Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
  • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
  • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
  • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
  • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
  • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
  • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
  • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
  • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
  • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
  • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
  • H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters

Definitions

• the invention relates to a regenerative rectifier ⁇ device for connection to an alternating current network.
• the regenerative rectifier device has a regenerative rectifier and is in particular a component ⁇ part of an industrial plant.
• the invention further relates to a method for operating a regenerative rectifier device and an industrial plant with a Wegspeisefä ⁇ ELIGIBLE rectifier device.
• Industrial plants usually have a plurality of drives, each comprising an electric motor.
• Umrich ⁇ age which has a rectifier, an intermediate circuit and an inverter.
• the inverter is electrically contacted with the electric motor and serves to adjust the speed and the power of the electric motor.
• the rectifier in contrast, is connected to an alternating current network which has three phases, each of which carries an alternating current, wherein the individual phases are usually offset from each other by 120 °.
• the rectifier has six diodes, which are contacted with each other in a so-called bridge circuit.
• the rectifier side of the bridge circuit is connected in parallel with a DC link capacitor, by means of which the intermediate circuit voltage applied between the rectifier and the inverter is to be stabilized.
• the diodes are bridged by means of semiconductor switches, which are thus connected in parallel to these.
• the electric current is fed ⁇ in that of the three phases of the AC network, which has the highest voltage in order to provide a maximum energy transfer.
• a comparatively large elec ⁇ tric current is switched at the time at which is switched from one phase to another phase (commutated).
• formation of undesirable vibrations inside the back-fed stream is possible.
• the invention has for its object to provide a particularly ge ⁇ suitable regenerative rectifier device and a particularly suitable method for operating a regenerative ⁇ capable rectifier device and a particularly suitable industrial plant with a regenerative rectifier device, preferably in training a training of vibrations within the recycled current is reduced.
• this object is achieved by the features of claim 1, towards ⁇ the method by the features of claim 5 and with respect to the industrial plant by the features of claim 10 according to the invention.
• Advantageous further education and refinements are the subject of the respective subclaims.
• the regenerative rectifier device is vorzugswei ⁇ se a component of an industrial plant, and has ⁇ example, a power between 5 kW and 20 kW and preferably ⁇ greater than 10 kW.
• the regenerative rectifier device is suitable, expediently provided and set up to be connected to an alternating current network, wherein the alternating current network is configured in particular in two or three phases.
• the AC network comprises three mutually offset by 120 ° phases, each of the phases has a sinusoidal electrical current waveform.
• the frequency is, for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
• each of the phases a sinusför ⁇ -shaped alternating electric voltage having the same frequency, the amplitude being suitably 325 V.
• the regenerative rectifier device is used within an industrial plant.
• the regenerative power device includes a regenerative rectifier having a DC side and an AC side.
• the AC side is electrically contacted with the AC mains in the assembled state.
• a bridge circuit is preferably arranged, for example, a B4 or a B6 circuit.
• Each of the bridge arms of the bridge circuit preferably includes a diode is connected in parallel to a switching element (rectifier ⁇ switching element), which is preferably a semiconducting ⁇ terschalter / power semiconductor switch.
• the diode and the semiconductor switch are combined in a single module.
• each of the bridge ⁇ branch on an IGBT module or a MOSFET as a rectifier switching element.
• the regenerative rectifier device further comprises a buffer capacity which is parallel to the DC side ge ⁇ on. Between the buffer capacity and the Wegspei ⁇ sedissolvede rectifier a boost converter is connected.
• the boost converter is a DC / DC converter, by means of which ne electrical DC voltage is transformed into a further, increased elec ⁇ cal DC voltage. Consequently, in operation, the buffer capacitance has an intermediate circuit voltage, which is increased compared to an output voltage applied to the rectifier side.
• the back ⁇ food capable rectifier on the DC side comprises an intermediate circuit capacitor, that a further capacitor at which the output voltage. This is in particular ver ⁇ designed comparatively small, at least smaller than the buffer capacity.
• an intermediate circuit by means of the Pufferkapazi ⁇ ty and the boost converter formed which has a substantially constant intermediate circuit voltage during operation, and thus comprises two branches, one of which is positive and negative, the remaining.
• the positive branch has this compared to the negative branch a size ⁇ res electric potential.
• at least the intermediate circuit comprises the buffer capacity and the boost converter.
