WO2017154993A1 - 立体表示装置 - Google Patents
立体表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017154993A1 WO2017154993A1 PCT/JP2017/009299 JP2017009299W WO2017154993A1 WO 2017154993 A1 WO2017154993 A1 WO 2017154993A1 JP 2017009299 W JP2017009299 W JP 2017009299W WO 2017154993 A1 WO2017154993 A1 WO 2017154993A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- image
- guide plate
- display device
- light guide
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
- G03B35/26—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using polarised or coloured light separating different viewpoint images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
- H04N13/395—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stereoscopic display device capable of projecting a stereoscopic image in the air.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 Conventionally, a stereoscopic display device that projects a stereoscopic image visible to an observer in the air without using a dedicated instrument for observing the stereoscopic image such as polarized glasses has been studied (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6). 3).
- a stereoscopic display device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes an electronically formed composite stereoscopic image, imaging means for reproducing the real image of the composite stereoscopic image, and the focal position of the real image and the observer's eye. It has a focusing device for almost matching. Furthermore, this stereoscopic display device has a Z-direction scanning unit, a rotational scanning unit, and a matrix type display as means for forming a composite stereoscopic image in order to improve display performance.
- the stereoscopic two-dimensional image display device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a microlens array that is arranged in parallel with and spaced apart from the image display surface, and has a larger effective area than the image to be displayed. And a lens frame area surrounding the effective area of the microlens array, and an imaging plane that displays a real image of a two-dimensional image in a space opposite to the display unit of the microlens array and in front of the lens frame area An image transmission panel for generating the image, an imaging location display object disposed in the vicinity of the imaging surface, and a dark housing surrounding the optical path between the display unit and the image transmission panel.
- the optical imaging apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3 includes a first and a plurality of strip-shaped planar light reflecting portions arranged at a constant pitch perpendicular to one surface of the transparent flat plate inside the transparent flat plate.
- the second light control panel is used, and one surface side of each of the first and second light control panels is opposed to each other with the planar light reflecting portions orthogonal to each other.
- a real image of the two-dimensional image displayed on the image display surface is merely formed by the microlens array, and a true stereoscopic image is formed. It is not projected into the air.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic display device that can project a stereoscopic image of an object in the air without using the object to be projected.
- a stereoscopic display device is provided as one form of the present invention.
- this stereoscopic display device for each of a plurality of imaging points in a predetermined spatial region, an image of an object projected on the predetermined spatial region at the imaging point is out of a plurality of blocks obtained by dividing the display region.
- the light guide plate is formed on the incident surface facing the image display unit via the first lens, and on either the exit surface that is one surface of the light guide plate or the surface facing the exit surface.
- a plurality of first deflecting units and each of the plurality of first deflecting units emits light from each of the plurality of blocks and emits light incident from the incident surface in different directions from the output surface.
- the light guide plate and the light guide plate For each of the plurality of first deflection units, the light from each of the plurality of blocks emitted from the emission surface via the first deflection unit is transmitted to the plurality of imaging points. And a second deflecting unit directed to the corresponding imaging point.
- the first lens converts light emitted from each of the plurality of blocks of the image display unit into parallel light at least in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the incident surface of the light guide plate, and thus different directions. It is preferable to use light that faces the light.
- the second deflecting unit for each of the plurality of first deflecting units, for each light from each of the plurality of blocks emitted from the exit surface through the first deflecting unit, It is preferable to have a prism or a second lens that directs the light to a corresponding one of the plurality of imaging points.
- the image display unit converts the coordinates of each point of the object represented in the first coordinate system into the coordinate values of the second coordinate system set in a predetermined space area.
- the object point at each of the plurality of image forming points is specified, and the object image at the specified point is displayed on the corresponding block.
- the display device has an effect that a stereoscopic image of an object can be projected in the air without using the object to be projected.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the stereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between each block set in the display area of the two-dimensional display and each imaging point in the space area where the stereoscopic image is projected.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the diffusion surface as seen from the front side.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic front view of a prism array sheet.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic perspective view of one prism array.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the position of the block on the display area of the two-dimensional display and the corresponding microprism in each prism array.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet according to a modification.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet according to a modification.
- FIG. 8A is a partially enlarged view of a prism array sheet in which each microprism is integrally formed.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet and a light guide plate according to this modification.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a light guide plate according to another modification.
