WO2017138103A1 - 自立運転制御装置、パワーコンディショナ及び自立運転制御方法 - Google Patents
自立運転制御装置、パワーコンディショナ及び自立運転制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/048—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators using a predictor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-sustained operation control device for a distributed power source, a power conditioner, and a self-sustained operation control method for a distributed power source.
- Distributed power sources such as solar cells and fuel cells are equipped with a power conditioner that converts power so that the frequency and voltage are compatible with the commercial power supply in order to be used in conjunction with the commercial power supply.
- a hybrid type distributed power source in which a storage battery is incorporated in such a distributed type power source is also attracting attention.
- the power conditioner corresponding to the hybrid type distributed power source includes a DC / DC converter that adjusts a DC voltage generated by the distributed power source to a predetermined DC voltage value, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter that charges and discharges a storage battery ( Hereinafter, simply referred to as a “DC converter”), an inverter that converts the DC bus voltage to which both DC / DC converters are connected, into an AC voltage, an LC filter that removes high-frequency components from the output of the inverter, and the like. ing.
- the power conditioner disconnects the distributed power source from the distribution line in order to prevent the influence on the operation of the division switch and to ensure the safety of the distribution line operation.
- the DC power of the distributed power source is converted into AC power by the power conditioner, and the power supply is controlled to the independent system without being connected to the commercial system.
- the power conditioner incorporates a control device that controls the distributed power supply.
- the control device includes a current control block that controls the inverter so that an alternating current synchronized with the phase of the commercial grid voltage is output from the inverter during commercial grid interconnection operation, and a predetermined level legally stipulated in the independent grid when disconnected.
- a voltage control block for controlling the inverter so that a voltage is output is provided.
- the legally prescribed voltage levels are defined in Article 26 of the Electricity Business Act and Article 44 of the Enforcement Regulations of the Act in Japan.
- 101 ⁇ 6V and standard voltage 200V for standard voltage 100V. Is a voltage within 202 ⁇ 20V.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an inverter device for a distributed power source for suppressing fluctuations in the output voltage of an inverter device caused by load fluctuations during a self-sustained operation within a predetermined allowable range.
- the inverter device includes: a first determination circuit that determines an output voltage set value by stepwise switching so that the inverter output voltage is within an allowable range based on detection of load current; and an inverter based on detection of load voltage It has a second determination circuit that determines the output voltage setting value by stepwise switching so that the output voltage falls within the allowable range.
- the first determination circuit sets the output voltage by detecting the load current. The value is updated so that the output voltage setting value is maintained from the time of the occurrence of a system power failure to the disconnection of the interconnection switch. After the disconnection of the interconnection switch, the output voltage is detected by detecting the load voltage in the second determination circuit.
- a first determination circuit that enters a standby state in which a set value is updated, and outputs an output voltage command based on an output voltage set value based on detection of a load current after switching from the current control mode to the voltage control mode Et al., And a voltage control circuit to switch to the second decision circuit for delivering an output voltage command based on the output voltage set value due to the detection of the load voltage.
- Patent Document 2 in order to suppress a rush current generated in a load connected to a self-supporting system and to ensure a stable self-sustaining operation, a rush current due to a load connected to the self-supporting system is smaller than a predetermined current value.
- a power conditioner including a current suppressing circuit that limits the current.
- the inverter device for a distributed power source disclosed in Patent Document 1 needs to be provided with a dedicated load current sensor for measuring the load current, and the cost of components and construction costs including the peripheral circuit of the current sensor increases. was there.
- the power conditioner disclosed in Patent Document 2 also includes a dedicated current suppression circuit for suppressing the inrush current, and it is necessary to incorporate a complicated control algorithm corresponding to the current suppression circuit, resulting in increased component costs. There was a problem.
- Patent Document 3 the inventors of the present application have provided a sensor without detecting a load current, and have been stable without providing special parts even in a situation where an inrush current occurs.
- a self-sustained operation control device for a distributed power source that can be controlled to an output voltage has been proposed.
- An inverter that converts DC generated power into AC power and an LC filter that removes harmonic components from the output of the inverter, and a distributed power source that is configured to supply power to a stand-alone system when the commercial power source drops below a predetermined voltage
- a self-sustaining operation control device comprises a load current estimating unit for estimating a load current i load supplied to autonomous systems on the basis of the output current i inv and the output voltage e sd inverter, the output voltage e sd and load current i
- This is a self-sustaining operation control device for a distributed power source that performs feedback control so that an output voltage command value e * sd is output from an inverter based on load .
