fresh tea leaves on the front end of the feed belt 4–3, the fresh tea leaves were fed with the feed belt 4–3 at the set feed rate, and the limited brushes 4–2 were driven under the drive of the motor 5–1.
  • the tea leaves are too thick, and the fresh leaves of the tea fall from the end of the feeding belt 4–3, and are classified into the feeding slope 6 by the wind selection fan 4–4, and there is no bud in the fresh tea leaves during the wind selection process.
  • the fresh tea leaves are separated to achieve preliminary grading; the fresh tea leaves enter the drum 7 through the feed slanting surface 6, and move along the inner surface of the screen 7-2 to the discharge end of the drum 7 under the action of gravity, when passing through the sieve hole size Different screens 7-2 fall into the collector 9 and are collected.
  • the classification rate in this case is 75%.
  • the invention can replace different screens according to different tea fresh leaves, and provide different combination of classification parameters to ensure a higher classification rate and classification rate.
  • equal-diameter drum type grading apparatus and method of the present invention have been described by taking fresh tea leaves as an example, the use of the equal-diameter drum type tea fresh leaf grading apparatus and method is not limited to the specification. In the above case, in the actual use, the above-described equal-diameter drum type tea fresh leaf classifying device and method may be used in other cases.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法，其中等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置中滚筒（7）倾斜安装，滚筒（7）各段的直径和长度相等，工作参数可显示和调节，风选风机（4-4）出风口位于进料机构（4）进料带（4-3）下方，清筛风机（8）出风口位于滚筒（7）上方。等直径的结构设计，提高了分级率和分级速率；控制器（5）对工作过程进行监控，分级精度提高、劳动强度减小；风选风机（4-4）将叶、芽分开，实现初步分级；清筛风机（8）把堵在网孔的茶鲜叶吹入滚筒（7）内，减小堵筛率，提高分级率和分级速率；筛网（7-2）可更换，能适应不同的分级需求。能够实现滚筒倾角、滚筒转速、进料率的调控。

Description