- the stereoscopic display device includes a flat light guide plate and an image display device arranged to face an incident surface formed on one side wall of the light guide plate.
- the display area of the display included in the image display device is divided into a plurality of blocks, and each block corresponds to one of a plurality of imaging points set in a space area where a stereoscopic image of the object is projected.
- the image display device displays the image of the object at the imaging point corresponding to the block for each block.
- the light emitted from each block is collimated by a collimator lens disposed between the image display device and the incident surface, and enters the light guide plate from the incident surface.
- the collimated light from each block is reflected by a plurality of prisms formed on a diffusion surface, which is a surface opposite to the exit surface, which is the surface of the light guide plate on the side facing the observer, and is emitted.
- the light guide plate is emitted in different directions through the surface.
- the light from each block emitted from the light guide plate is directed to the corresponding image formation point by the prism array provided for each individual prism of the light guide plate.
- a three-dimensional image of the object is projected by the light gathered from each prism at the individual imaging points.
- the side facing the observer is the front and the opposite side is the back.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a stereoscopic display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the stereoscopic display device.
- the stereoscopic display device 1 includes an image display device 11, a collimating lens 12, a light guide plate 13, and a prism array sheet 14.
- the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13a of the light guide plate 13 is defined as the x direction
- the normal direction of the incident surface 13a is defined as the normal direction.
- the normal direction of the exit surface 13c located on the front side of the diffusion surface 13b and the light guide plate 13 is the z direction.
- the following drawings show an outline of the arrangement relationship of each component of the stereoscopic display device, and do not represent actual dimensions, the number of prisms, and the like.
- the image display device 11 is an example of an image display unit, and includes, for example, a two-dimensional display 21 and a control device 22.
- the two-dimensional display 21 and the control device 22 are connected by a video cable.
- the two-dimensional display 21 has, for example, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display.
- the display area on the two-dimensional display 21 is divided into a plurality of blocks, and each block is paired with one of a plurality of imaging points set in the space area 200 on which a stereoscopic image is projected by the stereoscopic display device 1. Corresponding to 1. That is, the image of the object displayed in each block is projected by the stereoscopic display device 1 onto an image point in the space area 200 corresponding to the block.
- the control device 22 includes, for example, one or a plurality of processors, a graphic board, a volatile or nonvolatile semiconductor memory circuit, and a communication interface for connecting an external device and the control device so as to communicate with each other. .
- the control device 22 may further include an access device for accessing the magnetic recording medium or the optical recording medium.
- the control device 22 stores the three-dimensional data of the object to be projected, or acquires the three-dimensional data of the object from another device (not shown) via the communication interface.
- the three-dimensional data of the object includes, for example, coordinate values for each point of the object in the reference three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system (hereinafter simply referred to as a reference coordinate system), color and luminance information for each point, and the like. , Including reference orientation information (for example, information represented by two reference points set in the object) and size information (for example, vertical, horizontal, and depth sizes).
- the control device 22 displays the image of the object on the two-dimensional display 21 in a format in which the stereoscopic display device 1 can project a stereoscopic image of the object based on the three-dimensional data of the object to be projected. For example, the control device 22 determines the size, orientation, and position of the stereoscopic image of the object in the spatial domain according to a control signal received from another device (not shown). Then, the control device 22 sets the coordinate value of each point of the object from the value of the reference coordinate system to the spatial region by affine transformation so that the size, orientation, and position of the object become the determined values. The value is converted into a value of a dimensional orthogonal coordinate system (hereinafter simply referred to as a spatial coordinate system). Each coefficient of affine transformation is calculated based on, for example, the reference point coordinate values, orientation information, size information, and corresponding information included in the control signal, which are included in the three-dimensional data of the object.
- a spatial coordinate system a dimensional orthogonal coordinate system
- the control device 22 Based on the coordinate value of each point of the object in the spatial coordinate system, the control device 22 specifies the point of the object corresponding to each imaging point in the spatial region when the object is projected onto the spatial region. To do. Then, the control device 22 refers to the three-dimensional data of the object and the correspondence relationship between each imaging point and each block stored in advance, and for each imaging point on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21. The image of the point of the object at the imaging point is displayed on the corresponding block. Note that the block may correspond to one pixel of the two-dimensional display 21 or may include a plurality of pixels that are continuous in at least one of the x direction and the z direction.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between each block set in the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 and each imaging point in the space area where the stereoscopic image is projected.