- the load current estimation unit estimates the branch current ic flowing through the capacitor of the LC filter based on the output current i inv and the output voltage esd , and subtracts the branch current ic from the output current i inv to thereby load current i load. Is calculated.
- the electrolytic capacitor connected to the DC bus voltage V dc is similarly used. There is a case where the DC bus voltage V dc drops for a moment due to discharge to the load side first.
- the overcurrent protection circuit incorporated in the inverter when activated, the operation of the power conditioner stops, and there is a problem that the power conditioner cannot be restored unless a reset operation is performed by an operator.
- the time of an overload means when an inrush current flows through a coil mainly when an inductive load is connected.
- the object of the present invention can be controlled to a stable output voltage without providing a sensor for detecting a load current and without providing any special parts even in an overload situation. It is in providing a self-sustained operation control device, a power conditioner, and a self-sustained operation control method.
- the first characteristic configuration of the self-sustained operation control device is that the input DC bus voltage V dc is converted into the AC output voltage as described in claim 1 of the claims. And an inverter for converting the output to the inverter and an LC filter for removing harmonic components from the output of the inverter.
- the inverter is incorporated into a distributed power source configured to be capable of grid interconnection operation or independent operation, and output current i inv and output voltage e of the inverter Based on sd ,
- a load current estimation unit that estimates a load current i load supplied to the independent system, and an output voltage command value e * sd is output from the inverter based on the output voltage e sd and the load current i load.
- a self-sustained operation control device including a feedback control unit that PWM-controls the inverter with a duty ratio that is feedback-calculated, wherein the feedback control unit normalizes the output voltage esd with the DC bus voltage Vdc based on the normalized output voltage x sd and the load current i load normalized normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc load current x load, normal to the output voltage command value e * sd in the DC bus voltage V dc It said inverter feedback calculated duty ratio u * d as phased normalized output voltage command value x * sd is output to PWM control There is the point that has been made.
- Feedback control in order to output an AC voltage of a predetermined voltage range to self system, as shown in equation (1), detects an output current i inv and the output voltage e sd inverter by the load current estimating unit, which detects The load current i load supplied to the independent system is estimated based on the value, and the output voltage command value e * sd is output from the inverter based on the detected output voltage e sd and the estimated load current i Load. To do. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a current sensor for detecting the load current, and the component cost for that purpose can be reduced.
- s shown in [Equation 1] is a Laplace operator (Laplace variable).
- the output voltage e sd , the load current i load , and the output voltage command value e * sd are normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc , the normalized output voltage x sd , the normalized load current x load , and the normalized output
- a duty ratio u * d obtained by feedback calculation based on the voltage command value x * sd is obtained. That is, even when the DC bus voltage V dc varies, the duty ratio u * d is calculated based on the varied value. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of a situation in which the duty ratio u * d sticks to the upper limit value or near the upper limit value without applying special restriction processing.
- the normalized output voltage command value x * sd has a coefficient a (a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2), the DC bus voltage immediately before the start of the independent operation is expressed as V dc.
- a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2
- V dc the DC bus voltage immediately before the start of the independent operation
- the normalized load current x load has a coefficient b (b is 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 2), and the rated output power is P sd. rated , the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value is set to E * sd. As max , the following formula There is a point that is limited based on.
- max is the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value, 2P sd. rated / E * sd.
- the value of max is the minimum current value that satisfies the rated output power.
- the coefficient b is a coefficient used for adjusting the suppression level.
- the feedback control unit sets the normalized output voltage x sd to a predetermined value.
- AC that feedback-calculates the normalized output current command value x * inv obtained by normalizing the output current command value i * inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc so that the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is maintained.
- the normalized output current command value x * inv Based on the voltage control unit, the normalized output current command value x * inv , the normalized output current x inv obtained by normalizing the output current i inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc , and the normalized load current x load
- the inverter is provided with an AC current control unit that performs a feedback calculation of the duty ratio u * d of the inverter so that the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is output from the inverter.
- the normalized output current command value x * inv of the inverter is calculated by, for example, PID control and is sent to the AC current control unit. Entered.
- the inverter duty ratio u * d is calculated by PID control.
- the load current estimation unit calculates the output current i inv of the inverter as described above.
- normalized normalized branch current i c flowing to the capacitor of the LC filter based normalizing the DC bus voltage V dc was normalized output current x inv on the normalized output voltage x sd at the DC bus voltage V dc branch current estimates the x c, from the normalized output current x inv in that it is configured to calculate said normalized load current x load by subtracting the normalized branch current x c.