• the boost converter is expediently associated with the positive branch, so that the electrical potential of the positive branch is increased by means of the boost converter.
• the negative branch of the intermediate circuit is preferably electrically contacted by means of the diodes of the regenerative rectifier with the AC mains, wherein the (regenerative) Gleich ⁇ judge, for example, on its AC side capacitive to ground, in particular earth, out. Consequently, the negative branch of the intermediate circuit is guided substantially against Mas ⁇ se, which leads to a fundamental suppression and consequently an increased electromagnetic compatibility. Also in this way leakage currents are conducted to ground.
• the regenerative rectifier is provided as a module and realized, in particular as so- ⁇ -called voltage source with a slim intermediate circuit.
• This module includes, for example, the intermediate circuit capacitor, if present.
• the module is preferably a further module electrically kontak ⁇ advantage, which comprises the buffer capacity and the up converter, and which consequently - in essence forms the intermediate circuit - with the exception of the intermediate circuit capacitor of the regenerative rectifier, so-far this is present.
• a modular construction of the regenerative rectifier device is enabled, which reduces manufacturing costs. It also makes it possible to access any existing modules.
• the buffer capacity comprises a capacitor, for example an electrolytic capacitor.
• the buffering capacity of an electric circuit for the on ⁇ charge of the capacitor by means of which at the start of loading of the regenerative inverter device drive a precharge of the capacitor takes place.
• ⁇ maintaining the voltage applied to the capacitor voltage at a so-called standby mode here.
• the buffer capacity can have a comparatively large capacitance on ⁇ , wherein the regenerative rectifier device still responds essentially immediate.
• a first controllable switching element is connected between the buffer capacity and the DC current side.
• the interconnection is preferably such that by means of the first controllable switching element an electrical
• the first controllable switching element is, for example a component of the boost converter and / or the positive branch.
• the first controllable switching element is a semiconductor switching element / power semiconductor switch, and for example an IGBT or MOSFET, in particular a SiC-MOSFET.
• the first controllable switching element is preferably configured bidirectionally.
• the first controllable switching element is a bidirectional switch, for example, the first controllable switching element by means of ei ⁇ nes transistor is provided to the pa- rallel preferably a diode is connected, by means of which always a
• the first controllable switching element is operated more frequently, wherein the maximum switching frequency in ⁇ example, greater than 10 kHz and preferably between
• the rectifier switching elements of the regenerative rectifier are operated at mains frequency. Consequently, it is possible the rectifier switching elements of the regenerative rectifier comparatively ge ⁇ rings electrical conduction losses, to optimize.
• the first controllable switching element is optimized especially before ⁇ Trains t to low switching losses, thus a degree of efficiency of the regenerative rectifier device is increased.
• the first controllable switching ⁇ elements by means of the first controllable switching ⁇ elements and by means of the boost converter at a suitable actuation of the switching elements of the rectifier Wegspeisefähi ⁇ gen rectifier, which are operated in particular at mains frequency, system oscillations avoided, since no further inductors are present.
• an intermediate circuit voltage / output voltage changes only with three times the mains frequency to ground, provided that the negative branches of the intermediate circuit are guided by means of the diodes of the regenerative rectifier ground, for example kapa ⁇ zitiv.
• a controller is used to adjust the current flow.
• the first controllable switching element is controlled by means of a regulator, in particular by means of a PI controller.
• the boost converter comprises a boost converter ⁇ , wherein preferably one of the branches of the intermediate ⁇ circuit comprises an inductor.
• the po- sitive branch inductance on, for example, in the form ei ⁇ ner coil or an inductor, and connected in particular with a diode in series.
• the diode and the inductance are bridged by means of a further diode and a variable resistor, which can be adjusted, for example.
• the two branches themselves are short-circuited by means of a second controllable switching element.
• the second controllable switching element is preferably a semiconductor switching element ⁇ , in particular a power semiconductor switch, such as a field effect transistor, in particular a MOSFET or an IGBT.
• the second controllable switching ⁇ element is identical to the first controllable switching element, if this is available.
• the two branches of the intermediate circuit are shorted ⁇ closed and thus charging the inductance by closing the second controllable switching element.
• the second controllable switching element is opened, the inductance is discharged to the buffer capacitor via the diode.
• the step-up converter comprises an Electronic Smoothing Inductor, which in particular comprises one of the branches of the intermediate circuit.