- the space region 300 has, for example, a size of 80 mm along the z direction and 125 mm along each of the x direction and the y direction.
- the spatial region 300 is divided into 16 partial regions 301 along the z direction, and in each partial region 301, five imaging points 302 are set in each of the x direction and the y direction, that is, 25 in total.
- Each of the plurality of large blocks 311 has a one-to-one correspondence with any of the partial areas 301.
- the arrangement order of the large blocks 311 is arbitrary. For example, in the spatial area 300, the large blocks 311 are arranged in the raster scan order in order from the large block 311 corresponding to the partial area 301 closer to the viewer. .
- Each block 312 in each large block 311 has a one-to-one correspondence with any one of the imaging points 302 in the partial region 301 in the spatial region 300 corresponding to the large block 311. Therefore, each block 312 only needs to display an image of an object to be projected onto the corresponding imaging point 302 in the spatial region 300.
- the arrangement order of the blocks 312 is arbitrary, the blocks 312 are arranged in the same order as the arrangement order of the imaging points 302 in the corresponding partial region 301, for example.
- each large block 311 includes a portion 322 that overlaps the partial area 301 in the space area 300 corresponding to the large block 311 in the stereoscopic image 321. Will be displayed.
- an image of a portion corresponding to the block 312 in the portion 322 may be displayed.
- control device 22 does not have to display anything for blocks in which there is no object image projected onto the corresponding imaging point 302. Similarly, the control device 22 does not need to display anything for each block 212 in which the corresponding imaging point 302 is located behind the object as viewed from the observer side.
- each block set in the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 has a one-to-one correspondence with each imaging point in the spatial area onto which the stereoscopic image is projected. If so, each block may be arranged in any way.
- the collimator lens 12 When the collimator lens 12 is arranged so that the center of the incident surface 13a coincides with the optical axis of the collimator lens 12 in the z direction, the collimator lens 12 extends along the z direction in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. Light emitted from each of two points that are equidistant across the optical axis and incident into the light guide plate 13 through the incident surface 13a makes the same angle with respect to the diffusion surface 13b. Therefore, the light from these two points is reflected by the same prism 131 and travels to the viewpoint. Therefore, these two points appear to overlap with the observer.
- the two-dimensional display 21 of the image display device 11 is preferably arranged so that the entire display region is located on the front side or the back side of the light guide plate 13 in the z direction.
- the entire display area of the two-dimensional display 21 is disposed on the back side of the light guide plate 13.
- the light of the collimator lens 12 in the z direction is indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
- the collimating lens 12 is disposed between the image display device 11 and the incident surface 13 a of the light guide plate 13. Moreover, in this embodiment, the collimating lens 12 is arrange
- the collimating lens 12 may be a bulk lens or a Fresnel lens. Further, the collimating lens 12 may be a single lens, or may include a plurality of lenses arranged along the y direction. Furthermore, at least one lens surface of the collimating lens 12 may be formed as an aspherical surface in order to reduce aberration.
- the collimating lens 12 may be formed integrally with the incident surface 13a. That is, the incident surface 13 a may be formed as a lens surface that is convex with respect to the two-dimensional display 21.
- the light guide plate 13 directs light emitted from individual blocks on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 of the image display device 11 to the viewer side. Therefore, the light guide plate 13 is a transparent member (for example, a member having a size of 200 mm along the x direction, 300 mm along the y direction, and 2 mm along the z direction) formed in a flat plate shape. A side wall facing the display device 11 is formed as the incident surface 13a.
- the light that has entered the light guide plate 13 from the incident surface 13a is the diffusion surface 13b that is the back surface of the light guide plate 13 and the front surface of the light guide plate 13, that is, the surface that faces the diffusion surface 13b. It propagates along the y direction while being totally reflected between the exit surface 13c.
- a plurality of prisms 131 that reflect the light incident on the light guide plate 13 through the incident surface 13a so as to be emitted toward the viewer side through the output surface 13c are provided on the diffusion surface 13b of the light guide plate 13. It is formed.
- Each prism 131 is an example of a first deflecting unit.
- the light propagating from the individual blocks on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 and propagating through the light guide plate 13 is out of the corresponding prism arrays formed on the prisms 131 and the prism array sheet 14. Are directed to the image point corresponding to the block.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the diffusion surface 13b as seen from the front side.
