WO2017159681A1 - 識別装置、識別方法、識別プログラム、及び識別プログラムを含むコンピュータ可読媒体 - Google Patents
識別装置、識別方法、識別プログラム、及び識別プログラムを含むコンピュータ可読媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017159681A1 WO2017159681A1 PCT/JP2017/010198 JP2017010198W WO2017159681A1 WO 2017159681 A1 WO2017159681 A1 WO 2017159681A1 JP 2017010198 W JP2017010198 W JP 2017010198W WO 2017159681 A1 WO2017159681 A1 WO 2017159681A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an identification device, an identification method, an identification program, and a computer-readable medium including an identification program that can be used for authenticity determination in counterfeiting of securities such as gift certificates, credit cards, and branded goods and device parts.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-050172 filed in Japan on March 14, 2016 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-050277 filed in Japan on March 14, 2016, The contents are incorporated here.
- anti-counterfeit medium a diffraction grating or a hologram whose color or pattern changes depending on an observation angle for observing the anti-counterfeit medium is known.
- anti-counterfeiting media OVD (Optically Variable Device) ink, pearl pigment, and the like whose color and brightness change are known.
- OVD Optically Variable Device
- pearl pigment whose color and brightness change are known.
- it can be easily determined by comparing the true anti-counterfeit medium with the anti-counterfeit medium or by visual inspection by an expert. It is difficult for a general user to easily determine the authenticity of an anti-counterfeit medium visually.
- the image pickup for observing the anti-counterfeit medium is different because the optical change of the observed pattern varies depending on the observation angle. It is necessary to estimate an observation angle that is an imaging direction of the apparatus. Conventionally, a gyro sensor incorporated in an image pickup apparatus is used for estimating the observation angle. Then, there is a method of determining the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium by combining the observation angle estimated from the gyro sensor and the information of the captured image of the anti-counterfeit medium for authenticity determination and inputting the information into an identification program.
- the user cannot fully recognize the determination algorithm, for example, the authenticity determination is performed by imaging the anti-counterfeit medium at an appropriate observation angle. For this reason, even if the user moves the imaging device and captures a captured image of the forgery prevention medium, it is not possible to determine whether or not the viewpoint position being captured is a position where an image can be captured for authenticity determination.
- the progress of the authenticity determination process becomes unclear, such as whether the application for authenticity determination is operating normally or whether the authenticity determination is not performed because of a poor imaging method, and the authenticity determination is smooth. Cannot proceed to.
- the user cannot fully recognize the determination algorithm, for example, when the anti-counterfeit medium is imaged at an appropriate observation angle to determine the authenticity. For this reason, even if the user moves the image pickup device and picks up a picked-up image of the forgery prevention medium, it cannot be determined whether or not the authenticity determination is actually performed by the picked-up picked-up image until the authenticity determination result is output. . For this reason, the user feels uneasy about the progress of the authentication determination process, such as whether the authentication application is operating normally, or whether the authentication is not performed because of a poor imaging method, and Judgment cannot proceed smoothly.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation, and without using a special authenticity determination device as in the past, and even if the user cannot always recognize the determination algorithm in the authenticity determination, the authentication determination process proceeds.
- the identification device, the identification method, the identification program, and the computer readable medium including the identification program capable of intuitively and easily recognizing the progress of the process and smoothly proceeding with the authenticity determination are provided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and does not use a special authenticity determination device as in the past, and even if the user cannot fully recognize the determination algorithm in the authenticity determination, Disclosed are an identification device, an identification method, an identification program, and a computer-readable medium including the identification program, which can easily and smoothly proceed with authenticity determination without feeling uneasy.
- the identification device provides an anti-counterfeit medium in which the observed light pattern changes when the observation angle changes.
- An identification device that performs authenticity determination a similarity calculation unit that calculates a similarity between captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium and correct image data, and whether or not the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value By determining whether the anti-counterfeit medium is correct, an imaging viewpoint for capturing the anti-counterfeit medium, and imaging for capturing the captured image data used for authenticity determination.
- a match rate notifying unit for notifying a match rate indicating a degree of matching with a reference imaging viewpoint set in advance as a viewpoint;
- the match ratio notifying unit determines the match ratio to each of the imaging angle and imaging apparatus coordinate value of the imaging viewpoint in three-dimensional coordinates and the reference imaging of the reference imaging viewpoint. You may obtain
- the match rate notification unit obtains and notifies the match rate of the imaging viewpoint for each reference imaging viewpoint, and captures captured image data necessary for authenticity determination. You may notify including a ratio.
- the identification device provides a correct image generation unit that generates the correct image data to be compared with the captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium in correspondence with a predetermined reference imaging viewpoint. May be further provided.
- the authenticity determination unit obtains a frame image corresponding to a reference imaging viewpoint of the correct image data from the frame image obtained by imaging the forgery prevention medium with a moving image. It may be used as
- the identification device further includes a display unit that displays an image corresponding to the captured image data, and the match rate notification unit displays a match rate display image indicating the match rate as the display unit. May be displayed on the display screen to notify the match rate.
- An identification method is an identification method for performing authenticity determination of an article attached with the anti-counterfeit medium by using an anti-counterfeit medium whose light pattern changes when the observation angle changes.
- the similarity calculation unit calculates the similarity between the captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium and the correct image data, and the authenticity determination unit determines whether the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value.
- the authenticity determination as to whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct is performed, and the coincidence ratio notification unit is used as an imaging viewpoint for capturing the anti-counterfeit medium and an imaging viewpoint for capturing the captured image data used for authenticity determination.
- a matching ratio indicating the degree of matching with a predetermined reference imaging viewpoint is notified.
- An identification program provides a computer with an identification method for determining the authenticity of an article to which an anti-counterfeit medium is attached by using an anti-counterfeit medium whose light pattern changes when the observation angle changes.
- An identification program to be executed obtaining a similarity between captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium and correct image data, and determining whether the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value, An authenticity determination as to whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct is performed, and an imaging viewpoint for imaging the anti-counterfeit medium and a reference imaging viewpoint predetermined as an imaging viewpoint for capturing the captured image data used for authenticity determination
- the computer is operated so as to execute an identification method for notifying a matching ratio indicating the degree of matching and performing an authenticity determination of an article attached with the anti-counterfeit medium.
- a computer-readable medium including an identification program performs authenticity determination of an article attached with the anti-counterfeit medium by using an anti-counterfeit medium whose observed light pattern changes when the observation angle changes.
- a computer-readable medium including an identification program for causing a computer to execute an identification process, wherein a similarity between captured image data obtained by imaging the forgery prevention medium and correct image data is obtained, and the similarity is set in advance By determining whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct, and an imaging viewpoint for imaging the anti-counterfeit medium and imaging for capturing the captured image data used for authenticity determination
- An article that notifies a matching ratio indicating a degree of matching with a predetermined reference imaging viewpoint as a viewpoint, and to which the forgery prevention medium is attached Including an identification program for executing the identification process of performing authentication judgment to the computer.
- An identification device is an identification device that performs authenticity determination of an article to which the anti-counterfeit medium is attached, using an anti-counterfeit medium whose light pattern changes when the observation angle changes.
- the counterfeit by calculating a similarity between the captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium and the correct image data, and determining whether the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value.
- An authenticity determination unit for determining whether or not the prevention medium is correct, and a notification indicating a degree of achievement which is a ratio of the authentication determination completed in a predetermined number of the authenticity determinations indicating the progress of the authenticity determination. And an achievement notification section.
- the achievement notifying unit is determined to be true with respect to the preset correct image data with respect to the preset number of correct image data.
- the ratio of the captured image data may be obtained as the achievement level.
- the correct image data is obtained for each predetermined set imaging angle, and includes the number of the captured image data captured at an imaging angle that matches the set imaging angle.
- the achievement level may be obtained.
- the identification device includes a correct image generation unit that generates the correct image data to be compared with the captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium in accordance with a predetermined imaging viewpoint. Further, it may be provided.
- the authenticity determination unit uses, as a captured image data, a frame image corresponding to an imaging viewpoint of the correct image data from a frame image obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium with a moving image. It may be used.
- the identification device further includes a display unit that displays an image corresponding to the captured image data, and the achievement level notification unit displays the achievement level display image indicating the achievement level as the display unit. May be displayed on the display screen to notify the achievement level.
- An identification method is an identification method for performing authenticity determination of an article to which an anti-counterfeit medium is attached, using an anti-counterfeit medium in which an observed light pattern changes when an observation angle changes.
- the similarity calculation unit obtains the similarity between the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium and the correct image data, and the authenticity determination unit determines whether the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value.
- the authenticity determination as to whether or not the forgery prevention medium is correct is performed, and the achievement degree notification unit indicates a progress rate of the authenticity determination, and a predetermined number of authenticity determination ratios in the authenticity determination completed. Notify for the achievement level.
- An identification program provides a computer with an identification method for performing authenticity determination of an article to which an anti-counterfeit medium is attached by using the anti-counterfeit medium that changes an observed light pattern when an observation angle changes.
- An identification program to be executed obtaining a similarity between captured image data obtained by capturing the forgery prevention medium and correct image data, and determining whether the similarity exceeds a preset threshold value, Make an authenticity determination as to whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct, indicate the progress of the authenticity determination, and notify and obtain a degree of achievement that is a percentage of the authenticity determination completed in a predetermined number of the authenticity determinations,
- the computer is operated so as to execute an identification method for determining the authenticity of an article attached with the anti-counterfeit medium.
- a computer-readable medium including an identification program performs authenticity determination of an article to which an anti-counterfeit medium is attached by using the anti-counterfeit medium in which an observed light pattern changes when an observation angle changes.
- a computer-readable medium including an identification program for causing a computer to execute an identification process, wherein a similarity between captured image data obtained by imaging the forgery prevention medium and correct image data is obtained, and the similarity is set in advance By determining whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct, it is determined whether or not the anti-counterfeit medium is correct.
- a computer performs an identification process for determining the degree of achievement and notifying it, and determining the authenticity of the article to which the forgery prevention medium is attached. To include the identification program.
- a computer-readable medium including an identification device, an identification method, an identification program, and an identification program capable of clearly and easily recognizing the progress of the authentication determination process and intuitively recognizing the progress of the authentication process and smoothly proceeding the authentication determination can do.
- the authenticity determination can be performed without using a special authenticity determination device as in the prior art and even if the user cannot sufficiently recognize the determination algorithm in the authenticity determination. It is possible to provide an identification device, an identification method, an identification program, and a computer-readable medium including the identification program that can easily proceed with the authenticity determination without feeling uneasy about the processing.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section taken along line ZZ of the forgery prevention medium shown in FIG. 4. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the 2nd uneven structure part of the forgery prevention medium by 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the picked-up image data table for authentication in the image data memory
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing in detail an imaging viewpoint guidance process of the imaging device in step S3 in the flowchart of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the process of an authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the identification device by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement display image which the achievement notification part 111 displays on the display screen of the display part 112. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement display image which the achievement notification part 111 displays on the display screen of the display part 112. FIG.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement display image which the achievement notification part 111 displays on the display screen of the display part 112.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the process of an authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the process of an authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 3rd Embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table in an image data storage unit 3112.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the observation angle which the image pick-up part 3101 observes with respect to a forgery prevention medium.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section taken along line ZZ of the forgery prevention medium shown in FIG. 32.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table for authenticity determination in an image data storage unit 3112.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement level display image which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement level display image which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the achievement level display image which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the imaging of the captured image data used for the process of the authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 6th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the process of an authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 6th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the achievement level display image which notifies the achievement level which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the achievement level display image which notifies the achievement level which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the achievement level display image which notifies the achievement level which the achievement level notification part 3110 displays on the display screen of the display part 3111.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the process of an authenticity determination with respect to the authenticity determination object using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device of 7th Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an identification device (authentication determination device) according to the first embodiment.
- the authenticity determination device 1 includes an imaging unit 101, an imaging control unit 102, an exposure control unit 103, an illumination unit 104, an observation angle estimation unit 105, a match rate notification unit 106, an available image selection unit 107, and a correct image generation.
- the imaging unit 101 and the illumination unit 104 are integrated, and has a configuration corresponding to the process of authenticating an anti-counterfeit medium that performs retroreflection.
- the imaging unit 101 is, for example, a camera using an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).
- the imaging unit 101 writes and stores an image obtained by capturing an object as captured image data in the image data storage unit 113.
- the imaging control unit 102 captures captured image data, which is an image obtained by capturing a light pattern (light color (wavelength) or image such as a character or a picture) emitted from the forgery prevention medium with respect to incident light.
- the camera 101 controls the imaging conditions of the imaging unit 101 such as the depth of focus and the sensitivity of the imaging device (ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sensitivity).
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- the exposure control unit 103 controls imaging conditions of the imaging unit 101 such as a shutter speed, an aperture value, presence / absence of illumination light, and intensity of illumination light as exposure imaging conditions. Further, the exposure control unit 103 corresponds to the brightness around the forgery prevention medium imaged by the authenticity determination device 1, and emits imaging light (illumination light) to the illumination unit 104 as necessary during imaging. A light emission instruction for outputting the light is output.
- the illumination unit 104 is not only an illumination that continuously irradiates light on a normal imaging target, but also a light-emitting device called a flash or strobe (registered trademark) that irradiates light on the imaging target in a short time. Good.
- the illumination unit 104 irradiates the object to be imaged with light having a predetermined intensity.
- the imaging control unit 102 supplies a control signal indicating imaging timing to the exposure control unit 103.
- the exposure control unit 103 responds to the control signal indicating the imaging timing supplied from the imaging control unit 102, and emits illumination light that irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium to the illumination unit 104 as described above. Output instructions.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 includes an imaging position (imaging coordinate value) that is an imaged position in the captured three-dimensional space of each of the captured image data obtained by imaging the forgery prevention medium, and an imaging direction (imaging image) of the imaging unit 101.
- An imaging viewpoint that is information including each of (angle) is obtained from a coordinate conversion formula (described later). That is, the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the coordinate position of the forgery prevention medium 400 and the imaging coordinate value of the imaging unit 101 from the captured image data, and obtains the imaging angle of the imaging unit 101 with respect to the forgery prevention medium 400 that captured the captured image data. Then, an imaging viewpoint (a set of imaging coordinate values and imaging angles) is obtained.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the captured image data information including the obtained imaging viewpoint together with the captured image data identification information for identifying each of the captured image data added to the captured image data. Write to table and store. Depending on the observation angle, the pattern of the light that is emitted from the forgery prevention medium and observed with respect to the incident light is different.
- the image capturing unit 101 captures one or a plurality of captured image data of the forgery prevention medium at a predetermined focal length.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 captures an image of a forged imaging medium in a three-dimensional space by using a preset coordinate conversion formula from the captured one or a plurality of captured image data as described above. The observation angle of each data is estimated.
- the coordinate conversion formula used here is a plurality of pieces of captured image data (calibration described later) as pre-processing (preparation for performing authenticity determination processing) for performing authenticity determination processing on the anti-counterfeit medium provided for the authenticity determination target.
- pre-processing preparation for performing authenticity determination processing
- the equation is generated when the coordinate positions of the pixels in the two-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of captured image data are associated with the coordinate positions in the three-dimensional space.
- the coordinate conversion formula generated in advance is written and stored in advance in the image data storage unit 113 for each authentication determination target or authentication determination target.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table in the image data storage unit 113.
- the captured image data table in FIG. 2 includes captured image data identification information, an imaging coordinate value (observation position) that is an imaging viewpoint of the captured image data corresponding to the captured image data identification information, an imaging angle (observation angle), and an imaging.
- Each of the image data addresses is written and stored.
- the captured image data identification information is information for identifying each captured image data.
- the imaging angle is, for example, when any of the vertices or coordinate points of the authenticity determination target is set as the origin in the coordinate system of the three-dimensional space (hereinafter referred to as the three-dimensional coordinate system), This is the angle formed by the imaging direction at the imaging coordinate value of the imaging unit 101 when the captured image data is captured and the normal to the surface of the forgery prevention medium.
- the imaging coordinate value indicates the coordinate position where the imaging unit 101 in the three-dimensional space has captured the authenticity determination target.
- the captured image data address indicates an address of an area in the image data storage unit 113 in which each of the captured image data is stored, and serves as an index for reading the captured image data.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the observation angle of the imaging unit 101 with respect to the anti-counterfeit medium.
- an anti-counterfeit medium 400 prevents counterfeiting and duplication of goods, for example, securities such as banknotes, stock certificates, and gift certificates, or securities such as credit cards, and products such as pharmaceuticals, foods, and luxury brand products. Used to do.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is printed or transferred directly on a cash voucher or securities, and is printed or transferred on a seal sticker or tag attached to a product (or product package).
- a forgery prevention medium 400 is provided on the surface 300A of the credit card 300.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 includes, for example, a diffraction grating or a hologram whose color or pattern changes depending on the observation angle, and an OVD (Optically Variable Device whose color or brightness changes depending on the observation angle. ) Ink and pearl pigments can be used.
- the light source (also referred to as illumination) 200 irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium 400 with imaging light at an irradiation angle ⁇ that is an angle formed between the light irradiation direction 200 ⁇ / b> A and the normal 350.
- the forgery prevention medium When this imaging light is incident, the forgery prevention medium emits a predetermined light pattern. Depending on each of the observation angle ⁇ and the irradiation angle ⁇ , the pattern of light emitted from the anti-counterfeit medium varies with the irradiation light.
- the normal line 350 is a normal line indicating the surface direction of the surface 300A of the credit card 300.
- the observation angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the imaging direction 101A of the imaging unit 101 and the normal line 350.
- the observation angle estimator 105 sets the credit card 3 so that the direction parallel to the normal 350 is the z-axis and each side of the credit card 300 is parallel to each of the x-axis and the y-axis. Place in a dimensional coordinate system.
- the credit card 300 is two-dimensionally composed of an x-axis and a y-axis so that any of the vertices formed by each side of the credit card 300 coincides with the origin O of the three-dimensional coordinate system.
- the thickness direction of the credit card 300 is parallel to the z-axis.
- the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 300 is written and stored in advance in the image data storage unit 113 as previously known information together with the already described coordinate conversion formula.
- the forgery prevention medium 400 may be a hologram that emits various kinds of diffracted light by a diffractive structure.
- various holograms such as a reflection type, a transmission type, a phase type, and a volume type can be used as the hologram.
- the relief type structure which has a concavo-convex structure especially.
- a metallic stamper or the like is used as a method for forming a concavo-convex structure such as the first concavo-convex structure portion 310 and the second concavo-convex structure portion 320 formed in the relief structure forming layer 302 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a metallic stamper or the like is used.
- Various methods such as radiation curable molding, extrusion molding, and hot press molding can be used.
- the first concavo-convex structure portion 310 has a groove-like structure including a concave portion or a convex portion, and is a so-called relief-type diffraction grating structure, or a region in which a plurality of linear concave portions or convex portions with uniform directions are formed.
- a concavo-convex structure such as a directional scattering structure composed of a combination of a plurality of regions having different directions from each other can be used.
- most of ordinary diffraction gratings used for display bodies have a spatial frequency of 500 to 1600 lines / mm, and different colors are given to users who observe from a certain direction depending on the spatial frequency or orientation of the diffraction grating. It is possible to display.
- the directional scattering structure includes a plurality of light scattering structures 331 taking a fixed orientation direction 332 in a specific segment or cell as shown in FIG.
- Each of these light scattering structures 331 is linear, and is arranged substantially in parallel within a specific segment or cell.
- each light scattering structure 331 does not need to be completely parallel, and as long as the area
- the longitudinal direction of the other part of the light scattering structure 331 may cross each other.
- the first concavo-convex structure portion 310 can be provided with a structure such as the relief type diffraction grating structure or a directional scattering structure alone or in combination, but is not necessarily limited to the above-described structure.
- a structure that can be employed in the second concavo-convex structure 320 is shown as a perspective view in FIG.
- the second concavo-convex structure portion 320 shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a plurality of convex portions 321.
- the second concavo-convex structure portion 320 is formed by only the plurality of convex portions 321, but this is only an example, and in the present embodiment, the second concavo-convex structure portion 320 is formed using a plurality of concave portions. Can be formed.
- the surface area of the single concave portion or convex portion provided in the second concave-convex structure portion 320 in the present embodiment is 1 of the occupied area required to arrange the single concave portion or convex portion on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 302. It is preferably 5 times or more.
- the surface area of a single concave portion or convex portion is 1.5 times or more of the occupied area, good low reflectivity and low scattering properties can be obtained. That is, the color tone is clearly different from that of the first concavo-convex structure portion, and is easily recognized when the image is captured by the imaging unit 101.
- the surface area of a single concave or convex portion is smaller than 1.5 times the occupied area, the reflectivity increases, which is not preferable.
- the forward taper shape refers to a case where the cross-sectional area parallel to the substrate surface of the concave portion or convex portion is formed so as to decrease from the proximal end to the distal end of the concave portion or convex portion.
- cones, pyramids, elliptical cones, cylinders or cylinders, prisms or cylinders, truncated cones, truncated pyramids, truncated elliptical cones, cylinders or cylinders with cones examples include a joined shape, a shape in which a pyramid is joined to a prism or a square tube, a hemisphere, a semi-ellipsoid, a bullet shape, and a bowl shape. As shown in FIG.
- the second concave-convex structure portion 320 is irradiated with light as shown in FIG. Then, the second uneven structure portion 320 emits diffracted light in a specific direction with respect to the traveling direction of the incident light 501.
- the diffracted light can be expressed by the following formula.
- d sin ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇
- ⁇ the wavelengths of incident light and diffracted light.
- ⁇ the incident angle of the incident light
- ⁇ the exit angle of the diffracted light
- n the order
- the second concavo-convex structure portion 320 has a forward taper shape in which the distance between the centers of the respective concave portions or convex portions is 400 nm or less.
- with respect to ⁇ 600 nm is approximately 64 °.
- the first concavo-convex structure portion 310 has a so-called diffraction grating structure or the like, it is difficult to set the exit angle of the first-order diffracted light near the incident angle.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is configured to utilize a surface plasmon propagation generated by providing a nanometer-sized micropore or the like on the surface, or by controlling the depth of the concavo-convex structure. You may have the structure which utilizes the structural color which controls the color of the reflected light with respect to light, or transmitted light. Further, the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is configured so as to utilize the recursive reflection characteristics due to, for example, a microsphere or a spherical structure, and forms a gradient in the surface structure of a minute region so as to have a reflection characteristic, thereby allowing incident light only in a specific direction. It may have a configuration such as an angle control mirror that reflects / transmits light, or a configuration such as a printed matter having an uneven shape provided by intaglio printing.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is configured to use a structure that restricts the viewing zone by arranging a large number of wall surfaces having a height used in, for example, a peeping prevention film in a narrow area.
- a configuration that utilizes a parallax barrier system in which an image formed in the back of the surface changes by limiting the viewing zone by thin lines provided at specific intervals above, or a lenticular lens or microlens array For example, it may be configured to take advantage of the fact that the image formed behind the lens appears to change.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 may have a configuration in which, for example, a pearl pigment in which mica is coated with a metal oxide is provided by printing or the like.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 uses, for example, a multilayer thin film whose color changes depending on the reflection angle and transmission angle of incident light due to interference phenomenon by providing a plurality of thin films of transparent materials or metals having different refractive indexes, A structure in which a multilayer thin film is crushed into flakes and provided as a pigment by printing, a structure in which fine particles are coated with a thin film by chemical treatment, etc., and particles that cause interference phenomenon are provided by printing, etc. You may have the structure which fixes and utilizes the liquid crystal material as represented by a polymer etc. As the liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal material provided in a planar shape may be used, or a liquid crystal material provided by printing after being crushed and pigmented may be used.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 has a directivity for reflected light and transmitted light by, for example, aligning a magnetic material represented by iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt, and ferrite by a magnetic force and providing a planar shape.
- a configuration using a magnetic alignment material a configuration in which a multilayer film is provided by adding chemical treatment or the like as described above with the magnetic alignment material as a core, and a nanometer-size typified by silver nanoparticles or quantum dots You may have a structure which utilizes the optical effect produced by particle
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 reads the captured image data from the image data storage unit 113 when obtaining the imaging angle of each captured image data, and each coordinate of the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 300 in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Are associated with each pixel (coordinate) of the captured image data (two-dimensional coordinate system) by the coordinate conversion formula. Thereby, the imaging coordinate value of the captured image data in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the three-dimensional space and the imaging angle of the captured image data from this imaging coordinate value are obtained.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 uses any vertex of the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 300 in the three-dimensional coordinate system as the origin, the normal 350 is parallel to the z-axis, and each side is The credit card 300 is arranged in a three-dimensional space so as to be parallel to the x axis or the y axis.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the imaging coordinate value and the imaging direction of the captured image data of the imaging unit 101 in the three-dimensional coordinate system with reference to the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 300. Accordingly, the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains an imaging angle (observation angle) ⁇ formed by the normal 350 and the imaging direction of the imaging unit 101.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 stores the obtained imaging coordinate value, the imaging angle, and the captured image data address of the captured image data in the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 113 together with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data. Write and memorize it.
- camera calibration is performed on the imaging unit 101 in advance.