• the Electronic Smoothing Inductor has a bridge circuit, wherein two outputs of the bridge circuit by means of a capacitor, in particular as an electrolytic capacitor, are contacted together elec ⁇ trically.
• the high seat plate also comprises an inductance, such as a coil and / or throttle, which is expediently arranged on the side of the bridge circuit facing the regenerative rectifier.
• the first controllable switching element is provided by means of the electronic smoothing inductor, so that all the bridge branches of the B4 circuit of the bidirectional electronic smoothing inductor each have controllable switching elements, which are realized in particular by means of semiconductor switches.
• the capacitor of the electronic smoothing is first by means of control of the controllable Wegele ⁇ elements first
• Inductors loaded which is discharged at a changed drive to the buffer capacity, wherein the electrical voltage is increased.
• the boost converter comprises an inductor, with ⁇ means of which an inductor is provided.
• the throttle serves as a storage of electrical energy, which is preferably delivered to increase the electrical voltage by means of a suitable switching element to the buffer capacity.
• the inductor has an inductance between see 100 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ .
• the Induktivi ⁇ ty is less than 500 ⁇ , 400 ⁇ , 300 ⁇ .
• such a choke is used at a power of the regenerative rectifier device of between 5 kW and 10 kW. In this way, a comparatively platzspa ⁇ render boost converter is realized.
• the buffer capacity has two ge ⁇ switched in series buffer capacitors which are for example each in the form electrolytic capacitor. Due to the series connection, capacitors with a comparatively low dielectric strength can be used even with a comparatively large DC link voltage, which reduces manufacturing costs.
• the center of this series circuit so the two electrically contacted electrodes of the buffer capacitors, is suitably guided to ground, in particular capacitive. In other wor ⁇ th which is guided formed between the two capacitors capacitive electrical potential to ground us in particular equal mass. In this way, a further Ent ⁇ disturbance of the regenerative rectifier device is given what an electromagnetic compatibility worn he ⁇ increases.
• the method is used to operate a regenerative power
• Rectifier device which is for example a component of an industrial plant, and which is suitable, preferably provided and arranged to be connected to an AC mains.
• the regenerative Gleichrichtervor- device comprises a regenerative rectifier, and to the DC side of the regenerative rectifier connected in parallel with buffering capacity, wherein the daily Mon ⁇ state, the AC side of the regenerative
• Rectifier is electrically contacted with the AC mains.
• the method provides that a current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity for Time of commutation is reduced.
• Kommutie ⁇ tion is in this case in particular the transition of the current flow from one branch of the bridge circuit of the regenerative Gleitrichters referred to another of the branches and / or a change in the electrical contacting of a branch of the intermediate circuit with one of the phases of the alternating current ⁇ network .
• commutation for example, a switching operation of a rectifier switching element of gurspei ⁇ segregen rectifier, wherein one of these rectifier switching elements is opened and another is closed, so that one of the branches of the intermediate circuit is electrically low-impedance electrically contacted with another phase of the AC network.
• an elec tric ⁇ current flow from the direct current side to the Pufferka ⁇ or capacity of the buffer capacity to the DC side ⁇ re
• both a current flow from the DC side to the buffer capacity as well as the buffer capacity to the DC side is reduced at the time of commutation tion.
• there is an electrical current flow from the buffer capacitance to the DC side with the electrical current flow being reduced at the time of commutation, for example to 0 A.
• the current flow is a period of time before and reduces a period of time after the time of commutation, and this example is carried out continu ously ⁇ .
• the regenerative rectifier is operated power frequency.
• the rectifier switching elements of the regenerative rectifier rectifier are driven at the frequency that the AC mains has.
• the electric current flow is expediently regulated or controlled in a pulse-frequency manner. In other words, he ⁇ followed by a setting of pulse frequency of the electrical current flow and thus the reduction. In this way, a comparatively accurate adjustment of the electric current flow is made possible.
• the frequency by which is carried a SET ⁇ development of electrical current flow is, in this case, for example around 150 kHz.
• an intermediate circuit voltage applied to the buffer capacitance is increased compared to an output voltage applied to the regenerative rectifier on the DC side.
• a control or Re ⁇ gelung of electrical current flow of the buffer capacity to the regenerative rectifier is always possible regardless of the current phase angle of the phase of the electric current of the ac network, is commutated to the current.