- the plurality of prisms 131 are arranged in a square lattice pattern at a predetermined pitch (for example, 2 mm) along each of the x direction and the y direction.
- Each prism 131 may be arranged in a staggered pattern.
- Each of the plurality of prisms 131 is, for example, a substantially triangular groove that extends along the x direction, that is, a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13a, and has a predetermined width (for example, 10 ⁇ m) in the y direction. Formed as.
- Each of the plurality of prisms 131 has a reflecting surface 131a that forms a predetermined angle ⁇ with respect to the diffusing surface 13b and is directed to face the incident surface 13a.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ is an angle at which the light from the image display device 11 incident on the light guide plate 13 is totally reflected and directed toward the emission surface 13c, for example, 35 to 45 ° with respect to the diffusion surface 13b. Is set.
- each prism 131 is formed so that the angle ⁇ is the same for each prism 131, but the angle ⁇ may be different for each prism 131.
- the light emitted from the individual blocks on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 of the image display device 11 and entering the light guide plate 13 is converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 12, it is located at the position of that block on the xz plane.
- the corresponding angle is made with respect to the reflecting surface 131a of the prism 131. Therefore, light emitted from each block on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 is emitted from the emission surface 13c in different directions depending on the position of the block on the xz plane.
- the arrangement density which is the ratio of the area of the region where the prism 131 is formed to the area of the diffusing surface 13b, is determined by the observer using an object (not shown) behind the light guide plate 13 as a transparent member. It is preferable that it becomes below the upper limit of the arrangement density felt that it is visually recognizing through the space or nothing. Therefore, for example, the prisms 131 are preferably arranged so that the arrangement density is 30.0% or less.
- the haze value indicating the ratio of the diffused light to the total transmitted light is determined by an observer through an object (not shown) behind the light guide plate 13 through a transparent member or whatever It is preferable that it becomes below the upper limit of the haze value felt to be visually recognizing through the empty space.
- each prism 131 is preferably arranged so that the haze value is 28% or less.
- the prism array sheet 14 is an example of a second deflection unit, and can be a sheet-like member formed of a material transparent to visible light, for example.
- the prism array sheet 14 is disposed on the front side of the light exit surface 13 c of the light guide plate 13. The prism array sheet 14 then directs the light emitted from the individual blocks on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 and emitted from the emission surface 13c of the light guide plate 13 to the corresponding imaging point.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic front view of the prism array sheet.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic perspective view of one prism array.
- the prism array sheet 14 includes a plurality of prism arrays 141, and each prism array 141 corresponds to one of the plurality of prisms 131 on a one-to-one basis.
- the prism array 141 is also predetermined in each of the x direction and the y direction.
- a predetermined pitch for example, 2 mm
- the prism array 141 is also predetermined in each of the x direction and the y direction.
- each prism array 141 has the same number of microprisms 142 as the number of blocks set in the display area of the two-dimensional display 21, and each microprism 142 is set in the display area of the two-dimensional display 21.
- One-to-one correspondence with any one of the blocks For example, when the display area is divided into 100 blocks in the x direction ⁇ 100 blocks in the z direction, each prism array 141 has 100 microprisms 142 in the x direction ⁇ 100 in the y direction.
- a material that does not transmit light for example, resin or paper
- a material that has a transmittance of a predetermined value for example, several percent or less
- ink for example, ink
- each microprism 142 is formed in a predetermined size (for example, 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) at a position where light from the corresponding block passes through the prism array sheet 14.
- each microprism 142 directs light from a corresponding block to an imaging point corresponding to the block. Therefore, each of the plurality of microprisms 142 includes, for example, a substantially triangular groove when viewed from the side surface on either the surface of the prism array sheet 14 on the side facing the emission surface 13c or the surface on the viewer side. Alternatively, it is formed as a substantially triangular protrusion. Each of the plurality of microprisms 142 has a refracting surface that refracts light from a block corresponding to the microprism 142 toward a corresponding imaging point.
- the angle of the refracting surface with respect to the exit surface 13 c is such that the refractive index of the material forming the prism array sheet 14, the direction of light from the corresponding block incident on the microprism 142, and the imaging point corresponding to the microprism 142. It is set according to the positional relationship.
- the collimating lens 12, the light guide plate 13, and the prism array sheet 14 are formed by molding a material that is transparent to visible light, for example, a resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, or cycloolefin polymer. It is formed.