- the normalized branch current x c flowing in the capacitor of the LC filter is estimated, and the normalized branch current x c is subtracted from the normalized output current x inv. Then, the normalized load current x load is calculated.
- the sixth feature configuration includes the load current i load at a first predetermined time immediately after the start of independent operation.
- a first error processing unit for controlling the inverter to stop is provided.
- the inverter When it can be determined based on the estimated value that an excessive load current has flowed at the moment when the load is connected to the self-supporting system, the inverter is stopped by the first error processing unit, and the inverter is protected. For example, several msec. Which occurs when power is supplied to a DC load having a full bridge or a half bridge. When there is a possibility that the switching element of the inverter may be destroyed by a large spike-like noise current, for example, it becomes possible to cope with a short-circuit accident that cannot normally occur.
- the seventh feature configuration is rated at a second predetermined time after the first predetermined time has elapsed.
- a second error processing unit for stopping and controlling the inverter is provided.
- the inverter is stopped and controlled by the second error processing unit.
- the inverter can be protected by avoiding the influence of the inrush current flowing in the inductive load such as an air conditioner or a cleaner.
- a storage battery and a DC converter that charges and discharges the storage battery are provided in the distributed power source.
- an output current command value i * BAT of the DC converter is feedback-calculated by the DC voltage control unit so that the DC bus voltage Vdc is maintained at a predetermined target DC bus voltage command value V * dc .
- the duty ratio d of the DC converter is such that the DC period control unit outputs the DC bus voltage command value V * dc from the DC converter based on the output current command value i * BAT and the output current iBAT of the DC converter.
- * BAT is feedback calculated.
- the DC converter is PWM controlled with the duty ratio d * BAT .
- the characteristic configuration of the power conditioner according to the present invention includes an inverter that converts the input DC bus voltage V dc into an AC output voltage, and an LC filter that removes harmonic components from the output of the inverter as described in claim 9. And the output voltage of the inverter is controlled by a self-sustained operation control device having any one of the first to eighth characteristic configurations described above.
- the first characteristic configuration of the self-sustained operation control method according to the present invention is an inverter that converts the input DC bus voltage V dc into an AC voltage and removes harmonic components from the output of the inverter as described in claim 10. executed by autonomous operation control device incorporated in the constructed distributed power sources capable system interconnection operation or isolated operation with LC-filter, based on the output current i inv and the output voltage e sd of the inverter, the following With the formula A load current estimation step for estimating a load current i load supplied to the independent system, and an output voltage command value e * sd is output from the inverter based on the output voltage e sd and the load current i load.
- a self-sustained operation control method comprising a feedback control step for PWM-controlling the inverter with a duty ratio calculated by feedback, wherein the feedback control step is a normalization in which the output voltage esd is normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc
- the output voltage command value e * sd is normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc based on the normalized load current x load obtained by normalizing the normalized output voltage x sd and the load current i load by the DC bus voltage V dc
- said inverter PW at the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is returned computed as the output duty ratio u * d In that it is configured to control.
- the normalized output voltage command value x * sd has a coefficient a (a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2), the DC bus voltage immediately before the start of the independent operation is expressed as V dc.
- a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2
- V dc the DC bus voltage immediately before the start of the independent operation
- the normalized load current x load has a coefficient b (b is 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 2), and the rated output power is P sd. rated , the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value is set to E * sd. As max , the following formula There is a point to be limited based on.
- the feedback control step sets the normalized output voltage x sd to a predetermined value.
- AC that feedback-calculates the normalized output current command value x * inv obtained by normalizing the output current command value i * inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc so that the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is maintained.
- the load current estimation step may include the output current i inv of the inverter.
- normalized normalized branch current i c flowing to the capacitor of the LC filter based normalizing the DC bus voltage V dc was normalized output current x inv on the normalized output voltage x sd at the DC bus voltage V dc branch current estimates the x c, from the normalized output current x inv in that it is configured to calculate said normalized load current x load by subtracting the normalized branch current x c.
- the sixth feature configuration includes the load current i load at a first predetermined time immediately after the start of independent operation.
- a first error processing step for stopping the inverter is provided.
- the seventh feature configuration is rated at a second predetermined time after the first predetermined time has elapsed.
- a second error processing step for stopping the inverter is provided.
- a storage battery and a DC converter that charges and discharges the storage battery are provided in the distributed power source.
