WO2017117690A1 - 带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉 - Google Patents

带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017117690A1
WO2017117690A1 PCT/CN2016/000004 CN2016000004W WO2017117690A1 WO 2017117690 A1 WO2017117690 A1 WO 2017117690A1 CN 2016000004 W CN2016000004 W CN 2016000004W WO 2017117690 A1 WO2017117690 A1 WO 2017117690A1
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water
exhaust gas
boiler
plasma
waste liquid
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PCT/CN2016/000004
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王玉国
王龙哲
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王守国
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/000004 priority Critical patent/WO2017117690A1/zh
Publication of WO2017117690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017117690A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B5/00—Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • the invention relates to a plasma boiler with a waste liquid and an exhaust gas recovery and treatment system, in particular to a method for directly heating a boiler body by using a thermal plasma torch, and the exhaust gas can be recycled for a certain period of time, and the plasma is periodically discharged and treated for recycling.
  • Body boiler a plasma boiler with a waste liquid and an exhaust gas recovery and treatment system
  • the thermal resistance layer is easily formed on the outer wall of the electrode tube, the energy conversion efficiency is low and it is difficult to promote.
  • Atmospheric pressure thermal plasma technology has been widely used in recent years, for example, for plasma cutting, plasma cladding, plasma propulsion, and plasma-assisted combustion for power plant ignition.
  • CN 101848595A discloses an energy-saving boiler that uses a high-frequency high-pressure dielectric barrier discharge electrolysis steam to produce hydrogen after being sprayed into a furnace of a conventional boiler, and can achieve fuel economy by 30%.
  • the invention utilizes a conventional boiler, combined with a plasma hydrogen plant, to add some hydrolyzed hydrogen to the boiler to assist combustion.
  • the invention is a combustion modification of a conventional fossil fuel combustion boiler.
  • the type of plasma used is a low-temperature cold plasma which is a dielectric barrier discharge. Due to the low temperature of the plasma, the hydrogen production efficiency is also difficult to increase.
  • CN 104315495A discloses heating liquid water using heat of a boiler furnace helium gas The high-temperature steam is generated and injected into the coal of the furnace for combustion-supporting combustion.
  • the invention is also a combustion-supporting retrofit to a fossil fuel fired boiler.
  • Korean Patent No. PCT/KR2010/0040322010.06.22 discloses the use of mixed combustion of combustion water and waste oil. Although plasma heating is also used, the plasma uses argon as a working gas and is expensive to use in the furnace. The combustion inside is still based on fossil fuel combustion, which inevitably produces exhaust emissions, and the exhaust gas still needs further treatment.
  • Korean Patent No. 1020110032551 discloses a structure in which a plasma torch is used to heat a spiral water pipe.
  • the plasma heating efficiency of the structure is relatively low, and a lot of heat is lost to the peripheral space. This heating can only function as a heating water pipe. It is difficult to generate steam, and it will inevitably lead to environmental pollution.
  • U.S. Patent No. 1020110032551 discloses the use of a mirror to face multiple reflections of photons in a plasma, using photon vibration and radiant energy to heat a body of water. This form of heating is inefficient and it is difficult to manufacture a large capacity boiler.
  • the patent number submitted by me is PCT/CN2015/000831, which discloses a plasma boiler with closed-loop ionization combustion.
  • the boiler has several disadvantages: (1) The boiler body is a floating electrode, which needs to be insulated during assembly. Complex, low heating efficiency; (2) boiler exhaust gas is closed cycle reuse, no timing ventilation and waste recovery device, the exothermic reaction without replacing fresh air will be lower and lower, because most of the circulating gas will form nitrogen Oxide. In addition, due to the presence of water vapor in the exhaust gas, it combines with nitrogen oxides to form an acidic liquid, which accumulates in the exhaust gas pipeline, and these liquids need to be periodically discharged and discharged; (3) the generation of water vapor is obtained by ultrasonic atomization, and the equipment is obtained. The structure is complex, consumes extra power, and so on.
  • the invention adopts a direct current thermal plasma torch to directly heat the bottom of the boiler.
  • the working gas of the plasma torch is air and a small amount of water gas, and does not use any fossil fuel boiler, so it does not bring any carbon emission problem.
