WO2017139906A1 - 一种等离子体加热器 - Google Patents

一种等离子体加热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017139906A1
WO2017139906A1 PCT/CN2016/000084 CN2016000084W WO2017139906A1 WO 2017139906 A1 WO2017139906 A1 WO 2017139906A1 CN 2016000084 W CN2016000084 W CN 2016000084W WO 2017139906 A1 WO2017139906 A1 WO 2017139906A1
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Prior art keywords
plasma
metal cylinder
water
water pipe
cylinder cover
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PCT/CN2016/000084
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王守国
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王守国
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Application filed by 王守国 filed Critical 王守国
Priority to PCT/CN2016/000084 priority Critical patent/WO2017139906A1/zh
Priority to CN201680081975.9A priority patent/CN109312954B/zh
Publication of WO2017139906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017139906A1/zh
Priority to US16/104,141 priority patent/US10412819B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/44—Plasma torches using an arc using more than one torch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
    • H05H2245/10—Treatment of gases
    • H05H2245/15—Ambient air; Ozonisers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma heater, in particular to a metal cylinder cover with a plurality of flanges covering a circulating water pipe, and a DC plasma torch connected to the nozzle upward on each flange to directly heat the water pipe And the waste heat of the plasma torch tail gas is directly used, and the heating device for heating the circulating water pipe is also used.
  • the traditional heating heating uses boiler steam and heats the circulating hot water through the heat exchanger. This traditional heating method not only consumes a lot of energy, but also has a long pipe laying and high cost.
  • the heating tube heater As for the electric heating tube heater seen in the past, the heating tube is placed in a water body for heating. This heating form is not easy to promote due to low energy conversion efficiency and high use cost.
  • Atmospheric pressure thermal plasma technology has been widely used in recent years, for example, for plasma cutting, plasma cladding, plasma propulsion, and plasma-assisted combustion for power plant ignition.
  • Korean Patent No. PCT/KR2010/004032 2010.06.22 discloses the use of mixed combustion of combustion water and waste oil. Although plasma heating is also used, the plasma uses argon as a working gas and is expensive to use. The combustion in the furnace is still based on fossil fuel combustion, which inevitably produces exhaust emissions, and the exhaust gas still needs further treatment.
  • Korean Patent No. 1020110032551 discloses a structure in which a plasma torch is used to heat a spiral water pipe.
  • the plasma heating efficiency of the structure is relatively low, and a lot of heat is lost to the peripheral space, and the exhaust gas is inevitably brought to environmental pollution.
  • U.S. Patent No. 1020110032551 discloses the use of a mirror to face multiple reflections of photons in a plasma, using photon vibration and radiant energy to heat a body of water. This form of heating is inefficient and it is difficult to manufacture a large capacity boiler.
  • PCT/CN2016/000004 discloses a plasma boiler with closed-loop ionization combustion.
  • the boiler is a pressure vessel with high design and processing requirements and is not suitable for direct heating of hot water for heating.
  • the invention adopts a metal cylinder cover with a connecting flange at both ends to cover the circulating water pipe, and a certain gap is provided between the metal cylinder cover and the circulating water pipe, and the plasma burning torch directly heats the bottom of the water pipe.
  • This heating method does not require an additional heating vessel, does not require a heat exchanger, is not a pressure vessel, and is not only easy to manufacture, but also safe and reliable.
  • the bottom flange of the metal cylinder cover of the invention is respectively connected with a plasma generator, which is a DC plasma torch with a nozzle upward, and the heating method of directly heating the bottom of the water pipe by the plasma torch is heated. efficient.
  • the water pipe covered by the metal cylinder cover of the invention is divided into two sections, one section is a plasma heating section, and the other section is a waste heat heating section, and the two sections are mutually connected, and the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas directly heats the water pipe. Make the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas fully utilized.
  • the plurality of DC plasma torches included in the plasma heating section are discharged in parallel at the bottom of the metal cylinder for convenient disassembly and replacement.
  • This design is also modular, easy to install and maintain.
  • the plurality of thin water pipes in the metal cylinder cover of the present invention are small water pipes which are separated from each other by a main circulation water pipe and which are separated from each other by a certain gap, and each of the water pipes has an outer diameter ranging from 20 to 60 mm.