- a self-sustained operation that can be controlled to a stable output voltage without providing a sensor for detecting a load current and without providing special parts even in an overload situation.
- a control device, a power conditioner, and a self-sustained operation control method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a distributed power source to which a self-sustained operation control device for a distributed power source is applied.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a connection relationship among a commercial power supply, a distribution board, and a distributed power supply.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit explanatory diagram of a power conditioner to be controlled by the autonomous operation control device.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional autonomous operation control algorithm.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an autonomous operation control algorithm according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the error check process.
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment, and is a circuit explanatory diagram of a power conditioner to be controlled by the autonomous operation control device.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a distributed power source to which a self-sustained operation control device for a distributed power source is applied.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a connection relationship among a commercial power supply, a distribution
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a self-sustained operation control algorithm for a DC converter connected to a storage battery according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 9A is a parameter explanatory diagram of a confirmation experiment of the autonomous operation control algorithm
- FIG. 9B is an explanatory diagram of a load device connected to the autonomous system.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result of the autonomous operation control algorithm.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result of the autonomous operation control algorithm.
- FIG. 1 shows a solar power generation device 1 which is an example of a distributed power source.
- the solar power generation device 1 includes a solar cell panel SP and a power conditioner PC to which the solar cell panel SP is connected.
- the DC power generated by the solar cell panel SP is supplied to the power conditioner PC via the DC circuit breaker 6 and the surge absorber 7.
- the power conditioner PC converts the DC voltage generated by the solar cell panel SP to a predetermined DC link voltage Vdc and converts the boosted DC link voltage Vdc into a predetermined AC voltage.
- An inverter 3, an LC filter 4 that removes harmonics from the AC voltage output from the inverter 3, a DC / DC converter 2, a control device 5 that controls the inverter 3, and the like are provided.
- the AC power converted by the power conditioner PC is configured to be connected to the commercial power supply 100 via the surge absorber 8 and the commercial grid connection relay Sgrid, and is connected to the commercial grid power supply 100 (load1). ) Will be fed. It will be powered to disconnection from the commercial system power source 100 and the self-supporting system relay S std connected autonomous load through the (load2).
- the control device 5 of the power conditioner PC includes a converter control unit 5a that controls a boost switch of the DC / DC converter 2 and an inverter control unit 5b that controls a switch that forms a bridge of the inverter 3, and each includes a microcomputer and a control unit 5b.
- the peripheral circuit includes a memory element, an input / output element, and the like.
- the converter control unit 5a monitors the input voltage, input current, and output voltage to the DC / DC converter 2 and performs MPPT control to operate the solar panel SP at the maximum power point, and boosts it to a predetermined output voltage. Operate to control.
- the inverter control unit 5b includes a current control block that controls the output current of the inverter so as to synchronize with the phase of the commercial system voltage when the commercial system is connected, and a voltage control block that supplies AC power of a predetermined voltage to the independent system when disconnected. And a functional block such as an isolated operation detection block that detects whether or not the system is in an isolated operation state during grid connection.
- the self-sustained operation control device of the present invention is configured by a part of the functional blocks of the control device 5 including the voltage control block.
- FIG. 2 shows the connection relationship between the commercial power supply 100 and the photovoltaic power generator 1.
- Six-phase AC power of 6,600V is transmitted by the high-voltage distribution line composed of the three overhead lines W1, W2, W3, and the high-voltage distribution line is connected to the pole transformer 101 installed in the distribution column near the customer. Power is input from two overhead lines W1 and W3 for one phase.
- the voltage of 6,600V is stepped down to a single-phase voltage of 200V by the pole transformer 101, and an intermediate tap of 200V is taken out as a neutral line, 100V between the single line and the neutral line, and 200V between the lines. Is obtained.
- the neutral wire is connected to the neutral wire grounding pole near the distribution pole and grounded.
- the output of the pole transformer 101 is output to the low-voltage distribution lines L1, L2, and L3 installed on the distribution pole, and is configured on the distribution board 102 in the customer premises via the low-voltage lead-in lines N1, N2, and N3.
- the main circuit 104 is connected to the main circuit leakage breaker 103 or the like.
- a watt-hour meter for power purchase Wh1 and a watt-hour meter for power sale Wh2 are connected to the low-voltage lead-in line.
- a power supply line 105 is connected to the main circuit 104 via a breaker CB, and power is supplied from each power supply line 105 to the local load load1.