  • the temperature of the plasma torch is several thousand degrees, which makes the water vapor entering the plasma torch easily decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by ionization, and the secondary combustion of hydrogen and oxygen is generated.
  • An exothermic reaction while N 2 +3H 2 will produce an exothermic reaction to form 2NH 3 ; in addition, NH 3 +H 2 O will produce an exothermic reaction to form NH 4 OH; and N 2 O 5 +H 2 O will generate an exotherm
  • the reaction produces 2HNO 3 and the like. Therefore, although the boiler consumes a part of electric energy, it causes high heat release of secondary combustion, making its actual combustion cost very low.
  • One of the structures of the boiler body of the invention has a cylindrical shape, and the outer cylinder sleeve is provided with water, and the middle is a hollow cylinder with a shrinkage, and the plasma torch is directly burned in the hollow cylinder to heat the inner wall of the boiler furnace.
  • the hollow cylinder is connected to the exhaust gas closed circulation system. This structure avoids radiation loss of heat.
  • Another boiler furnace structure of the present invention has a hemispherical shape, and the bottom thereof is a circular metal heat conducting plate.
  • the plurality of plasma torch heads directly heat the plate, and the plasma boiler can generate more heat.
  • An exhaust gas collecting hood is arranged on the side of the boiler body, a certain amount of water is arranged inside the furnace body, and an automatic water supply pipe and a valve are arranged on the bottom side of the furnace body, and a through hole is arranged on the side of the furnace body.
  • the water level display meter and the water level sensor are provided with a steam outlet valve, a gas pressure gauge and a steam pressure explosion-proof device at the upper part thereof.
  • the plasma torch of the present invention is a thermal plasma driven by a DC arc power source, which is composed of a water-cooled cathode and a ground electrode of a circular nozzle.
  • the ground electrode is composed of two different metal materials connected by a thread structure, wherein the nozzle The end is made of copper material, the inside of which is not water-cooled, and the material away from the nozzle end is made of stainless steel, which is provided with water-cooled passages.
  • the connection of the ground electrode and the water cooling method are adopted, so that the temperature at the nozzle of the ground electrode is maintained at a high temperature state of more than 300 degrees Celsius, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the countertop of the electrode fixed to the ground is also at a high temperature for vaporization through the interior thereof.
  • the water forms moisture.
  • the ion torch of the invention adopts the form of direct current discharge, the cathode of which is connected to the cathode output end of the direct current arc power source, and the ground electrode is connected with the boiler body and the table top and connected to the earth, the ground electricity
  • the pole spout is screwed to a countertop made of carbon steel.
  • the tail gas closed cycle recycling system of the present invention comprises a gas pipeline, a heat exchanger and an air compressor.
  • the exhaust gas after combustion of the plasma torch first enters a heat exchanger for heat exchange cooling, and forms at the bottom of the heat exchanger.
  • the U-shaped pipe is provided with a waste liquid and an exhaust gas discharge switch valve at the bottom of the U-shaped pipe. The valve is connected to the waste liquid recovery and exhaust gas treatment system, and the exhaust gas is absorbed and purified by the system, and the waste liquid is recovered.
  • nitrogen oxides and acidic liquids are continuously generated, so that it is necessary to periodically ventilate and periodically discharge the waste liquid, and the air is opened by introducing the air compressor inlet valve.
  • the fresh air is circulated and ionized for combustion to the plasma torch.
  • the discharge valves connecting the waste liquid and the exhaust gas are simultaneously opened to discharge the waste liquid and the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas pipe.
  • the time for ventilation and discharge is completed in 3 minutes, and the interval between ventilation and discharge is more than 30 minutes.
  • the working gas of the plasma torch used in the present invention is a mixed gas of air and a small amount of water and gas, which is obtained by using a high temperature mesa of a fixed ground electrode to heat and evaporate water flowing through the inside thereof to form a high temperature water gas. Then enter the two electrodes of the plasma torch and mix with the circulating gas to achieve ionization combustion.
  • the specific process is: a certain amount of water is pumped from the water tank by the water pump, flows into the surface of the fixed ground electrode through the water pipe, is heated by the high temperature table surface and forms water vapor, and then enters between the torch electrodes.