- a resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, or cycloolefin polymer. It is formed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the position of the block on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21 and the corresponding microprism 142 in each prism array 141.
- Light emitted from the block 601 and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 12 and incident on the light guide plate 13 is emitted in the same direction by the prisms 131. Therefore, the light is refracted toward the imaging point 602 by the microprism 142 at the same position in each prism array 141.
- light in different directions from each prism array 141 gathers at the imaging point 602, so that the image displayed on the block 601 is projected at the imaging point 602.
- this stereoscopic display device is generated from each block on the display area of the two-dimensional display of the image display apparatus corresponding to any imaging point in the spatial area onto which the stereoscopic image is projected.
- the converted light is converted into parallel light and made incident into the light guide plate, thereby converting the position information of the block into the direction of the light beam.
- light from each block is emitted in a different direction for each block by each of a plurality of prisms provided on the diffusion surface of the light guide plate.
- the light from each block is directed to the imaging point corresponding to the block by the prism array of the prism array sheet corresponding to each prism of the light guide plate.
- this stereoscopic display device can display a stereoscopic image of an object as a set of light gathering at an image formation point without using the projected object itself.
- this stereoscopic display device since there is light traveling from each prism of the light guide plate to the imaging point for each imaging point, the observer can visually recognize a stereoscopic image from a wide range.
- this stereoscopic display device can perform dynamic stereoscopic video without using a mechanically operating mechanism. Can be projected.
- the light guide plate is transparent, it is possible for the observer to visually recognize both the object behind the light guide plate and the projected stereoscopic image.
- the set space area is not limited to that shown in the above embodiment.
- one surface of the space region is set so as to be substantially parallel to the exit surface 13 c of the light guide plate 13.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the space region is on the side facing the exit surface 13 c.
- the surface may be set to be inclined with respect to the emission surface 13c.
- the spatial region may be set as a spherical region, a cylindrical region, or a triangular pyramid or conical region instead of the cubic region as in the example of FIG.
- the spatial region may be set in a planar shape.
- the imaging points do not need to be set at equal intervals. For example, the closer to the center of the spatial region or the closer to the viewer, the smaller the distance between adjacent imaging points. Also good.
- the image point is located on the back side of the object.
- the imaging point may be located on the front side of the object. Therefore, when the stereoscopic display device 1 projects a stereoscopic image of a stationary object, it is positioned on the back side of the object when viewed from a predetermined viewpoint, and is positioned on the front side of the object when viewed from another viewpoint.
- the microprism corresponding to the light traveling toward a predetermined viewpoint may be masked with an opaque member. As a result, light from a point of an object that should not be seen from a certain viewpoint is shielded, so that a more natural stereoscopic image is reproduced.
- each microprism 142 included in the prism array sheet 14 forms an image of the parallel light emitted from the light guide plate from the corresponding block on the display area of the two-dimensional display at the corresponding imaging point.
- the power of each microprism 142 may be set so as to be the reciprocal of the distance from the position of the microprism 142 to the corresponding imaging point, that is, the distance becomes the focal length.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet according to another modification.
- microlenses 143 are formed on the surface opposite to the surface of the prism array sheet 14 on which the microprisms 142 are formed so as to correspond to the microprisms 142 on a one-to-one basis.
- each microlens 143 is formed so that the parallel light from the block on the display area of the two-dimensional display that passes through each microprism 142 passes through the corresponding microlens 143.
- the power of each micro lens 143 should just be determined so that the parallel light which permeate
- FIG. 7B is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet according to still another modification.
- each microlens 143 is formed on a sheet-like member 144 provided separately from the prism array sheet.
- the member 144 may be provided between the exit surface of the light guide plate 13 and the prism array sheet, or closer to the viewer than the prism array sheet.
- the predetermined allowable range is set according to the allowable image quality of the stereoscopic image.
- FIG. 8A is a partially enlarged view of a prism array sheet in which each microprism is integrally formed.
- blocks corresponding to a plurality of imaging points arranged along the x direction are arranged side by side in the x direction also on the display area of the two-dimensional display 21, they correspond to the imaging points and the blocks.
- the microprisms 142 are also arranged along the x direction. Furthermore, by appropriately setting the power of the collimating lens 12 and the distance from the prism array sheet 14 to these image forming points, the refracting surface of the microprism 142 corresponding to each image forming point and each block with respect to the yz plane The slope can be the same.