• a feedback is possible if the phase is currently commutated to the maximum electrical voltage.
• the line-side electrical voltage is monitored, and reduced in a network-side voltage dip, the electrical current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity.
• a network-side voltage dip the electrical current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity.
• a comparatively short Redu ⁇ cation of the electric voltage is meant at least one of the phases of the ac network, wherein the electrical voltage deviates from a nominal value by more than a certain threshold, for example 10 V.
• a current flow from the regenerative Rectifier reduced to the buffer capacity and thus the AC mains no further energy withdrawn. In this way, a reduced load of the AC mains.
• the reference to that stored within the buffer capacity electrical ⁇ cal energy is independent of the reduction of electrical current flow at the time of commutation and is in particular ⁇ sondere considered as an independent invention.
• the current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacitance that is, from the regenerative rectifier to the buffer capacitance and vice versa, is reduced to a value.
• This value is the product of a modulation factor and an unreduced current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity, so the maximum possible current flow Zvi ⁇ rule the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity, which then sets in when no control and / or adjustment of the electrical current flow takes place.
• the unreduced with ren current flow corresponds to the Spit ⁇ zenwert of the electric current between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity. Due to the lying at ⁇ AC voltage unreduced this current flow is not constant, but fluctuates arcuately between two limits, however, are always greater than zero. The lowest current flow would occur at the time of commutation, unless the electric current flow is reduced.
• the greatest value would occur if the electrical voltage of the phase to which commutation has the greatest value.
• the current flow is always on the product of the modulation factor and the unreduced
• the modulation factor tor preferably has a minimum at the time of commutation.
• the input position of the electrical current flow is simplified since must be known single ⁇ Lich the phase position of the individual phases. If a continuous function is used to determine the modulation factor, an occurrence of jumps in the electrical current flow is avoided, and therefore a propagation of unwanted oscillations within the alternating current network is prevented.
• the modulation factor is calculated using the electric voltage of the phases of the ac network, wherein, if multiple phases are present, calculated on ⁇ hand of the electric voltages of the time of commutation tion and a suitable, especially periodic, function is used, it is ensured by means of which in that, at the time of commutation, the modulation factor is less than one. If the modulation factor is derived on the basis of the electric voltages, a comparatively robust andcommunicationunan devise determining the Modula ⁇ tion factor given.
• the modulation factor is min (1; (DCA-DCAmin) / (DCAmax-DCAmin)).
• min corresponds to the minimum function, DCA the unreduced current flow, ie the electric current flow that would occur, provided that there is no control or regulation of the electrical current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity.
• DCAmin corresponds to the unreduced current flow at the time of Kom ⁇ mutating, so the electrical current flow that would be running if no reduction would take place.
• DCAmax is the time-averaged unreduced current flow used, that is, the current flow that would occur between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacity in the time average, if no reduction would take place at the time of commutation.
• the current flow is temporally averaged at least a period of Wech ⁇ selstroms.
• the length of the time interval used for the time determination corresponds at least to the length of the period of the AC current applied to the AC side of the regenerative rectifier, ie in particular at least 0.02 sec., Provided that the AC mains have a frequency of 50 Hz.
• an integral multiple of this Pe ⁇ Riode is used.
• the unreduced current flow is in this case always be ermit ⁇ telt when a maximum load of the regenerative rectifier would be so particularly if the fully be ⁇ riding Asked by the regenerative rectifier DC voltage would be removed or fully applied to the DC side DC fed back into the AC power
• the complete electrical energy present within the buffer capacity should be fed back in the shortest possible time, whereby a reduction of the current flow at the time of the commutation does not take place.
• the determination of the modulation factor in this way is comparatively unkom ⁇ plied and without a plurality of sensors or accounting rules ⁇ be realized.
• the industrial plant has a regenerative rectifier ⁇ tervorides for connection to an AC power grid. By means of the regenerative rectifier device it is possible to feed excess electrical energy back into the AC mains.
• the regenerative rectifier device comprises a regenerative regenerative rectifier and a regenerative capable one to the DC side
• Rectifier parallel buffer capacity Between the buffer capacity and the regenerative rectifier is a boost converter switched. Alternatively or in combination, an electrical current flow between the regenerative rectifier and the buffer capacitance at the time of commutation is reduced.