  • the water cooling system comprises a water supply tank, a water cooling tank, a water pipe, an automatic opening valve, a water level sensor and a water pump connection.
  • the water in the water tank is controlled by the water level sensor to control the automatic water supply valve switch to supplement the water into the water cooling tank;
  • the water supply of the boiler is taken from the water in the water cooling tank, and the water of the water cooling tank can be kept at a certain level due to the cyclic heat exchange.
  • the heat balance temperature, the use of the water (with a certain temperature) to the boiler hydration also save energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a plasma with a waste liquid and an exhaust gas recovery processing system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Schematic diagram of the structure of the boiler.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a plasma boiler with a waste liquid and an exhaust gas recovery processing system heated by a plurality of plasma torch heads according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • boiler body round sleeve made of stainless steel, the inner core is a shrink tube
  • the utility model is characterized in that the boiler body 100 is included, the boiler body 100 has a cylindrical shape, water 110 is arranged in the cylinder, and a hollow cylinder is formed in the middle, which is connected with the exhaust gas collection pipe 102, as shown in FIG. .
  • Plasma torch 101 The directly heated inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a water level display 108 penetrating therethrough on the side of the boiler body 100, and a steam outlet valve 114, a gas pressure gauge 115 and a steam pressure explosion-proof device 116 are provided at the upper portion thereof.
  • a plasma torch 101 of the present invention is a thermal plasma driven by a DC arc power source 111 which is comprised of a water-cooled cathode 117 and a water-cooled electrode 118 and 118A having a circular orifice at a cathode 117.
  • An insulating material insulation 119 is provided between the ground electrodes 118 and 118A.
  • the ground electrode portion 118 is made of a copper material which is connected to the 118A portion by a thread.
  • the 118A is made of a stainless steel material, and a water-cooled passage is provided thereon, and the 118 copper section is indirectly water-cooled.
  • the splicing and water cooling method of the ground electrode is such that the temperature at the nozzle of the ground electrode is maintained at more than 300 degrees Celsius so that the mesa 109 of the fixed ground electrode also maintains a high temperature state.
  • the exhaust gas closed cycle recycling system of the present invention comprises a gas conduit 103, a heat exchanger 104 and an air compressor 106 connected in series.
  • the exhaust gas after the combustion of the plasma torch first enters a heat exchanger 104 for heat exchange cooling.
  • the arrows connected to the heat exchanger 104 shown in FIG. 1 represent the influent and the effluent, and the bottom of the heat exchanger 104 is U-shaped.
  • the pipe is provided with a waste liquid and exhaust gas discharge valve 105A at the bottom of the U-shaped pipe.
  • the valve 105A is connected to the waste liquid recovery and exhaust gas treatment system 105.
  • the exhaust gas is absorbed and purified by the system 105 and discharged to the outside, and the waste liquid passes through the discharge valve. 105B recycling.
  • the circulating exhaust gas of the present invention is periodically vented and periodically discharged, and the intake valve 106A of the air compressor 106 is also opened while the waste liquid and exhaust gas discharge valve are opened 105A. Simultaneously open, introduce fresh air, enter the plasma torch for cyclic ionization combustion, the time of ventilation and discharge is completed within 3 minutes, and the interval of ventilation and discharge is more than 30 minutes.
  • the working gas of the plasma torch 101 used in the present invention is a mixed gas of air and a small amount of water and gas.
  • the water gas is obtained by extracting a certain amount of water from a water tank 107 with a water pump. Flowing into the mesa 109 of the fixed ground electrode 118, as shown in FIG. The high temperature of the metal mesa 109 is heated into the internal water to form water vapor, which is then introduced into the two electrodes of the plasma torch 101 to be mixed with the circulating gas to effect ionized combustion.
  • the temperature at the nozzle of the ground electrode 118 is greater than 300 degrees Celsius
  • the cathode 117 of the torch is connected to the cathode output end of the DC arc power source 111, and the nozzle of the ground electrode 118 is fixed to the countertop 109 by the threaded thread. And connected to the boiler body 100 to form a ground electrode.
  • the exhaust gas circulation path is as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 2: the exhaust gas first enters a heat exchanger 104 through the pipe 103 to perform heat exchange cooling on the exhaust gas, and the cooled exhaust gas enters an air compressor 106 again. After being compressed and pressurized, it is returned to the electrodes of the plasma torch for closed-cycle ionization combustion.