- a calibration board having a known three-dimensional shape is imaged once or a plurality of times in an imaging region, and the one or a plurality of captured image data is used to capture a three-dimensional space in a three-dimensional space.
- a coordinate point in the coordinate system is associated with a plurality of coordinate points (two-dimensional pixels) in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data.
- the coordinate conversion formula indicating the relative positional relationship (hereinafter referred to as an external parameter) between the imaging unit 101 and the calibration board, the optical center of the imaging unit 101 and the light incident direction vector at each pixel (two-dimensional pixel), the lens A distortion or the like (hereinafter, an internal parameter of the imaging unit 101) is estimated.
- the observation angle estimation unit 105 described later estimates the observation angle of the captured image data, from a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging the calibration board from a plurality of different imaging viewpoints captured by the imaging unit 101 in advance. That is, the global coordinate system (three-dimensional coordinate system) is reconstructed from the multi-viewpoint captured image data. Then, a coordinate conversion formula indicating the correspondence between the coordinate point in the reconstructed three-dimensional coordinate system of the same pixel and the coordinate point in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data captured by the imaging unit 101 is obtained during camera calibration. Keep it.
- the observation angle is estimated by performing camera calibration (camera calibration) on the imaging unit 101 in advance, and executing the anti-counterfeit medium authentication process in the identification device. It is assumed that the internal parameters of the imaging unit 101 are known, and that the authentication target and the three-dimensional shape of the forgery prevention medium are known. As a result, the image data is captured from a plurality of different imaging viewpoints on the anti-counterfeit medium, and a plurality of corresponding point information between the coordinate point in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the pixel in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data by the coordinate conversion formula And the relative positional relationship between the imaging unit 101 and the forgery prevention medium can be estimated from the plurality of corresponding point coordinates.
- a plurality of corresponding point information of a coordinate point in a three-dimensional coordinate system and a pixel in a two-dimensional coordinate system is obtained from one piece of captured image data by the coordinate conversion formula.
- the relative positional relationship between the imaging unit 101 and the forgery prevention medium can be estimated from the plurality of corresponding point coordinates. That is, the imaging coordinate value and imaging angle (obtained from the imaging direction as described above) of the imaging unit 101 when the forgery prevention medium is imaged can be estimated.
- camera calibration is one of well-known methods, such as Z. Analysis method by Zhang (Z.Zhang, “A flexible new technique for camera calibration”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis, Machine13, 2000. It is possible to estimate an observation angle when data is captured. However, Z. When the observation angle is estimated by applying the analysis method by Zhang, the captured image data input to the identification device is an image captured at the same focus (preferably the same focus) as the focus fixed at the time of camera calibration. Must be data.
- the match ratio notifying unit 106 uses the coordinate position of the forgery prevention medium 400 in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained by the observation angle estimation unit 105, the imaging coordinate value (imaging position) of the imaging unit 101, and the imaging angle (observation angle). Then, a difference as an amount of deviation of the imaging viewpoint (imaging coordinate value and imaging angle) of the imaging unit 101 from the reference imaging viewpoint is obtained.
- the three-dimensional coordinate system is generated using, for example, a marker arranged on the surface of the credit card 300 by the imaging control unit 102 as an origin.
- a feature point in the captured image such as a vertex in the shape of the forgery prevention medium 400 in the credit card 300, may be used as a marker without being arranged by printing or pasting a marker.
- the reference imaging viewpoint is a combination of data of a reference imaging angle and a reference imaging coordinate value.
- the reference imaging viewpoint includes the radiation angle of the irradiation light emitted from the illumination unit 104 to the forgery prevention medium 400 and the forgery prevention medium 400 with respect to the irradiation light.
- Coordinate values in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the illumination unit 104, the imaging unit 101, and the anti-counterfeit medium 400 in the three-dimensional coordinate system so that the light pattern emitted from the imaging unit 101 is incident It is set in advance by the relative relationship.
- the reference imaging viewpoint is set for each authenticity determination device based on the marker.
- a reference imaging viewpoint reference imaging coordinates
- reference imaging angle reference imaging angle
- the match ratio notifying unit 106 includes each of the imaging coordinate value Q (x1, y1, z1) of the imaging unit 101 of the imaging unit 101 at the imaging viewpoint and the imaging angle ⁇ 1 indicating the imaging direction of the imaging unit 101, and the reference at the reference imaging viewpoint. Differences between the coordinate value P (x, y, z) and the reference imaging angle ⁇ are obtained as an imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P ( ⁇ x, ⁇ y, ⁇ z) and an imaging angle difference ⁇ .
- a square difference ⁇ R may be obtained as a distance between the reference coordinate value P and the image coordinate value Q as a difference between the reference coordinate value P and the image coordinate value Q.
- ⁇ R ((x ⁇ x1) 2 + (y ⁇ y1) 2 + (z ⁇ z1) 2 ) 1/2 It is.
- the match ratio notifying unit 106 associates each of the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P and the imaging angle difference ⁇ with an evaluation level in a preset evaluation level table. This evaluation level table differs depending on the notification method of achievement level. Further, the match ratio notifying unit 106 determines whether the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P and the imaging angle difference ⁇ are evaluation values indicating whether the imaging viewpoint is a value close to or far from the reference imaging viewpoint, that is, whether or not authentication is possible. Is converted into a match ratio to notify the user.
- the match rate notification unit 106 displays a match rate display image indicating a match rate, which is a rate of match between the reference imaging viewpoint and the imaging viewpoint, on the display screen 111A, and the user takes an imaging viewpoint with respect to the imaging viewpoint.
- the image capturing viewpoint of the image capturing unit 101 with respect to the forgery prevention medium 400 is urged to move relative to each other so as to match.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C are diagrams showing examples of match ratio display images that the match ratio notification unit 106 displays on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- FIG. 9A to 9C a captured image including the image 1112 of the credit card 300 and the match ratio display image 1111 is displayed on the display screen 111A (display screen of the display unit 112 in FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination device 1.
- a progress bar is used as the match ratio display image 1111.
- the progress meter 1111M is configured such that the bar 1111B fills the area of the ratio corresponding to the calculated matching ratio.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the square difference ⁇ R into a predetermined evaluation formula, and calculates a match ratio as an evaluation value in the progress bar.
- This evaluation formula is a function for calculating the matching ratio displayed on the progress bar in FIGS. 9A to 9C by substituting the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the square difference ⁇ R into variables.
- a two-dimensional evaluation table that reads each matching ratio by taking each of the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the square difference ⁇ R as a dimension may be written in the image data storage unit 113 and prepared. In this case, the match ratio notification unit 106 reads the match ratio from the evaluation table as an evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ and square difference ⁇ R.
- the match rate notifying unit 106 Based on the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ and square difference ⁇ R, the match rate notifying unit 106 performs processing to redisplay the bar 1111B having a ratio corresponding to the achievement level in the progress meter 1111M every time a new match rate is obtained. I do.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram illustrating an example of an achievement level display image when the authenticity determination for the forgery prevention medium ends with true.
- the match rate in the progress bar becomes 100%.
- the match rate notification unit 106 displays the progress bar (match rate display image 1111).
- the progress meter 1111M is filled with the bar 1111B.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true, so that the result notification image 1113 is displayed on the display screen 111A. indicate.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false. Is displayed on the display screen 111A.
- FIG. 10A to 10C are diagrams showing examples of match ratio display images that the match ratio notification unit 106 displays on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- the display screen 111A (the display screen of the display unit 112 in FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination device 1 includes a captured image including an image 1112 of the credit card 300 and a match ratio display image (level image) 1121.
- the match ratio display image is displayed as a level image 1121 that simulates a one-dimensional level.
- the calculated match ratio indicates whether the evaluation bar 1121B is close to or far from the level value 1121T in the H direction.
- the match rate notification unit 106 corresponds to the match rate of the imaging viewpoint with respect to the reference imaging viewpoint, and moves the evaluation bar 1121B to a distance closer to the level value 1121T if the match rate is large, while if the match rate is small, The evaluation bar 1121B is moved to a distance far from the level value 1121T. Further, the match rate notification unit 106 moves the evaluation bar 1121B upward in the level value 1121T when the distance is positive, and moves the evaluation bar 1121B downward in the level value 1121T when the distance is negative.
- the match rate notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into a predetermined evaluation formula, and calculates a match rate as an evaluation value in the level.
- the distance (evaluation value) between the level value 1121T and the evaluation bar 1121B in the level 1121M in FIGS. 10A to 10C is matched by substituting the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into variables. It is a function calculated as a percentage.
- a two-dimensional evaluation table for reading the matching ratio with each of the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P as a dimension may be written in advance and prepared in the image data storage unit 113. In this case, the match rate notification unit 106 reads the distance between the level value 1121T as the match rate and the evaluation bar 1121B from the evaluation table as an evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ and imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P.
- FIG. 10B shows that the evaluation bar 1121B overlaps with the level value 1121T at a predetermined rate, and the reference imaging viewpoint matches the imaging viewpoint.
- the user can visually recognize that the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is ready for authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true, so that the result notification image 1113 is displayed on the display screen 111A. indicate.
- FIG. 10C shows the result notification image 1113 displayed.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false. Is displayed on the display screen 111A.
- FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C are diagrams showing an example of the match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- FIG. 11A to 11C the captured image including the image 1112 of the credit card 300 and the match ratio display image (face image) 1131 is displayed on the display screen 111A (display screen of the display unit 112 of FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination device 1. It is displayed.
- the match ratio display image is displayed as a three-dimensional CG (computer graphics) image (hereinafter referred to as a face image) imitating a human face.
- CG computer graphics
- the degree of inclination of the face image 1131 corresponding to the matching ratio is determined by facing in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
- the rotation angle of the orientation in the left-right direction indicates an evaluation value based on the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P that is the difference between the reference imaging coordinate value and the imaging coordinate value
- the tilt angle in the vertical direction from the horizontal position Indicates an evaluation value based on an imaging angle difference ⁇ that is a difference between the reference imaging angle and the imaging angle.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 rotates the face inclination of the face image 1131 to the left by the rotation angle, while the rotation angle If is positive (+), the face inclination of the face image 1131 is rotated to the right by the rotation angle. Further, if the inclination angle, which is the evaluation value based on the imaging angle difference ⁇ , is negative, the coincidence ratio notifying unit 106 inclines the face of the face image 1131 downward by an angle, while if the inclination angle is positive. For example, the face of the face image 1131 is tilted upward by an angle.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into a predetermined first evaluation formula, and calculates the left and right rotation angles of the face image 1131 as the match ratio.
- This first evaluation formula is a function in which the rotation angle (evaluation value) of the face image 1131 is calculated as a matching ratio by substituting the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into a variable.
- This first evaluation formula outputs a negative rotation angle if the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P is negative, and outputs a positive rotation angle if the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P is positive.
- the reciprocal relationship in which the rotation angle is required to be small.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ into a predetermined second evaluation formula, and calculates the vertical tilt angle of the face image 1131 as the match ratio.
- This second evaluation formula is a function in which the vertical inclination (evaluation value) of the face image 1131 is calculated as a matching ratio by substituting the imaging angle difference ⁇ into a variable.
- This second evaluation formula outputs a negative rotation angle if the imaging angle difference ⁇ is negative, and outputs a positive rotation angle if the imaging angle difference ⁇ is positive. A small angle is required.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P is taken as a dimension and a one-dimensional first evaluation table for reading out the matching ratio is written in advance in the image data storage unit 113 and prepared.
- the coincidence ratio notifying unit 106 reads the left and right rotation angles of the face image 1131 as the coincidence ratio from the first evaluation table as an evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the one-dimensional second evaluation table for taking the imaging angle difference ⁇ as a dimension and reading out the matching ratio is written in the image data storage unit 113 in advance.
- the match rate notification unit 106 reads the angle of the vertical inclination of the face image 1131 as the match rate from the second evaluation table as an evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ .
- FIG. 11B shows a case where the face image 1131 faces the front, that is, both the left and right rotation angles and the up and down inclination angles of the face image 1131 are 0 (or within a range determined to be a predetermined match). Show. The user can visually recognize that the face image 1131 has turned to the front without looking away, so that the anti-counterfeit medium 400 can be authenticated. When the authenticity determination is performed and the process ends as true, the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true, so that the result notification image 1113 is displayed on the display screen 111A. indicate.
- FIG. 11C shows the result notification image 1113 displayed.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false. Is displayed on the display screen 111A.
- the table may be tilted in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and a CG on which the ball rolls may be displayed on the table.
- the authenticity determination device 1 may be configured to move relative to the anti-counterfeit medium 400 so that the ball stably stops at the position of the stop mark at the center of the table.
- a cup is placed on the table, and the user moves the authenticity determination device 1 relative to the anti-counterfeit medium 400 so that the table is stabilized horizontally so that liquid in the cup does not spill. You may comprise as follows.
- FIG. 12A to 12C are diagrams showing an example of the match ratio display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match ratio notification unit 106.
- the display screen 111A (display screen of the display unit 112 in FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination apparatus 1 includes an image 1112 of the credit card 300, a match rate display image 1141, and a match rate display image 1151.
- An image is displayed.
- each of the match rate display images 1141 and 1151 is displayed as a shield image of the image 1112.
- the matching ratio is notified by the size of the area where the image 1112 is blocked by the matching ratio display image 1141 and the matching ratio display image 1151 corresponding to the matching ratio.
- an area shielded by the match ratio display image 1141 in the left-right direction shows an evaluation value based on the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P that is the difference between the reference imaging coordinate value and the imaging coordinate value, and matches in the vertical direction.
- An area shielded by the ratio display image 1151 indicates an evaluation value based on an imaging angle difference ⁇ that is a difference between the reference imaging angle and the imaging angle.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 blocks the area of the area corresponding to the match ratio on the left side of the image 1112 with the match ratio display image 1141.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 blocks the area of the area corresponding to the match ratio on the right side of the image 1112 with the match ratio display image 1141.
- the match rate notification unit 106 blocks the area corresponding to the match rate on the lower side of the image 1112 with the match rate display image 1151.
- the match rate notification unit 106 blocks the area corresponding to the match rate on the upper side of the image 1112 with the match rate display image 1151 if the evaluation value based on the imaging angle difference ⁇ is positive. .
- the match ratio notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into a predetermined first evaluation formula, and calculates the left and right occluded regions in the image 1112 as the match ratio.
- This first evaluation formula is a function that calculates the shift amount shifted to the left and right of the match ratio display image 1141 as a match ratio by substituting the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P into a variable.
- This first evaluation formula outputs a shift amount for moving the match ratio display image 1141 to the right on the display screen 111A if the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P is negative, and if the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P is positive, the display screen 111A.
- the shift amount for moving the match ratio display image 1141 to the left is output.
- the first evaluation formula calculates the shift amount of the match ratio display image 1141 from the reference position so that the shielded area of the image 1112 becomes smaller as the match ratio increases.
- the match rate notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ into a predetermined second evaluation formula, and calculates a shift amount to be shifted up and down the match rate display image 1151 as the match rate corresponding to the match rate.
- This second evaluation formula substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ into a variable, so that if the imaging angle difference ⁇ is negative, a shift amount for moving the match ratio display image 1151 downward on the display screen 111A is output. If the value difference ⁇ P is positive, a shift amount for moving the match ratio display image 1151 upward on the display screen 111A is output.
- the shift amount from the reference position is calculated so that the shielded area of the image 1112 becomes smaller as the matching ratio is larger.
- a configuration may be adopted in which a one-dimensional first evaluation table for reading the shift amount of the matching ratio display image 1141 is written in the image data storage unit 113 in advance, with the imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P as a dimension.
- the match rate notification unit 106 reads the shift amount in the left-right direction of the match rate display image 1141 as the match rate from the first evaluation table as the evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P.
- the imaging angle difference ⁇ may be taken as a dimension
- a one-dimensional second evaluation table for reading out the shift amount of the match ratio display image 1151 may be written in advance in the image data storage unit 113 and prepared.
- the match rate notification unit 106 reads the shift amount in the vertical direction of the image 1151 (match rate display image) as the match rate from the second evaluation table as the evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ .
- FIG. 12B shows that the image 1112 is not occluded by each of the match ratio display image 1141 and the match ratio display image 1151, that is, the reference imaging viewpoint and the imaging viewpoint match within a predetermined error range. Yes.
- the user can visually recognize that the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is ready for authenticity because the image 1112 is not shielded by the match ratio display image 1141 and the match ratio display image 1151.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true, so that the result notification image 1113 is displayed on the display screen 111A. indicate.
- FIG. 12C shows the result notification image 1113 displayed.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false. Is displayed on the display screen 111A.
- the dome with a hole at the top is displayed together with the image 1112 on the display screen 111A, and the display position of the dome is moved according to the match ratio.
- the matching ratio of the imaging viewpoint with respect to the reference imaging viewpoint increases, the area where the image 1112 can be observed from the hole of the dome may be increased.
- FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing examples of match ratio display images that the match ratio notification unit 106 displays on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- FIG. 13A to 13C a captured image including the image 1112 of the credit card 300 and the reference density frame 1115 is displayed on the display screen 111A (display screen of the display unit 112 in FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination device 1.
- an image in the reference density frame 1115 corresponds to a state in which the density is captured.
- an image outside the standard density frame 1115 is displayed with a density corresponding to a matching ratio between the reference imaging viewpoint and the imaging viewpoint.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 is configured to display an image outside the reference density frame 1115 at a density corresponding to the match ratio.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 substitutes the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the square difference ⁇ R into a predetermined evaluation formula, and calculates the match ratio as the density coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ 1) of the image outside the reference density frame 1115.
- This evaluation formula is a function for calculating a density coefficient ⁇ that is multiplied by the gradation of the image outside the reference density frame 1115 in FIGS. 13A to 13C by substituting the difference ⁇ and the difference ⁇ R into variables.
- a two-dimensional evaluation table that reads each matching ratio by taking each of the imaging angle difference ⁇ and the square difference ⁇ R as a dimension may be written in the image data storage unit 113 and prepared.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 reads out the density coefficient ⁇ that is the match ratio from the evaluation table as an evaluation value corresponding to the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ and square difference ⁇ R. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13A, the gradation coefficient of each pixel is multiplied by the density coefficient ⁇ corresponding to the matching ratio. For this reason, the image density of the area 1112A of the image 1112 outside the reference density frame 1115 is displayed at a density corresponding to the matching ratio. On the other hand, the area 1112B of the image 1112 in the reference density frame 1115 is displayed with the density as it is captured.
- the density coefficient ⁇ is set so as to approach 1 as the matching ratio approaches 100%.
- the user recognizes that the density of the image of the region 1112A of the image 1112 outside the reference density frame 1115 changes by moving the authenticity determination device 1. Then, the user sets the authenticity determination device 1 so that the image density of the area 1112A of the image 1112 outside the reference density frame 1115 is close to the image density of the area 1112B of the image 1112 within the reference density frame 1115. Will be moved. Thereby, in this embodiment, it can be made to make a user recognize easily whether it is in the state which can authenticate the forgery prevention medium. Therefore, the user can visually recognize that the process of authenticity determination is surely progressing, and can proceed with the process of authenticity determination smoothly.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 reads out the density coefficient ⁇ corresponding to the match ratio from the evaluation table based on the obtained imaging angle difference ⁇ and square difference ⁇ R, and multiplies the read density coefficient ⁇ by the read tone coefficient ⁇ . This is performed each time a new match ratio is obtained, and the process of redisplaying the area 1112A is performed.
- FIG. 13B shows that in the image 1112, the region 1112A has the same density as the region 1112B, that is, the reference imaging viewpoint and the imaging viewpoint match within a predetermined error range. The user can visually recognize that the region 1112A has the same density as the region 1112B, so that the authenticity of the forgery prevention medium 400 can be determined.
- FIG. 13C is a diagram illustrating an example of a match ratio display image when the authenticity determination with respect to the forgery prevention medium ends with true.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 displays a result notification image 1113 on the display screen 111A in order to intuitively notify the user that the result of authenticity determination is true.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 intuitively notifies the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false. Is displayed on the display screen 111A.
- the image capturing unit 101 sends an image capturing instruction signal for instructing image capturing to the image capturing unit 101. Output.
- the imaging instruction signal is supplied from the match ratio notification unit 106
- the imaging unit 101 performs imaging processing, and writes and stores the captured image data in the image data storage unit 113.
- the available image selection unit 107 determines whether the captured image data captured by the imaging unit 101 is captured image data that can be used for authentication processing.
- the available image selection unit 107 selects captured image data that can be used for authentication processing from the captured image data captured by the imaging unit 101, for example, all the shapes of the forgery prevention medium 400 are captured. Judgment processing is performed such as whether or not the image data is captured, whether or not the image data is in focus, and whether or not the luminance histogram distribution (described later) is appropriate.
- the available image selection unit 107 sets the captured image data that can be used for the authentication process when the captured image data satisfies all the determination processes.
- the usable image selection unit 107 assigns determination image data identification information to the captured image data determined to be usable for the authentication process, and stores the image data together with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data. The information is written and stored in the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the unit 113.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113.
- the determination image data identification information, the captured image data of the captured image data indicated by the determination image data identification information, and the start address of the area where the correct image data is stored are stored.
- the correct image data address shown, and the similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data are written and stored in association with each other.
- the determination image data identification information is identification information for identifying captured image data that can be used for authentication processing.
- the captured image data identification information is identification information for identifying captured image data.
- the correct image data address indicates the address of the area of the image data storage unit 113 in which each of the captured image data is stored, and serves as an index when the correct image data is read from the image data storage unit 113.
- the correct image data stored in the correct image data address is image data for comparison with corresponding captured image data.
- the similarity is a numerical value indicating the degree of similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data.
- the correct image generation unit 108 generates correct image data used for comparison with the captured image data selected by the available image selection unit 107.
- the correct image data is image data observed from the same observation angle as the captured image data, and is obtained from simulation or imaged image data obtained by imaging the forgery prevention medium 400 in advance corresponding to the structure of the forgery prevention medium 400.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is formed from a diffraction grating or holography
- the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is formed from OVD ink or a pearl pigment containing a pigment coated with a metal oxide on mica.
- the correct image generation unit 108 generates correct image data corresponding to each of the above cases. For example, when the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is formed using a diffraction grating, correct image data is calculated by simulation using a correct image generation function with an observation angle as a parameter based on design information of the diffraction grating. To generate. Then, the correct image generation unit 108 writes and stores the generated correct image data in the image data storage unit 113, and sets the start address of the written area as the correct image data address. The correct image generation unit 108 writes and stores the correct image data address in the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113 in association with the captured image identification information of the captured image data to be compared.
- the medium 400 is imaged from all observation angles, and the captured image data is stored in the image data storage unit 113 as a database as correct image data.
- the correct image generation unit 108 reads out correct image data from the database in correspondence with the observation angle of the captured image data to be compared, and corresponds to the captured image identification information of the captured image data to be compared. It is good also as a structure which writes in and memorize
- the similarity calculation unit 109 refers to the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113 and sequentially reads each of the captured image data identification information and the correct image data address corresponding to the determination image data identification information. Then, the similarity calculation unit 109 reads the captured image data address corresponding to the captured image data identification information from the captured image data table in the image data storage unit 113. Thereby, the similarity calculation unit 109 reads the captured image data corresponding to the captured image data address and the correct image data corresponding to the correct image data address from the image data storage unit 113.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 calculates the similarity of the captured image data with respect to the read correct image data by template matching.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 for example, for each pixel corresponding to each of the captured image data and the correct image data (for each color image, RGB (Red (red), Green (green), Blue (blue)) The average square error of the luminance values is obtained, and the average square error is added to all the pixels (pixels) or some corresponding pixels, and the addition result is output as a numerical value indicating the similarity.
- the lower the numerical value of the similarity the more similar the captured image data and the correct image data, and some of the corresponding pixels are significantly different depending on the observation angle with respect to other pixels in the correct image data. Different characteristic light pattern portions are selected and used.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 converts the RGB values of all or some of the pixels of the captured image data and the correct image data into appropriate color spaces, and then squares the Euclidean distance in the color space. It is good also as a structure which adds this and outputs this addition result as a numerical value which shows similarity. Also in this case, as in the case of using the mean square error, the lower the similarity value, the more similar the captured image data and the correct image data.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 sequentially corresponds to the determination image data identification information of the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113, and the correct image corresponding to each captured image data and the captured image data. Find similarity to data. Then, the similarity calculation unit 109 associates the obtained similarity with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data for which the similarity is obtained, with respect to the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113. To write and memorize.
- the evaluation is performed based on the RGB color tone between the predetermined pixels, that is, the R / G (ratio between the R gradation degree and the G gradation degree) between the predetermined pixels of the captured image data, and the predetermined image data of the captured image data. It is configured to calculate a mean square error with R / G between pixels of correct image data corresponding to between pixels, absorb a difference in intensity of illumination light, and calculate a numerical value indicating a high degree of similarity. You may do it.
- R / G is obtained as a ratio obtained by dividing the R gradation of the pixel A by the G gradation of the pixel B. Further, not only R / G but also B / G (the ratio between the gradation of B and the gradation of G) may be used in combination.