• the industrial plant has an output between 5 kW and 250 kW. Conveniently, the power of the industrial plant is greater than 10 kW and, for example, less than 200 kW.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows an industrial plant with a back ⁇ feiseEffier device
• FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the regenerative rectifier device
• FIG. 3 according to FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the regenerative rectifier device
• Rectifying means, 6 shows an unreduced current flow within the regenerative rectifier device
• an industrial plant 2 with a converter 4 which has a power greater than 10 kW and equal to play ⁇ 100 kW.
• an electric motor 6 is operated.
• the electric motor 6 is used to drive an actuator, not shown, of the industrial plant 2.
• the inverter 4 is electrically connected between the electric motor 6 and an AC mains 8, which has a first phase 10, a second phase 12 and a third phase 14, also as LI , L2, L3.
• Each of the three phases 10, 12, 14 carries a sinusoidal alternating voltage and an alternating current, each having a frequency of 50 Hz, wherein the three phases are offset from each other by 120 °.
• the amplitude of the sinusoidal alternating current causing sinusoidal AC voltage is 325 V.
• the converter 4 has a regenerative rectifier device 16, which is contacted with the three phases 10, 12, 14 of the AC mains 8 directly electrically.
• the feedback ⁇ capable rectifier device 16 is thus connected between the AC mains 8 and an inverter 18 of the inverter 4.
• a direct current is provided, which is transformed by means of the inverter 18 into an alternating current, which serves the operation of the electric motor 6.
• the generated by means of the inverter 18 AC ⁇ current is adapted to the speed and power of the electric motor 6.
• the regenerative rectifier device 16 comprises a first module 20 and a second module 22, which are shown nä ⁇ forth in FIG.
• the first module 20 includes a back ⁇ feiseschreiben rectifier 24, which summarizes a B6 circuit.
• the B6 circuit is created by means of six rectifier switching elements 26, each SiC MOSFETs pa rallel ⁇ switched freewheeling diode.
• two of the rectifier switching elements 26 are electrically contacted with one of the phases 10, 12, 14, wherein by means of the diodes rectifying the means of the phases 10, 12, 14 and applied to the AC side 28 AC voltage to a DC voltage takes place on a DC side 30 of the regenerative rectifier 24 is on ⁇ , and equal to an output voltage Ua.
• the B6 circuit is between the AC side 28 and the DC side 30.
• the first module 20 also has a DC link capacitor 32 with a comparatively small capacitance.
• each of the phases 10, 12, 14 is capacitively guided with respect to ground 36 by means of a grounding capacitor 34.
• the first module 20 also includes an on ⁇ control circuit 38, by means of which a loading of the rectifier switching elements 26 takes place. This takes place as a function of current requirements for the electric motor 6 and the phase position of the alternating current or its alternating voltage conducted by the respective phases 10, 12, 14.
• the drive circuit 38 in this case the Wegzu ⁇ state of the rectifier switching elements 26 is changed, so also allows a passage in the reverse direction of the respective freewheeling diode. This is preferably carried out at mains frequency.
• the first module 20 is expediently realized by means of a so-called F3E topology, and has a comparatively small DC link capacitor 32, ie a slender intermediate circuit.
• the second module 22 is connected in parallel with the Bacikakondensa ⁇ gate 32, with the intermediate circuit capacitor 32 substantially forms an intermediate circuit 40 of the inverter 4.
• the intermediate circuit 40 has a negative branch 42 and a positive branch 44, wherein the electrical potential guided by the positive branch 44 is greater than the electrical potential of the negative branch 42.
• the electrical potential of the negative branch 42 is substantially equal to that of ground 36 due to the freewheeling diodes of the regenerative rectifier 24 and the grounding capacitors 34.
• the buffering capacity 46 has a first electrolytic capacitor 48 in this example.
• the buffer capacitor 46 includes a precharge circuit 50, by means of which a charging of the first electrolytic capacitor 48 can take place independently of the first module 20.
• the second module 22 further includes a boost converter 52 with an up-converter 54, which has a connected into the positive branch 44 throttle 56 with an inductance of 150 ⁇ on ⁇ .
• a first controllable switching element 58 is connected, which is thus connected in series with the throttle 56.
• the first controllable switching element 58 which is a SiC-MOSFET, is connected between the buffer capacitance 46 and the DC side 30.