  • the water cooling system of the present invention comprises a water tank, a water cooling tank, a water pipe, a circulating water pump and a valve.
  • the arrows marked by the electrodes in Figures 1 and 2 refer to the direction in which the water flows.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a description of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Another structure for generating hot water or steam is a hemispherical shaped boiler body 200 having a circular stainless steel heat conducting plate 203 at the bottom, and a plurality of plasma torches 101 directly heating the heat conducting plate 203.
  • a torch-heated boiler can generate more heat.
  • the heat conducting plate 203 is fixed together by the flange 202 and the hemispherical furnace body 200, and is connected to the ground; a metal collecting hood 201 is arranged between the table top 109 of the fixed plasma torch and the heating plate 203, and the exhaust gas is The collecting hood 201 is collected and then enters the exhaust gas treatment system.
  • the plasma torch structure and the exhaust gas circulation system, the water cooling system, and the waste liquid and exhaust gas recovery processing system used in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种带有废水和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，包含有等离子体炬（101），尾气闭循环再利用系统、水冷系统、废水和废气的回收处理系统等。该等离子体锅炉是采用直流热等离子体炬（101）来直接加热锅炉炉体（100），等离子体炬（101）的工作气体是空气和水气的混合气体，锅炉炉体（100）和喷嘴是与大地连接的地电极，在锅炉炉体（100）的外围设有一个尾气闭循环再利用系统，该系统中设有阀门连接一个废液和废气的回收处理系统，锅炉循环使用的尾气是定时排放处理的，等离子体炬（101）的工作气体空气是定时更新的。

Description

带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，尤其是涉及采用热等离子体炬直接加热锅炉炉体，其尾气可以循环利用一定的时间后定时排放和处理回收利用的等离子体锅炉。
背景技术
传统锅炉是采用石化燃料：煤、油或天燃气，采用这些石化燃料不可避免的会带来废气排放，污染大气环境，传统锅炉必须要添加辅助烟气处理设备，能耗大、使用成本高。
至于过去所见到的电加热管锅炉，由于容易在电极管外壁容易结垢形成热阻层，因此能量转换效率低，不易推广。
大气压热等离子体技术在近几年已得到广泛应用，例如已经用于：等离子体切割、等离子体熔覆、等离子体推进、以及等离子体辅助燃烧对电厂点火等。
CN 101848595A公开了采用高频高压介质阻挡放电电解水蒸汽制氢后在喷到传统锅炉炉膛内助燃的节能锅炉，可以实现节约燃料30％。该发明是利用了传统锅炉，结合一个等离子体制氢设备，在锅炉中添加一些水解氢气来助燃，该发明是对传统石化燃料燃烧锅炉的一种助燃改造。其所采用的等离子体类型是属于介质阻挡放电的低温冷等离子体，由于这种等离子体的温度较低，其制氢效率也很难提高。