- a combination of pixels in which R / G and B / G are increased is set in advance.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 uses the similarity corresponding to the determined image data identification information from the captured image data table for authenticity determination. Read the degree. Then, the authenticity determination unit 110 compares each degree of similarity corresponding to the read determination image data identification information with a preset similarity threshold.
- the similarity threshold calculates the degree of similarity between captured image data captured at an arbitrary imaging viewpoint (within a predetermined range of the reference imaging viewpoint) and correct image data obtained corresponding to the reference imaging viewpoint of the captured image data.
- an experimental value that is a numerical value that exceeds the similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data for each observation angle is obtained and set in advance. Different similarity threshold values are obtained for each observation angle, and the authenticity determination unit 110 performs an anti-counterfeit medium authenticity determination process using the similarity threshold value corresponding to the observation angle.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 obtains the similarity of the captured image data to the correct image data, and if the similarity to the correct image data is equal to or greater than the similarity threshold, the credit card 300 (with the forgery prevention medium 400 ( It is determined that (authentication determination target) is false (is a fake).
- the authenticity determination unit 110 obtains the similarity of captured image data from one to a plurality of images, and if all the similarities are less than the similarity threshold, the credit card 300 (authenticity) to which the forgery prevention medium 400 is added. The determination target) is determined to be true (genuine).
- the imaging control unit 102 determines whether or not the imaging unit 101 at the time of imaging satisfies imaging conditions for imaging captured image data having a quality comparable to the correct image data.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the presence or absence of illumination or the intensity of illumination is added as necessary to the exposure conditions in this imaging condition.
- the imaging control unit 102 generates a luminance histogram when setting the exposure condition in the imaging unit 101 as the imaging condition.
- the imaging control unit 102 indicates the distribution of the gradation of each pixel, and the generated luminance in determining whether the distribution of the gradation in the captured image data is not biased toward the high gradation level or the low gradation level.
- a histogram is used. For example, when the distribution of gradation in the luminance histogram is biased toward the low gradation, that is, the gradation is expressed in 256 levels from “0” to “255”, and the gradation in the captured image data is “0”. When there are many neighboring pixels, blackout occurs in the captured image data, and comparison with the correct image data cannot be performed.
- the imaging control unit 102 determines whether or not the illumination needs to be adjusted based on the distribution of the gradation level of the luminance histogram. When it is estimated that blackout will occur and the adjustment of illumination that shifts the distribution of the luminance histogram to the high gradation level is necessary, the imaging control unit 102 may counterfeit the exposure control unit 103 during imaging of the illumination unit 104.
- the prevention medium 400 is illuminated with a predetermined intensity (for example, flash light is irradiated in the imaging direction).
- the imaging control unit 102 irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium 400 with illumination having a light intensity necessary for the user.
- a prompting display is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- the imaging control unit 102 captures the illumination unit 104 with respect to the exposure control unit 103. At this time, the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is not illuminated or at a predetermined intensity. In addition, the imaging control unit 102 displays a display prompting the user to reduce the intensity of illumination around the current anti-counterfeit medium 400 in order to irradiate the anti-counterfeit medium 400 with illumination having a necessary light intensity. Displayed on the display screen of the unit 112.
- an exposure control table describing the distribution state of the luminance histogram and the control conditions such as the exposure condition and illumination intensity corresponding to the distribution state is created and written in advance in the image data storage unit 113. It is good also as a structure.
- the imaging control unit 102 searches the exposure control table in the image data storage unit 113 for a luminance histogram similar to the luminance histogram pattern of the captured image data to be captured, and exposes exposure conditions and illumination intensity of the captured image data to be captured. And the like, and the control conditions are displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 as described above.
- an illuminance sensor may be provided for the exposure control unit 103, and the exposure condition and the illumination illuminance may be set according to the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor.
- an exposure control table describing the illuminance and the control conditions such as the exposure condition corresponding to the illuminance and the intensity of illumination may be created and written in the image data storage unit 113 in advance.
- the imaging control unit 102 searches from the exposure control table in the image data storage unit 113 in correspondence with the illuminance at the time of imaging the captured image data, and sets the exposure conditions and illumination intensity of the captured image data to be captured.
- the control condition information is read out, and the control condition is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 as described above.
- the display unit 112 is a liquid crystal display, for example, and displays an image on its own display screen.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an imaging operation of captured image data used for authenticity determination processing for an authentication target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification device according to the first embodiment.
- the forgery prevention medium 400 is imaged in the moving image mode.
- the imaging control unit 102 detects the current imaging condition of the authenticity determination target in the imaging unit 101, for example, detects an exposure condition.
- Step S2 The imaging control unit 102 determines whether or not all of the imaging conditions such as the exposure condition are conditions under which captured image data with a quality that can be compared with the correct image data can be captured. At this time, the imaging control unit 102 advances the process to step S ⁇ b> 3 when the imaging condition is such that captured image data with quality that can be compared with the correct image data is captured. On the other hand, the imaging control unit 102 advances the process to step S ⁇ b> 4 when the imaging image data having quality that can be compared with the correct image data is not an imaging condition capable of imaging.
- Step S3 When the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the imaging angle at the imaging viewpoint of the imaging unit 101, the coordinate position of the forgery prevention medium 400 in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the imaging coordinate value at the imaging viewpoint of the imaging unit 101 are obtained from the captured image data. Ask for. Further, the observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the imaging angle of the imaging unit 101 with respect to the forgery prevention medium 400 from the coordinate position of the forgery prevention medium 400 in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the imaging coordinate value of the imaging unit 101, and this imaging unit 101. Each of the imaging coordinate value and the imaging angle is set as an imaging viewpoint of the imaging unit 101.
- the match ratio notification unit 106 displays a match ratio display image on the display screen 111A so that the imaging viewpoint of the imaging unit 101 matches a reference imaging viewpoint set in advance corresponding to the authenticity determination device 1, and provides the user with a match ratio display image. On the other hand, the authenticity determination device 1 is prompted to move. Then, when it is determined that the imaging viewpoint matches the reference imaging viewpoint, the match ratio notification unit 106 outputs an imaging instruction signal to the imaging control unit 102.
- Step S4 The imaging control unit 102 displays a condition that is not satisfied in the imaging condition on the display screen of the display unit 112, suggests adjustment of the condition that is not satisfied in the imaging condition to the user, and advances the processing to step S1.
- Step S5 The imaging control unit 102 causes the imaging unit 101 to perform imaging processing, and obtains captured image data of the forgery prevention medium 400.
- the imaging control unit 102 extracts a frame at the imaging viewpoint as captured image data that matches the reference imaging viewpoint in the movie.
- the process of extracting the frame is a process of capturing captured image data.
- Step S6 Then, the imaging control unit 102 adds captured image data identification information to the captured captured image data, and together with the captured image data address that is the address of the area in the image data storage unit 113 in which the captured image data is written, the image data storage unit 113 is written and stored.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing in detail the imaging viewpoint guidance processing of the imaging device in step S3 in the flowchart of FIG. A case will be described as an example where the match ratio display images of FIGS. 9A to 9C are displayed on the display screen 111A.
- Step S302 The match ratio notifying unit 106 is configured so that the observation angle estimation unit 105 indicates the reference imaging viewpoint (reference imaging angle and reference imaging coordinate value) of the correct image data set at the relative position corresponding to the coordinate position of the forgery prevention medium 400. It is calculated as an absolute position corresponding to the obtained three-dimensional coordinate system.
- Step S303 The observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the imaging coordinate value of the imaging unit 101 in the three-dimensional coordinate system from the captured image data using a coordinate conversion formula.
- Step S304 The match ratio notification unit 106 obtains an imaging coordinate value difference ⁇ P as a difference between the reference imaging coordinate value and the imaging coordinate value.
- Step S305 The coincidence ratio notifying unit 106 obtains a square difference ⁇ R as a coordinate evaluation value from the obtained coordinate difference ⁇ P.
- Step S306 The observation angle estimation unit 105 obtains the imaging angle of the imaging unit 101 in the three-dimensional coordinate system from the captured image data using a coordinate conversion formula.
- Step S307 The match ratio notification unit 106 obtains an imaging angle difference ⁇ as a difference between the reference imaging angle and the imaging angle.
- Step S308 The coincidence ratio notifying unit 106 reads out and obtains a coincidence ratio corresponding to the square difference ⁇ R and the imaging angle difference ⁇ from the evaluation table.
- Step S309 The match rate notification unit 106 displays the calculated match rate on the display screen 111A as shown in FIG. 9A.
- Step S310 The match rate notification unit 106 determines whether or not the match rate is included in a predetermined range set in advance, that is, whether or not the imaging viewpoint matches the reference imaging viewpoint. At this time, if the imaging viewpoint matches the reference imaging viewpoint, the match ratio notification unit 106 ends the process (proceeds to step S5 in FIG. 15). On the other hand, when the imaging viewpoint does not match the reference imaging viewpoint, the match ratio notification unit 106 proceeds to step S301.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of authentication processing for an authentication target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification device according to the first embodiment.
- Step S21 The available image selection unit 107 determines whether unprocessed captured image data exists in the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 113. At this time, when there is unprocessed captured image data in the captured image data table, the available image selection unit 107 advances the process to step S22. On the other hand, when there is no captured image data that has not been processed in the captured image data table, the available image selection unit 107 repeats the process of step S21.
- Step S22 The available image selection unit 107 reads the captured image data address of the captured image data that has not been processed from the captured image data table.
- the available image selection unit 107 reads unprocessed captured image data from the image data storage unit 113 based on the captured image data address, and uses it to determine whether or not comparison with correct image data is possible.
- Step S23 The available image selection unit 107 determines whether each of the read captured image data can be compared with the correct image data.
- the available image selection unit 107 for example, whether the shape of the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is captured in the captured image data or whether the focus is in focus, and the distribution of the luminance histogram is appropriate. Whether or not.
- the available image selection unit 107 proceeds with the process to step S23, while the captured image data cannot be compared with the correct image data. If so, the process proceeds to step S24.
- Step S24 When it is determined that the comparison is possible, the usable image selection unit 107 adds determination image data identification information to the captured image data. Then, the usable image selection unit 107 writes the captured image data identification information of the captured image data together with the assigned determination image data identification information to the captured image data table for authenticity determination of the image data storage unit 113.
- the usable image selection unit 107 adds determination image data identification information to the captured image data. Then, the usable image selection unit 107 writes the captured image data identification information of the captured image data together with the assigned determination image data identification information to the captured image data table for authenticity determination of the image data storage unit 113.
- Step S25 When it is determined that the comparison is not possible, the usable image selection unit 107 returns the process to step S21 and performs the captured image data acquisition process again.
- the available image selection unit 107 may be configured to display a notification that suggests that the image capturing viewpoint being captured is captured and the forgery prevention medium 400 is captured on the display screen of the display unit 112. .
- This notification is a notification for obtaining captured image data with an appropriate focus and luminance histogram distribution.
- the user has been subjected to the authentication process of the anti-counterfeit medium 400 and further acquires information on the anti-counterfeit medium 400 in order to advance the process of authenticity determination. Recognize that there is a need.
- Step S26 The correct image generation unit 108 generates the correct image data corresponding to the imaging viewpoint of the captured image data based on the imaging viewpoint of the captured image data by calculating a predetermined simulation or the like.
- the correct image generation unit 108 writes the generated correct image data into the image data storage unit 113, and writes and stores the written address as a correct image data address in the authenticity determination captured image data table.
- Step S27 The similarity calculation unit 109 reads captured image data identification information for which similarity calculation processing has not been performed, from the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113. Then, the similarity calculation unit 109 reads a captured image data address corresponding to the read captured image data identification information from the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 113. The similarity calculation unit 109 reads captured image data corresponding to the read captured image data address from the image data storage unit 113. Further, the similarity calculation unit 109 reads the correct image data address of the corresponding imaging angle from the authenticity determination captured image data table, and reads the correct image data from the image data storage unit 113 based on the correct image data address.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 calculates the similarity of the captured image data with respect to the correct image data by template matching.
- the similarity calculation unit 109 writes and stores the calculated similarity in the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113 in association with the captured image data identification information.
- Step S28 The authenticity determination unit 110 reads the similarity of captured image data that has not been determined from the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113, and whether or not the read similarity is less than a preset similarity threshold. Judgment is made. Then, the authenticity determination unit 110 determines whether or not the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the captured image data identification information read from the captured image data table for authenticity determination is less than the similarity threshold. At this time, if the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the read captured image data identification information is less than the similarity threshold, the authenticity determination unit 110 is true for the forgery prevention medium and the authenticity determination target is genuine (genuine). Then, the process proceeds to step S29.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 determines whether the anti-counterfeit medium is fake (fake) and the authenticity determination target is an unauthorized product. If so, the process proceeds to step S30.
- Step S29 The authenticity determination unit 110 displays an image indicating that the authenticity determination target is genuine on the display screen via the display unit 112 (see, for example, FIG. 9C). And the authenticity determination apparatus 1 complete
- Step S30 The authenticity determination unit 110 displays an image on the display screen via the display unit 112 indicating that the authentication target is an unauthorized product. And the authenticity determination apparatus 1 complete
- the match rate notification unit 106 determines whether or not the imaging viewpoint is a preset reference imaging viewpoint on the display screen of the display unit 112, and the reference imaging viewpoint and the imaging are determined. Whether the matching ratio with the viewpoint is high or low is displayed as the progress degree of the authenticity determination process based on the matching ratio display image indicating the matching ratio of the imaging viewpoint with respect to the reference imaging viewpoint. For this reason, according to this embodiment, when the user moves the authenticity determination device 1, the achievement degree display indicates which state is the degree of progress toward whether or not the authenticity determination process is performed. It becomes possible to recognize intuitively by the change of the image.
- the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium is compared with the correct image data that is an image of the true anti-counterfeit medium at the observation angle of the captured image data.
- it is a simple image like a general-purpose digital camera without using a special authenticity determination device as before and not depending on the installation status of the anti-counterfeit medium in order to determine whether it is a bag
- Based on the captured image of the anti-counterfeit medium by the imaging device it is possible to easily determine the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium (identification of genuine or fake).
- the coincidence ratio in which the match rate notification unit 106 displays a progress bar indicating the state of achievement of authenticity determination on the display screen 111A of the display unit 112.
- the display image has been described as an example of notifying the state of progress of authenticity determination.
- the match rate notification unit 106 displays the display screen 111A of the display unit 112 with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10C, 11A to 11C, 12A to 12C, and 13A to 13C. It is good also as a structure which notifies the progress degree of authenticity determination by displaying the image shown in (5) as a coincidence ratio display image.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the identification device according to the second embodiment.
- the authenticity determination apparatus 1A includes an imaging unit 101, an imaging control unit 102, an exposure control unit 103, an illumination unit 104, an observation angle estimation unit 105, a match rate notification unit 106, an available image selection unit 107, and a correct image generation.
- the imaging unit 101 and the illumination unit 104 are integrated, and has a configuration corresponding to the process of authenticating an anti-counterfeit medium that performs retroreflection.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only different components will be described below.
- an achievement degree notification unit 111 is added to the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 calculates the number of determination information by integrating the supplied determination information. Then, the achievement level notification unit 111 divides the obtained number of pieces of determination information by the prescribed number to obtain the degree of achievement, and notifies the user of the obtained degree of achievement.
- the reference imaging viewpoints are set for a plurality of prescribed number, for each reference imaging viewpoint, a process for guiding the imaging viewpoint of the imaging unit 101 to the reference imaging viewpoint is performed for the above-described user, and for each reference imaging viewpoint.
- Captured image data is acquired at a corresponding imaging viewpoint, and authenticity determination is performed on each captured image data.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 integrates the supplied determination information to obtain the number of determination information. Then, the achievement level notification unit 111 divides the obtained number of pieces of determination information by the prescribed number to obtain the degree of achievement, and notifies the user of the obtained degree of achievement.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 displays, for example, an achievement level display image that allows the user to intuitively recognize the progress level of the achievement level when notifying the calculated achievement level.
- the available image selection unit 107 determines whether or not newly captured image data is a reference imaging viewpoint that has already been obtained.
- the number of predetermined reference imaging viewpoints is set in advance and corresponds to the reliability level of authenticity determination.
- the number of captured image data used for authenticity determination that is, a prescribed number of different reference imaging viewpoints (combinations of imaging angles and imaging coordinate values) for capturing each captured image data for authenticity determination is set in advance.
- the available image selection unit 107 matches the already obtained reference imaging viewpoint, the available image selection unit 107 deletes the data corresponding to the captured image data identification information corresponding to the imaging viewpoint from the captured image data table for authenticity determination. .
- the available image selection unit 107 sends the correct image to the correct image generation unit 108. Generate it.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 obtains the similarity of captured image data from one to a plurality of images, and if even one image has a similarity with the corresponding correct image data equal to or greater than the similarity threshold, the forgery prevention medium 400 is added. It is determined that the credit card 300 (authentication determination target) is false (is a fake). On the other hand, the authenticity determination unit 110 obtains the similarity of captured image data from one to a plurality of images, and if all the similarities are less than the similarity threshold, the credit card 300 (authenticity) to which the forgery prevention medium 400 is added. The determination target) is determined to be true (genuine).
- the authenticity determination unit 110 achieves determination information indicating that the authenticity determination for the anti-counterfeit medium 400 is true each time the authenticity determination is performed on the captured image data of the imaging viewpoint and is determined to be true. Output to the degree notification unit 111.
- FIGS. 19A to 19C are diagrams showing examples of the match rate display image and the achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 by the match rate notification unit 106 and the achievement level notification unit 111.
- the display screen 111A (display screen of the display unit 112 of FIG. 1) in the authenticity determination device 1 includes an image 1112 of the credit card 300, a match rate display image 1111 and an achievement display image 2111. An image is displayed.
- 19A to 19C a progress bar is used as each of the match rate display image 1111 and the achievement level display image 2111. Since the match ratio display image 1111 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, description thereof will be omitted below. Then, as shown in FIGS.
- the progress meter 2111M is configured such that the bar 2111B fills the area of the ratio corresponding to the calculated achievement level. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the progress of the authenticity determination and the progress of the authenticity determination stage can be easily recognized by the user. Therefore, the user can visually recognize that the process of authenticity determination is surely progressing, and can proceed with the process of authenticity determination smoothly.
- the achievement level notifying unit 111 newly determines the achievement level of the bar 2111B having an area corresponding to the achievement level in the progress meter 2111M based on the achievement level obtained by dividing the number of pieces of determination information by the specified number. Every time it is displayed, it is displayed again.
- FIG. 19C is a diagram illustrating an example of an achievement level display image when the authenticity determination for the forgery prevention medium ends with true. When the authenticity determination process ends as true, the achievement level becomes 100%. Therefore, the achievement level notification unit 111 satisfies all the progress meters 2111M in the progress bar (achievement level display image 2111) with the bar 2111B.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 displays the result notification image 1113 on the display screen 111A in order to intuitively notify the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true.
- the result notification image 1113 includes, for example, a character image 1113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the achievement notification unit 111 deletes the image of the bar 1111B from the progress meter 1111M in the progress bar. Then, the authenticity determination unit 110 displays a result notification image 1113 including a character image indicating “false” on the display screen 111A in order to intuitively notify the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of authenticity determination processing for an authenticity determination target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification device according to the second embodiment. 20, processes similar to those in FIG. 17 are denoted by the same step numbers and description thereof is omitted.
- step S28 to step 28D will be described.
- Step S28 The authenticity determination unit 110 sequentially reads the similarity of captured image data that has not been authenticated from the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 113, and whether the read similarity is less than a preset similarity threshold value. Determine whether or not.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 determines whether or not the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the captured image data identification information read from the captured image data table for authenticity determination is less than the similarity threshold. At this time, if the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the read captured image data identification information is less than the similarity threshold, the authenticity determination unit 110 is true for the forgery prevention medium and the authenticity determination target is genuine (genuine). Then, the process proceeds to step S28A. On the other hand, if there is a similarity of the captured image data indicated by the read captured image data identification information that is equal to or higher than the similarity threshold, the authenticity determination unit 110 indicates that the anti-counterfeit medium is fake (fake) and the authenticity determination target is an unauthorized product. If so, the process proceeds to step S30.
- Step S28A If the authenticity determination unit 110 determines to be true, the authenticity determination unit 110 outputs determination information that instructs the achievement degree notification unit 111 to calculate the achievement level as information indicating that the authenticity determination is complete. Each time the determination information is supplied from the authenticity determination unit 110, the achievement notification unit 111 increments the number of determination information (adds 1) to obtain an integrated value. Then, the achievement level notification unit 111 divides the obtained integrated value by a predetermined number of determination information numbers set in advance to calculate the level of achievement.
- Step S28B Then, the achievement level notification unit 111 displays the achievement level display image on the display screen 111A of the display unit 112 (for example, the achievement level display image 2111 in FIGS. 19A to 19C) and achieves it to the user. Notify the degree.
- Step S28C The achievement level notifying unit 111 determines whether or not the number of pieces of determination information has reached the specified number of times, and if so, outputs the calculated level of achievement to the authenticity determination unit 110 and advances the process to step S28D. On the other hand, when the number of pieces of determination information has not reached the specified number, the achievement level notification unit 111 advances the process to step S25.
- Step S28D The authenticity determination unit 110 determines whether or not the achievement level supplied from the achievement level notification unit 111 exceeds a preset true determination threshold value.
- the authenticity determination unit 110 proceeds the process to step S29 when the achievement level exceeds the true determination threshold value, and proceeds the process to step S20 when the achievement level is equal to or less than the true determination threshold value.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 displays an achievement level display image corresponding to the stage of the authentication determination process on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- the authenticity determination stage is advanced by a change in the achievement level display image.
- an achievement level display in which the achievement degree notification unit 111 displays a progress bar indicating the state of the achievement level of the authenticity determination on the display screen of the display unit 112.
- the image has been described as an example of notifying the achievement level of the authenticity determination.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 displays the progress circle or progress dialog as an achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 112, thereby notifying the status of the achievement level of the authenticity determination. It is good also as composition to do.
- achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 an image in which the color of the rectangular display region is changed from a colorless color to a gradually increasing density according to the level of achievement level. It is good also as a structure to display.
- This achievement level display image may be configured to display an image of any shape as long as the user can recognize it.
- the achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 may be configured to display an image in which the character image gradually changes to a predetermined completed shape according to the level of achievement level. . In this case, it may be configured such that when the authenticity determination ends with true (genuine product), a completed shape is displayed, and when the authenticity determination is false (non-authentic product), a broken shape is displayed.
- the achievement level display image does not need to be a structure, and if the user can recognize that it is close to the completed form, an image in which an animal or the like grows according to the level of achievement level is displayed. You may do it.
- the image will be an image (for example, an angel) that states that the growth has been completed or has been determined to be true, and if the authenticity determination is false (non-genuine)
- the achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 an image in which the percentage (%) of the character image changes from 0% to 100% indicating the end gradually depending on the level of achievement level.
- the example which displays is shown.
- the achievement level display image does not need to be a percentage, and if the user can recognize that the authenticity determination is nearing the end, a character image in which numerical values such as level and stage change is displayed. It may be configured.
- an image of a character such as the sun, a light, an animal, or a structure may be arranged in a predetermined area.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 causes the character to correspond to the level of achievement level of the authenticity determination from the dark state to the bright state of the normal light, and gradually increases the lighting / flashing frequency every time the authenticity determination level advances. It is good also as a structure which recognizes an achievement level by the state of blinking early. Further, as the achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112, the triangular image corresponds to the degree of achievement of the authenticity determination, the number of corners increases as the degree of achievement advances, and the authenticity determination is true (genuine product). ), And a circle is displayed, and if the authenticity determination is false (non-genuine), x may be displayed.
- the luminance value of the image of the forgery prevention medium 400 in the captured image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112 is made to correspond to the stage of achievement of the authenticity determination, and is changed from a low luminance value to a high luminance value. It is good also as a structure to change gradually. That is, the achievement level notifying unit 111 extracts the image of the forgery prevention medium 400 from the captured image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 112, and the brightness of the captured image obtained by capturing the image other than the forgery prevention medium 400 in the captured image.
- the anti-counterfeit medium when the captured image is picked up gradually from a predetermined low luminance value in correspondence with the change in the achievement level of the authenticity determination, with the brightness value of the image of the anti-counterfeit medium 400 displayed as it is The brightness value of 400 images is changed.
- the achievement notification unit 111 controls the vibrator function unit in the mobile terminal or smartphone, and changes the vibration frequency of the vibrator from the highest frequency to the step of authenticity determination.
- the frequency may be gradually decreased.
- the achievement degree notification unit 111 determines the achievement degree from the portable terminal or the speaker of the smartphone or the audio output terminal, such as a percentage of the state of achievement degree of authenticity determination, and what percentage of completion each time the authenticity determination stage proceeds. It may be configured to output voice data indicating a numerical value that can be intuitively recognized.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 from the speaker or the audio output terminal of the mobile terminal or the smartphone, the audio data of the frequency corresponding to the achievement level of the authenticity determination, for example, “do, les, mi, fa, so, la, shi, It may be configured such that the scale of “do” is shifted to a higher frequency scale each time the authenticity determination step proceeds. In this case, when it is determined to be true, it is also possible to simply increase the frequency of a predetermined sound to represent the change in the achievement level.