- the output terminal of the power conditioner PC photovoltaic power generator 1 is configured to be connectable to the main circuit 104 via the relay S grid commercial system interconnection, self via the relay S std and breaker CB for autonomous systems
- the self-supporting load load 2 connected to the power supply line 106 of the system is configured to be able to supply power.
- the installation location of the independent system relay S std and the breaker CB is not limited to the distribution board 102 for the commercial system.
- a power conditioner PC that outputs AC200V single-phase three-wire AC voltage during commercial grid operation and AC100V single-phase AC voltage during autonomous operation will be described as an example.
- a power conditioner PC that sometimes outputs an AC 200 V single-phase three-wire AC voltage may be used.
- the current control block of the inverter controller 5b controls the output current of the inverter so as to synchronize with the phase of the system voltage by closing the commercial system connection relay Sgrid during the commercial system connection operation, and the independent operation detection block When the isolated operation state is detected, the commercial grid interconnection relay Sgrid is opened and disconnected from the grid .
- the self-sustaining operation control device controls the inverter 3 so that a stable output voltage can be obtained regardless of the fluctuation of the load current. This will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit of the self-sustaining operation control device 50, the step-up DC / DC converter 2A for generating power from the solar battery panel SP, the inverter 3, and the LC filter 4. From FIG. 3, in order to utilize the natural energy of the solar battery panel SP, the boosting DC / DC converter 2A is always subjected to maximum output power control (MPPT control) or CV mode control.
- MPPT control maximum output power control
- CV mode control maximum output power control
- V PV shown in FIG. 3 is the input voltage of the solar panel SP
- i PV is the output current of the solar panel SP
- V dc is the DC link voltage
- C dc is the electrolytic capacitor for the DC link voltage
- S 1 to S 4 Is the switching element of the inverter 3
- e inv is the output voltage of the inverter 3
- i inv is the output current of the inverter 3
- L f and C f are LC filters
- R f is the internal resistance of the inductor L f
- R c is the AC side
- esd is the output voltage of the LC filter 4 during self-sustained operation
- i c is the current flowing through the AC capacitor C f
- i load is the load current
- R load is the AC load.
- a film capacitor is preferably used as the capacitor, but is not limited to a film capacitor.
- Equation 7 is derived based on Kirchhoff's voltage law
- Equation 8 is derived based on Kirchhoff's current law.
- u d is the PWM duty of the single-phase inverter output.
- [Expression 7] is expressed by a command value as [Expression 12].
- the autonomous operation control device 50 is configured to control the output voltage of the inverter 3 during the autonomous operation based on the estimated value of the load current i load described above.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow of a conventional voltage control algorithm (algorithm disclosed in Patent Document 3) executed by the autonomous operation control device 50.
- the independent operation control device 50 includes load current estimation units 51 and 52 and feedback control units 53, 54 and 55.
- Load current estimating unit 51 is a block for estimating a load current i load supplied to autonomous systems on the basis of the output voltage e sd output current i inv and LC filter 4 of the inverter 3.
- the feedback control units 53, 54, 55 are blocks that perform feedback control so that the output voltage command value e * sd is output from the inverter 3 to the load based on the output voltage esd and the load current iload .
- the feedback control unit 53, 54, and 55 return operation to the output voltage e sd to maintain a predetermined output voltage command value e * sd calculates the output current command value i * inv of the inverter 3 and an AC voltage control unit 53, a feedback operation so that the output voltage command value e * sd from the inverter 3 to the load based on the calculated output current command value i * inv and the output current i inv load current i load is output And AC current control units 54 and 55 for calculating the duty u * d of the inverter.
- a PID calculation can be suitably used as the feedback calculation, and the AC voltage control unit 53 outputs the output current as a linear function that multiplies the difference (deviation) between the output voltage esd and the output voltage command value e * sd by the proportional gain K ip.
- the command value i * inv can be set.
- the alternating current control unit 54 can set the duty u * d as a linear function by multiplying the difference (deviation) between the output current i inv and the output current command value i * inv by the proportional gain K ip , By treating the estimated load current i load as a disturbance and setting the proportional gain K ip variably in accordance with the magnitude, the control responsiveness can be improved.
- the PID control can be configured by combining not only proportional control but also differential control and integral control.
- the output of the AC current control unit 54 is divided by the DC bus voltage V dc.
- the obtained duty ratio u * d is input as a final control value to the PWM control unit 57, and the switching elements S 1 to S 4 of the inverter 3 are PWM-controlled and the harmonic noise is removed via the LC filter 4. Voltage is output.