一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械装备领域，具体涉及茶鲜叶分级方法。
背景技术
茶鲜叶分级机是现代农业中一种重要的茶叶加工机械，通过分级装置把茶鲜叶分级后再加工，可以提高茶叶成品的品质。当前国内外主要茶鲜叶分级机的工作原理基本相同，都是利用不同孔径的筛孔，将不同等级的茶鲜叶分开，从而达到分级的目的。
经检索发明专利200810059580.6将分级机滚筒设计成圆台形筒体以便茶鲜叶的排出，但是滚筒进料口的直径较小，从而限制了分级机的分级产量；筛孔孔径固定为0.5cm、1.5cm、2.0cm，使第一级主要用于细小碎叶的分级，茶鲜叶分为只能靠1.5cm、2.0cm这两种尺寸的孔径分为3级；分级时滚筒转速和滚筒倾角固定，只能手工控制进料率来保证总体分级率，工作方式粗放，进料率难以控制，分级效率低。发明专利201210037886.8以多层筛网实现分级，但最小的茶鲜叶需要进行多次分级，损伤较大；其滚筒倾角和进料率可手工调节，但是费时费力，又不精确，机械结构复杂。发明专利2013100339166.1中的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速仍不可调，进料率也只能人工控制，工作粗放、效率低。发明专利201210273704.7以平筛振动分级茶鲜叶，因为分级过程中茶鲜叶不断的与分级筛发生碰撞，最后分出的茶鲜叶损伤较严重。实用新型专利201120157386.9中借助大功率风机对茶鲜叶进行分级，由于茶鲜叶物料复杂且各级鲜叶漂浮速度的差异较小，分级效果不佳、能耗大。
现有一种滚筒式茶鲜叶分级机为圆台型，最小直径42cm，最大直径73cm，长度130cm，滚筒分3段，筛孔规格分别为5mm×5mm、7mm×7mm、9mm×9mm的方孔，各段长度基本相等，筛网倾斜角为6.7°，滚筒转速13r/min，其分级过程中第一级主要是碎叶，第二级和第三级筛孔数比较少导致分级产量低，滚筒短导致鲜叶分级不充分，茶鲜叶易堵塞筛孔。另一种鲜叶分级机，最小直径32cm， 最大直径70cm，长度115cm，滚筒分2段，筛孔规格分别为11mm×11mm、20mm×20mm方孔，两段长度相等，分级时转速17r/min，倾斜角为9.5°，特别大的茶鲜叶从滚筒出料端分出来，但是第一级和第二级滚筒下方的茶鲜叶中尺寸相差很大，没有达到分级的目的。以上茶鲜叶分级机分级产量低、分级率低，茶鲜叶易堵塞筛孔且需要人工进料，劳动强度大，而且筛网无法更换，分级的工作参数不可调整，从而无法满足不同茶鲜叶的分级需求，适用性不强。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法，以实现滚筒直径相等，加入风选风机和清筛风机，从而使得在分级过程中分级率提高，分级速率加快，筛网堵塞减少。分级机的筛网可装卸，工作时的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速、进料率可调，工人可以根据不同种茶鲜叶更换滚筒筛网和精确调节滚筒工作参数，使用的自动进料机构可以定时、定量的进料，降低工人的劳动强度。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置，包括机架A(1)、动力源(2)、升降机构(3)、进料机构(4)、控制器(5)、进料斜面(6)、滚筒(7)、清筛风机(8)、集料器(9)和支承车轮(10)；升降机构(3)包括电动机A(3–1)、升降机(3–2)、螺母(3–3)；进料机构(4)包括电动机B(4–1)、限量刷(4–2)、进料带(4–3)、风选风机(4–4)和机架B(4–5)；滚筒(7)与机架A(1)之间通过摩擦轮(1–1)、轴承(1–2)支撑；升降机(3-2)与螺母(3–3)转动联接，螺母(3–3)与机架(1)入料端焊接；滚筒(7)由动力源(2)驱动；动力源(2)、电动机A(3–1)和电动机B(4–1)均由控制器(5)控制，控制器(5)显示倾角传感器(5–3)、转速传感器A(5–1)和转速传感器B(5–2)的反馈值；
其特征在于：所述滚筒(7)为等直径滚筒、倾斜安装，所述滚筒(7)包括滚筒框架(7–1)、滚筒筛网(7–2)和滚筒转轴(7–3)，所述滚筒筛网(7–2)为可装卸和更换；
所述进料机构(4)可向上进料、亦可反向卸料，且进料和卸料率可调，电动机B(4–1)为调速电动机，限量刷(4–2)固定于进料带(4–3)正上方且位 置在垂直方向可调，进料带(4–3)的下方布置风选风机(4–4)，且风速可调；所述风选风机(4–4)的出风口正对着进料带(4–3)和进料斜面(6)之间的空间位置；