- the identification device in the second embodiment is the same as the identification device in FIG. 18 in the second embodiment.
- the captured image data that can be used for authenticity determination is stored in advance. Only when the number is greater than the set number, authenticity determination processing is performed. Here, each of this number of captured image data needs to be captured at different observation angles.
- the imaging process is performed in the same manner as the flowcharts of FIGS. 15, 16, and 20 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the authentication determination process for the authentication determination target using the forgery prevention medium in the identification device according to the third embodiment.
- Step S21 to step S27, step S28 to step S30, and step S33 and subsequent steps are the same as the operation of the flowchart of FIG. 17 in the second embodiment.
- steps S21 to step S27, step S28 to step S30, and step S33 and subsequent steps are the same as the operation of the flowchart of FIG. 17 in the second embodiment.
- Step S24A (S28D): The achievement level notifying unit 111 counts the number of captured image data identification information in the authenticity determination captured image data table of the image data storage unit 113 to obtain an imaging viewpoint. Then, the achievement level notifying unit 111 adds the number of imaging viewpoints at this time and the integrated value of the number of determination information, and divides by a value obtained by doubling the specified number (a value obtained by adding the number of imaging viewpoints and the specified number). Ask for achievement.
- the calculated achievement level for example, the achievement level display image 2111 in FIGS. 19A to 19C.
- the achievement level notification unit 111 captures, on the display screen of the display unit 112, an achievement level display image corresponding to the stage of authentication determination processing in advance corresponding to the reference imaging viewpoint.
- the viewpoint including the acquisition state of the viewpoint
- the authenticity determination device 1 the progress of the authenticity determination progresses. This makes it possible to recognize intuitively.
- the authenticity determination can easily proceed smoothly without feeling uneasy about the progress of the authentication determination process.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an identification device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the identification device includes an authenticity determination device 1 ⁇ / b> B and an imaging device 2.
- the authenticity determination device 1B includes an imaging control unit 102, an observation angle estimation unit 105, an available image selection unit 107, a correct image generation unit 108, a similarity calculation unit 109, an authentication determination unit 110, a display unit 112, and an image data storage unit 113. Each of them.
- the imaging device 2 includes an imaging unit 101, an exposure control unit 103, and an illumination unit 104.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the identification device is configured to be separated from the authenticity determination device 1B by using the imaging and exposure functions in the first embodiment as the imaging device 2.
- a general-purpose digital camera or a portable terminal (including a mobile phone or a smart fan) can be easily used as an imaging device for imaging captured image data for authenticity determination.
- the authenticity determination device 1A may be configured to be able to communicate with a digital camera or a portable terminal using an information communication line such as the Internet. Then, the authenticity determination device 1B uses the captured image data transmitted from the digital camera or the portable terminal, as in the first to third embodiments already described, to determine the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium. It is good also as composition which performs.
- the anti-counterfeit medium has a characteristic of performing retroreflection, and is configured to be integrated with the authenticity determination device 1 or the imaging device 2 together with the imaging unit 101. ing.
- the anti-counterfeit medium has such a characteristic that light from the illumination 200 as shown in FIG. 3 is transmitted and the captured image data of the transmitted light pattern is used for authenticity determination (for example, a transmission hologram or the like) There is also. In this case, it is necessary to arrange the illumination 200 at a position where the transmitted light of the forgery prevention medium is incident on the imaging unit. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the illumination unit 104 from the imaging device 2 or the authenticity determination device 1 as in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the identification device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the identification device has a configuration in which the illumination device 3 (illumination unit 104) is separated from the authenticity determination device 1B and the imaging device 2A.
- the forgery prevention medium 400 is irradiated with imaging light at an irradiation angle ⁇ from the illumination device 3 (light source 200).
- the forgery prevention medium 400 emits a predetermined light pattern.
- the pattern of the emitted light varies depending on the observation angle ⁇ .
- the pattern of light emitted from the forgery prevention medium 400 differs depending on the irradiation angle ⁇ and the same observation angle ⁇ .
- the illumination light for the anti-counterfeit medium 400 of the illumination light from the illuminating device 3 when capturing the captured image for authenticity determination is set so as to be the irradiation angle ⁇ of the illumination light for the anti-counterfeit medium 400 when the image data is captured. It is necessary to adjust the irradiation angle ⁇ .
- the identification device includes an authenticity determination device 1A, an imaging device 2A, and an illumination device 3.
- the authenticity determination device 1A includes an imaging control unit 102, an observation angle estimation unit 105, an available image selection unit 107, a correct image generation unit 108, a similarity calculation unit 109, an authentication determination unit 110, a display unit 112, and an image data storage unit 113. Each of them.
- the authenticity determination process is the same as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the imaging apparatus 2 includes an imaging unit 101 and an exposure control unit 103.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the illuminating device 3 is not only a normal illumination that irradiates light to the imaging target, but also a flash or strobe (registered trademark) that irradiates the imaging target in a short time. It may be a light emitting device called.
- the illumination device 3 In response to the light emission instruction from the exposure control unit 103, the illumination device 3 irradiates the object to be imaged with light having a predetermined intensity.
- the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium is compared with the correct image data that is an image of the true anti-counterfeit medium at the observation angle of the captured image data. Therefore, a simple image capturing device such as a general-purpose digital camera is used without using a special authenticity determination device as in the past and without depending on the installation status of the forgery prevention medium. By using the captured image of the anti-counterfeit medium, it is possible to easily determine the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium (identification of genuine or fake).
- the illumination device 3 since the illumination device 3 is provided separately from the authenticity determination device 1A or the imaging device 2A, when the light from the illumination device 3 is transmitted, it is transmitted corresponding to the observation angle ⁇ . Corresponding to the anti-counterfeit medium having different characteristics of the light pattern to be captured, it is possible to easily capture the captured image data of the transmitted light pattern at each observation angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an identification device (authentication determination device) according to the sixth embodiment.
- an authenticity determination device 3001 includes an imaging unit 3101, an imaging control unit 3102, an exposure control unit 3103, an illumination unit 3104, an observation angle estimation unit 3105, an available image selection unit 3106, a correct image generation unit 3107, and a similarity calculation.
- Each includes a unit 3108, an authenticity determination unit 3109, an achievement level notification unit 3110, a display unit 3111, and an image data storage unit 3112.
- an imaging unit 3101 and an illumination unit 3104 are integrated, and has a configuration corresponding to authentication processing of a forgery prevention medium that performs retroreflection.
- the imaging unit 3101 is, for example, a camera using an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).
- the imaging unit 3101 writes and stores an image obtained by capturing an object as captured image data in the image data storage unit 3112.
- the imaging control unit 3102 captures captured image data, which is an image obtained by capturing a pattern of light emitted from the anti-counterfeit medium (image of light (wavelength) or characters, pictures, etc.) with respect to incident light.
- the imaging conditions of the imaging unit 3101 such as the depth of focus and the sensitivity of the imaging device (ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sensitivity) are controlled.
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- the exposure control unit 3103 controls imaging conditions of the imaging unit 3101 such as shutter speed, aperture value, presence / absence of illumination light, and intensity of illumination light as exposure imaging conditions. Further, the exposure control unit 3103 corresponds to the brightness around the forgery prevention medium imaged by the authenticity determination device 3001, and emits imaging light (illumination light) to the illumination unit 3104 as necessary during imaging. A light emission instruction for outputting the light is output.
- the illumination unit 3104 is not only illumination that continuously irradiates light on a normal imaging target, but also a light emitting device called a flash or strobe (registered trademark) that irradiates light on the imaging target in a short time. Good.
- the illumination unit 3104 irradiates the object to be imaged with light having a predetermined intensity.
- the imaging control unit 3102 supplies a control signal indicating imaging timing to the exposure control unit 3103.
- the exposure control unit 3103 corresponds to the control signal indicating the imaging timing supplied from the imaging control unit 3102 and, as described above, emits illumination light that irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium to the illumination unit 3104. Output instructions.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 includes an observation position (coordinate value) that is a position where each of the captured image data of the captured image data captured of the forgery prevention medium is captured and an imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101.
- An imaging viewpoint that is included information is obtained from a coordinate conversion formula (described later). That is, the observation angle estimation unit 3105 calculates the observation angle of the forgery prevention medium in each captured image data from the obtained imaging viewpoint (observation position and imaging direction). Then, the observation angle estimation unit 3105 captures the captured image data information including the obtained observation position and observation angle together with the captured image data identification information for identifying each captured image data added to the captured image data. Write and store in the image data table. Depending on the observation angle, the pattern of the light that is emitted from the forgery prevention medium and observed with respect to the incident light is different.
- the image capturing unit 3101 captures one or a plurality of captured image data of the anti-counterfeit medium at a predetermined focal length.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 captures a forged imaging medium in a three-dimensional space by using a preset coordinate transformation formula from the captured one or a plurality of captured image data as described above. The observation angle of each data is estimated.
- the coordinate conversion formula used here is a plurality of pieces of captured image data (calibration described later) as pre-processing (preparation for performing authenticity determination processing) for performing authenticity determination processing on the anti-counterfeit medium provided for the authenticity determination target.
- pre-processing preparation for performing authenticity determination processing
- the equation is generated when the coordinate positions of the pixels in the two-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of captured image data are associated with the coordinate positions in the three-dimensional space.
- the coordinate conversion formula generated in advance is written and stored in advance in the image data storage unit 3112 for each authentication determination target or authentication determination target.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table in the image data storage unit 3112.
- the captured image data identification information and the observation angle, the observation position, and the captured image data address of the captured image data corresponding to the captured image data identification information are written and stored. Yes.
- the captured image data identification information is information for identifying each captured image data.
- the observation angle is obtained by, for example, taking captured image data when any one of the vertices or coordinate points of the authenticity determination target is set as the origin in a three-dimensional space coordinate system (hereinafter referred to as a three-dimensional coordinate system). This is an angle formed by the imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101 at the time of imaging and the normal to the surface of the forgery prevention medium.
- the observation position indicates the coordinate position where the imaging unit 3101 in the three-dimensional space has captured the authenticity determination target.
- the captured image data address indicates an address of an area in the image data storage unit 3112 in which each of the captured image data is stored, and serves as an index for reading the captured image data.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 with respect to the forgery prevention medium.
- forgery prevention medium 3400 is for preventing counterfeiting and duplication of securities such as banknotes, stock certificates, gift certificates, etc., or securities such as credit cards, and products such as pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, and luxury brand products. Used for.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 is printed or transferred directly on a cash voucher or securities, or printed or transferred on a seal sticker or tag attached to a product (or product package).
- a forgery prevention medium 3400 is provided on the surface of the credit card 3300.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 includes, for example, a diffraction grating or a hologram whose color and pattern change depending on the observation angle, and OVD (Optically Variable Device) whose color and brightness change depending on the observation angle. ) Ink and pearl pigments can be used.
- the light source (also referred to as illumination) 3200 irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 with imaging light at an irradiation angle ⁇ that is an angle formed between the light irradiation direction 3200A and the normal 3350.
- the forgery prevention medium When this imaging light is incident, the forgery prevention medium emits a predetermined light pattern. Depending on each of the observation angle ⁇ and the irradiation angle ⁇ , the pattern of light emitted from the anti-counterfeit medium varies with the irradiation light.
- the forgery prevention medium 3400 may be a hologram that emits various kinds of diffracted light by a diffractive structure.
- various holograms such as a reflection type, a transmission type, a phase type, and a volume type can be used as the hologram.
- the relief type structure which has a concavo-convex structure especially.
- a metallic stamper or the like Various methods such as radiation curable molding, extrusion molding, and hot press molding can be used.
- the first concavo-convex structure portion 3310 has a groove-like structure including a concave portion or a convex portion, and is a so-called relief-type diffraction grating structure, or a region where a plurality of linear concave portions or convex portions with uniform directions are formed.
- a concavo-convex structure such as a directional scattering structure composed of a combination of a plurality of regions having different directions from each other can be used.
- most of ordinary diffraction gratings used for display bodies have a spatial frequency of 500 to 1600 lines / mm, and different colors are given to users who observe from a certain direction depending on the spatial frequency or orientation of the diffraction grating. It is possible to display.
- the directional scattering structure includes a plurality of light scattering structures 3331 taking a fixed orientation direction 3332 in a specific segment or cell as shown in FIG.
- These light scattering structures 3331 are each linear, and are arranged substantially in parallel within a specific segment or cell.
- each light scattering structure 3331 does not need to be completely parallel, and as long as the region of the directional scattering structure 3330 has scattering ability with sufficient anisotropy, a part of the light scattering structures 3331 is obtained.
- the longitudinal direction of the other part of the light scattering structure 3331 may cross each other.
- an orientation direction 3332 is arbitrarily provided for each segment or cell, so that a pattern of a combination of a relatively bright portion and a relatively dark portion is formed and observed.
- the first concavo-convex structure portion 3310 can be provided with a structure such as the relief-type diffraction grating structure or a directional scattering structure alone or in combination, but is not necessarily limited to the structure described above.
- FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of an example of a structure that can be employed in the second uneven structure portion 3320.
- the second uneven structure portion 3320 shown in FIG. 29 is provided with a plurality of convex portions 3321.
- the second concavo-convex structure portion 3320 is formed only by the plurality of convex portions 3321, but this is only an example, and in the present embodiment, the second concavo-convex structure portion 3320 is formed using a plurality of concave portions. Can be formed.
- the surface area of the single concave portion or convex portion provided in the second concave-convex structure portion 3320 in this embodiment is 1 of the occupied area required to arrange the single concave portion or convex portion on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 3302. It is preferably 5 times or more.
- the surface area of a single concave portion or convex portion is 1.5 times or more of the occupied area, good low reflectivity and low scattering properties can be obtained. That is, the color tone is clearly different from that of the first concavo-convex structure portion, and is easily recognized when the image is picked up by the image pickup portion 3101. On the other hand, if the surface area of a single concave or convex portion is smaller than 1.5 times the occupied area, the reflectivity increases, which is not preferable.
- the shape used for the plurality of concave portions or convex portions in the second uneven structure portion 3320 formed in the relief structure forming layer 3302 is preferably a forward tapered shape.
- the forward taper shape refers to a case where the cross-sectional area parallel to the substrate surface of the concave portion or convex portion is formed so as to decrease from the proximal end to the distal end of the concave portion or convex portion.
- cones, pyramids, elliptical cones, cylinders or cylinders, prisms or cylinders, truncated cones, truncated pyramids, truncated elliptical cones, cylinders or cylinders with cones examples include a joined shape, a shape in which a pyramid is joined to a prism or a square tube, a hemisphere, a semi-ellipsoid, a bullet shape, and a bowl shape. As shown in FIG.
- the second concave-convex structure portion 3320 is irradiated with light as shown in FIG. Then, the second concavo-convex structure portion 3320 emits diffracted light in a specific direction with respect to the traveling direction of the incident light 3501.
- the diffracted light can be expressed by the following formula.
- d sin ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇
- ⁇ the wavelengths of incident light and diffracted light.
- ⁇ the incident angle of the incident light
- ⁇ the exit angle of the diffracted light
- n the order
- the second concavo-convex structure portion 3320 has a forward taper shape in which the distance between the centers of the respective concave portions or convex portions is 400 nm or less, and thus is almost black in imaging from the normal direction.
- with respect to ⁇ 600 nm is approximately 64 °.
- the first uneven structure portion 3310 has a so-called diffraction grating structure or the like, it is difficult to set the exit angle of the first-order diffracted light in the vicinity of the incident angle.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 is incident on the surface by, for example, controlling the depth of the concavo-convex structure by utilizing surface plasmon propagation generated by providing nanometer-sized micropores or the like on the surface. You may have the structure which utilizes the structural color which controls the color of the reflected light with respect to light, or transmitted light. Further, the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 has, for example, a configuration that utilizes the recursive reflection characteristics of a microsphere or a spherical structure, and forms a gradient in the surface structure of a microscopic area so as to have a reflection characteristic, thereby allowing incident light only in a specific direction. It may have a configuration such as an angle control mirror that reflects / transmits light, or a configuration such as a printed matter having an uneven shape provided by intaglio printing.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 has a configuration and a surface that utilize a structure that limits the viewing zone by arranging a large number of wall surfaces having a height used in, for example, a peeping prevention film in a narrow area.
- a configuration that utilizes a parallax barrier system in which an image formed in the back of the surface changes by limiting the viewing zone by thin lines provided at specific intervals above, or a lenticular lens or microlens array For example, it may be configured to take advantage of the fact that the image formed behind the lens appears to change.
- the forgery prevention medium 3400 may have a configuration in which, for example, a pearl pigment in which mica is coated with a metal oxide is provided by printing or the like.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 uses, for example, a multilayer thin film whose color changes depending on the reflection angle and transmission angle of incident light due to interference phenomenon by providing a plurality of thin films of transparent materials or metals having different refractive indexes, A structure in which a multilayer thin film is crushed into flakes and provided as a pigment by printing, a structure in which fine particles are coated with a thin film by chemical treatment, etc., and particles that cause interference phenomenon are provided by printing, etc. You may have the structure which fixes and utilizes the liquid crystal material as represented by a polymer etc. As the liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal material provided in a planar shape may be used, or a liquid crystal material provided by printing after being crushed and pigmented may be used.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 has a directivity in reflected light and transmitted light by, for example, providing a magnetic material represented by iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt, ferrite, and the like in a planar shape by magnetic orientation.
- a magnetic alignment material represented by iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt, ferrite, and the like in a planar shape by magnetic orientation.
- a configuration using a magnetic alignment material a configuration in which a multilayer film is provided by adding chemical treatment or the like as described above with the magnetic alignment material as a core, and a nanometer-size typified by silver nanoparticles or quantum dots You may have a structure which utilizes the optical effect produced by particle
- the normal 3350 is a normal indicating the surface direction of the surface 3300A of the credit card 3300.
- the observation angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the imaging direction 3101A of the imaging unit 3101 and the normal 3350.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 sets the credit card 3 so that the direction parallel to the normal 3350 is the z axis, and each side of the credit card 3300 is parallel to each of the x axis and the y axis. Place in a dimensional coordinate system.
- the credit card 3300 is two-dimensionally composed of an x-axis and a y-axis so that one of the vertices formed by each side of the credit card 3300 coincides with the origin O of the three-dimensional coordinate system. Place on a flat surface. For this reason, the thickness direction of the credit card 3300 is parallel to the z-axis.
- the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 is written and stored in advance in the image data storage unit 3112 as previously known information together with the already described coordinate conversion formula.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 reads the captured image data from the image data storage unit 3112 when obtaining the observation angle of each captured image data, and the coordinates of the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the captured image data.
- Each pixel (coordinate) in the (two-dimensional coordinate system) is associated with the coordinate conversion formula.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 has one vertex of the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 as the origin in the three-dimensional coordinate system, the normal 3350 is parallel to the z-axis, and each side is The credit card 3300 is arranged in a three-dimensional space so as to be parallel to the x axis or the y axis.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 obtains the imaging position and imaging direction of the captured image data of the imaging unit 3101 in the three-dimensional coordinate system with reference to the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300. Accordingly, the observation angle estimation unit 3105 obtains an observation angle ⁇ formed by the normal 3350 and the imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101. The observation angle estimation unit 3105 sends the obtained observation angle, the observation position, and the captured image data address of the captured image data together with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data to the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 3112. To write and memorize.
- camera calibration is performed on the imaging unit 3101 in advance.
- a calibration board having a known three-dimensional shape is imaged once or a plurality of times in an imaging region, and the one or a plurality of captured image data is used to capture a three-dimensional space in a three-dimensional space.
- a coordinate point in the coordinate system is associated with a plurality of coordinate points (two-dimensional pixels) in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data.
- the coordinate transformation formula indicating the relative positional relationship (hereinafter referred to as an external parameter) between the imaging unit 3101 and the calibration board, the optical center of the imaging unit 3101 and the light incident direction vector at each pixel (two-dimensional pixel), the lens A distortion or the like (hereinafter, an internal parameter of the imaging unit 3101) is estimated.
- an observation angle estimation unit 3105 described later estimates an observation angle of captured image data, from a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging a calibration board from a plurality of different viewpoint directions previously captured by the imaging unit 3101. That is, the global coordinate system (three-dimensional coordinate system) is reconstructed from the multi-viewpoint captured image data. Then, a coordinate conversion expression indicating the correspondence between the coordinate point in the reconstructed three-dimensional coordinate system of the same pixel and the coordinate point in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data captured by the imaging unit 3101 is obtained during camera calibration. Keep it.
- the observation angle is estimated by performing camera calibration (camera calibration) on the imaging unit 3101 in advance, and executing the anti-counterfeit medium authentication process in the identification device. It is assumed that the internal parameters of the imaging unit 3101 are known, and the authenticity determination target and the three-dimensional shape of the forgery prevention medium are known. As a result, the captured image data is captured from a plurality of different positions on the anti-counterfeit medium, and a plurality of corresponding point information between the coordinate point in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the pixel in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the captured image data is obtained by the coordinate conversion formula.
- the relative positional relationship between the imaging unit 3101 and the forgery prevention medium can be estimated from the plurality of corresponding point coordinates.
- a plurality of corresponding point information of a coordinate point in a three-dimensional coordinate system and a pixel in a two-dimensional coordinate system is obtained from one piece of captured image data by the coordinate conversion formula.
- the relative positional relationship between the imaging unit 3101 and the forgery prevention medium can be estimated from the plurality of corresponding point coordinates. That is, the observation position and observation angle (imaging direction) of the imaging unit 3101 when the forgery prevention medium is imaged can be estimated.
- camera calibration is one of well-known methods, such as Z. Analysis method by Zhang (Z.Zhang, “A flexible new technique for camera calibration”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis, Machine13, 2000. It is possible to estimate an observation angle when data is captured. However, Z. When the observation angle is estimated by applying the analysis method by Zhang, the captured image data input to the identification device is an image captured at the same focus (preferably the same focus) as the focus fixed at the time of camera calibration. Must be data.
- the available image selection unit 3106 selects captured image data that can be used for authentication processing from the captured image data captured by the imaging unit 3101.
- the observation angle of the captured image data can be determined to be authentic. It is determined whether or not the angle is within the determinable angle.
- the available image selection unit 3106 determines whether or not all the shapes of the forgery prevention medium 3400 are captured in the captured image data, whether the focus is in focus, and the distribution of the luminance histogram (described later) is appropriate. It is determined whether or not.
- the usable image selection unit 3106 selects captured image data whose observation angle is within a determinable angle at which authentication can be performed as captured image data that can be used for authentication processing.
- the usable image selection unit 3106 gives determination image data identification information to the selected captured image data, and together with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data, a captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112. Is written and stored.
- the available image selection unit 3106 has an observation angle obtained by an observation angle estimation unit 3105, which will be described later, as a predetermined set observation angle (for example, an observation angle range including a predetermined error) set in advance. And whether the observation angle corresponds to the set observation angle already obtained is determined.
- the number of predetermined set observation angles is the same as the prescribed number. That is, in the present embodiment, for example, a preset set observation angle is set as a specified number.
- the available image selection unit 3106 captures an image corresponding to this observation angle. Data corresponding to the image data identification information is deleted from the captured image data table for authenticity determination.
- the available image selection unit 3106 sends the correct image to the correct image generation unit 3107. Generate it.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112.
- the determination image data identification information, the captured image data of the captured image data indicated by the determination image data identification information, and the start address of the area where the correct image data is stored are stored.
- the correct image data address shown, and the similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data are written and stored in association with each other.
- the determination image data identification information is identification information for identifying captured image data that can be used for authentication processing.
- the captured image data identification information is identification information for identifying captured image data.
- the correct image data address indicates the address of the area of the image data storage unit 3112 in which each of the captured image data is stored, and serves as an index for reading the correct image data from the image data storage unit 3112.
- the correct image data stored in the correct image data address is image data for comparison with corresponding captured image data.
- the similarity is a numerical value indicating the degree of similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data.
- the correct image generation unit 3107 generates correct image data used for comparison with the captured image data selected by the available image selection unit 3106.
- the correct image data is image data observed from the same observation angle as the captured image data, and is obtained from simulation or the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 in advance corresponding to the structure of the anti-counterfeit medium 3400.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 has a configuration formed from a diffraction grating or a holography, or a configuration formed from an OVD ink or a pearl pigment containing a pigment in which mica is coated with a metal oxide.
- the correct image generation unit 3107 generates correct image data corresponding to each of the above cases. For example, when the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 is formed using a diffraction grating, correct image data is calculated by simulation using a correct image generation function with an observation angle as a parameter based on design information of the diffraction grating. To generate. Then, the correct image generation unit 3107 writes and stores the generated correct image data in the image data storage unit 3112, and sets the start address of the written area as the correct image data address. The correct image generation unit 3107 writes and stores the correct image data address in the captured image data table for authenticity determination of the image data storage unit 3112 in correspondence with the captured image identification information of the captured image data to be compared.
- the medium 3400 is picked up from various observation angles, and the picked-up picked-up image data is stored as a correct image data in the image data storage unit 3112 in a database.