CN 104315495A公开了利用锅炉炉膛气的热量对液态水进行加热 生成高温水蒸汽再喷射到炉膛的煤炭中进行助燃燃烧。该发明也是对石化燃料燃烧锅炉的一种助燃改造。
韩国专利号为PCT/KR2010/0040322010.06.22公开了采用燃烧水和废油的混合燃烧，尽管也采用了等离子体加热助燃，但该等离子体是采用氩气作为工作气体，使用成本高，在炉膛内的燃烧仍是在石化燃料基础上的燃烧，不可避免的会产生废气排放物，其尾气仍需要进一步处理。
韩国专利号为1020110032551公开了采用等离子体燃烧炬来加热螺旋水管的一种结构，该结构的等离子体加热效率比较低，很多热量流失到外围空间中，这种加热只能是加热水管的功能，难以产生蒸汽，也不可避免的会代来环境污染。
美国专利号为1020110032551公开了利用反射镜面对等离子体中光子的多次反射，利用光子的振动和辐射能来对水体加热，这种形式的加热效率低，很难制造大容量的锅炉。
本人所提交的专利号为PCT/CN2015/000831公开了尾气闭循环电离燃烧的等离子体锅炉，该锅炉存在几个缺点：(1)锅炉炉体是一个悬浮电极，装配时需要绝缘，这种结构复杂，加热效率低；(2)锅炉尾气是闭循环重复使用，没有定时换气和废物回收装置，不更换新鲜的空气的放热反应会越来越低，因为大部分的循环气体会形成氮氧化物。此外，由于尾气中水气的存在，它与氮氧化物结合会不断形成酸性液体，累积在尾气管道中，这些液体需要定时回收排放；(3)水气的产生是通过超声雾化获得，设备结构复杂，消耗额外的电能等。
发明内容
本发明是采用直流热等离子体炬直接加热锅炉炉底的加热方式，等离子体炬的工作气体是空气和少量水气，不采用任何石化燃料的锅炉，因此不会带来任何碳排放问题。
由于本发明是采用直流热等离子体，其等离子体炬的温度为几千度，这使得进入等离子体炬中的水蒸汽很容易被电离分解成氢气和氧气，实现氢氧的二次燃烧生成水的放热反应，同时N2+3H2会产生放热反应生成2NH3；此外NH3+H2O会产生放热反应生成NH4OH；而N2O5+H2O会产生放热反应生成2HNO3等。因此，尽管该锅炉尽管消耗一部分电能，其引发二次燃烧的高热量释放，使其实际燃烧成本变得非常的低。
本发明锅炉炉体的其中一个结构为圆筒形状，其外围筒体套筒中设有水，中间为缩口的空心筒，等离子体炬是在该空心筒内燃烧直接加热锅炉炉体内壁，该空心筒与尾气闭循环系统贯通。该结构避免了热量的辐射损失。
本发明另一种锅炉炉体结构为半球形状，其底部为一个园形金属导热板，多个等离子体炬头是直接加热该板，这种等离子体锅炉可以产生更多的热量。在该锅炉炉体的侧面设有尾气集气罩，在炉体的内部设有一定量的水，在炉体的底侧设有一个自动补水管和阀门，在炉体侧面设有一个与其贯通的水位显示计和水位传感器，在其上部设有一个蒸汽出口阀门、气体压力表和蒸汽压力防爆器。
本发明等离子体炬是采用直流电弧电源驱动的热等离子体，它是由一个水冷阴极和一个圆形喷口的地电极构成，地电极是由两种不同的金属材料通过螺纹结构连接构成，其中喷口端是采用紫铜材料，其内部不含水冷通道，远离喷口端的材料是采用不锈钢，其内设有水冷通道。采用这种地电极的连接和水冷方式，目的是使得地电极喷口处的温度保持在大于300摄氏度的高温状态，从而保证固定该地电极的台面板温度也处于高温的状态，以便汽化通过其内部的水形成水气。
本发明所述的离子体炬是采用直流放电的形式，其阴极是连接直流电弧电源的阴极输出端，其地电极与锅炉炉体以及台面连接并接大地，地电 极的喷口是通过螺纹形式固定在一个碳钢制成的台面板上。
本发明所述的尾气闭循环再利用系统包括气体管道、换热器和空气压缩机，等离子体炬燃烧后的尾气是先进入到一个换热器进行换热冷却，在换热器的底部形成U形管道，在U形管的底部设有废液和废气排放开关阀门，该阀门连接废液回收和尾气处理系统，尾气经过该系统得到吸收和净化后向外排放，废液得到回收。
在本发明的循环电离燃烧过程中，会不断的产生氮氧化物和生成酸性液体，因此需要定时换气和定时向外排放回收废液，换气是把空气压缩机的进气阀门打开，引入新鲜的空气到等离子体炬进行循环电离燃烧，在换气的同时，连接废液和废气的排放阀门也同步打开，排出尾气管中的废液和废气。换气和排放的时间在3分钟内完成，换气和排放的时间间隔为30分钟以上。
本发明所采用的等离子体炬的工作气体是空气和少量水气组合的混合气体，该水气的获得是利用固定地电极的高温台面来加热蒸发流经其内部的水形成高温水气后，再进入到等离子体炬的两个电极之间与循环气体混合，实现电离燃烧。其具体过程是：由水泵从水箱中抽出一定流量的水，通过水管流入到固定地电极的台面，经高温台面加热并形成水蒸气后进入到炬电极之间。