所述升降机构(3)中的升降机(3–2)为两台联动升降机，升降机构(3)配合支承车轮(10)共同完成滚筒(7)倾角的调整；
所述清筛风机(8)的出口位于滚筒(7)上方，出口向下；
所述控制器(5)用于实时精确的检测、显示和调控茶鲜叶分级过程中的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速、进料速率；
所述分级机的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速和进料率分别通过升降机构(3)、动力源(2)、进料机构(4)进行调节，动力源(2)的输出转速可调节。
所述升降机平台(3)为单驱动的升降机；所述筛网(7–2)组合优选为3
种不同大小网孔的筛网。
所述风选风机(4–4)、清筛风机(8)均为离心风机。
所述电动机A(3–1)为调速电动机；所述筛网(7–2)由不锈钢编织或冲孔板卷曲而成。
一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤
第一步，在控制器(5)上设定分级参数值；
第二步，使用升降机构(3)调节滚筒(7)倾角，直到倾角达到倾角设定值；
第三步，使用动力源(2)驱动滚筒(7)转动，直到转速达到转速设定值；
第四步，启动进料机构(4)，进料机构开始进料，直到进料率达到设定值；
第五步，启动风选风机(4–4)和清筛风机(8)，系统发出提醒报警声；
第六步，关掉报警声，将茶鲜叶置于进料带(4–3)的前端，茶鲜叶分级装置开始对所述茶鲜叶进行自动分级：茶鲜叶在进料机构(4)带动下以一定进料率进料，在茶鲜叶从进料带(4–3)落入进料斜面(6)的过程中经过风选分级，将茶鲜叶中无芽的茶鲜叶分离出去，剩下的有芽的茶鲜叶再进入滚筒(7)进行筛选分级,从而将不同等级的茶鲜叶分开。
所述分级参数值具体设定如下：
手采茶鲜叶分级机最高分级率的参数组合为：滚筒倾角6°、进料率2kg/min、 滚筒转速8r/min；
机采茶鲜叶分级机最高分级率的参数组合为：滚筒倾角6°、进料率1.5kg/min、滚筒转速16r/min。
本发明的工作原理：
本发明在茶鲜叶分级过程中，某一等级的茶鲜叶可以通过对应的筛孔而实现分级，茶鲜叶在滚筒内分级的时间和接触筛网的概率共同决定了茶鲜叶的总体分级率。茶鲜叶在滚筒内的分级时间和接触筛网的概率都与分级时的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速进料率有关。通过调节茶鲜叶分级过程中的分级参数，可以保证分级速率、提高分级率。
本发明具有有益效果：
本发明通过采用滚筒倾斜安装的方式来使滚筒筛网与地面形成一定的倾斜角，从而满足排料需求，将滚筒制成等直径，增大了滚筒进料端的直径，提高滚筒利用率，从而提高了茶鲜叶分级的产量；
本发明筛网可更换，使分级机可以适应不同大小、不同品种的茶鲜叶分级；同时可装卸，所分茶鲜叶的等级数为2～4，使分级适应性增强；
本发明通过采用3种筛网，筛孔尺寸选组合为6mm×6mm、10mm×10mm、13mm×13mm，可以将茶鲜叶按单芽苞、一芽一叶、一芽二叶从混合茶鲜叶中分离出来；
本发明采用风选风机将漂浮速度差别很大的芽和叶分开；将风选分级与滚筒筛选分级相结合，提高了分级效率；
本发明采用联动升降平台配合支承车轮使用，使茶鲜叶分级机上升保持平稳，不发生歪斜；
本发明采用清筛风机，从滚筒上方向下吹风，舒通了筛孔，提高了分级速率；同时，使得堵塞在筛孔里的茶鲜叶重新掉入滚筒，再次进行分级，从而提高了分级率；
本发明通过增加控制系统，实时精确显示和控制分级机工作过程中的滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、进料率，实现定量管理；同时，采用的升降机构和进料机构均为电动机驱动，提高了机械化程度，减少了工人劳动强度；
本发明中的滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、进料率可根据不同的茶鲜叶进行设定， 故分级机可以用于多种不同茶鲜叶的分级；
本发明通过对等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级方法的研究，找到了影响茶鲜叶分级的因素主次顺序，同时找到了试验条件下最优的工作参数组合。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的筛网结构示意图；