- the correct image generation unit 3107 reads the correct image data from the database in correspondence with the observation angle of the captured image data to be compared, and corresponds to the captured image identification information of the captured image data to be compared. It is good also as a structure which writes in and memorize
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 refers to the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112 and sequentially reads each of the captured image data identification information and the correct image data address corresponding to the determination image data identification information. Then, the similarity calculation unit 3108 reads the captured image data address corresponding to the captured image data identification information from the captured image data table in the image data storage unit 3112. As a result, the similarity calculation unit 3108 reads the captured image data corresponding to the captured image data address and the correct image data corresponding to the correct image data address from the image data storage unit 3112.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 calculates the similarity of the captured image data with respect to the read correct image data by template matching.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 is, for example, for each pixel corresponding to each of the captured image data and the correct image data (for each color image, RGB (Red (red), Green (green), Blue (blue)).
- RGB Red (red), Green (green), Blue (blue)
- the average square error of the luminance values is obtained, and the average square error is added to all the pixels (pixels) or some corresponding pixels, and the addition result is output as a numerical value indicating the similarity.
- the lower the numerical value of the similarity the more similar the captured image data and the correct image data, and some of the corresponding pixels are significantly different depending on the observation angle with respect to other pixels in the correct image data. Different characteristic light pattern portions are selected and used.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 converts the RGB values of all the pixels of the captured image data and the correct image data or a part of the corresponding pixels into an appropriate color space, and then squares the Euclidean distance in the color space. It is good also as a structure which adds this and outputs this addition result as a numerical value which shows similarity. Also in this case, as in the case of using the mean square error, the lower the similarity value, the more similar the captured image data and the correct image data.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 sequentially corresponds to the determination image data identification information of the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112, and correct image corresponding to each captured image data and captured image data. Find similarity to data. Then, the similarity calculation unit 3108 associates the obtained similarity with the captured image data identification information of the captured image data for which the similarity is obtained, and compares the obtained similarity with the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112. To write and memorize.
- the evaluation is performed based on the RGB color tone between the predetermined pixels, that is, the R / G (ratio between the R gradation degree and the G gradation degree) between the predetermined pixels of the captured image data, and the predetermined image data of the captured image data. It is configured to calculate a mean square error with R / G between pixels of correct image data corresponding to between pixels, absorb a difference in intensity of illumination light, and calculate a numerical value indicating a high degree of similarity. You may do it.
- R / G is obtained as a ratio obtained by dividing the R gradation of the pixel A by the G gradation of the pixel B. Further, not only R / G but also B / G (the ratio between the gradation of B and the gradation of G) may be used in combination.
- a combination of pixels in which R / G and B / G are increased is set in advance.
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 uses the similarity corresponding to the determined image data identification information from the captured image data table for authenticity determination. Read the degrees sequentially. Then, the authenticity determination unit 3109 compares each degree of similarity corresponding to the read determination image data identification information with a preset similarity threshold.
- the similarity threshold is a plurality of different observations for the similarity between captured image data captured at an arbitrary angle (an angle within an angle range described later) and correct image data obtained corresponding to the observation angle of the captured image data. It is calculated by an angle, and is obtained and set in advance as an experimental value that becomes a numerical value exceeding the similarity between the captured image data and the correct image data for each observation angle. A different similarity threshold is obtained for each observation angle, and the authenticity determination unit 3109 performs an anti-counterfeit medium authenticity determination process using the similarity threshold corresponding to the observation angle.
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 obtains the similarity of the captured image data from one to a plurality of images, and if even one image has a similarity with the corresponding correct image data equal to or greater than the similarity threshold, the forgery prevention medium 3400 It is determined that the added credit card 3300 (authentication determination target) is false (is a fake).
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 obtains the similarity of captured image data from one to a plurality of images, and if all the similarities are less than the similarity threshold, the credit card 3300 to which the forgery prevention medium 3400 is added (authentication) The determination target) is determined to be true (genuine).
- the number of captured image data used for authenticity determination that is, a prescribed number of different image capturing angles for capturing each captured image data for authenticity determination is set in advance (that is, correct image data at each image capturing angle is determined). The number is preset as a prescribed number).
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 performs the authenticity determination on the captured image data at the imaging angle, and achieves determination information indicating that the authenticity determination on the forgery prevention medium 3400 is true each time it is determined as true. Output to the degree notification unit 3110.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 integrates the supplied determination information, and the captured image determined to be true in comparison with the number of determination information, that is, the correct image data.
- the number of data is obtained as the number of determination information.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 divides the obtained number of pieces of determination information by the specified number to obtain the degree of achievement, and notifies the user of the obtained degree of achievement.
- the display unit 3111 is a liquid crystal display, for example, and displays an image on its own display screen. This degree of achievement is a numerical value indicating the progress status of the authentication determination process.
- each of the already described captured image data, correct image data, captured image data table, and authenticity determination captured image data table is written and stored.
- the achievement level notifying unit 3110 notifies the obtained achievement level, for example, an achievement level display image that allows the user to intuitively recognize the progress level of the achievement level is displayed.
- FIGS. 33A and 33B are diagrams showing examples of achievement level display images displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 by the achievement level notification unit 3110.
- FIG. 33A to 33C a captured image including the image 3112 of the credit card 3300 and the achievement display image 3111 is displayed on the display screen 3111A (the display screen of the display unit 3111 in FIG. 24) in the authenticity determination device 3001.
- a progress bar is used as the achievement level display image 3111.
- the progress meter 3111M is configured such that the bar 3111B fills the area of the ratio corresponding to the calculated achievement level.
- the achievement level notifying unit 3110 newly determines the achievement level of the bar 3111B having an area corresponding to the achievement level in the progress meter 3111M based on the achievement level obtained by dividing the number of pieces of determination information by the specified number. Every time it is displayed, it is displayed again.
- FIG. 33C is a diagram illustrating an example of the achievement level display image when the authenticity determination with respect to the forgery prevention medium ends with true. When the authenticity determination process ends as true, the achievement level becomes 100%. Therefore, the achievement level notification unit 3110 fills all the progress meters 3111M in the progress bar (achievement level display image 3111) with the bar 3111B.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays a result notification image 3113 on the display screen 3111A in order to intuitively notify the user that the result of the authenticity determination is true.
- the result notification image 3113 includes, for example, a character image 3113A indicating “true” because the authenticity determination process is complete, and is an image that visually represents the result of the authenticity determination.
- the achievement notification unit 3110 erases the image of the bar 3111B from the progress meter 3111M in the progress bar.
- the achievement level notifying unit 3110 displays a result notification image 3113 including a character image indicating “false” on the display screen 3111A in order to intuitively notify the user that the result of the authenticity determination is false.
- the imaging control unit 3102 determines whether or not the observation angle when imaging the forgery prevention medium is within a preset angle range during imaging.
- the angle range indicates a range of angles at which different colors or light patterns can be observed at different observation angles in a diffraction grating or a hologram.
- the imaging control unit 3102 causes the observation angle estimation unit 3105 to estimate the observation angle that is the imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101.
- the imaging control unit 3102 satisfies the angle condition in the imaging process when the observation angle estimated by the observation angle estimation unit 3105 is within the angle range, while the estimated observation angle is not within the angle range.
- a display indicating that the angle condition in the imaging process is not satisfied is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 to prompt the user to adjust the observation angle within the angle range.
- the imaging control unit 3102 determines whether or not the imaging unit 3101 at the time of imaging satisfies imaging conditions for imaging captured image data having quality comparable to the correct image data.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the presence or absence of illumination or the intensity of illumination is added as necessary to the exposure conditions in this imaging condition.
- the imaging control unit 3102 generates a luminance histogram when setting the exposure conditions in the imaging unit 3101 as the imaging conditions.
- the imaging control unit 3102 indicates the distribution of the gradation of each pixel, and the generated luminance in determining whether the distribution of the gradation in the captured image data is not biased toward the high gradation level or the low gradation level.
- a histogram is used. For example, when the distribution of gradation in the luminance histogram is biased toward the low gradation, that is, the gradation is expressed in 256 levels from “0” to “255”, and the gradation in the captured image data is “0”. When there are many neighboring pixels, blackout occurs in the captured image data, and comparison with the correct image data cannot be performed.
- the imaging control unit 3102 determines whether or not the illumination needs to be adjusted based on the distribution of the gradation in the luminance histogram. When it is estimated that blackout occurs and the adjustment of illumination that shifts the distribution of the luminance histogram to the high gradation level is necessary, the imaging control unit 3102 causes the exposure control unit 3103 to forge at the time of imaging of the illumination unit 3104.
- the prevention medium 3400 is illuminated with a predetermined intensity (for example, flash light is irradiated in the imaging direction).
- the imaging control unit 3102 irradiates the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 with illumination having a light intensity necessary for the user.
- a prompting display is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111.
- the imaging control unit 3102 captures the image of the illumination unit 3104 with respect to the exposure control unit 3103.
- the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 is not illuminated at the time, or at a predetermined intensity.
- the imaging control unit 3102 displays a display that prompts the user to reduce the intensity of illumination around the current anti-counterfeit medium 3400 in order to irradiate the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 with illumination having a necessary light intensity. Displayed on the display screen of the unit 3111.
- an exposure control table describing the distribution state of the luminance histogram and the control conditions such as the exposure condition and the illumination intensity corresponding to the distribution state is created and written in the image data storage unit 3112 in advance. It is good also as a structure.
- the imaging control unit 3102 searches the exposure control table in the image data storage unit 3112 for a luminance histogram similar to the luminance histogram pattern of the captured image data to be captured, and exposes exposure conditions and illumination intensity of the captured image data to be captured. And the like, and the control conditions are displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 as described above.
- an illuminance sensor may be provided for the exposure control unit 3103, and the exposure condition and the illumination illuminance may be set according to the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor.
- an exposure control table describing the illuminance and the control conditions such as the exposure condition corresponding to the illuminance and the intensity of illumination may be created and written in the image data storage unit 3112 in advance.
- the imaging control unit 3102 searches from the exposure control table in the image data storage unit 3112 in correspondence with the illuminance at the time of imaging the captured image data, and sets the exposure conditions and the illumination intensity of the captured image data to be captured.
- the control condition information is read out, and the control condition is displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 as described above.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation of capturing captured image data used for authentication determination processing for an authentication determination target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification apparatus according to the sixth embodiment.
- the captured image data is captured at a predetermined observation angle (a number corresponding to the specified number), that is, the number of times corresponding to the specified number is performed, and the corresponding processing is performed for each observation angle.
- a captured image is obtained.
- the imaging control unit 3102 detects the current imaging conditions of the authenticity determination target in the imaging unit 3101, for example, detects the exposure conditions.
- Step S502 The imaging control unit 3102 determines whether all of the imaging conditions such as the exposure conditions are conditions under which captured image data with quality that can be compared with the correct image data can be captured. At this time, the imaging control unit 3102 advances the process to step S503 if the imaging condition allows imaging of captured image data of quality that can be compared with the correct image data. On the other hand, the imaging control unit 3102 advances the process to step S ⁇ b> 504 when the imaging image data having quality that can be compared with the correct image data is not an imaging condition capable of imaging.
- Step S503 The imaging control unit 3102 extracts the imaging position of the forgery prevention medium 3400 in the captured image data. That is, the imaging control unit 3102 obtains the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 (authentication determination target) within the imaging range of the imaging unit 3101. Then, the imaging control unit 3102 compares the obtained three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 with the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 stored in advance, and the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 within the imaging range of the imaging unit 3101. Extract regions.
- Step S504 The imaging control unit 3102 displays a condition that is not satisfied in the imaging condition on the display screen of the display unit 3111 and suggests adjustment of the condition that is not satisfied in the imaging condition to the user.
- Step S505 The imaging control unit 3102 compares the forgery prevention medium 3400 in the imaging range of the imaging unit 3101 with the forgery prevention medium 3400 in the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 stored in advance. Then, the imaging control unit 3102 determines whether the entire anti-counterfeit medium 3400 captures captured image data, that is, whether the observation angle is within a preset angle range. At this time, if the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 is within the angle range, the imaging control unit 3102 advances the process to step S506. On the other hand, if the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 is not within the angle range, the process proceeds to step S507. Proceed to
- Step S506 The imaging control unit 3102 causes the observation angle estimation unit 3105 to perform estimation processing of the imaging direction of the forgery prevention medium 3400, that is, the observation angle.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 receives the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 obtained from the captured image data in the imaging range of the imaging unit 3101 and the three-dimensional shape of the credit card 3300 in the three-dimensional coordinate system stored in advance. Are compared, the observation angle of the forgery prevention medium 3400 is estimated.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 obtains an imaging direction in which the imaging unit 3101 images the credit card 3300 by the above comparison.
- the observation angle estimation unit 3105 has a surface in the three-dimensional coordinate system to which the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 of the credit card 3300 is attached (any surface to which the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 on the upper surface or the lower surface of the credit card 3300 is attached). ) And the imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101 is obtained as an observation angle and output to the imaging control unit 3102.
- Step S507 The imaging control unit 3102 displays on the display screen of the display unit 3111 that the imaging position of the imaging unit 3101 is adjusted so that the entire area of the forgery prevention medium 3400 is included in the imaging range of the imaging unit 3101. It suggests the user to change the imaging position.
- Step S508 The imaging control unit 3102 determines whether the entire anti-counterfeit medium 3400 captures captured image data, that is, whether the observation angle is within a preset angle range. At this time, if the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 is within the angle range, the imaging control unit 3102 advances the process to step S510. On the other hand, if the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 is not within the angle range, the process proceeds to step S509. Proceed to
- Step S509 The imaging control unit 3102 displays on the display screen of the display unit 3111 that the imaging direction of the imaging unit 3101 is adjusted so that the observation angle of the imaging unit 3101 is included within a preset angle range, It suggests the user to change the imaging direction.
- Step S510 The imaging control unit 3102 displays an image indicating that the forgery prevention medium 3400 can be captured on the display screen of the display unit 3111 and prompts the user to capture the forgery prevention medium 3400. Then, the user confirms the display screen and inputs an imaging instruction from the input unit of the authenticity determination device 3001. Thereby, the imaging control unit 3102 causes the imaging unit 3101 to perform imaging processing to obtain captured image data.
- Step S511 Then, the imaging control unit 3102 gives the captured image data identification information to the captured image data, and the image data storage unit together with the captured image data address that is the address of the area in the image data storage unit 3112 in which the captured image data is written. 3112 is written and stored.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of authentication processing for an authentication target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification device according to the sixth embodiment.
- Step S521 The available image selection unit 3106 determines whether or not captured image data that has not been processed exists in the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 3112. At this time, if the captured image data that has not been processed exists in the captured image data table, the available image selection unit 3106 advances the process to step S522. On the other hand, when there is no captured image data that has not been processed in the captured image data table, the available image selection unit 3106 repeats the process of step S521.
- Step S522 The available image selection unit 3106 reads the captured image data address of the captured image data that has not been processed from the captured image data table. Then, the usable image selection unit 3106 sequentially reads unprocessed captured image data from the image data storage unit 3112 based on the captured image data address, and uses it to determine whether comparison with correct image data is possible. .
- Step S523 The available image selection unit 3106 determines whether each of the read captured image data can be compared with the correct image data.
- the available image selection unit 3106 has an appropriate distribution of the luminance histogram, for example, whether or not the entire shape of the forgery prevention medium 3400 is captured in the captured image data, or whether or not the image is in focus. Whether or not.
- the available image selection unit 3106 advances the process to step S523, while the captured image data cannot be compared with the correct image data. If so, the process proceeds to step S524.
- Step S524 When it is determined that the comparison is possible, the usable image selection unit 3106 gives determination image data identification information to the captured image data. Then, the usable image selection unit 3106 writes the captured image data identification information of the captured image data together with the assigned determination image data identification information to the authenticity determination captured image data table of the image data storage unit 3112. Remember.
- Step S525 When it is determined that the comparison is not possible, the available image selection unit 3106 returns the process to step S521 and performs the captured image data acquisition process again.
- the available image selection unit 3106 may be configured to display a notification suggesting that the imaging viewpoint being captured is captured and the forgery prevention medium 3400 is captured on the display screen of the display unit 3111. .
- This notification is for obtaining captured image data having an appropriate focus and luminance histogram distribution, and for obtaining captured image data in which the observation angle of the captured image described later is a predetermined preset observation angle. It is.
- the user has been subjected to the authentication determination process of the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 and further acquires information on the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 in order to proceed with the authenticity determination process. Recognize that there is a need.
- Step S526 The observation angle estimation unit 3105 reads captured image data identification information from the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112. Then, the observation angle estimation unit 3105 reads a captured image data address corresponding to the captured image data identification information from the captured image data table. Also, the observation angle estimation unit 3105 reads the captured image data from the image data storage unit 3112 by using the captured image data address, obtains the observation angle for each captured image data in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and can be used as an available image selection unit. 3106 is output.
- Step S527 The available image selection unit 3106 determines whether or not the observation angle supplied from the observation angle estimation unit 3105 is included in any of the preset predetermined observation angles, and the set observation angle that has already been obtained. It is determined whether or not the observation angle is corresponding.
- the available image selection unit 3106 identifies captured image data corresponding to this observation angle. Data corresponding to the information is deleted from the captured image data table for authenticity determination, and the process proceeds to step S525.
- the available image selection unit 3106 advances the process to step S528.
- Step S528 The correct image generation unit 3107 generates correct image data corresponding to the observation angle of the captured image data based on the observation angle of the captured image data by calculating the correct image data.
- the correct image generation unit 3107 writes the generated correct image data to the image data storage unit 3112, and writes and stores the written address as a correct image data address in the captured image data table for authenticity determination.
- Step S529 The similarity calculation unit 3108 reads captured image data identification information for which similarity calculation processing has not been performed, from the authenticity determination captured image data table of the image data storage unit 3112. Then, the similarity calculation unit 3108 reads a captured image data address corresponding to the read captured image data identification information from the captured image data table of the image data storage unit 3112. The similarity calculation unit 3108 reads captured image data corresponding to the read captured image data address from the image data storage unit 3112. The similarity calculation unit 3108 reads the correct image data address of the corresponding imaging angle from the captured image data table for authenticity determination, and reads the correct image data from the image data storage unit 3112 based on the correct image data address.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 calculates the similarity of the captured image data with respect to the correct image data by template matching.
- the similarity calculation unit 3108 writes and stores the calculated similarity in the captured image data table for authenticity determination in the image data storage unit 3112 in association with the captured image data identification information.
- Step S530 The authenticity determination unit 3109 reads the similarity of captured image data that has not been authenticated from the captured image data table for authenticity determination of the image data storage unit 3112, and whether or not the read similarity is less than a preset similarity threshold value. Judgment is made. Then, the authenticity determination unit 3109 determines whether or not the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the captured image data identification information read from the captured image data table for authenticity determination is less than the similarity threshold. At this time, if the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the read captured image data identification information is less than the similarity threshold, the authenticity determination unit 3109 is true, and the authenticity determination target is genuine (genuine). Then, the process proceeds to step S531.
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 indicates that the anti-counterfeit medium is fake (fake) when the similarity of the captured image data indicated by the read captured image data identification information is greater than or equal to the similarity threshold, and the authenticity determination target is an unauthorized product. If so, the process proceeds to step S536.
- Step S531 If the authenticity determination unit 3109 determines to be true, it outputs determination information for instructing calculation of the achievement level to the achievement notification unit 3110 as information indicating that the authenticity determination is complete. Each time the determination information is supplied from the authenticity determination unit 3109, the achievement level notification unit 3110 obtains an integrated value by incrementing the number of determination information (adding 1). Then, the achievement level notification unit 3110 divides the obtained integrated value by a predetermined number of determination information numbers set in advance to calculate the level of achievement.
- Step S532 Then, the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays the achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 3111 (for example, the achievement level display image 3111 in FIGS. 33A to 33C), and displays the achievement level to the user. To be notified.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays the achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 3111 (for example, the achievement level display image 3111 in FIGS. 33A to 33C), and displays the achievement level to the user. To be notified.
- Step S533 The achievement level notifying unit 3110 determines whether or not the number of pieces of determination information has reached the specified number of times. If the number of determination information has been reached, the achievement level notifying unit 3110 outputs the calculated level of achievement to the authenticity determination unit 3109 and advances the process to step S534. On the other hand, when the number of pieces of determination information has not reached the specified number, the achievement level notifying unit 3110 advances the process to step S525.
- Step S534 The authenticity determination unit 3109 determines whether or not the achievement level supplied from the achievement level notification unit 3110 exceeds a preset true determination threshold value.
- the authenticity determination unit 3109 advances the process to step S536 when the achievement level exceeds the true determination threshold value, and advances the process to step S535 when the achievement level is equal to or less than the true determination threshold value.
- Step S535 The authenticity determination unit 3109 displays an image indicating that the authenticity determination target is genuine on the display screen via the display unit 3111 (see, for example, FIG. 33C). Then, the authenticity determination device 3001 ends the authenticity determination process for the authenticity determination symmetry.
- Step S536 The authenticity determination unit 3109 displays an image indicating that the authentication target is an unauthorized product on the display screen via the display unit 3111. Then, the authenticity determination device 3001 ends the authenticity determination process for the authenticity determination symmetry.
- the achievement notification unit 3110 displays an achievement display image corresponding to the stage of the authentication determination process on the display screen of the display unit 3111.
- the stage of authenticity determination is advanced by a change in the achievement level display image.
- the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium is compared with the correct image data that is an image of the true anti-counterfeit medium at the observation angle of the captured image data.
- an achievement level display in which the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays a progress bar indicating the status of the achievement level of the authenticity determination on the display screen of the display unit 3111.
- the image has been described as an example of notifying the state of achievement of the authenticity determination.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays the progress circle or progress dialog as an achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 3111, thereby notifying the status of the achievement level of the authenticity determination. It is good also as composition to do.
- FIG. 36A to 36C are diagrams showing examples of achievement level display images for notifying the achievement level displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 by the achievement level notification unit 3110.
- FIG. FIG. 36A shows an achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111.
- the color of the rectangular display area changes from colorless to gradually increase in density depending on the level of achievement level.
- An example of displaying an image is shown.
- the achievement level display image does not have to be rectangular, and may be configured to display an image of any shape as long as the size can be recognized by the user.
- FIG. 36B shows an example of displaying, as the achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111, an image in which the character image gradually changes to a predetermined completed shape according to the level of achievement level. Show. In this case, it may be configured such that when the authenticity determination ends with true (genuine product), a completed shape is displayed, and when the authenticity determination is false (non-authentic product), a broken shape is displayed.
- the achievement level display image does not have to be a structure, and if the user can recognize that it is close to the completed form, animals and the like grow according to the stage of achievement level. Any image may be displayed.
- the image will be an image (for example, an angel) that states that the growth has been completed or has been determined to be true, and if the authenticity determination is false (non-genuine), growth will occur.
- You may comprise so that it may become the shape (for example, shape of a devil, a demon, etc.) which imaged the first shape at the time of starting, or having been determined to be false.
- FIG. 36C shows an achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111.
- the percentage (%) number of the character image is changed from 0% to 100% indicating the end gradually depending on the achievement level.
- An example of displaying an image to be displayed is shown.
- the achievement level display image does not need to be a percentage, and if the user can recognize that the authentication is nearing the end, the character image whose numerical values such as the level and the stage are changed. May be displayed.
- an achievement level display image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 an image of characters such as the sun, electric light, animals, and structures is arranged in a predetermined area. Also good. Then, the achievement level notification unit 3110 causes the character to correspond to the level of achievement level of authenticity determination from a dark state to a bright state of normal light, and gradually increases the lighting / flashing frequency each time the level of authenticity determination progresses. It is good also as a structure which recognizes an achievement level by the state of blinking early.
- the triangular image corresponds to the degree of achievement of the authenticity determination
- the number of corners increases as the degree of achievement advances, and the authenticity determination is true (genuine product).
- a circle is displayed, and if the authenticity determination is false (non-genuine), x may be displayed.
- the luminance value of the image of the forgery prevention medium 3400 in the captured image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111 is made to correspond to the level of achievement of the authenticity determination, and is changed from a low luminance value to a high luminance value. It is good also as a structure to change gradually. That is, the achievement level notifying unit 3110 extracts an image of the forgery prevention medium 3400 from the captured image displayed on the display screen of the display unit 3111, and obtains an image other than the forgery prevention medium 3400 in the captured image by capturing the captured image.
- the vibration frequency of the vibrator is changed from the highest frequency to the step of authentication determination.
- the frequency may be gradually decreased.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 receives the achievement level from the portable terminal or the speaker of the smartphone or the audio output terminal, such as the percentage of the level of achievement level of the authenticity determination, and what percentage of the level is completed each time the level of the authenticity determination is advanced. It may be configured to output voice data indicating a numerical value that can be intuitively recognized.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 from the speaker or voice output terminal of the mobile terminal or smartphone, the voice data of the frequency corresponding to the achievement level of the authenticity determination, for example, “do, les, mi, fa, so, la, shi, It may be configured such that the scale of “do” is shifted to a higher frequency scale each time the authenticity determination step proceeds. In this case, when it is determined to be true, it is also possible to simply increase the frequency of a predetermined sound to represent the change in the achievement level.
- a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- the identification device in the seventh embodiment is the same as the identification device in FIG. 24 in the sixth embodiment.