• the second controllable switching element 60 is identical in construction to the first controllable switching element 58 and, like this, is acted upon by switching circuits with a control circuit 62, which comprises a PI controller.
• the inductor 56 and the first switching element 58 are further bridged by means of a diode 64 and a variable resistor 66 connected in series therewith, wherein the diode 64 and the first controllable switching element 58, which is a bidirectional switching element, in the opened state, a current flow of the buffer capacity 46 to the rectifier side 30 prevent.
• a voltage boost which is why the voltage applied to the rectifier side 30 output voltage Ua, which is applied to the DC link capacitor 32 is smaller than a
• the buffer capacity 46 is first charged to the output voltage Ua, the throttle 56 also being charged.
• the first shawl Tele ⁇ ment 58 is controlled such that only a current flow from the rectifier 30 to the page buffer capacity 46 is made ⁇ light.
• the first switching element 58 is opened.
• the second switching element 60 is ⁇ the art driven that the positive branch 44 and the negative branch 42 are shorted.
• current flow occurs and the reactor 56 is charged.
• the second controllable switching element 60 is opened.
• the throttle 56 discharges via the first controllable switching element 58 to the Pufferka ⁇ capacity 46, the voltage is thus increased.
• FIG 3 a modification of the regenerative rectifier device is shown, wherein the first module 20 has been left un ⁇ changed. Also, the buffer capacity 46 was not changed. Only the boost converter 52 is modified and now has instead of the boost converter 54 egg ⁇ nen introduced into the positive branch 44 bidirectional Electronic Smoothing Inductor 68, which includes a B4 circuit, which is connected in series with the choke 56 is left unchanged.
• the electronic smoothing inductor 68 has a first semiconductor switch 70 for the bridge circuit and a second semiconductor switch 72 connected in series with each other and in parallel with a third semiconductor switch 74 and a fourth semiconductor switch 76, which are in turn connected in series with each other.
• the branches prepared in this way of the Electronic Smoothing Inductors 68 are in electrical contact with a capacitor 78 to one another, is contacted by its one electrode connected to the first and second half ⁇ conductor switches 70, 72 and the remainder of the electrode with the third and fourth semiconductor switches 74, 76 electrically ,
• the first, second and third semiconductor switches 70, 72, 74, 76 furthermore also constitute the first controllable switching element 58, by means of which a current flow between the buffer capacitor 46 and the rectifier side 30 can be adjusted.
• the semiconductor switches 70, 72, 74, 76 are in turn acted upon by the control circuit 62 with switching signals.
• all the semiconductor switches 70, 72, 74, 76 for example, are switched to be electrically conductive, which leads to a charge of the inductor 56.
• the Kondensa ⁇ tor 78 here is not loaded.
• the second and third semiconductor switches 72, 74 are switched electrically nonconductive, which is why the capacitor 78 is charged by means of the diode 74.
• the second and third semiconductor switches 72, 74 is conducting and the first and fourth semiconductor switch 70 are switched to non-conducting 76, whereupon the capacitor discharges 78 on the buffer capacity of 46, resulting in the increased Zvi ⁇ intermediate circuit voltage Uz.
• FIG 4 a further embodiment of the Pufferkapa ⁇ capacity 46 is shown, wherein the precharge circuit 50 is not shown, but which may also be present.
• the buffering capacitor 46 has a first electrolytic capacitor 48 and a second electrolytic capacitor 80, which are connected in series with each other, and form the buffer capacitors of the buffering capacitor 46. Between the two buffer condenser A center 82 is formed, whose electrical potential thus corresponds to the electrical potential of one of the electrodes of the two buffer capacitors 48, 80, respectively.
• the center 82 is capacitively guided by means of a second grounding capacitor 84 to ground 36.
• FIG. 5 shows a method 86 for operating the regenerative rectifier device 16.
• a first step 88 the training is performed by the step-up converter 52 output voltage Ua which is applied to the rectifier side 30 of the back ⁇ food capable rectifier 24, to the intermediate circuit voltage Uz is set high, for which the Electronic Smoothing Inductor 68 and the boost converter operated 54 suitable become.
• the control circuit 62 is suitably used.
• the second controllable switching element 60 and the semiconductor switches 70, 72, 74, 76 are expediently controlled pulse frequency for this purpose.
• a return flow from the buffer capacity 46 into the AC network 8 is to take place by means of the regenerative rectifier 24.