图3是本发明的进料机构结构示意图；
图4是本发明的升降平台结构示意图；
图中：1机架 2动力源 3升降机构 4进料机构 5控制器 6进料斜面 7滚筒 8清筛风机 9集料器 10支承车轮 3–1电动机 A3–2升降机 3–3螺母 4–1电动机 B4–2限量刷 4–3进料带 4–4风选风机 4–5机架 B1-1摩擦轮 1–2轴承 5–1转速传感器 A5–2转速传感器 B5–3倾角传感器 7–1滚筒框架 7–2滚筒筛网 7–3滚筒转轴。
具体实施方式
下面以茶鲜叶分级为例，结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明的结构包括机架1、动力源2、升降机构3、进料机构4、控制器5、进料斜面6、滚筒7、清筛风机8和集料器9。
如图2所示，本发明的滚筒7中，滚筒筛网7–2通过箍子固定在滚筒框架7–1上,滚筒筛网7–2可根据茶鲜叶的不同原料和要求进行更换和装卸；滚筒7进料端的外圆面由支架1上的两个摩擦轮1–1支撑并驱动，滚筒转轴7–3通过轴承1-2与机架1转动联结，滚筒7倾斜安装；
如图3所示，本发明的升降机构3包括电动机3–1和两台联动蜗轮丝杆升降机3–2，联动方式可以保证机架平稳升降，在宽度方向不发生歪斜；在升降机3–2工作过程中，丝杆旋转推动螺母上下移动，焊接在机架上的螺母推动机架入料端上升或下降，从而改变茶鲜叶分级过程中的滚筒倾角。
如图4所示，本发明的进料机构4包括电动机4–1、限量刷4–2、进料带4–3、清选风机4–4及其机架4–5，限量刷4–2固定于进料带4–3正上方且位置在竖直方向可调，进料带4–3的下方布置风选风机4–4。
实例一
手采茶鲜叶的分级：在茶鲜叶分级前，先根据目标茶鲜叶的大小和等级数量要求选择3段筛网，大小依次为：6mm×6mm、10mm×10mm、13mm×13mm，装在滚筒框架7–1上。再根据茶鲜叶的品种和各级茶鲜叶的组成通过控制器5设分级时的滚筒倾角为6°、滚筒转速为8r/min、进料率为2.0kg/min。设定后，升降机构3启动，将滚筒倾角调至设定值；经过10s延迟，动力源2启动，将滚筒7加速到设定值；再经过10s延迟，上料机构4启动，将进料带4–3的传送速度加速到设定值后风选风机4–4和清筛风机8启动。延时10s，控制器报警，工人开始上料。工人把茶鲜叶放在进料带4–3前端，茶鲜叶随进料带4–3按照设定的进料率进料，限量刷4–2在电机5–1的驱动下刮去过厚的茶鲜叶，茶鲜叶从进料带4–3末端下落，经风选风机4–4风选分级后落入到进料斜面6中，风选过程中茶鲜叶中无芽的茶鲜叶被分离出来，实现初步分级；茶鲜叶通过进料斜面6进入滚筒7，在重力的作用下沿筛网7-2内表面向滚筒7的出料端运动，当通过筛孔大小不同的筛网7–2时落入集料器9并收集。此种情况下的分级度为89％。
实例二
机采茶鲜叶的分级：在茶鲜叶分级前，先根据目标茶鲜叶的大小和等级数量要求选择3段筛网，大小依次为：10mm×10mm、15mm×15mm、20mm×20mm，装在滚筒框架7–1上。再根据茶鲜叶的品种和各级茶鲜叶的组成通过控制器5设分级时的滚筒倾角6°、滚筒转速16r/min、进料率1.5kg/min。设定后，升降机构3启动，将滚筒倾角调至设定值；经过10s延迟，动力源2启动，将滚筒7加速到设定值；再经过10s延迟，上料机构4启动，将进料带4–3的传送速度加速到设定值后风选风机4–4和清筛风机8启动。延时10s，控制器报警，工人开始上料。工人把茶鲜叶放在进料带4–3前端，茶鲜叶随进料带4–3按照设定的进料速率进料，限量刷4–2在电机5–1的驱动下刮去过厚的茶鲜叶，茶鲜叶从进料带4–3末端下落，经风选风机4–4风选分级后落入到进料斜面6中，风选过程中茶鲜叶中无芽的茶鲜叶被分离出来，实现初步分级；茶鲜叶通过进料斜面6进入滚筒7，在重力的作用下沿筛网7-2内表面向滚筒7出料端运动，当通过筛孔大小不同的筛网7–2时落入集料器9并收集。此种情况下的分级率为75％。
本发明的能根据不同的茶鲜叶更换不同的筛网，并提供不同的分级参数组合保证了较高的分级速率和分级率。