在本发明所述的水冷系统是包括补水箱、水冷槽、水管、自动开启阀、水位传感器和水泵连接构成。水箱的水是通过水位传感器来控制自动补水阀开关来补充水到水冷槽中；锅炉的补水是取自水冷槽中的水，该水冷槽的水由于循环换热，这些水能保持在一定的热平衡温度，采用该水(具有一定温度)对锅炉补水也起到节能的目的。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步的描述。
图1为本发明实施例一为带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子 体锅炉结构剖视示意图。
图2为本发明实施例二为多个等离子体炬头加热的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉结构剖视示意图。
附图标记清单
100锅炉炉体(不锈钢材料制成的圆形套筒，其内芯是缩口筒)
101等离子体炬
102尾气收集管出气口
103排气管道(不锈钢管制成)
104换热器(不锈钢管制成)
105废液回收和废气处理系统
105A废液和废气排出阀
105B废液回收阀
106空气压缩机
106A空气压缩机吸气口开关
107内设有水泵的水箱
108水位显示仪
109与地电极连接的金属台面板(碳钢板制成)
110锅炉炉体内的水
111等离子体炬直流电弧电源
112补进水口
113蒸汽出口
114阀门
115压力表
116锅炉压力防爆器
116水蒸汽管(金属管)
117水冷阴极(紫铜和钨材料制成)
118地电极(铜材料制成)
118A水冷地电极(不锈钢或碳钢制成)
119绝缘材料(陶瓷或环氧材料)
120定位槽
200半球形状锅炉炉体(碳钢或不锈钢制成)
201集气罩(不锈钢制成)
202金属密封法兰环
203金属导热板(不锈钢板材)
具体实施方式
实施例一
参照附图1给出的是本发明具体实施例一的详细描述。其特征在于：包含锅炉炉体100、该锅炉炉体100为圆筒形状，在筒体中设有水110，中间为缩口的空心筒，它与尾气收集管102贯通，如图1所示。等离子体炬101 直接加热的圆筒内壁，在该锅炉炉体100的侧面设有一个与其贯通的水位显示计108，在其上部设有一个蒸汽出口阀门114、气体压力表115和蒸汽压力防爆器116。
参照附图1和图2，本发明等离子体炬101是采用直流电弧电源111驱动的热等离子体，它是由一个水冷阴极117和一个圆形喷口的水冷地电极118以及118A构成，在阴极117和地电极118以及118A之间设有一个绝缘材料绝缘119。该地电极118部分是由紫铜材料制成，它是通过螺纹与118A部分连接在一起，118A是由不锈钢材料制成，在其上设有水冷通道，而118紫铜段是间接水冷的方式，这种地电极的拼接和水冷方式，其目的是使得地电极喷口处的温度是保持在大于300摄氏度，以便让固定地电极的台面109也同样保持一个高温状态。
参照附图1和图2，本发明尾气闭循环再利用系统包括气体管道103、换热器104和空气压缩机106串联构成。等离子体炬燃烧后的尾气是先进入到一个换热器104进行换热冷却，图1所示的换热器104连接的箭头代表进水和出水，在换热器104的底部是采用U形管道，在U形管的底部设有废液和废气排放阀门105A，该阀门105A连接废液回收和尾气处理系统105，尾气经过该系统105得到吸收和净化后向外排放，废液经过排出阀105B回收。
参照附图1和图2，本发明所述的循环尾气是定时换气和定时向外排放回收的，在废液和废气排放开关阀门打开105A的同时，空气压缩机106的进气阀门106A也同步打开，引入新鲜的空气，进入到等离子体炬进行循环电离燃烧，换气和排放的时间在3分钟内完成，换气和排放的时间间隔为30分钟以上。
参照附图1，本发明所采用的等离子体炬101的工作气体是空气和少量水气组合的混合气体，该水气的获得是从一个带有水泵的水箱107抽出一定流量的水，由水管流入到固定地电极118的台面109中，如图1所示，该 金属台面109的高温加热进入到内部的水，形成水蒸气，再引入到等离子体炬101的两个电极之间与循环气体混合，实现电离燃烧。
等离子体炬101在使用时，其地电极118喷口处的温度是大于300摄氏度，炬的阴极117是连接直流电弧电源111的阴极输出端，地电极118喷口是通过螺纹丝扣的形式固定台面109上，并与锅炉炉体100一并连接大地够成地电极。
本发明中尾气循环路径如图1和图2的箭头所指示的方向：尾气通过管道103先进入到一个换热器104对尾气进行换热冷却，冷却后的尾气再进入到一个空气压缩机106被压缩增压后，再回流到等离子体炬的电极之间进行闭循环电离燃烧。