- the captured image data that can be used for the authenticity determination is stored in advance. Only when the number is greater than the set number, authenticity determination processing is performed. Here, each of this number of captured image data needs to be captured at different observation angles.
- the imaging process is performed similarly to the flowchart of FIG. 35 in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of authentication processing for an authentication target using an anti-counterfeit medium in the identification device according to the seventh embodiment.
- Step S521 to step S527, step S528 to step S530, and step S533 and subsequent steps are the same as the operation of the flowchart of FIG. 35 in the sixth embodiment.
- step S533 and subsequent steps are the same as the operation of the flowchart of FIG. 35 in the sixth embodiment.
- Only operations different from those of the sixth embodiment will be described.
- Step S531A (S531B): The achievement level notifying unit 3110 counts the number of captured image data identification information in the captured image data table for authenticity determination of the image data storage unit 3112 to obtain the number of imaging angles. Then, the achievement level notifying unit 3110 adds the number of imaging angles at the present time and the integrated value of the number of pieces of determination information, and divides the number by a value obtained by doubling the specified number (a value obtained by adding the number of set angles and the specified number). Ask for achievement.
- Step S532A (S532B): Then, the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays the achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 3111 (for example, the achievement level display image 3111 in FIGS. 33A to 33C), and displays the achievement level to the user. To be notified.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays the achievement level display image on the display screen of the display unit 3111 (for example, the achievement level display image 3111 in FIGS. 33A to 33C), and displays the achievement level to the user. To be notified.
- the achievement level notification unit 3110 displays, on the display screen of the display unit 3111, an achievement level display image corresponding to the stage of the authenticity determination processing in advance corresponding to the set observation angle.
- the user moves the authenticity determination device 3001 to advance the authenticity determination stage. This indicates a change in the progress that is finer than that in the sixth embodiment. This makes it possible to recognize intuitively. As a result, even if the user cannot fully recognize the determination algorithm for authenticity determination with respect to the anti-counterfeit medium 3400, the authenticity determination can easily proceed smoothly without feeling uneasy about the progress of the authentication determination process.
- FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the identification device according to the eighth embodiment.
- the identification device includes an authenticity determination device 3001A and an imaging device 3002.
- the authenticity determination device 3001A includes an imaging control unit 3102, an observation angle estimation unit 3105, an available image selection unit 3106, a correct image generation unit 3107, a similarity calculation unit 3108, an authenticity determination unit 3109, a display unit 3111, and an image data storage unit 3112. Each of them.
- the imaging apparatus 3002 includes an imaging unit 3101, an exposure control unit 3103, and an illumination unit 3104.
- the same components as those in the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the identification device is configured to be separated from the authenticity determination device 3001A by using the imaging and exposure functions in the sixth embodiment as the imaging device 3002.
- a general-purpose digital camera or a portable terminal including a mobile phone or a smart fan
- the authenticity determination apparatus 3001A may be configured to be able to communicate with a digital camera or a portable terminal using an information communication line such as the Internet. Then, the authenticity determination device 3001A uses the captured image data transmitted from the digital camera or the portable terminal, as in the sixth embodiment or the seventh embodiment already described, to determine the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium. It is good also as composition which performs.
- the anti-counterfeit medium has a characteristic of performing retroreflection, and is configured to be integrated with the authenticity determination device 3001 or the imaging device 3002 together with the imaging unit 3101. ing.
- the anti-counterfeit medium has such a characteristic that light from the illumination 3200 as shown in FIG. 26 is transmitted and the captured image data of the transmitted light pattern is used for authenticity determination (for example, a transmission hologram or the like) There is also.
- FIG. 39 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the identification device according to the eighth embodiment.
- the identification device has a configuration in which the illumination device 3003 (illumination unit 3104) is separated from the authenticity determination device 3001A and the imaging device 3002A.
- the forgery prevention medium 3400 is irradiated with imaging light at an irradiation angle ⁇ from the illumination device 3003 (light source 3200).
- the forgery prevention medium 3400 emits a predetermined light pattern.
- the pattern of the emitted light varies depending on the observation angle ⁇ .
- the pattern of light emitted from the forgery prevention medium 3400 differs depending on the irradiation angle ⁇ and the same observation angle ⁇ .
- the illumination light for the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 of the illumination light from the illumination device 3003 at the time of capturing the captured image for authenticity determination is set so that the illumination angle ⁇ of the illumination light for the anti-counterfeit medium 3400 when the image data is captured. It is necessary to adjust the irradiation angle ⁇ .
- the identification device includes an authenticity determination device 3001A, an imaging device 3002A, and an illumination device 3003.
- the authenticity determination device 3001A includes an imaging control unit 3102, an observation angle estimation unit 3105, an available image selection unit 3106, a correct image generation unit 3107, a similarity calculation unit 3108, an authenticity determination unit 3109, a display unit 3111, and an image data storage unit 3112. Each of them.
- the authenticity determination process is the same as in the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment.
- the imaging apparatus 3002 includes an imaging unit 3101 and an exposure control unit 3103.
- the same components as those in the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the illumination device 3003 is not only a normal illumination that irradiates the imaging target with light, but also a flash or strobe (registered trademark) that irradiates the imaging target with light in a short time. It may be a light emitting device called. In response to the light emission instruction from the exposure control unit 3103, the illumination device 3003 irradiates the object to be imaged with light having a predetermined intensity.
- the captured image data obtained by capturing the anti-counterfeit medium is compared with the correct image data that is an image of the true anti-counterfeit medium at the observation angle of the captured image data. Therefore, a simple image capturing device such as a general-purpose digital camera is used without using a special authenticity determination device as in the past and without depending on the installation status of the forgery prevention medium. By using the captured image of the anti-counterfeit medium, it is possible to easily determine the authenticity of the anti-counterfeit medium (identification of genuine or fake).
- the illumination device 3003 since the illumination device 3003 is provided separately from the authenticity determination device 3001A or the imaging device 3002A, when light from the illumination device 3003 is transmitted, it is transmitted corresponding to the observation angle ⁇ . Corresponding to the anti-counterfeit medium having different characteristics of the light pattern to be captured, it is possible to easily capture the captured image data of the transmitted light pattern at each observation angle ⁇ .
- the program for realizing the functions of the authenticity determination device 1 of FIG. 1, the functions of the authentication device 1A of FIG. 22, the functions of the authentication device 3001 of FIG. 24, and the functions of the authentication device 3001A of FIG. May be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and a program recorded on the recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed to execute an authenticity determination process for the forgery prevention medium using captured image data.
- the “computer system” includes hardware such as an OS (Operating System) and peripheral devices.
- the “computer system” also includes a WWW (World Wide Web) system provided with a homepage providing environment (or display environment).
- the “computer-readable recording medium” is a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory), or a hard disk built in the computer system. This means a storage device such as Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a volatile memory (RAM (Random Access) in a computer system that becomes a server or a client when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Memory)) that holds a program for a certain period of time is also included.
- RAM Random Access
- the program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium.
- the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.
- the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年3月14日に日本に出願された特願2016-050172号、及び、2016年3月14日に日本に出願された特願2016-050277号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
しかし、近年、偽造防止媒体自体が偽造や複製された不正な有価証券類及び商品が製造されており、偽造防止媒体の有無のみで正品か不正品(偽造品・複製品)かを判断することは困難である。
しかし、偽造防止媒体自体が真であるか贋であるかについては、真の偽造防止媒体と贋の偽造防止媒体との比較、あるいは、専門家による目視検査によれば容易に判別がつくが、一般のユーザは目視で簡単に偽造防止媒体の真贋判定を行うことは難しい。
しかし、上記真贋判定装置の取り扱いには、専門知識や特殊器具を要するため、一般のユーザがこれを利用して偽造防止媒体の真贋判定を行うことは困難である。
そして、ジャイロセンサから推定された観察角度と真贋判定のための偽造防止媒体の撮像画像の情報とを合わせて、識別プログラムに入力させて、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定を行う方法がある。
このため、ユーザが撮像装置を動かして偽造防止媒体の撮像画像を撮像しても、撮像している視点位置が真贋判定が行われる画像が撮像できる位置か否かの判定を行うことができない。
この方法を用いても、撮像対象の偽造防止媒体を外形に重ね合わせることが面倒な上、直感的に偽造防止媒体の撮像アルゴリズムを認識できないため、ユーザが真贋判定をスムーズに行うことができない。このため、ユーザは、撮像している偽造防止媒体に対する真贋判定結果が出力されるまで、撮像した撮像画像により真贋判定が実際に行われているか否かが判らない。
このため、ユーザは真贋判定のアプリケーションが正常に動作しているのか、あるいは自分の撮像方法が悪いために真贋判定が行われないのかなど、真贋判定の処理の進行に不安を感じてしまい、真贋判定をスムーズに進めることができない。
以下、本発明の第1の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、第1の実施形態による識別装置(真贋判定装置)の構成例を示すブロック図である。図1において、真贋判定装置1は、撮像部101、撮像制御部102、露光制御部103、照明部104、観察角度推定部105、合致割合通知部106、利用可能画像選択部107、正解画像生成部108、類似度算出部109、真贋判定部110、表示部112及び画像データ記憶部113の各々を備えている。この第1の実施形態の識別装置は、撮像部101と照明部104とが一体化されており、再帰反射をする偽造防止媒体の真贋判定の処理に対応した構成となっている。
撮像制御部102は、入射された光に対して偽造防止媒体から出射される光のパターン(光の色(波長)あるいは文字や絵などの画像)を撮像した画像である撮像画像データを撮像部101が撮像する際、焦点深度、撮像素子の感度(ISO(International Organization for Standardization)感度)などの撮像部101の撮像条件を制御する。
照明部104は、通常の撮像対象に光を連続して照射する照明だけではなく、撮像対象に対して短時間に光を照射するフラッシュあるいはストロボ(登録商標)などと呼ばれる発光装置であってもよい。この照明部104は、露光制御部103からの発光指示に対応し、撮像する対象物に対して所定の強度の光を照射する。ここで、撮像制御部102は、撮像タイミングを示す制御信号を露光制御部103に対して供給する。これにより、露光制御部103は、撮像制御部102から供給される撮像タイミングを示す制御信号に対応させ、上述したように、照明部104に対して偽造防止媒体に照射する照明光を出射させる発光指示を出力する。
そして、観察角度推定部105は、撮像画像データに付与した撮像画像データの各々を識別する撮像画像データ識別情報とともに、求めた撮像視点を含む撮像画像データ情報を画像データ記憶部113の撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。この観察角度により、入射された光に対して偽造防止媒体から出射されて、観察される光のパターンが異なる。
ここで、撮像画像データ識別情報は、撮像画像データの各々を識別するための情報である。
偽造防止媒体400は、回折構造によって各種回折光を放つホログラムのようなものであっても良い。この場合、ホログラムは反射型、透過型、位相型、体積型など各種ホログラムを用いることができる。
以下では、特に凹凸構造を有するレリーフ型構造体の例を中心に詳述する。
図4及び図5に示されるようなレリーフ構造形成層302に形成されている第1の凹凸構造部310や第2の凹凸構造部320などの凹凸構造の形成方法としては、金属性のスタンパなどを用いて、放射線硬化成形や押し出し成形、熱プレス成形など種々の方法を用いることができる。
一般に表示体に用いられる通常の回折格子の多くは、空間周波数を500~1600本/mmとしており、回折格子の空間周波数または向きなどによって、一定の方向から観察するユーザに対して、異なる色を表示することが可能である。
但し、各光散乱構造331は完全に平行である必要はなく、上記指向性散乱構造330の領域が十分な異方性をもった散乱能を有している限り、一部の光散乱構造331の長手方向と他の一部の光散乱構造331の長手方向とが交差していても良い。
上記構造を取ることにより、配向方向332に垂直な斜め方向から光を照射して、指向性散乱構造330からなる領域を正面から観察すると、高い光散乱能に起因して、比較的明るく見えることとなる。
従って、このような光散乱構造331を含むセグメントまたはセルにおいて、各セグメントまたはセル毎に配向方向332を任意に設けることにより、比較的明るい部分と比較的暗い部分の組合せによるパターンが形成され、観察する位置あるいは光を照射する位置を変化させて観察することにより、明暗の逆転などが観察される。
上記第1の凹凸構造部310は、上記レリーフ型回折格子構造や指向性散乱構造などの構造を単独あるいは複合的に設けることができるが、必ずしも上述した構造に限定されるものではない。
また、第2の凹凸構造部320に採用可能な構造の一例を図6に斜視図として示している。
ここでは、複数の凸部321のみにより第2の凹凸構造部320が形成されているが、これは一例にすぎず、本実施形態では、複数の凹部を用いて第2の凹凸構造部320を形成することができる。
本実施形態における第2の凹凸構造部320に設けられた単一の凹部または凸部の表面積は、単一の凹部または凸部をレリーフ構造形成層302表面へ配列するのに要する占有面積の1.5倍以上であることが好ましい。
単一の凹部または凸部の表面積が占有面積の1.5倍以上とすることにより、良好な低反射性、低散乱性を得ることができる。すなわち、第1の凹凸構造部と明らかに異なる色調となり、撮像部101によって撮像した際に認識しやすくなるためである。一方で、単一の凹部または凸部の表面積が占有面積の1.5倍より小さい場合には、反射率が高くなるため好ましくない。
ここで、順テーパ形状とは、凹部または凸部の基材表面に対して平行な断面積が、凹部または凸部の基端から先端に行くに従い減少するように形成されている場合をいう。具体的には、円錐状、角錐状、楕円錐状、円柱状もしくは円筒状、角柱状もしくは角筒状、截頭円錐状、截頭角錐状、截頭楕円錐状、円柱もしくは円筒に円錐を接合した形状、角柱もしくは角筒に角錐を接合した形状、半球、半楕円体、弾丸型、及び、おわん型をした形状などを挙げることができる。
図6に示す様に、第2の凹凸構造部320において、隣接する凹部または凸部の中心間距離が一定である時、図7に示すように、第2の凹凸構造部320に光を照射すると、第2の凹凸構造部320は、入射光501の進行方向に対して、特定の方向に回折光を射出する。
d(sinα±sinβ)=nλ … (1)
式(1)において、dは凹部または凸部の中心間距離を表し、λは入射光及び回折光の波長を表している。また、αは入射光の入射角を、βは回折光の射出角を表しており、nは次数であり、最も代表的な回折光は、1次回折光であることから、n=1と考えることができる。
d(sinα-sinβ)=λ … (2)
従って、凹部または凸部の中心間距離dと、入射角すなわち0次回折光の入射角αを一定とした時、式(2)から明らかなように、1次回折光503の射出角βは、波長λに応じて変化する。従って、照明光が白色光である場合、凹凸構造部の観察角度を変化させると、撮像部101が撮像する色が変化する。
例えば、入射角α=60°、d=340nmとした場合に、λ=600nmに対する射出角|β|はおよそ64°となる。
また、偽造防止媒体400は、例えば、微小球体または球状構造による再起反射特性を活用するような構成、微小領域の表面構造に勾配を形成し反射特性を持たせることで、特定方向にのみ入射光を反射/透過させる角度制御ミラーのような構成、または、凹版印刷によって設けられる凹凸形状を持った印刷物のような構成を有していても良い。
また、偽造防止媒体400は、例えば、雲母に金属酸化物が被覆されたパール顔料が印刷などによって設けられた構成を有していても良い。
ここで、Δα=α-α1
ΔP=((x-x1)+(y-y1)+(z-z1))
ΔR=((x-x1)2+(y-y1)2+(z-z1)2)1/2
である。
そして、合致割合通知部106は、表示画面111Aに対して、参照撮像視点と撮像視点との合致の割合である合致割合を示す合致割合表示画像を表示し、ユーザが撮像視点に対して撮像視点を合致させるように、偽造防止媒体400に対する撮像部101の撮像視点を相対的に移動させることを促す。
図9A~図9Cにおいては、合致割合表示画像1111としてプログレスバーが用いられている。
そして、図9A及び図9Bに示す様に、プログレスメータ1111Mにおいて、計算された合致割合に対応した割合の面積をバー1111Bが満たしていく構成となっている。これにより、本実施形態においては、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定が行える状態か否かを、容易にユーザに対して認識させることができる。したがって、ユーザは、真贋判定の処理が間違いなく進んでいくことがビジュアルに認識することができ、スムーズに真贋判定の処理を進めることができる。
また、撮像角度差分Δα及び二乗差分ΔRの各々を次元とし、合致割合を読み出す2次元の評価テーブルを、画像データ記憶部113に予め書き込んで用意しておく構成としても良い。この場合、合致割合通知部106は、求めた撮像角度差分Δα及び二乗差分ΔRに対応する評価値として、評価テーブルから合致割合を読み出す。
図9Cは、偽造防止媒体に対する真贋判定が真で終了した場合の達成度表示画像の一例を示す図である。
参照撮像視点と撮像視点とが一致(所定の誤差範囲で一致)することにより、プログレスバーにおける合致割合が100%となる、これにより、合致割合通知部106は、プログレスバー(合致割合表示画像1111)におけるプログレスメータ1111Mをバー1111Bで全て満たす。
合致割合通知部106は、参照撮像視点に対する撮像視点の合致割合に対応させ、合致割合が大きければ、水準値1121Tに対して近い距離に評価バー1121Bを移動させ、一方、合致割合が小さければ、水準値1121Tに対して遠い距離に評価バー1121Bを移動させる。また、合致割合通知部106は、距離がプラスの場合に水準値1121Tの上方向に評価バー1121Bを移動させ、距離がマイナスの場合に水準値1121Tの下方向に評価バー1121Bを移動させる。
また、撮像角度差分Δα及び撮像座標値差分ΔPの各々を次元とし、合致割合を読み出す2次元の評価テーブルを、画像データ記憶部113に予め書き込んで用意しておく構成としても良い。この場合、合致割合通知部106は、求めた撮像角度差分Δα及び撮像座標値差分ΔPに対応する評価値として、評価テーブルから合致割合としての水準値1121Tと評価バー1121Bとの距離を読み出す。
そして、真贋判定が行われ処理が真として終了すると、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。図10Cは、結果通知画像1113が表示された図を示す。この結果通知画像1113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像1113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。
そして、真贋判定が行われ処理が真として終了すると、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。図11Cは、結果通知画像1113が表示された図を示す。この結果通知画像1113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像1113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。
また、上記テーブルの上にコップを置き、コップの中の液体がこぼれなくなるように、テーブルが水平に安定するように、真贋判定装置1をユーザが偽造防止媒体400に対して相対的に移動させるように構成しても良い。
そして、真贋判定が行われ処理が真として終了すると、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。図12Cは、結果通知画像1113が表示された図を示す。この結果通知画像1113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像1113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。