需要注意的是，尽管说明书中以茶鲜叶为例对本发明的等直径滚筒式分级装置及方法进行了说明，但该等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法的用途并不局限于说明书中所述的情况，在实际使用中，也可以将上述等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置及方法用于其它的场合。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置，包括机架A(1)、动力源(2)、升降机构(3)、进料机构(4)、控制器(5)、进料斜面(6)、滚筒(7)、清筛风机(8)、集料器(9)和支承车轮(10)；升降机构(3)包括电动机A(3–1)、升降机(3–2)、螺母(3–3)；进料机构(4)包括电动机B(4–1)、限量刷(4–2)、进料带(4–3)、风选风机(4–4)和机架B(4–5)；滚筒(7)与机架A(1)之间通过摩擦轮(1–1)、轴承(1–2)支撑；升降机(3-2)与螺母(3–3)转动联接，螺母(3–3)与机架(1)入料端焊接；滚筒(7)由动力源(2)驱动；动力源(2)、电动机A(3–1)和电动机B(4–1)均由控制器(5)控制，控制器(5)显示倾角传感器(5–3)、转速传感器A(5–1)和转速传感器B(5–2)的反馈值；
    其特征在于：所述滚筒(7)为等直径滚筒、倾斜安装，所述滚筒(7)包括滚筒框架(7–1)、滚筒筛网(7–2)和滚筒转轴(7–3)，所述滚筒筛网(7–2)为可装卸和更换；
    所述进料机构(4)可向上进料、亦可反向卸料，且进料和卸料率可调，电动机B(4–1)为调速电动机，限量刷(4–2)固定于进料带(4–3)正上方且位置在垂直方向可调，进料带(4–3)的下方布置风选风机(4–4)，且风速可调；所述风选风机(4–4)的出风口正对着进料带(4–3)和进料斜面(6)之间的空间位置；
    所述升降机构(3)中的升降机(3–2)为两台联动升降机，升降机构(3)配合支承车轮(10)共同完成滚筒(7)倾角的调整；
    所述清筛风机(8)的出口位于滚筒(7)上方，出口向下；
    所述控制器(5)用于实时精确的检测、显示和调控茶鲜叶分级过程中的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速、进料速率；
    所述分级机的滚筒倾角、滚筒转速和进料率分别通过升降机构(3)、动力源(2)、进料机构(4)进行调节，动力源(2)的输出转速可调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置，其特征在于：所述升降机平台(3)为单驱动的升降机；所述筛网(7–2)组合优选为3种不 同大小网孔的筛网。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置，其特征在于：所述风选风机(4–4)、清筛风机(8)均为离心风机。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置，其特征在于：所述电动机A(3–1)为调速电动机；所述筛网(7–2)由不锈钢编织或冲孔板卷曲而成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置的茶鲜叶分级装置的分级方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤
    第一步，在控制器(5)上设定分级参数值；
    第二步，使用升降机构(3)调节滚筒(7)倾角，直到倾角达到倾角设定值；
    第三步，使用动力源(2)驱动滚筒(7)转动，直到转速达到转速设定值；
    第四步，启动进料机构(4)，进料机构开始进料，直到进料率达到设定值；
    第五步，启动风选风机(4–4)和清筛风机(8)，系统发出提醒报警声；
    第六步，关掉报警声，将茶鲜叶置于进料带(4–3)的前端，茶鲜叶分级装置开始对所述茶鲜叶进行自动分级：茶鲜叶在进料机构(4)带动下以一定进料率进料，在茶鲜叶从进料带(4–3)落入进料斜面(6)的过程中经过风选分级，将茶鲜叶中无芽的茶鲜叶分离出去，剩下的有芽的茶鲜叶再进入滚筒(7)进行筛选分级,从而将不同等级的茶鲜叶分开。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种等直径滚筒式茶鲜叶分级装置的茶鲜叶分级方法，其特征在于所述分级参数值具体设定如下：
    手采茶鲜叶分级机最高分级率的参数组合为：滚筒倾角6°、进料率2kg/min、滚筒转速8r/min；
    机采茶鲜叶分级机最高分级率的参数组合为：滚筒倾角6°、进料率1.5kg/min、滚筒转速16r/min。
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