本发明中水冷系统包括一水箱、水冷槽、水管，循环水泵和阀门等。图1和图2中电极所标定的箭头是指水冷流动的方向。
实施例二
参照图2所示是本发明具体实施例二的描述。用于产生热水或蒸汽的另一种结构为半球形状锅炉炉体200，其底部为一个园形不锈钢导热板203，多个等离子体炬101直接加热该导热板203，这种多个等离子体炬加热的锅炉可以产生更多的热量。该导热板板203通过法兰202和半球形炉体200固定在一起，并连接大地；在固定等离子体炬的台面板109和加热板203之间设有一个金属集气罩201，尾气是由该集气罩201收集后进入到尾气处理系统。实施例二所采用的等离子体炬结构和尾气循环系统、水冷系统以及废液和废气的回收处理系统与实施例一是相同的。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，包含有等离子体燃烧炬，尾气闭循环再利用系统、水冷系统、废液和废气的回收处理系统等。该等离子体锅炉是采用直流热等离子体炬来直接加热锅炉炉体，等离子体炬的工作气体是空气和水气的混合气体，锅炉炉体和喷嘴是与大地连接的地电极，在锅炉炉体的外围设有一个尾气闭循环再利用系统，该系统中设有阀门连接一个废液和废气的回收处理系统，锅炉循环使用的尾气是定时排放处理的，等离子体炬的工作气体空气是定时更新的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：用于产生热水或蒸汽的锅炉炉体可采用空芯的圆筒形状套筒，在外围套筒中设有一定量的水，圆筒中间为缩口的空心筒，该空心筒与尾气闭循环再利用系统贯通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：用于产生热水或蒸汽的另一种锅炉炉体结构为半球形状，其底部为一个园形金属导热板，多个等离子体炬头是直接加热该金属导热板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：在锅炉炉体的底侧设有一个自动补水管和阀门，在炉体侧面设有一个与其贯通的水位显示计和水位传感器，在其上部设有一个蒸汽出口阀门、气体压力表和蒸汽压力防爆器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：等离子体炬是采用直流电弧电源驱动的热等离子体，它是由一个水冷阴极和一个圆形喷口的地电极构成，在阴极和地电极之间设有绝缘材料绝缘，该地电极是由两种不同的金属材料通过螺纹连接构成，其中喷口端的材料不带有水冷通道，另一端的材料是带有水冷通道，等离子体炬在使用时，喷口端部地电极的温度是高于300摄氏度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：离子体炬的地电极喷口端是通过螺纹的形式固定在一个金属台面板上，其阴极是连接直流电弧电源的阴极输出端，地电极是与台面板以及锅炉炉体连接并接大地。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：尾气闭循环再利用系统包括气体管道、换热器和空气压缩机，等离子体炬燃烧后的尾气是先进入到一个换热器进行换热冷却，在换热器的底部设有废液和废气排放阀门，该阀门连接废液和废气回收处理系统，尾气经过该尾气处理系统得到吸收和净化后向外排放，废液得到回收。
  8. 根据权利要求1和6所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：循环尾气是定时换气和定时向外排放并回收的，换气和排放的时间间隔为30分钟以上，换气和排放的时间为3分钟内完成，在废液和废气排放阀门打开的同时，空气压缩机的进气阀门也打开引入新鲜的空气进入到电离燃烧的循环系统。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：该等离子体炬采用的工作气体是空气和少量水气组合的混合气体，该水气的获得是利用固定地电极的金属台面高温来加热流经其内部的水，形成高温水蒸气后引入到等离子体炬的两个电极之间，来实现电离燃烧。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的带有废液和废气回收处理系统的等离子体锅炉，其特征在于：水冷系统是包括水箱、水管、自动开启阀、水位传感器和水泵等连接构成；等离子体炬电极，换热器是由循环水冷却。
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