- a limiter 56 is provided for performing a limiting process so that the value obtained by dividing the output of the AC current control unit 54 by the DC bus voltage V dc falls within the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ u * d ⁇ 1.
- an inrush current flows through an inductive load such as an air conditioner or a cleaner, resulting in overload, and if the supply of generated power from the solar cell is not in time, it is connected to the DC bus voltage V dc
- the electrolytic bus capacitor is discharged to the load side first, and the DC bus voltage V dc drops momentarily.
- branch current i c flowing to the capacitor C f determined by the load current estimating unit 51, 52 is reduced, the estimate of the load current i load is to be raised momentarily accordingly.
- the calculated duty ratio u * d may stick to the upper limit value or the vicinity of the upper limit value restricted by the restriction process, and an excessive current may continue to flow.
- FIG. 5 shows a self-sustained operation control device 50A of the present invention in which the countermeasure is taken.
- Feedback controller 53A with the autonomous operation controller 50A, 54A may normalize the output voltage e sd a DC bus voltage V dc normalized output voltage normalized by the x sd and the load current i load in the DC bus voltage V dc Based on the normalized load current xload , the duty ratio u * obtained by feedback calculation so that the normalized output voltage command value x * sd obtained by normalizing the output voltage command value e * sd with the DC bus voltage Vdc is output .
- the inverter is PWM controlled by d .
- Equation 13 shows an arithmetic expression for normalization
- Equation 14 shows Kirchhoff's voltage law after normalization
- the output voltage e sd , the load current i load , and the output voltage command value e * sd are normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc , and the normalized output voltage x sd and the normalized load current x load
- the duty ratio u * d obtained by feedback calculation based on the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is obtained.
- the duty ratio u * d is calculated based on the changed value, so that the duty ratio u * d is not limited even if special restriction processing is not performed. Occurrence of a situation sticking to the vicinity of the value or the upper limit value is effectively suppressed.
- the feedback control unit normalizes the output current command value i * inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc so as to maintain the normalized output voltage x sd at a predetermined normalized output voltage command value x * sd.
- AC voltage control unit 53A that performs a feedback operation on the normalized output current command value x * inv that has been normalized, and normalization that normalizes the normalized output current command value x * inv and the output current i inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc It includes an alternating current control unit 54A for feedback calculating the duty ratio u * d of the inverter as normalized output voltage command value x * sd from the inverter is outputted based on the output current x inv and the normalized load current x load Yes.
- the load current estimators 51A and 52A are configured to branch current flowing through the capacitor of the LC filter based on the normalized output current x inv obtained by normalizing the output current i inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc and the normalized output voltage x sd the i c estimates the normalized normalized branch current x c in the DC bus voltage V dc, to calculate a normalized load current x load by subtracting the normalized branch current x c from the normalized output current x inv It is configured.
- PID control calculation is performed by the AC voltage control unit 53A, and the normalized output current command value x * inv of the inverter is obtained to maintain the normalized output voltage x sd at the normalized output voltage command value x * sd .
- the normalized output current command value x * inv is input to the alternating current control unit 54A.
- PID control calculation is performed by the AC current control unit 54A, and the normalized output voltage command value x is output from the inverter based on the normalized output current command value x * inv , the normalized output current x inv, and the normalized load current x load.
- Duty ratio u * d from which sd is output is calculated.
- the PWM controller 57 controls the inverter with the duty ratio u * d .
- the output voltage esd is controlled to be stable even during an overload in which the current flowing through the load connected to the self-supporting system varies greatly.
- the basic algorithm of the feedback calculation is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 4, and the PID calculation can be suitably used.
- the AC voltage control unit 53A sets the normalized output current command value x * inv as a linear function that multiplies the difference (deviation) between the normalized output voltage x sd and the normalized output voltage command value x * sd by the proportional gain K ip. can do.
- the alternating current control unit 54A may set the duty u * d as a linear function that multiplies the difference (deviation) between the normalized output current x inv and the normalized output current command value x * inv by the proportional gain K ip. It is possible to improve the control response by treating the normalized load current x load estimated at this time as a disturbance and setting the proportional gain K ip variably according to the magnitude.
- the AC voltage control unit 53A is preferably configured to limit the normalized output voltage command value x * sd according to [Equation 15].
- the coefficient a in [Equation 15] is a real number of 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, and V dc. ini is a DC bus voltage immediately before the start of the autonomous operation.
- the AC current control unit 54A is preferably configured to limit the normalized load current xload according to [Equation 16].