  • the exhaust gas of the plasma torch of the invention is in the metal cylinder cover and flows from the plasma heating section After passing through the heating section of the residual heat of the exhaust gas, the metal cylinder cover is discharged to enter an exhaust gas circulation pump, which is returned to the plasma generator for recycling after being recycled by the circulating air pump.
  • the plasma torch tail gas of the invention is used after a period of time to update the timing, introducing fresh air to the plasma torch for circulating ionization combustion, and the time of ventilation and discharge is completed within 1 minute, and the time interval of ventilation and discharge is More than 10 minutes. Introducing fresh air into the plasma torch for cyclic ionization combustion is to improve the reaction combustion efficiency.
  • a DC plasma heating torch is used, and the working gas is a mixed gas of air and water vapor, and the use cost is low.
  • the electrode of the plasma torch is required to be cooled by a cooling system, including a water cooler, a water pipe, a water level sensor, and a water pump connection. This water cooling system is used to increase the life of the plasma generator.
  • the plasma heater of the present invention employs a plurality of plasma torches of the same specification, thus achieving a modular combination that is easy to process, install and maintain.
  • the exhaust gas of the plasma heater of the invention is connected with the waste liquid recovery and the tail gas treatment tank through the valve, and the exhaust gas is absorbed and purified by the equipment, and is discharged to the outside, and the waste liquid is recovered.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a plasma heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a plasma heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 101A and 101C are metal cylindrical cover end connecting flanges
  • FIG. 1 a detailed description of a plasma heater in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • one section is a plasma heating section (between the flanges 101B and 101C), and the other section is a tail gas residual heat heating section (between the flanges 101A and 101B), which are mutually Through.
  • a metal cylinder cover 102 with a plurality of flanges 101 covers a plurality of The water tube 103 and the plurality of plasma generators 100 are mounted side by side under the flange 101 to generate a plasma torch 104 for directly heating the water tube 103 in the metal cylinder cover 102.
  • a water pipe 103 in a metal cylindrical cover 102 is a plurality of thin water pipes 103 which are separated from each other by a main circulating water pipe 111 and which are separated from each other by a certain gap.
  • a circulating water pump 108 is disposed on the circulating main water pipe 111 to circulate the main water pipe.
  • 111 is connected to the plasma heater through the flange 101D.
  • the exhaust gas of the plasma torch 103 generated by the plasma generator 100 is in the metal cylinder cover 102, flows from the plasma heating section through the exhaust heat heating section, and then flows out of the metal cylinder cover 102 into a After connecting the flange 101E of the circulation gas path, it enters an exhaust gas circulation pump 109, and returns to the plasma generator 100 for reuse after passing through the circulation air pump 109.
  • the plasma generator 100 is powered by a DC power source 105, the working gas of which is a mixture of air and moisture.
  • the electrodes of the plasma generator 100 require a cooling system for water cooling, including a water cooling tank 106, associated water pipes, water level sensors, and water pump connections.
  • the exhaust gas of the plasma torch 104 has a time interval of ventilation and discharge of more than 10 minutes, and the time of ventilation and discharge is completed within 1 minute, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the treatment tank 110 through the valve for purification and Recycling treatment.
  • An insulating pad 107 (using a high temperature resistant asbestos pad) is disposed between the connecting flanges 101, 101D, and 101E to make the metal cylindrical cover 102 and the heated water pipe 103 become floating electrodes.