- each prism array 141 is arranged on each microprism 142 arranged along the y direction for each set of microprisms corresponding to the same imaging point in the x direction and the z direction.
- the corresponding prism may be formed as a prism in which refractive surfaces having an inclination with respect to the xy plane are connected.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic side view of a prism array sheet and a light guide plate according to this modification.
- the refractive surface of the integrated microprism is appropriately adjusted for each portion of the prism array 141 corresponding to one large block shown in FIG.
- the position of the partial area 800 can be arbitrarily set.
- a lens may be used instead of the microprism 142 included in each prism array 141.
- the optical axis direction of each lens is the power of the lens and the corresponding block incident on the lens so that each lens can direct the light from the corresponding block to the corresponding imaging point. Is set according to the positional relationship between the direction of the light from the lens and the image forming point corresponding to the lens.
- the power of each lens may be set to be the reciprocal of the distance from the position of the lens to the corresponding imaging point.
- a plurality of spatial regions on which a stereoscopic image is projected may be set.
- a plurality of imaging points are set in each spatial region as in the above embodiment.
- the display area on the two-dimensional display may be divided into as many blocks as the total number of imaging points in each spatial area.
- Each block is associated with any one of the plurality of spatial regions in a one-to-one correspondence, and an object image at the image formation point may be displayed.
- each microprism included in each prism array formed on the prism array sheet is also formed so as to be directed to an imaging point in any spatial region corresponding to a block that emits parallel light that passes through the microprism. Good.
- the stereoscopic display device can project a plurality of different stereoscopic images at different positions simultaneously.
- the same number of imaging points may be set in each spatial region.
- the display area on the two-dimensional display may be divided into the same number of blocks as the number of image forming points included in one spatial area.
- the refractive surface of each microprism included in each prism array formed on the prism array sheet is divided into the same number of sub-refractive surfaces as the number of spatial regions.
- Each sub-refractive surface is formed so that parallel light transmitted through the microprism is directed to a corresponding image point in each spatial region. Accordingly, the stereoscopic display device can project the same stereoscopic image at different positions at the same time.
- the light guide plate 13 may emit light propagating through the light guide plate 13 from the emission surface 13c by means other than the prism.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic side sectional view of the light guide plate 13 along the y direction according to this modification.
- the light guide plate 13 has a plurality of prisms 132 arranged at a predetermined pitch along the x direction and the y direction on the emission surface 13c instead of the prisms formed on the diffusion surface 13b.
- each prism 132 is formed as a substantially triangular protrusion that protrudes in the front direction with respect to the emission surface 13c and extends along the x direction. Therefore, when the light from the two-dimensional display 21 of the image display device 11 that has entered from the incident surface 13a enters one of the prisms 132, the light is refracted at the refractive surface opposite to the incident surface 13a and emitted to the front side. .
- the light guide plate 13 is totally reflected by the light exit surface 13c at a predetermined pitch along the x and y directions on the diffusion surface 13b instead of each prism.
- a diffraction grating for changing the direction of emission may be formed.
- each diffraction grating has, for example, a plurality of grooves arranged along the y direction and extended along the x direction.
- the incident surface may be formed so that the angle formed by the incident surface and the exit surface of the light guide plate is other than an orthogonal angle.
- the incident surface may be formed in a tapered shape.
- the incident surface may be formed to be parallel to the emission surface or the diffusion surface, and the surface of the light guide plate on the side facing the incidence surface may be formed to form 45 ° with respect to the emission surface or the diffusion surface. Good. Thereby, since the angle
- the collimating lens 12 transmits light from each block of the two-dimensional display 21 of the image display device 11 only in the yz plane, that is, orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the incident surface 13a of the light guide plate 13. It is also possible to use a cylindrical lens that collimates only in the direction in which the light is emitted, or a toric lens that collimates the light from each block in the yz plane and converges in the xz plane. Also in this case, since the direction of the principal ray of light from each block differs depending on the position of the block at the position of each prism 131 of the light guide plate 13, it corresponds to each prism 131 as in the above embodiment. In the prism array 141, the microprism 142 corresponding to the block may be provided at the position where the principal ray of the light from each block passes.
- the light guide plate 13 may be formed in a plate shape that has a curved exit surface 13c instead of a flat plate shape. Accordingly, for example, the light guide plate 13 can be disposed along a curved member such as a windshield of a vehicle, and the degree of freedom in disposing the stereoscopic display device is improved.