また、撮像角度差分Δα及び二乗差分ΔRの各々を次元とし、合致割合を読み出す2次元の評価テーブルを、画像データ記憶部113に予め書き込んで用意しておく構成としても良い。この場合、合致割合通知部106は、求めた撮像角度差分Δα及び二乗差分ΔRに対応する評価値として、評価テーブルから合致割合である濃度係数ηを読み出す。
したがって、図13Aに示す様に、合致割合に対応した濃度係数ηが各画素の階調度に乗算される。このため、基準濃度枠1115外における画像1112の領域1112Aの画像の濃度は、合致割合に対応した濃度で表示される。一方、基準濃度枠1115内における画像1112の領域1112Bは、撮像されたままの濃度で表示される。濃度係数ηは、合致割合が100%に近づくほど、1に近づくように設定されている。
これにより、本実施形態においては、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定が行える状態か否かを、容易にユーザに対して認識させることができる。したがって、ユーザは、真贋判定の処理が間違いなく進んでいくことがビジュアルに認識することができ、スムーズに真贋判定の処理を進めることができる。
真贋判定が行われ処理が真として終了すると、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。この結果通知画像1113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像1113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。
また、撮像部101は、合致割合通知部106から撮像指示信号が供給されると、撮像処理を行い、撮像画像データを画像データ記憶部113に対して書き込んで記憶させる。
利用可能画像選択部107は、撮像部101が撮像した撮像画像データが真贋処理に用いることが可能な撮像画像データであるか否かの判定を行う。ここで、利用可能画像選択部107は、撮像部101が撮像した撮像画像データから真贋処理に用いることが可能な撮像画像データの選択を行う際、例えば、偽造防止媒体400の形状の全てが撮像画像データに撮像されているか否か、あるいはピントが合っているか否か、輝度ヒストグラムの分布(後述)が適切であるか否かなどの判定処理を行う。
このため、所定の画素間におけるRGBの色味で評価、すなわち撮像画像データの所定の画素間におけるR/G(Rの階調度及びGの階調度との比)と、撮像画像データの所定の画素間に対応する正解画像データの画素間におけるR/Gとの平均二乗誤差を算出して、照明光の強度の差を吸収させて、高い精度の類似度を示す数値を算出するように構成しても良い。所定の画素間とは、2点の画素A及び画素Bを組としておき、画素AのRの階調度を画素BのGの階調度で除算した比として、R/Gを求める。また、R/Gのみでなく、B/G(Bの階調度及びGの階調度との比)を組合わせて用いても良い。ここで、所定の画素間とは、予めR/GやB/Gが大きくなる画素の組合せを設定させておく。
一方、真贋判定部110は、一枚から複数枚における撮像画像データの類似度を求め、全ての類似度が類似閾値未満であれば、その偽造防止媒体400が付加されているクレジットカード300(真贋判定対象)を真である(本物である)と判定する。
この撮像条件における露光条件対して、照明の有無あるいは照明の強度を必要に応じて加える構成としても良い。
撮像制御部102は、輝度ヒストグラムの階調度の分布に基づき、照明の調整が必要か否かの判定を行う。撮像制御部102は、黒つぶれが発生することが推定され、輝度ヒストグラムの分布を高階調度側にシフトさせる照明の調整が必要な場合、露光制御部103に対して照明部104の撮像時における偽造防止媒体400の照明を所定の強度で行わせる(例えばフラッシュ光を撮像方向に照射させる)。また、撮像制御部102は、真贋判定装置1が露光制御部103及び照明部104を有していない場合、ユーザに対して必要な光強度の照明を偽造防止媒体400に対して照射することを促す表示を表示部112の表示画面に表示する。
表示部112は、例えば液晶ディスプレイであり、自身の表示画面に対して画像を表示する。
ステップS1:
撮像制御部102は、撮像部101における真贋判定対象の現在の撮像条件を検出、例えば露光条件などを検出する。
撮像制御部102は、露光条件などの撮像条件の全てが、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる条件であるか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、撮像制御部102は、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる撮像条件である場合、処理をステップS3へ進める。一方、撮像制御部102は、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる撮像条件でない場合、処理をステップS4へ進める。
観察角度推定部105は、撮像部101の撮像視点における撮像角度を求める際、撮像画像データから、3次元座標系における偽造防止媒体400の座標位置と、撮像部101の撮像視点における撮像座標値とを求める。また、観察角度推定部105は、3次元座標系における偽造防止媒体400の座標位置と撮像部101の撮像座標値とから、偽造防止媒体400に対する撮像部101の撮像角度を求め、この撮像部101の撮像座標値と撮像角度との各々を、撮像部101の撮像視点とする。
合致割合通知部106は、撮像部101の撮像視点が真贋判定装置1に対応して予め設定されている参照撮像視点と合致するように、表示画面111Aに合致割合表示画像を表示し、ユーザに対して真贋判定装置1の移動を促す。
そして、合致割合通知部106は、撮像視点が参照撮像視点と合致したと判定した場合、撮像制御部102に対して、撮像指示信号を出力する。
撮像制御部102は、撮像条件において満たされていない条件を表示部112の表示画面に表示し、ユーザに対して撮像条件における満たされていない条件の調整を示唆し、処理をステップS1へ進める。
撮像制御部102は、撮像部101に対して撮像処理を行わせて、偽造防止媒体400の撮像画像データを得る。ここで、撮像制御部102は、動画のモードで撮像している場合、動画における参照撮像視点と合致して撮像視点におけるフレームを撮像画像データとして抽出する。動画のモードにおいては、このフレームを抽出する処理を、撮像画像データを撮像する処理とする。
そして、撮像制御部102は、撮像された撮像画像データに撮像画像データ識別情報を付与し、撮像画像データを書き込んだ画像データ記憶部113における領域のアドレスである撮像画像データアドレスとともに画像データ記憶部113に対して書き込んで記憶させる。
ステップS301:
観察角度推定部105は、予め設定された座標変換式により、撮像画像データから3次元座標系における偽造防止媒体400の座標位置を求める。
合致割合通知部106は、偽造防止媒体400の座標位置に対応して相対位置で設定されている正解画像データの参照撮像視点(参照撮像角度及び参照撮像座標値)を、観察角度推定部105が求めた3次元座標系に対応させた絶対位置として算出する。
観察角度推定部105は、撮像画像データから、3次元座標系における撮像部101の撮像座標値を、座標変換式により求める。
合致割合通知部106は、参照撮像座標値と撮像座標値との差分として、撮像座標値差分ΔPを求める。
合致割合通知部106は、求めた座標差分ΔPから、座標評価値として二乗差分ΔRを求める。
観察角度推定部105は、撮像画像データから、3次元座標系における撮像部101の撮像角度を、座標変換式により求める。
合致割合通知部106は、参照撮像角度と撮像角度との差分として、撮像角度差分Δαを求める。
合致割合通知部106は、二乗差分ΔRと撮像角度差分Δαとに対応した合致割合を評価テーブルから読み出して求める。
合致割合通知部106は、求めた合致割合を図9Aに示すように、表示画面111Aに対して表示する。
合致割合通知部106は、合致割合が予め設定された所定の範囲に含まれているか否か、すなわち参照撮像視点に対して撮像視点が合致しているか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、合致割合通知部106は、参照撮像視点に対して撮像視点が合致している場合、処理を終了する(図15のステップS5へ進める)。一方、合致割合通知部106は、参照撮像視点に対して撮像視点が合致していない場合、ステップS301へ進める。
ステップS21:
利用可能画像選択部107は、処理されていない撮像画像データが、画像データ記憶部113の撮像画像データテーブルに存在するか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、利用可能画像選択部107は、処理されていない撮像画像データが撮像画像データテーブルに存在する場合、処理をステップS22へ進める。一方、利用可能画像選択部107は、処理されていない撮像画像データが撮像画像データテーブルに存在しない場合、ステップS21の処理を繰り返して行う。
利用可能画像選択部107は、処理されていない撮像画像データの撮像画像データアドレスを撮像画像データテーブルから読み出す。
そして、利用可能画像選択部107は、この撮像画像データアドレスにより、処理されていない撮像画像データを画像データ記憶部113から読み込んで、正解画像データとの比較が可能か否かの判定に用いる。
利用可能画像選択部107は、読み出した撮像画像データの各々が正解画像データとの比較が可能か否かの判定を行う。
ここで、利用可能画像選択部107は、例えば、偽造防止媒体400の形状の全てが撮像画像データに撮像されているか否か、あるいはピントが合っているか否か、輝度ヒストグラムの分布が適切であるか否かなどを判定する。このとき、利用可能画像選択部107は、撮像画像データが正解画像データと比較することが可能な場合、処理をステップS23へ進め、一方、撮像画像データが正解画像データと比較することが可能でない場合、処理をステップS24へ進める。
利用可能画像選択部107は、比較が可能であると判定された場合、撮像画像データに判定画像データ識別情報を付与する。そして、利用可能画像選択部107は、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して、付与した判定画像データ識別情報とともに、この撮像画像データの撮像画像データ識別情報とを書き込んで記憶させる。
利用可能画像選択部107は、比較が可能でないと判定された場合、処理をステップS21へ戻し、撮像画像データの取得処理を再度行う。
このとき、利用可能画像選択部107は、撮像している撮像視点を変更し、偽造防止媒体400を撮像することを示唆する通知を、表示部112の表示画面に対して表示する構成としても良い。この通知は、ピント及び輝度ヒストグラムの分布が適切な撮像画像データを得るための通知である。この通知により撮像視点を変更する示唆を得ることにより、ユーザは、偽造防止媒体400の真贋判定の処理が行われており、真贋判定の処理を進めるため、偽造防止媒体400の情報をさらに取得する必要があることを認識させることができる。
正解画像生成部108は、撮像画像データの撮像視点に基づき、撮像画像データの撮像視点に対応した正解画像データを所定のシミュレーションなどにより算出することにより生成する。正解画像生成部108は、生成した正解画像データを画像データ記憶部113に対して書き込み、かつ書き込んだアドレスを正解画像データアドレスとして真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。
類似度算出部109は、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、類似度の算出処理が行われていない撮像画像データ識別情報を読み出す。そして、類似度算出部109は、画像データ記憶部113の撮像画像データテーブルから、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報に対応した撮像画像データアドレスを読み出す。類似度算出部109は、読み出した撮像画像データアドレスに対応した撮像画像データを、画像データ記憶部113から読み出す。また、類似度算出部109は、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、対応する撮像角度の正解画像データアドレスを読み出し、この正解画像データアドレスにより正解画像データを画像データ記憶部113から読み出す。
そして、類似度算出部109は、正解画像データに対する撮像画像データの類似度をテンプレートマッチングにより算出する。類似度算出部109は、算出した類似度を撮像画像データ識別情報に対応させて、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。
真贋判定部110は、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、真贋判定を行っていない撮像画像データの類似度を読み込み、読み出した類似度が予め設定された類似閾値未満か否かの判定を行う。
そして、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満であるか否かの判定を行う。このとき、真贋判定部110は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満である場合、偽造防止媒体が真であり、真贋判定対象が正品(本物)であるとして処理をステップS29へ進める。一方、真贋判定部110は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値以上のものがある場合、偽造防止媒体が偽(贋物)であり、真贋判定対象が不正品であるとして処理をステップS30へ進める。
真贋判定部110は、表示部112を介して、表示画面に対して、真贋判定対象が正品であることを示す画像表示を行う(例えば、図9C参照)。そして、真贋判定装置1は、真贋判定対称に対する真贋判定処理を終了する。
真贋判定部110は、表示部112を介して、表示画面に対して、真贋判定対象が不正品であることを示す画像表示を行う。そして、真贋判定装置1は、真贋判定対称に対する真贋判定処理を終了する。
また、本実施形態によれば、偽造防止媒体を撮像した撮像画像データと、この撮像画像データの観察角度における真の偽造防止媒体の画像である正解画像データとを比較し、偽造防止媒体が真あるいは贋のいずれであるかの判定を行うため、従来のように特殊な真贋判定装置を用いず、かつ偽造防止媒体の設置状況に依存することなく、汎用的なデジタルカメラのような簡易な画像撮像装置による偽造防止媒体の撮像画像によって、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定(本物か贋物かの識別)を容易に行うことが可能となる。
しかし、上記プログレスバーに限らず、合致割合通知部106が、表示部112の表示画面111Aに対して、図10A~図10C、図11A~図11C、図12A~図12C、図13A~図13Cに示す画像を合致割合表示画像として表示することにより、真贋判定の進捗度を通知する構成としても良い。
以下、本発明の第2の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図18は、第2の実施形態による識別装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。図18において、真贋判定装置1Aは、撮像部101、撮像制御部102、露光制御部103、照明部104、観察角度推定部105、合致割合通知部106、利用可能画像選択部107、正解画像生成部108、類似度算出部109、真贋判定部110、達成度通知部111、表示部112及び画像データ記憶部113の各々を備えている。この第1の実施形態の識別装置は、撮像部101と照明部104とが一体化されており、再帰反射をする偽造防止媒体の真贋判定の処理に対応した構成となっている。図1における第1の実施形態と同様の構成には同一の符号を付し、以下、異なる構成のみを説明する。
達成度通知部111は、真贋判定部110から判定情報が供給される毎に、供給された判定情報を積算して判定情報数を求める。そして、達成度通知部111は、求めた判定情報数を規定数により除算して達成度を求め、求めた達成度をユーザに対して通知する。
参照撮像視点が複数の規定数分設定されている場合、参照撮像視点毎に、上述したユーザに対して、撮像部101の撮像視点を参照撮像視点に誘導する処理を行い、参照撮像視点毎に対応する撮像視点において撮像画像データを取得し、各撮像画像データに対して真贋判定を行う。
また、達成度通知部111は、真贋判定部110から判定情報が供給される毎に、供給された判定情報を積算して判定情報数を求める。そして、達成度通知部111は、求めた判定情報数を規定数により除算して達成度を求め、求めた達成度をユーザに対して通知する。達成度通知部111は、求めた達成度を通知する際、例えば、この達成度の進行の段階をユーザが直感的に認識できる達成度表示画像を表示する。
このとき、真贋判定部110は、撮像視点の撮像画像データに対する真贋判定が行われ、真として判定される毎に、偽造防止媒体400に対する真贋判定が真で終了したことを示す判定情報を、達成度通知部111に対して出力する。
図19A~図19Cにおいては、合致割合表示画像1111及び達成度表示画像2111の各々としてプログレスバーが用いられている。合致割合表示画像1111については図9A~図9Cと同様のため、以下、説明を省略する。そして、図19A及び図19Bに示す様に、プログレスメータ2111Mにおいて、計算された達成度に対応した割合の面積をバー2111Bが満たしていく構成となっている。これにより、本実施形態においては、真贋判定の進捗状態とともに、真贋判定の段階の進み具合を、容易にユーザに対して認識させることができる。したがって、ユーザは、真贋判定の処理が間違いなく進んでいくことがビジュアルに認識することができ、スムーズに真贋判定の処理を進めることができる。
図19Cは、偽造防止媒体に対する真贋判定が真で終了した場合の達成度表示画像の一例を示す図である。
真贋判定の処理が真として終了すると達成度が100%となるため、達成度通知部111は、プログレスバー(達成度表示画像2111)におけるプログレスメータ2111Mをバー2111Bで全て満たす。また、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。この結果通知画像1113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像1113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、達成度通知部111は、プログレスバーにおけるプログレスメータ1111Mからバー1111Bの画像を消去する。そして、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像1113を表示画面111Aに表示する。
ステップS28:
真贋判定部110は、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、真贋判定を行っていない撮像画像データの類似度を順次読み込み、読み出した類似度が予め設定された類似閾値未満か否かの判定を行う。
そして、真贋判定部110は、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満であるか否かの判定を行う。このとき、真贋判定部110は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満である場合、偽造防止媒体が真であり、真贋判定対象が正品(本物)であるとして処理をステップS28Aへ進める。一方、真贋判定部110は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値以上のものがある場合、偽造防止媒体が偽(贋物)であり、真贋判定対象が不正品であるとして処理をステップS30へ進める。
真贋判定部110は、真と判定した場合、達成度通知部111に対し、真贋判定が真で終了したことを示す情報として、達成度の算出を指示する判定情報を出力する。
達成度通知部111は、真贋判定部110から判定情報が供給される毎に、判定情報数をインクリメント(1を加算)して積算値を求める。
そして、達成度通知部111は、求めた積算値を予め設定されている判定情報数の規定数により除算し、達成度を算出する。
そして、達成度通知部111は、算出した達成度を表示部112の表示画面111Aに対して達成度表示画像を表示し(例えば、図19A~図19Cにおける達成度表示画像2111)、ユーザに達成度を通知する。
達成度通知部111は、判定情報数が規定回数に達したか否かの判定を行い、達した場合、算出した達成度を真贋判定部110に対して出力し、処理をステップS28Dへ進める。
一方、達成度通知部111は、判定情報数が規定回数に達していない場合、処理をステップS25へ進める。
真贋判定部110は、達成度通知部111から供給される達成度が、予め設定された真判定閾値を超えているか否かの判定を行う。ここで、真贋判定部110は、達成度が真判定閾値を超えている場合、処理をステップS29へ進め、一方、達成度が真判定閾値以下である場合、処理をステップS20へ進める。
しかし、上記プログレスバーに限らず、達成度通知部111が、表示部112の表示画面に対してプログレスサークルあるいはプログレスダイアログを達成度表示画像として表示することにより、真贋判定の達成度の状態を通知する構成としても良い。
また、表示部112の表示画面に表示される達成度表示画像として、キャラクタの画像が達成度の段階に応じて、徐々に所定の完成形状となるように変化する画像を表示する構成としても良い。この場合、真贋判定が真(正品)で終了すると完成形となり、真贋判定が偽(非正品)であると壊れた形状が表示されるように構成しても良い。達成度表示画像は、構造物である必要は無く、ユーザが完成形に近づくことが認識できる形状であれば、動物などが達成度の段階に応じて成長していく様な画像を表示する構成しても良い。この場合、真贋判定が真(正品)で終了すると成長が終わった状態あるいは真と判定されたことをイメージする画像(例えば、天使など)となり、真贋判定が偽(非正品)であると成長を開始する時点の最初の形状や偽と判定されたことをイメージする形状(例えば、悪魔や鬼などの形状)となるように構成しても良い。
また、上述した以外に、表示部112の表示画面に表示される達成度表示画像として、所定の領域に太陽、電灯、動物、構造物などのキャラクタの画像を配置する構成としても良い。そして、達成度通知部111が、このキャラクタを暗い状態から常灯の明るい状態まで、真贋判定の達成度の段階に対応させ、真贋判定の段階が進む毎に、点灯/点滅の周波数を徐々に早くして、点滅の状態により達成度を認識させる構成としても良い。
また、表示部112の表示画面に表示される達成度表示画像として、三角形の画像が真贋判定の達成度に対応して、達成度が進む毎に角数が増加し、真贋判定が真(正品)で終了すると円となり、真贋判定が偽(非正品)であると×が表示されるように構成しても良い。
また、携帯端末あるいはスマートフォンのスピーカあるいは音声出力端子から、達成度通知部111が、真贋判定の達成度に対応した周波数の音声データ、例えば「ド、レ、ミ、ファ、ソ、ラ、シ、ド」の音階を、真贋判定の段階が進む毎に、高い周波数の音階に移行させて出力するように構成しても良い。この場合、真と判定された際、また、単に、所定の音の周波数を上げて、達成度の変化を表しても良い。
以下、本発明の第3の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
第2の実施形態における識別装置は、第2の実施形態における図18の識別装置と同様である。第2の実施形態が真贋判定に用いることが可能な撮像画像データが1枚でも真贋判定処理を行ったが、第3の実施形態においては、真贋判定に用いることが可能な撮像画像データが予め設定された枚数以上の場合のみに真贋判定処理を行う。ここで、この枚数の撮像画像データの各々は、それぞれ異なる観察角度により撮像されている必要がある。撮像処理については、第2の実施形態における図15、図16、図20のフローチャートと同様に行う。
ステップS21からステップS27までと、ステップS28からステップS30までと、ステップS33以降については、第2の実施形態における図17のフローチャートの動作と同様である。以下、第1の実施形態と異なる動作のみの説明を行う。
達成度通知部111は、画像データ記憶部113の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルにおける撮像画像データ識別情報の数を計数(カウント)し、撮像視点を求める。
そして、達成度通知部111は、現時点における撮像視点数と判定情報数の積算値とを加算し、規定数を2倍した数値(撮像視点の数と規定数とを加算した数値)により除算し、達成度を求める。
そして、達成度通知部111は、算出した達成度を表示部112の表示画面に対して達成度表示画像を表示し(例えば、図19A~図19Cにおける達成度表示画像2111)、ユーザに達成度を通知する。
以下、本発明の第4の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図22は、第4の実施形態による識別装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。図22において、識別装置は、真贋判定装置1B及び撮像装置2を備えている。真贋判定装置1Bは、撮像制御部102、観察角度推定部105、利用可能画像選択部107、正解画像生成部108、類似度算出部109、真贋判定部110、表示部112及び画像データ記憶部113の各々を備えている。また、撮像装置2は、撮像部101、露光制御部103、照明部104の各々を備えている。図22において、第1の実施形態と同様の構成については同一の符号を付してある。
また、真贋判定装置1Aはクラウド構成として、図示してはいないが、デジタルカメラあるいは携帯端末とインターネットなどの情報通信回線を用いて通信できるようにしてもよい。そして、真贋判定装置1Bは、すでに述べた第1の実施形態から第3の実施形態と同様に、デジタルカメラあるいは携帯端末から送信される撮像画像データを用いて、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定の処理を行う構成としてもよい。
以下、本発明の第5の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。すでに述べた第1の実施形態から第5の実施形態は、偽造防止媒体が再帰反射を行う特性を有するものであり、撮像部101とともに真贋判定装置1あるいは撮像装置2と一体化されて構成されている。しかしながら、偽造防止媒体には、図3に示すような照明200からの光が透過して、この透過した光のパターンの撮像画像データが真贋判定に用いられる特性を有するもの(例えば、透過ホログラムなど)もある。この場合、偽造防止媒体の透過光が撮像部に入射される位置に、照明200を配置する必要がある。そのため、本発明の第4の実施形態のように、照明部104を撮像装置2あるいは真贋判定装置1から分離する必要がある。
また、本実施形態によれば、照明装置3が真贋判定装置1Aあるいは撮像装置2Aと分離して設けられているため、照明装置3からの光が透過する際、観察角度αに対応して透過する光のパターンが異なる特性を有する偽造防止媒体に対応して、それぞれの観察角度αにおける透過する光のパターンの撮像画像データを容易に撮像することができる。
以下、本発明の第6の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図24は、第6の実施形態による識別装置(真贋判定装置)の構成例を示すブロック図である。図24において、真贋判定装置3001は、撮像部3101、撮像制御部3102、露光制御部3103、照明部3104、観察角度推定部3105、利用可能画像選択部3106、正解画像生成部3107、類似度算出部3108、真贋判定部3109、達成度通知部3110、表示部3111及び画像データ記憶部3112の各々を備えている。この第6の実施形態の識別装置は、撮像部3101と照明部3104とが一体化されており、再帰反射をする偽造防止媒体の真贋判定の処理に対応した構成となっている。
撮像制御部3102は、入射された光に対して偽造防止媒体から出射される光のパターン(光の色(波長)あるいは文字や絵などの画像)を撮像した画像である撮像画像データを撮像部3101が撮像する際、焦点深度、撮像素子の感度(ISO(International Organization for Standardization)感度)などの撮像部3101の撮像条件を制御する。
照明部3104は、通常の撮像対象に光を連続して照射する照明だけではなく、撮像対象に対して短時間に光を照射するフラッシュあるいはストロボ(登録商標)などと呼ばれる発光装置であってもよい。この照明部3104は、露光制御部3103からの発光指示に対応し、撮像する対象物に対して所定の強度の光を照射する。ここで、撮像制御部3102は、撮像タイミングを示す制御信号を露光制御部3103に対して供給する。これにより、露光制御部3103は、撮像制御部3102から供給される撮像タイミングを示す制御信号に対応させ、上述したように、照明部3104に対して偽造防止媒体に照射する照明光を出射させる発光指示を出力する。
そして、観察角度推定部3105は、撮像画像データに付与した撮像画像データそれぞれを識別する撮像画像データ識別情報とともに、求めた観察位置及び観察角度を含む撮像画像データ情報を画像データ記憶部3112の撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。この観察角度により、入射された光に対して偽造防止媒体から出射されて、観察される光のパターンが異なる。
観察角度α及び照射角度βの各々によって、照射光に対応して偽造防止媒体から出射される光のパターンが異なる。
偽造防止媒体3400は、回折構造によって各種回折光を放つホログラムのようなものであっても良い。この場合、ホログラムは反射型、透過型、位相型、体積型など各種ホログラムを用いることができる。
以下では、特に凹凸構造を有するレリーフ型構造体の例を中心に詳述する。
図27及び図28に示されるようなレリーフ構造形成層3302に形成されている第1の凹凸構造部3310や第2の凹凸構造部3320などの凹凸構造の形成方法としては、金属性のスタンパなどを用いて、放射線硬化成形や押し出し成形、熱プレス成形など種々の方法を用いることができる。
一般に表示体に用いられる通常の回折格子の多くは、空間周波数を500~1600本/mmとしており、回折格子の空間周波数または向きなどによって、一定の方向から観察するユーザに対して、異なる色を表示することが可能である。
但し、各光散乱構造3331は完全に平行である必要はなく、上記指向性散乱構造3330の領域が十分な異方性をもった散乱能を有している限り、一部の光散乱構造3331の長手方向と他の一部の光散乱構造3331の長手方向とが交差していても良い。
上記構造を取ることにより、配向方向3332に垂直な斜め方向から光を照射して、指向性散乱構造3330からなる領域を正面から観察すると、高い光散乱能に起因して、比較的明るく見えることとなる。
従って、このような光散乱構造3331を含むセグメントまたはセルにおいて、各セグメントまたはセル毎に配向方向3332を任意に設けることにより、比較的明るい部分と比較的暗い部分の組合せによるパターンが形成され、観察する位置あるいは光を照射する位置を変化させて観察することにより、明暗の逆転などが観察される。
上記第1の凹凸構造部3310は、上記レリーフ型回折格子構造や指向性散乱構造などの構造を単独あるいは複合的に設けることができるが、必ずしも上述した構造に限定されるものではない。
また、第2の凹凸構造部3320に採用可能な構造の一例を図29に斜視図として示している。
ここでは、複数の凸部3321のみにより第2の凹凸構造部3320が形成されているが、これは一例にすぎず、本実施形態では、複数の凹部を用いて第2の凹凸構造部3320を形成することができる。
本実施形態における第2の凹凸構造部3320に設けられた単一の凹部または凸部の表面積は、単一の凹部または凸部をレリーフ構造形成層3302表面へ配列するのに要する占有面積の1.5倍以上であることが好ましい。
単一の凹部または凸部の表面積が占有面積の1.5倍以上とすることにより、良好な低反射性、低散乱性を得ることができる。すなわち、第1の凹凸構造部と明らかに異なる色調となり、撮像部3101によって撮像した際に認識しやすくなるためである。一方で、単一の凹部または凸部の表面積が占有面積の1.5倍より小さい場合には、反射率が高くなるため好ましくない。
ここで、順テーパ形状とは、凹部または凸部の基材表面に対して平行な断面積が、凹部または凸部の基端から先端に行くに従い減少するように形成されている場合をいう。具体的には、円錐状、角錐状、楕円錐状、円柱状もしくは円筒状、角柱状もしくは角筒状、截頭円錐状、截頭角錐状、截頭楕円錐状、円柱もしくは円筒に円錐を接合した形状、角柱もしくは角筒に角錐を接合した形状、半球、半楕円体、弾丸型、及び、おわん型をした形状などを挙げることができる。
図29に示す様に、第2の凹凸構造部3320において、隣接する凹部または凸部の中心間距離が一定である時、図30に示すように、第2の凹凸構造部3320に光を照射すると、第2の凹凸構造部3320は、入射光3501の進行方向に対して、特定の方向に回折光を射出する。
d(sinα±sinβ)=nλ … (1)
式(1)において、dは凹部または凸部の中心間距離を表し、λは入射光及び回折光の波長を表している。また、αは入射光の入射角を、βは回折光の射出角を表しており、nは次数であり、最も代表的な回折光は、1次回折光であることから、n=1と考えることができる。
d(sinα-sinβ)=λ … (2)
従って、凹部または凸部の中心間距離dと、入射角すなわち0次回折光の入射角αを一定とした時、式(2)から明らかなように、1次回折光3503の射出角βは、波長λに応じて変化する。従って、照明光が白色光である場合、凹凸構造部の観察角度を変化させると、撮像部3101が撮像する色が変化する。
例えば、入射角α=60°、d=340nmとした場合に、λ=600nmに対する射出角|β|はおよそ64°となる。
また、偽造防止媒体3400は、例えば、微小球体または球状構造による再起反射特性を活用するような構成、微小領域の表面構造に勾配を形成し反射特性を持たせることで、特定方向にのみ入射光を反射/透過させる角度制御ミラーのような構成、または、凹版印刷によって設けられる凹凸形状を持った印刷物のような構成を有していても良い。
また、偽造防止媒体3400は、例えば、雲母に金属酸化物が被覆されたパール顔料が印刷などによって設けられた構成を有していても良い。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、選択した撮像画像データに対して判定画像データ識別情報を付与し、この撮像画像データの撮像画像データ識別情報とともに、画像データ記憶部3112における真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。
また、利用可能画像選択部3106は、後述する観察角度推定部3105により求められた観察角度が、予め設定されている所定の設定観察角度(例えば、所定の誤差を含んだ観察角度範囲)のいずれかに含まれているか否か、またすでに得られた設定観察角度に対応する観察角度か否かの判定を行う。所定の設定観察角度の数は、規定数の数と同一である。
すなわち、本実施形態においては、例えば、予め設定された設定観察角度が規定数として設定されている。ここで、利用可能画像選択部3106は、求めた観察角度が予め設定された設定観察角に対応していない場合、またはすでに得られた設定観察角度と一致する場合、この観察角度に対応する撮像画像データ識別情報に対応するデータを、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから削除する。一方、利用可能画像選択部3106は、求めた観察角度が予め設定された設定観察角度に対応し、かつすでに得られた設定観察角度と一致しない場合、正解画像生成部3107に対して正解画像の生成を行わせる。
このため、所定の画素間におけるRGBの色味で評価、すなわち撮像画像データの所定の画素間におけるR/G(Rの階調度及びGの階調度との比)と、撮像画像データの所定の画素間に対応する正解画像データの画素間におけるR/Gとの平均二乗誤差を算出して、照明光の強度の差を吸収させて、高い精度の類似度を示す数値を算出するように構成しても良い。所定の画素間とは、2点の画素A及び画素Bを組としておき、画素AのRの階調度を画素BのGの階調度で除算した比として、R/Gを求める。また、R/Gのみでなく、B/G(Bの階調度及びGの階調度との比)を組合わせて用いても良い。ここで、所定の画素間とは、予めR/GやB/Gが大きくなる画素の組合せを設定させておく。