  • the metal cylinder cover 102, the water pipe 103, the flange 101, and the connecting pipe of the circulation system are made of a stainless steel material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

一种等离子体加热器，包含有等离子体加热段、尾气余热加热段、循环气泵（109）、水冷系统、废水和废气回收罐（110）；该加热器是采用一段循环水管，该段循环水管被一个设有多个连接法兰（101A、101B、101C）的金属圆筒罩（102）来包覆，每个法兰与一个等离子体发生器（100）连接，等离子体发生器的燃烧炬火焰直接喷射到水管上加热水管，金属圆筒罩的水管是由主循环水管（111）分成彼此平行且相隔一定间隙的多根细水管（103）；等离子体炬燃烧后的尾气在金属圆筒罩内流经尾气余热加热段后再流出金属圆筒罩进入到一个循环气泵，通过该气泵回到等离子体发生器中循环利用；该循环尾气工作一定时间后定时排放更换，排放更换的时间间隔在10分钟以上；排放的废气和废液进入回收处理罐。

Description

一种等离子体加热器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种等离子体加热器，尤其是涉及一个带有多个法兰的金属圆筒罩包覆在循环水管外，在每个法兰上连接喷口向上的直流等离子体炬来直接加热水管，并且等离子体炬尾气余热是被直接利用，也来加热循环水管的加热装置。
背景技术
传统供暖加热是采用锅炉蒸汽，并通过换热器加热循环热水，这种传统供暖方式，不但能耗大、管网铺设长，使用成本也很高。
至于过去所见到的电加热管加热器，是把加热管放置在水体中加热，这种加热形式由于能量转换效率低，使用成本高而不易推广。
大气压热等离子体技术在近几年已得到广泛应用，例如已经用于：等离子体切割、等离子体熔覆、等离子体推进、以及等离子体辅助燃烧对电厂点火等。
韩国专利号为PCT/KR2010/004032 2010.06.22公开了采用燃烧水和废油的混合燃烧，尽管也采用了等离子体加热助燃，但该等离子体是采用氩气作为工作气体，使用成本高，在炉膛内的燃烧仍是在石化燃料基础上的燃烧，不可避免的会产生废气排放物，其尾气仍需要进一步处理。
韩国专利号为1020110032551公开了采用等离子体炬来加热螺旋水管的一种结构，该结构的等离子体加热效率比较低，很多热量流失到外围空间中，尾气也不可避免的会代来环境污染。
美国专利号为1020110032551公开了利用反射镜面对等离子体中光子的多次反射，利用光子的振动和辐射能来对水体加热，这种形式的加热效率低，很难制造大容量的锅炉。
本人所提交的专利号为PCT/CN2016/000004公开了尾气闭循环电离燃烧的等离子体锅炉，该锅炉是一种压力容器，设计加工要求高，不适合直接加热热水来供暖。
发明内容
本发明采用一个两端设有连接法兰的金属圆筒罩来包覆循环水管，在金属圆筒罩与循环水管之间设有一定的间隙，等离子体燃烧炬是直接加热水管的底部。这种加热方式不需要额外的加热容器，不需要换热器，不是压力容器，不但制作方便，而且安全可靠。
本发明在金属圆筒罩的底部法兰是分别连接一个等离子体发生器，该等离子体发生器是喷口向上的直流等离子体炬，这种采用等离子体炬直接加热水管底部的加热方式，其加热效率高。
本发明金属圆筒罩包覆的水管分为两段，一段为等离子体加热段，另一段是尾气余热加热段，这两段之间是相互贯通的，这种尾气余热直接加热水管的方式，使得尾气余热得到充分利用。
本发明中等离子体加热段所包含的多个直流等离子体炬是在金属筒底部的并行排放，方便拆卸更换。这种设计也实现了模块化，安装维护方便。
本发明金属圆筒罩内的多根细水管是由主循环水管分成的彼此平行且相隔一定间隙的细水管，每根细水管的外直径范围是20-60毫米之间。采用加热多根较细水管，与加热一根较大直径的粗水管比较，其热交换面积增大，因此加热效率会提高。
本发明等离子体炬的尾气在金属圆筒罩内，从等离子体加热段流 经尾气余热加热段后再流出金属圆筒罩进入到一个尾气循环气泵，经循环气泵后再回到等离子体发生器中重复利用。
本发明等离子体炬尾气是被利用一段时间后定时排放更新，引入新鲜的空气再到等离子体炬进行循环电离燃烧，换气和排放的时间在1分钟内完成，换气和排放的时间间隔为10分钟以上。引入新鲜的空气，进入到等离子体炬进行循环电离燃烧，是为了提高反应燃烧效率。
在本发明所述的等离子体发生器是采用直流等离子体加热炬，其工作气体是空气和水汽的混合气体，使用成本低。等离子体炬的电极是需要冷却系统来水冷，包括水冷箱、水管、水位传感器和水泵连接构成。采用这个水冷系统是为了提高等离子体发生器的使用寿命。
本发明等离子体加热器采用多个同样规格的等离子体炬，这样实现了模块化组合，易于加工、安装和维修。
本发明等离子体加热器的尾气是通过阀门连接废液回收和尾气处理罐，尾气经过该设备得到吸收和净化后向外排放，废液得到回收。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步的描述。