- This 3D display device can be used for various purposes.
- this stereoscopic display device can be used for a head-up display or a digital signage system.
- this stereoscopic display device may be arranged such that the exit surface of the light guide plate is located on the floor surface, the wall surface, or the ceiling surface.
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Abstract
Description
なお、以下では、説明の便宜上、観察者と対向する側を正面とし、その反対側を背面とする。
空間領域300は、例えば、z方向に沿って80mm、x方向及びy方向のそれぞれに沿って125mmの大きさを有する。空間領域300は、z方向に沿って16個の部分領域301に分割され、各部分領域301には、x方向及びy方向についてそれぞれ5個、すなわち、合計25個の結像点302が設定される。なお、図3では、簡単化のために、一つの部分領域301についての結像点302のみが図示される。これに対して、2次元ディスプレイ21の表示領域310も、空間領域300のz方向の分割数と等しい数(この例では、x方向4×z方向4=16)の大ブロック311に分割される。複数の大ブロック311のそれぞれは、部分領域301の何れかと1対1に対応する。なお、表示領域310において、各大ブロック311の配置順序は任意であるが、例えば、空間領域300において観察者に近い方の部分領域301に対応する大ブロック311から順に、ラスタスキャン順に配置される。
またこの場合、画像表示装置11からコリメートレンズ12を経由して導光板13内に入射する光の量を増やすために、図2において点線で示されるように、z方向について、コリメートレンズ12の光軸を挟んで画像表示装置11とは反対側に配置され、かつ、出射面13cと平行かつ画像表示装置11へ向けられた反射面を持つミラー15を配置することが好ましい。
11 画像表示装置
21 2次元ディスプレイ
22 制御装置
12 コリメートレンズ
13 導光板
13a 入射面
13b 拡散面
13c 出射面
131、132 プリズム
14 プリズムアレイシート
141 プリズムアレイ
142 マイクロプリズム
143 マイクロレンズ
Claims (4)
- 所定の空間領域内の複数の結像点のそれぞれについて、当該結像点における前記所定の空間領域に投影される物体の像を、表示領域を分割した複数のブロックのうちの当該結像点に対応するブロックに表示させる画像表示部と、
前記画像表示部の前記複数のブロックのそれぞれから発した光を、互いに異なる方向を向く光にする第1のレンズと、
透明な部材で板状に形成される導光板であって、前記第1のレンズを介して前記画像表示部と対向する入射面と、前記導光板の一方の面である出射面または前記出射面と対向する面の何れかに設けられる複数の第1の偏向部と、を有し、前記複数の第1の偏向部のそれぞれが、前記複数のブロックのそれぞれから発し、かつ前記入射面から入射した光を互いに異なる方向へ向けて前記出射面から出射させる導光板と、
前記導光板の前記出射面と対向するように配置され、前記複数の第1の偏向部のそれぞれについて、当該第1の偏向部を介して前記出射面から出射した前記複数のブロックのそれぞれからの光を前記複数の結像点のうちの対応する結像点へ向ける第2の偏向部と、
を有することを特徴とする立体表示装置。 - 前記第1のレンズは、前記画像表示部の前記複数のブロックのそれぞれから発した光を、少なくとも前記入射面の長手方向と直交する方向において平行光化することで互いに異なる方向を向く光にする、請求項1に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記第2の偏向部は、前記複数の第1の偏向部のそれぞれについて、当該第1の偏向部を介して前記出射面から出射した前記複数のブロックのそれぞれからの光ごとに、当該光を前記複数の結像点のうちの対応する結像点へ向けるプリズムまたは第2のレンズを有する、請求項1または2に記載の立体表示装置。
- 前記画像表示部は、第1の座標系で表される前記物体の各点の座標を、前記所定の空間領域に設定される第2の座標系の座標値に変換することで、前記複数の結像点のそれぞれにおける前記物体の点を特定し、特定された点における前記物体の像を対応する前記ブロックに表示させる、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の立体表示装置。
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CN201780000494.5A CN107407819B (zh) | 2016-03-10 | 2017-03-08 | 立体显示装置 |
DE112017000008.4T DE112017000008B4 (de) | 2016-03-10 | 2017-03-08 | Stereoskopische anzeigevorrichtung |
JP2017525131A JP6217882B1 (ja) | 2016-03-10 | 2017-03-08 | 立体表示装置 |
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US10451886B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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