• the positive branch 44 and the ne gative ⁇ branch 42 are in this case electrically contacted by means of a rectifier ⁇ switching elements 26 with one of the phases 10, 12, 14th
• an unreduced current flow DCA is determined, which is shown in FIG. 6 as a function of time. The unreduced current flow DCA would result if the rectifier switching elements 26 were driven in such a way that they would be hard-commutated between the phases 10, 12, 14.
• each time points 92 are gebil ⁇ det, is where switched by means of the rectifier switching elements 26 of the positive branch 44 and the negative branch 42 of one of the phases 10, 12, 14 on another of the phases 10, 12, 14 environmentally , And thus a low-resistance electrical Ver ⁇ bond between them is created.
• an unreduced current flow DCAmin would be applied here, which is used by means of the Rectifier switching elements 26 would be switched, and could be up to 100 amps.
• the unreduced current flow DCAmin would be applied here, which is used by means of the Rectifier switching elements 26 would be switched, and could be up to 100 amps. The unreduced
• a value 100 is created, which is the product of the unreduced current flow DCA and the modulation factor 96.
• the current flow between the buffer capacity 46 and the rectifier side 30 of the Wegspeisefähi ⁇ gene rectifier 24 is controlled to this value 100, for which the first controllable switching element 58 is suitably controlled.
• This is controlled in particular pulse frequency, which allows a comparatively fine adjustment of the electrical Stromflus ⁇ ses.
• the frequency used is between 0 kHz and up to 150 kHz. If the current flow is greater than the time-averaged unreduced current flow DCAmax, the first controllable switching element is driven in such a way that no reduction of the current flow takes place.
• controllable switching element 58 is in an electrically conductive state.
• the unreduced current flow DCA is smaller than the time-averaged reduced current flow DCAmax, the actual current flow is lowered more sharply by means of the control circuit 62 on account of the modulation factor 96 first controllable switching element 58 is acted upon by a specific pulse ⁇ frequency.
• the DC link capacitor 32 and the inductor 56 have a smoothing effect, for which reason the electric current flowing did ⁇ plural decreases substantially continuously.
• the rectifier switching elements 26 are controlled by means of the drive circuit 38 such that the previously electrically conductive rectifier switching elements 26 transferred into an electrically non-conductive and two more of the rectifier switching elements 26 in an electrically conductive state become. Because the modulation factor is 96 at this point 92 of the actual current flow Liehe 0 A, so that substantially no switching loss occurs within the regenerative rectifier 24 on ⁇ .
• step 104 is carried out an increase in electrical Stromflus ⁇ ses because the modulation factor 96 is again greater than zero.
• the rectifier switching elements 26 are operated at mains frequency. Carried out In other words, changes in the switching states of the rectifier switching elements 26 only 92. As long as the recovery continues at the time of commutation, the electric current flow is controlled with ⁇ means of the control circuit 62 to a value of 100, with the modulation factor 96 changes accordingly.
• a mains-side voltage drop 106 occurs, for example, shown in FIG 7, wherein the second phase 12 comprises a relatively short reduction in the electric voltage, due to the attraction of the unredu ⁇ ed current flow DCA for calculating the Modulationsfak- gate 96 is the value 100 is equal to 0 A.
• the AC mains 8 is taken no electrical energy, even if not actually feeding the buffer capacity 46 means of AC power 8 is done. As a result, Be ⁇ load on the AC system 8 is reduced.
• the current consumption of the regenerative rectifier device 16 is comparatively low loading for the AC network 8, since on the one hand comparatively small current harmonics are present ⁇ .
• this is not burdened, as long as there is a mains-soaked voltage dip 106
• Electric motor 6 is made possible here by means of the buffer capacity 46.
• the rectifier switching elements 26 of the first module 20 can be optimized for relatively small fürverlus ⁇ te out, since they are essentially connected in network synchronization.
• the semiconductor switches of the second module 22, however, are pulsed clocked, and are optimized for the lowest possible switching losses.
• the regenerative rectifier circuit 16 also changes the intermediate circuit voltage Uz to ground 36 only with three times the mains frequency, since the negative branch 42 is guided by means of the diodes and the grounding capacitors 34 to ground 36.
• the amplitude of the variation here is comparatively small, and leakage currents are also to ground 36 ge ⁇ leads.

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• 2016
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