图1为本发明实施例一种等离子体加热器的结构正向剖视示意图。
图2为本发明实施例一种等离子体加热器的结构切向剖视示意图。
附图标记清单
100等离子体发生器(直流等离子体炬)
101金属圆筒罩端底部连接法兰
101A和101C为金属圆筒罩端部连接法兰
101B等离子体加热段和尾气余热加热段连接法兰
101D主循环水管接口连接法兰
101E金属圆筒罩尾气出口连接法兰
102金属圆筒罩
103金属圆筒罩内包覆的细水管
104等离子体发生器(直流等离子体炬)
105等离子体电源
106水冷箱
107绝缘垫
108主管网循环水泵
109循环气泵
110废气和废水处理罐
111主循环水管
112主循环水管入口
113主循环水管出口
具体实施方式
参照附图1和2所给出的是本发明具体实施例一种等离子体加热器的详细描述。在该等离子体加热器中包含一段为等离子体加热段(在法兰101B和101C之间)，另一段是尾气余热加热段(在法兰101A和101B之间)，这两段之间是相互贯通的。一个带有多个法兰101的金属圆筒罩102包覆多根 细水管103，多个等离子体发生器100并列安装在法兰101的下面产生等离子体炬104直接加热金属圆筒罩102内的水管103。
参照附图1，金属圆筒罩102内的水管103是由主循环水管111分成的彼此平行且相隔一定间隙的多根细水管103，在循环主水管111上设有循环水泵108，循环主水管111通过法兰101D与等离子体加热器连接。
参照附图1，等离子体发生器100所产生的等离子体燃烧炬104的尾气在金属圆筒罩102内，从等离子体加热段流经尾气余热加热段后再流出金属圆筒罩102进入到一个连接循环气路的法兰101E后，再进入到一个尾气循环气泵109，经循环气泵109后回到等离子体发生器100中重复利用。
参照附图1和2，等离子体发生器100是采用直流电源105供电，其工作气体是空气和水汽的混合气体。等离子体发生器100的电极是需要冷却系统来水冷，包括水冷箱106、配套的水管、水位传感器和水泵连接等。
等离子体燃烧炬104的尾气的换气和排放的时间间隔为10分钟以上，换气和排放的时间在1分钟内完成，尾气是通过阀门把废气和废液排放到处理罐110中进行净化和回收处理。
连接法兰101、101D以及101E的中间设有绝缘垫107(采用耐高温的石棉垫)，使金属圆筒罩102以及被加热的水管103成为悬浮电极。
金属圆筒罩102、水管103、法兰101以及循环系统的连接管是采用不锈钢材料制成。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种等离子体加热器，包含有等离子体加热段，尾气余热加热段，循环气泵、水冷系统、废水和废气的回收罐等。该加热器是采用一段循环水管，该段循环水管是被一个设有多个连接法兰的金属圆筒罩来包覆，每个法兰与一个等离子体发生器连接，等离子体发生器的燃烧炬火焰直接喷射到水管上加热水管，该金属圆筒罩内的水管是由主循环水管分成彼此平行且相隔一定间隙的多根细水管，等离子体炬燃烧后的尾气在金属圆筒罩内流经尾气余热加热段后再流出金属圆筒罩进入到一个循环气泵，通过该气泵回到等离子体发生器中循环利用，该循环尾气工作一定的时间后定时排放更换，排放更换的时间间隔在10分钟以上，排放的废气和废液是进入到回收处理罐。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：金属圆筒罩包覆相互贯通的水管，一段设为等离子体加热段，另一段设为尾气余热加热段，在金属圆筒罩的两端设有连接法兰来连接主循环水管。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：在金属圆筒罩内包覆的水管是由主循环水管分成的彼此平行且相隔一定间隙的多根细水管，每根细水管的直径范围是20-60毫米之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2和3所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：在等离子体加热段，在包覆的金属圆筒罩底部连接多个法兰，每个法兰是分别连接一个等离子体发生器，该等离子体发生器是一个喷口向上的直流等离子体炬，它向上喷出燃烧火焰直接加热多根细水管，等离子体的工作气体是空气和水汽的混合气体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：等离子体炬的尾气在金属圆筒罩内，从等离子体加热段流经尾气余热加热段后再流出金属圆筒罩进入到一个尾气循环气泵，经循环气泵再回到等离子体发生器中重复利用。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：该循环尾气工作一定的时间后再排放换气，排放换气的时间间隔在10分钟以上，排放的废气和废液是进入到回收处理罐。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种等离子体加热器，其特征在于：直流等离子体炬的电极是需要冷却系统来水冷，包括水冷箱、水管、水位传感器和水泵连接构成。
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