このとき、真贋判定部3109は、撮像角度の撮像画像データに対する真贋判定が行われ、真として判定される毎に、偽造防止媒体3400に対する真贋判定が真で終了したことを示す判定情報を、達成度通知部3110に対して出力する。
表示部3111は、例えば液晶ディスプレイであり、自身の表示画面に対して画像を表示する。この達成度は、真贋判定の処理の進捗状況を示す数値である。
画像データ記憶部3112には、すでに説明した撮像画像データ、正解画像データ、撮像画像データテーブル及び真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルの各々が書き込まれて記憶されている。
また、達成度通知部3110は、求めた達成度を通知する際、例えば、この達成度の進行の段階をユーザが直感的に認識できる達成度表示画像を表示する。
図33A~図33Cにおいては、達成度表示画像3111としてプログレスバーが用いられている。
そして、図33A及び図33Bに示す様に、プログレスメータ3111Mにおいて、計算された達成度に対応した割合の面積をバー3111Bが満たしていく構成となっている。これにより、本実施形態においては、真贋判定の段階の進み具合を、容易にユーザに対して認識させることができる。したがって、ユーザは、真贋判定の処理が間違いなく進んでいくことがビジュアルに認識することができ、スムーズに真贋判定の処理を進めることができる。
図33Cは、偽造防止媒体に対する真贋判定が真で終了した場合の達成度表示画像の一例を示す図である。
真贋判定の処理が真として終了すると達成度が100%となるため、達成度通知部3110は、プログレスバー(達成度表示画像3111)におけるプログレスメータ3111Mをバー3111Bで全て満たす。また、達成度通知部3110は、真贋判定の結果が真であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、結果通知画像3113を表示画面3111Aに表示する。この結果通知画像3113は、例えば、真贋判定の処理が真で終了したため、「真」を示す文字画像3113Aが含まれ、真贋判定の結果をビジュアル的に表現した画像となっている。一方、図示はしないが、真贋判定が偽で終了した場合、達成度通知部3110は、プログレスバーにおけるプログレスメータ3111Mからバー3111Bの画像を消去する。そして、達成度通知部3110は、真贋判定の結果が偽であることをユーザに対して直感的に通知するため、「偽」を示す文字画像を含む結果通知画像3113を表示画面3111Aに表示する。
このとき、撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の撮像方向である観察角度を、観察角度推定部3105に対して推定させる。そして、撮像制御部3102は、観察角度推定部3105が推定した観察角度が角度範囲に入っている場合に撮像処理における角度条件を満たし、一方、推定された観察角度が角度範囲に入っていない場合に撮像処理における角度条件を満たさないとする表示を表示部3111の表示画面に表示し、ユーザに対して角度範囲の観察角度に調整することを促す。
この撮像条件における露光条件対して、照明の有無あるいは照明の強度を必要に応じて加える構成としても良い。
撮像制御部3102は、輝度ヒストグラムの階調度の分布に基づき、照明の調整が必要か否かの判定を行う。撮像制御部3102は、黒つぶれが発生することが推定され、輝度ヒストグラムの分布を高階調度側にシフトさせる照明の調整が必要な場合、露光制御部3103に対して照明部3104の撮像時における偽造防止媒体3400の照明を所定の強度で行わせる(例えばフラッシュ光を撮像方向に照射させる)。また、撮像制御部3102は、真贋判定装置3001が露光制御部3103及び照明部3104を有していない場合、ユーザに対して必要な光強度の照明を偽造防止媒体3400に対して照射することを促す表示を表示部3111の表示画面に表示する。
ステップS501:
撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101における真贋判定対象の現在の撮像条件を検出、例えば露光条件などを検出する。
撮像制御部3102は、露光条件などの撮像条件の全てが、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる条件であるか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、撮像制御部3102は、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる撮像条件である場合、処理をステップS503へ進める。一方、撮像制御部3102は、正解画像データと比較することが可能な品質の撮像画像データが撮像できる撮像条件でない場合、処理をステップS504へ進める。
撮像制御部3102は、撮像画像データにおける偽造防止媒体3400の撮像位置を抽出する。すなわち、撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の撮像範囲内におけるクレジットカード3300(真贋判定対象)の3次元形状を得る。そして、撮像制御部3102は、得られたクレジットカード3300の3次元形状と、予め記憶されているクレジットカード3300の3次元形状とを比較し、撮像部3101の撮像範囲内における偽造防止媒体3400の領域を抽出する。
撮像制御部3102は、撮像条件において満たされていない条件を表示部3111の表示画面に表示し、ユーザに対して撮像条件における満たされていない条件の調整を示唆する。
撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の撮像範囲における偽造防止媒体3400と、予め記憶されているクレジットカード3300の3次元形状における偽造防止媒体3400とを比較する。そして、撮像制御部3102は、偽造防止媒体3400全体が撮像画像データを撮像する撮像方向、すなわち観察角度が予め設定された角度範囲に入っているか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の観察角度が角度範囲内にある場合、処理をステップS506へ進め、一方、撮像部3101の観察角度が角度範囲内にない場合、処理をステップS507へ進める。
撮像制御部3102は、偽造防止媒体3400の撮像方向、すなわち観察角度の推定処理を観察角度推定部3105に行わせる。
これにより、観察角度推定部3105は、撮像部3101の撮像範囲における撮像画像データから得られるクレジットカード3300の3次元形状と、予め記憶されている3次元座標系におけるクレジットカード3300の3次元形状とを比較することにより、偽造防止媒体3400の観察角度を推定する。ここで、観察角度推定部3105は、上記比較により、撮像部3101がクレジットカード3300を撮像する撮像方向を求める。そして、観察角度推定部3105は、3次元座標系におけるクレジットカード3300の偽造防止媒体3400が添付されている面(クレジットカード3300の上面あるいは下面の偽造防止媒体3400が添付されているいずれかの面)の法線と、撮像部3101の撮像方向とのなす角度を観察角度として求め、撮像制御部3102に対して出力する。
撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の撮像範囲内に偽造防止媒体3400の領域が全て含まれるように、撮像部3101の撮像する撮像位置を調整することを表示部3111の表示画面に表示し、ユーザに対して撮像位置の変更を示唆する。
撮像制御部3102は、偽造防止媒体3400全体が撮像画像データを撮像する撮像方向、すなわち観察角度が予め設定された角度範囲に入っているか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の観察角度が角度範囲内にある場合、処理をステップS510へ進め、一方、撮像部3101の観察角度が角度範囲内にない場合、処理をステップS509へ進める。
撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101の観察角度が予め設定されている角度範囲以内に含まれるように、撮像部3101の撮像する撮像方向を調整することを表示部3111の表示画面に表示し、ユーザに対して撮像方向の変更を示唆する。
撮像制御部3102は、偽造防止媒体3400の撮像が可能であることを示す画像を、表示部3111の表示画面に表示し、偽造防止媒体3400の撮像をユーザに対して促す。
そして、ユーザは、表示画面を確認して、真贋判定装置3001の入力手段から、撮像指示を入力する。
これにより、撮像制御部3102は、撮像部3101に対して撮像処理を行わせて、撮像画像データを得る。
そして、撮像制御部3102は、撮像された撮像画像データに撮像画像データ識別情報を付与し、撮像画像データを書き込んだ画像データ記憶部3112における領域のアドレスである撮像画像データアドレスとともに画像データ記憶部3112に対して書き込んで記憶させる。
ステップS521:
利用可能画像選択部3106は、処理されていない撮像画像データが、画像データ記憶部3112の撮像画像データテーブルに存在するか否かの判定を行う。
このとき、利用可能画像選択部3106は、処理されていない撮像画像データが撮像画像データテーブルに存在する場合、処理をステップS522へ進める。一方、利用可能画像選択部3106は、処理されていない撮像画像データが撮像画像データテーブルに存在しない場合、ステップS521の処理を繰り返して行う。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、処理されていない撮像画像データの撮像画像データアドレスを撮像画像データテーブルから読み出す。
そして、利用可能画像選択部3106は、この撮像画像データアドレスにより、処理されていない撮像画像データを画像データ記憶部3112から順次読み込んで、正解画像データとの比較が可能か否かの判定に用いる。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、読み出した撮像画像データの各々が正解画像データとの比較が可能か否かの判定を行う。
ここで、利用可能画像選択部3106は、例えば、偽造防止媒体3400の形状の全てが撮像画像データに撮像されているか否か、あるいはピントが合っているか否か、輝度ヒストグラムの分布が適切であるか否かなどを判定する。このとき、利用可能画像選択部3106は、撮像画像データが正解画像データと比較することが可能な場合、処理をステップS523へ進め、一方、撮像画像データが正解画像データと比較することが可能でない場合、処理をステップS524へ進める。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、比較が可能であると判定された場合、撮像画像データに判定画像データ識別情報を付与する。そして、利用可能画像選択部3106は、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して、付与した判定画像データ識別情報とともに、この撮像画像データの撮像画像データ識別情報とを書き込んで記憶させる。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、比較が可能でないと判定された場合、処理をステップS521へ戻し、撮像画像データの取得処理を再度行う。
このとき、利用可能画像選択部3106は、撮像している撮像視点を変更し、偽造防止媒体3400を撮像することを示唆する通知を、表示部3111の表示画面に対して表示する構成としても良い。この通知は、ピント及び輝度ヒストグラムの分布が適切な撮像画像データを得るため、及び後述する撮像画像の観察角度が、予め設定されている所定の設定観察角度である撮像画像データを得るための通知である。この通知により撮像視点を変更する示唆を得ることにより、ユーザは、偽造防止媒体3400の真贋判定の処理が行われており、真贋判定の処理を進めるため、偽造防止媒体3400の情報をさらに取得する必要があることを認識させることができる。
観察角度推定部3105は、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、撮像画像データ識別情報を読み出す。そして、観察角度推定部3105は、この撮像画像データ識別情報に対応した撮像画像データアドレスを撮像画像データテーブルから読み出す。また、観察角度推定部3105は、この撮像画像データアドレスにより、撮像画像データを画像データ記憶部3112から読み込んで、3次元座標系における撮像画像データ毎の観察角度を求めて、利用可能画像選択部3106に対して出力する。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、観察角度推定部3105から供給される観察角度が予め設定されている所定の設定観察角度のいずれかに含まれているか否か、またすでに求められた設定観察角度に対応する観察角度であるか否かの判定を行う。
利用可能画像選択部3106は、求めた観察角度が予め設定された設定観察角に対応していない場合、またはすでに得られた設定観察角度と一致する場合、この観察角度に対応する撮像画像データ識別情報に対応するデータを、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから削除し、処理をステップS525へ進める。一方、利用可能画像選択部3106は、求めた観察角度が予め設定された設定観察角に対応し、かつすでに得られた設定観察角度と一致しない場合、処理をステップS528へ進める。
正解画像生成部3107は、撮像画像データの観察角度に基づき、撮像画像データの観察角度に対応した正解画像データを所定のシミュレーションなどにより算出することにより生成する。正解画像生成部3107は、生成した正解画像データを画像データ記憶部3112に対して書き込み、かつ書き込んだアドレスを正解画像データアドレスとして真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。
類似度算出部3108は、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、類似度の算出処理が行われていない撮像画像データ識別情報を読み出す。そして、類似度算出部3108は、画像データ記憶部3112の撮像画像データテーブルから、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報に対応した撮像画像データアドレスを読み出す。類似度算出部3108は、読み出した撮像画像データアドレスに対応した撮像画像データを、画像データ記憶部3112から読み出す。また、類似度算出部3108は、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、対応する撮像角度の正解画像データアドレスを読み出し、この正解画像データアドレスにより正解画像データを画像データ記憶部3112から読み出す。
そして、類似度算出部3108は、正解画像データに対する撮像画像データの類似度をテンプレートマッチングにより算出する。類似度算出部3108は、算出した類似度を撮像画像データ識別情報に対応させて、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルに対して書き込んで記憶させる。
真贋判定部3109は、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから、真贋判定を行っていない撮像画像データの類似度を読み込み、読み出した類似度が予め設定された類似閾値未満か否かの判定を行う。
そして、真贋判定部3109は、真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルから読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満であるか否かの判定を行う。このとき、真贋判定部3109は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値未満である場合、偽造防止媒体が真であり、真贋判定対象が正品(本物)であるとして処理をステップS531へ進める。一方、真贋判定部3109は、読み出した撮像画像データ識別情報の示す撮像画像データの類似度が類似閾値以上のものがある場合、偽造防止媒体が偽(贋物)であり、真贋判定対象が不正品であるとして処理をステップS536へ進める。
真贋判定部3109は、真と判定した場合、達成度通知部3110に対し、真贋判定が真で終了したことを示す情報として、達成度の算出を指示する判定情報を出力する。
達成度通知部3110は、真贋判定部3109から判定情報が供給される毎に、判定情報数をインクリメント(1を加算)して積算値を求める。
そして、達成度通知部3110は、求めた積算値を予め設定されている判定情報数の規定数により除算し、達成度を算出する。
そして、達成度通知部3110は、算出した達成度を表示部3111の表示画面に対して達成度表示画像を表示し(例えば、図33A~図33Cにおける達成度表示画像3111)、ユーザに達成度を通知する。
達成度通知部3110は、判定情報数が規定回数に達したか否かの判定を行い、達した場合、算出した達成度を真贋判定部3109に対して出力し、処理をステップS534へ進める。
一方、達成度通知部3110は、判定情報数が規定回数に達していない場合、処理をステップS525へ進める。
真贋判定部3109は、達成度通知部3110から供給される達成度が、予め設定された真判定閾値を超えているか否かの判定を行う。ここで、真贋判定部3109は、達成度が真判定閾値を超えている場合、処理をステップS536へ進め、一方、達成度が真判定閾値以下である場合、処理をステップS535へ進める。
真贋判定部3109は、表示部3111を介して、表示画面に対して、真贋判定対象が正品であることを示す画像表示を行う(例えば、図33C参照)。そして、真贋判定装置3001は、真贋判定対称に対する真贋判定処理を終了する。
真贋判定部3109は、表示部3111を介して、表示画面に対して、真贋判定対象が不正品であることを示す画像表示を行う。そして、真贋判定装置3001は、真贋判定対称に対する真贋判定処理を終了する。
また、本実施形態によれば、偽造防止媒体を撮像した撮像画像データと、この撮像画像データの観察角度における真の偽造防止媒体の画像である正解画像データとを比較し、偽造防止媒体が真あるいは贋のいずれであるかの判定を行うため、従来のように特殊な真贋判定装置を用いず、かつ偽造防止媒体の設置状況に依存することなく、汎用的なデジタルカメラのような簡易な画像撮像装置による偽造防止媒体の撮像画像によって、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定(本物か贋物かの識別)を容易に行うことが可能となる。
しかし、上記プログレスバーに限らず、達成度通知部3110が、表示部3111の表示画面に対してプログレスサークルあるいはプログレスダイアログを達成度表示画像として表示することにより、真贋判定の達成度の状態を通知する構成としても良い。
図36Aは、表示部3111の表示画面に表示される達成度表示画像として、矩形状の表示領域の色を、達成度の段階に応じて色が無色から徐々に濃度が高くなるように変化する画像を表示する例を示している。この図36Aの場合、達成度表示画像は、矩形状である必要は無く、ユーザが認識できる大きさであれば、どの様な形状の画像を表示するように構成しても良い。
また、表示部3111の表示画面に表示される達成度表示画像として、三角形の画像が真贋判定の達成度に対応して、達成度が進む毎に角数が増加し、真贋判定が真(正品)で終了すると円となり、真贋判定が偽(非正品)であると×が表示されるように構成しても良い。
また、携帯端末あるいはスマートフォンのスピーカあるいは音声出力端子から、達成度通知部3110が、真贋判定の達成度に対応した周波数の音声データ、例えば「ド、レ、ミ、ファ、ソ、ラ、シ、ド」の音階を、真贋判定の段階が進む毎に、高い周波数の音階に移行させて出力するように構成しても良い。この場合、真と判定された際、また、単に、所定の音の周波数を上げて、達成度の変化を表しても良い。
以下、本発明の第7の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
第7の実施形態における識別装置は、第6の実施形態における図24の識別装置と同様である。第6の実施形態が真贋判定に用いることが可能な撮像画像データが1枚でも真贋判定処理を行ったが、第7の実施形態においては、真贋判定に用いることが可能な撮像画像データが予め設定された枚数以上の場合のみに真贋判定処理を行う。ここで、この枚数の撮像画像データの各々は、それぞれ異なる観察角度により撮像されている必要がある。撮像処理については、第6の実施形態における図35のフローチャートと同様に行う。
ステップS521からステップS527までと、ステップS528からステップS530までと、ステップS533以降については、第6の実施形態における図35のフローチャートの動作と同様である。以下、第6の実施形態と異なる動作のみの説明を行う。
達成度通知部3110は、画像データ記憶部3112の真贋判定用撮像画像データテーブルにおける撮像画像データ識別情報の数を計数(カウント)し、撮像角度数を求める。
そして、達成度通知部3110は、現時点における撮像角度数と判定情報数の積算値とを加算し、規定数を2倍した数値(設定角度の数と規定数とを加算した数値)により除算し、達成度を求める。
そして、達成度通知部3110は、算出した達成度を表示部3111の表示画面に対して達成度表示画像を表示し(例えば、図33A~図33Cにおける達成度表示画像3111)、ユーザに達成度を通知する。
以下、本発明の第8の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図38は、第8の実施形態による識別装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。図38において、識別装置は、真贋判定装置3001A及び撮像装置3002を備えている。真贋判定装置3001Aは、撮像制御部3102、観察角度推定部3105、利用可能画像選択部3106、正解画像生成部3107、類似度算出部3108、真贋判定部3109、表示部3111及び画像データ記憶部3112の各々を備えている。また、撮像装置3002は、撮像部3101、露光制御部3103、照明部3104の各々を備えている。図38において、第6の実施形態と同様の構成については同一の符号を付してある。
また、真贋判定装置3001Aはクラウド構成として、図示してはいないが、デジタルカメラあるいは携帯端末とインターネットなどの情報通信回線を用いて通信できるようにしてもよい。そして、真贋判定装置3001Aは、すでに述べた第6の実施形態あるいは第7の実施形態と同様に、デジタルカメラあるいは携帯端末から送信される撮像画像データを用いて、偽造防止媒体の真贋判定の処理を行う構成としてもよい。
以下、本発明の第9の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。すでに述べた第6の実施形態から第8の実施形態は、偽造防止媒体が再帰反射を行う特性を有するものであり、撮像部3101とともに真贋判定装置3001あるいは撮像装置3002と一体化されて構成されている。しかしながら、偽造防止媒体には、図26に示すような照明3200からの光が透過して、この透過した光のパターンの撮像画像データが真贋判定に用いられる特性を有するもの(例えば、透過ホログラムなど)もある。この場合、偽造防止媒体の透過光が撮像部に入射される位置に、照明3200を配置する必要がある。そのため、本発明の第9の実施形態のように、照明部3104を撮像装置3002あるいは真贋判定装置3001から分離する必要がある。
また、本実施形態によれば、照明装置3003が真贋判定装置3001Aあるいは撮像装置3002Aと分離して設けられているため、照明装置3003からの光が透過する際、観察角度αに対応して透過する光のパターンが異なる特性を有する偽造防止媒体に対応して、それぞれの観察角度αにおける透過する光のパターンの撮像画像データを容易に撮像することができる。
また、「コンピュータシステム」は、ホームページ提供環境(あるいは表示環境)を備えたWWW(World Wide Web)システムも含むものとする。また、「コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、フレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ROM(Read OnlyMemory)、CD-ROM(Compact Disc - Read Only Memory)等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置のことをいう。さらに「コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、インターネット等のネットワークや電話回線等の通信回線を介してプログラムが送信された場合のサーバやクライアントとなるコンピュータシステム内部の揮発性メモリ(RAM(Random Access Memory))のように、一定時間プログラムを保持しているものも含むものとする。
2,2A,3002,3002A…撮像装置
3,3003…照明装置
101,3101…撮像部
102,3102…撮像制御部
103,3103…露光制御部
104,3104…照明部
105,3105…観察角度推定部
106…合致割合通知部
107,3106…利用可能画像選択部
108,3107…正解画像生成部
109,3108…類似度算出部
110,3109…真贋判定部
111,3110…達成度通知部
112,3111…表示部
113,3112…画像データ記憶部
200,3200…光源
300,3300…クレジットカード
302,3302…レリーフ構造形成層
310,3310…第1の凹凸構造部
320,3320…第2の凹凸構造部
321,3321…凸部
330,3330…指向性散乱構造
331,3331…光散乱構造
Claims (18)
- 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別装置であって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求める類似度算出部と、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行う真贋判定部と、
前記偽造防止媒体を撮像する撮像視点と、真贋判定に用いられる前記撮像画像データを撮像する撮像視点として予め定められた参照撮像視点とが合致する程度を示す合致割合を通知する合致割合通知部と
を備える識別装置。 - 前記合致割合通知部が、前記合致割合を3次元座標における前記撮像視点の撮像角度及び撮像装置座標値の各々と、前記参照撮像視点の参照撮像角度及び参照撮像装置座標値の各々との差分である撮像角度差分及び座標値差分の各々から求められる
請求項1に記載の識別装置。 - 前記合致割合通知部が、前記撮像視点の前記合致割合が前記参照撮像視点毎に求めて通知するとともに、真贋判定に必要な撮像画像データの撮像割合も含めて通知する
請求項1または請求項2に記載の識別装置。 - 前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された前記撮像画像データと比較する前記正解画像データを、予め定められた参照撮像視点に対応して生成する正解画像生成部を
さらに備える請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 前記真贋判定部が、
動画で前記偽造防止媒体を撮像したフレーム画像から、前記正解画像データの参照撮像視点に対応したフレーム画像を前記撮像画像データとして用いる
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 前記撮像画像データに対応する画像を表示する表示部を
さらに有し、
前記合致割合通知部が、
前記合致割合を示す合致割合表示画像を前記表示部の表示画面に表示し、前記合致割合を通知する
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別方法であって、
類似度算出部が前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
真贋判定部が、前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
合致割合通知部が、前記偽造防止媒体を撮像する撮像視点と、真贋判定に用いられる前記撮像画像データを撮像する撮像視点として予め定められた参照撮像視点とが合致する程度を示す合致割合を通知する
識別方法。 - 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別方法をコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムであって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
前記偽造防止媒体を撮像する撮像視点と、真贋判定に用いられる前記撮像画像データを撮像する撮像視点として予め定められた参照撮像視点とが合致する程度を示す合致割合を通知し、
前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別方法を実行するようにコンピュータを動作させる識別プログラム。 - 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別プロセスをコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムを含む、コンピュータ可読媒体であって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
前記偽造防止媒体を撮像する撮像視点と、真贋判定に用いられる前記撮像画像データを撮像する撮像視点として予め定められた参照撮像視点とが合致する程度を示す合致割合を通知し、
前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別プロセスをコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムを含む、コンピュータ可読媒体。 - 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別装置であって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求める類似度算出部と、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行う真贋判定部と、
前記真贋判定の進捗状況を示す、予め定められた数の前記真贋判定における終了した真贋判定の割合である達成度を求めて通知する達成度通知部と
を備える識別装置。 - 前記達成度通知部が、予め設定された前記正解画像データの数に対して、予め設定された前記正解画像データに対して真として判定された前記撮像画像データの割合を前記達成度として求める
請求項10に記載の識別装置。 - 前記正解画像データが所定の設定撮像角度毎に求められ、前記設定撮像角度に一致する撮像角度で撮像された前記撮像画像データの数も含めて前記達成度を求める
請求項11に記載の識別装置。 - 前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された前記撮像画像データと比較する前記正解画像データを、予め定められた撮像視点に対応して生成する正解画像生成部を
さらに備える請求項10から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 前記真贋判定部が、
動画で前記偽造防止媒体を撮像したフレーム画像から、前記正解画像データの撮像視点に対応したフレーム画像を前記撮像画像データとして用いる
請求項10から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 前記撮像画像データに対応する画像を表示する表示部を
さらに有し、
前記達成度通知部が、
前記達成度を示す達成度表示画像を前記表示部の表示画面に表示し、前記達成度を通知する
請求項10から請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の識別装置。 - 観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する偽造防止媒体により、前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別方法であって、
類似度算出部が、前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
真贋判定部が、前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
達成度通知部が、前記真贋判定の進捗状況を示す、予め定められた数の前記真贋判定における終了した真贋判定の割合である達成度を求めて通知する 識別方法。 - 偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を、観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する前記偽造防止媒体により行う識別方法をコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムであって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
前記真贋判定の進捗状況を示す、予め定められた数の前記真贋判定における終了した真贋判定の割合である達成度を求めて通知し、
前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別方法を実行するようにコンピュータを動作させる識別プログラム。 - 偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を、観察角度が変化すると観察される光のパターンが変化する前記偽造防止媒体により行う識別プロセスをコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムを含む、コンピュータ可読媒体であって、
前記偽造防止媒体が撮像された撮像画像データと正解画像データとの類似度を求め、
前記類似度が予め設定された閾値を超えるか否かを判定することにより、前記偽造防止媒体が正しいか否かの真贋判定を行い、
前記真贋判定の進捗状況を示す、予め定められた数の前記真贋判定における終了した真贋判定の割合である達成度を求めて通知し、
前記偽造防止媒体が添付された物品の真贋判定を行う識別プロセスをコンピュータに実行させる識別プログラムを含む、コンピュータ可読媒体。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN108780595B (zh) | 2021-03-09 |
EP3432278A1 (de) | 2019-01-23 |
US10891818B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
JPWO2017159681A1 (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
JP6311842B2 (ja) | 2018-04-18 |
CN108780595A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
EP3432278A4 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
US20190012868A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
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