- the coefficient b in [Equation 16] is a real number of 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 2, and P sd. rated is the rated output power, E * sd. max is the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value.
- max is the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value, 2P sd. rated / E * sd.
- the value of max is the minimum current value that satisfies the rated output power.
- the self-sustained operation control device 50A has a load current i load that is the maximum current of the switching element of the inverter at a first predetermined time T 1 (1 to 2 msec. In this embodiment) immediately after the start of the self-sustaining operation.
- a first error processing unit is provided for stopping the inverter.
- the independent operation control device 50A has the rated output power P sd.
- a second error processing unit is provided to stop the inverter when the rate is exceeded.
- the coefficient k is a real number of 1.5 ⁇ k ⁇ 2.
- the first error processing unit and the second error processing unit may be included in the independent operation control device 50A, and may be incorporated in the feedback control units 53A and 54A.
- the first error processing unit controls the inverter to stop and protects the inverter.
- the first predetermined time is 10 msec. Can be set as appropriate.
- the inverter is stopped and controlled by the second error processing unit.
- the inverter can be protected by avoiding the influence of the inrush current flowing in the inductive load such as an air conditioner or a cleaner.
- the distributed power source 1 is further provided with a storage battery BAT such as a lithium ion battery, and a bidirectional step-up / step-down DC / DC converter 2B (hereinafter simply referred to as a battery pack BAT) that charges and discharges the storage battery BAT to the power conditioner PC. It is preferable that a converter control unit for controlling the DC converter 2B is provided.
- a storage battery BAT such as a lithium ion battery
- a bidirectional step-up / step-down DC / DC converter 2B hereinafter simply referred to as a battery pack BAT
- a converter control unit for controlling the DC converter 2B is provided.
- the DC bus voltage Vdc can be stabilized by the DC converter 2B even if the power generated by the solar panel SP varies and the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 2A varies.
- the converter control unit 60 incorporated in the autonomous operation control device 50 includes a DC voltage control unit 61, a DC feedback control unit including DC current control units 62 and 63, and a switch of the DC converter 2B. and a PWM control unit 64 which controls the S BAT.
- the DC voltage control unit 61 is configured to perform a feedback calculation on the output current command value i * BAT of the DC converter so as to maintain the DC bus voltage Vdc at a predetermined target DC bus voltage command value V * dc .
- DC current control units 62 and 63 control value V so that target DC bus voltage command value V * dc is output from DC converter 2B based on output current command value i * BAT and output current iBAT of DC converter 2B. It is configured to calculate a duty ratio d * BAT for PWM control by performing a feedback operation on dc ⁇ d * BAT and dividing the control value by the DC bus voltage Vdc .
- the feedback control step is based on the normalized output voltage x sd obtained by normalizing the output voltage e sd by the DC bus voltage V dc and the normalized load current x load obtained by normalizing the load current i load by the DC bus voltage V dc.
- the inverter is PWM controlled with a duty ratio u * d that is feedback-calculated so that a normalized output voltage command value x * sd obtained by normalizing the output voltage command value e * sd with the DC bus voltage Vdc is output. It is configured.
- the normalized output voltage command value x * sd has a coefficient a (a is a real number of 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2), and a DC bus voltage immediately before the start of independent operation is V dc. Ini is configured to be limited based on the above [ Equation 15].
- the normalized load current x load has a coefficient b (b is a real number of 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 2) and a rated output power P sd. rated , the maximum value of the independent system voltage command value is set to E * sd. The maximum value is configured to be limited based on the above [Equation 16].
- the feedback control step includes an AC voltage control step and an AC current control step.
- AC voltage control step so as to maintain the normalized output voltage x sd to a predetermined normalized output voltage command value x * sd, normalizes the output current command value i * inv of the inverter in the DC bus voltage V dc regular
- the output current command value x * inv is calculated by feedback.
- the AC current control step is executed by the inverter based on the normalized output current x inv and the normalized load current x load obtained by normalizing the normalized output current command value x * inv and the output current i inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc.
- the inverter duty ratio u * d is feedback-calculated so that the normalized output voltage command value x * sd is output.
- the load current estimation step includes a branching current i c flowing through the capacitor of the LC filter based on the normalized output current x inv obtained by normalizing the output current i inv of the inverter with the DC bus voltage V dc and the normalized output voltage x sd. estimates the normalized branch current x c normalized by the DC bus voltage V dc, and configured to calculate a normalized load current x load by subtracting the normalized branch current x c from the normalized output current x inv Has been.
- a first error processing step for stopping the inverter is provided.
- a second error processing step for stopping the inverter is provided.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of an experiment that employs the above-described self-sustained operation control method and evaluates the control characteristics of the output voltage in the case of overload.
- FIG. 9A shows circuit parameter setting values during the experiment.
- FIG. 9B shows a list of household loads used for confirming the performance of the control method during the independent operation.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of an experiment in which power is supplied to the load conditions 1, 2, and 3 in FIG.
- the load current i load is limited and the amplitude value of the independent system voltage esd is also suppressed. confirmed. After that, it was confirmed that the load current for driving all the household loads was suppressed, and at the same time, the independent system voltage was also suppressed and then gradually recovered. At this time, no overcurrent error was detected.
- FIG. 11 shows experimental results only for load condition 4 (refrigerator) in FIG. 9B. It was confirmed that the load condition 4 required to supply output power of 2000 W or more in about 0.8 seconds in order to drive the compressor of the refrigerator. It was also confirmed that the maximum output power was about 2500W. It has been shown that the control system and the two-stage error processing of the present invention can be used for a motor load device such as a refrigerator. Moreover, after starting, it confirmed that about 400W was consumed in the steady state.
- the embodiment described above is merely an example of a self-sustained operation control device, a power conditioner, and a self-sustained operation control method for a distributed power source according to the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the description. Needless to say, as long as the operational effects of the present invention can be achieved, a specific control algorithm can be appropriately designed to change the hardware configuration for control.
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Abstract
Description
前記自立系統に供給される負荷電流iloadを推定する負荷電流推定部と、前記出力電圧esd及び前記負荷電流iloadに基づいて前記インバータから出力電圧指令値e* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比で前記インバータをPWM制御する帰還制御部とを備えている自立運転制御装置であって、前記帰還制御部は、前記出力電圧esdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧xsd及び前記負荷電流iloadを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて、前記出力電圧指令値e* sdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比u* dで前記インバータをPWM制御するように構成されている点にある。
に基づいて制限されている点にある。
に基づいて制限されている点にある。
前記自立系統に供給される負荷電流iloadを推定する負荷電流推定ステップと、前記出力電圧esd及び前記負荷電流iloadに基づいて前記インバータから出力電圧指令値e* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比で前記インバータをPWM制御する帰還制御ステップを備えている自立運転制御方法であって、前記帰還制御ステップは、前記出力電圧esdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧xsd及び前記負荷電流iloadを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて、前記出力電圧指令値e* sdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比u* dで前記インバータをPWM制御するように構成されている点にある。
に基づいて制限される点にある。
に基づいて制限される点にある。
また〔数8〕の負荷電流iloadは〔数10〕から求める。ここで、icはLCフィルタ4を構成するコンデンサCfに流れる電流である。また、icは〔数11〕に示すように、コンデンサCf、内部抵抗Rc及び自立運転の出力電圧esdから推定できる。
交流電圧制御ステップは、正規化出力電圧xsdを所定の正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdに維持するように、インバータの出力電流指令値i* invを直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流指令値x* invを帰還演算するように構成されている。
2:DC/DCコンバータ
3:インバータ
4:LCフィルタ
50:自立運転制御装置
51,52:負荷電流推定部
53:交流出力電圧制御部
54:交流出力電流制御部
100:商用系統電源
PC:パワーコンディショナ
SP:太陽電池パネル
S1,S2,S3,S4:インバータブリッジに備えたスイッチング素子
SPV:太陽電池パネル用のDC/DCコンバータのスイッチング素子
SBAT:直電池用の双方向DC/DCコンバータのスイッチング素子
Claims (17)
- 入力された直流バス電圧Vdcを交流出力電圧に変換するインバータと前記インバータの出力から高調波成分を除去するLCフィルタを備え系統連系運転または自立運転可能に構成された分散型電源に組み込まれ、前記インバータの出力電流iinv及び出力電圧esdに基づいて、以下の数式により、
前記自立系統に供給される負荷電流iloadを推定する負荷電流推定部と、前記出力電圧esd及び前記負荷電流iloadに基づいて前記インバータから出力電圧指令値e* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比で前記インバータをPWM制御する帰還制御部とを備えている自立運転制御装置であって、
前記帰還制御部は、前記出力電圧esdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧xsd及び前記負荷電流iloadを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて、前記出力電圧指令値e* sdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比u* dで前記インバータをPWM制御するように構成されている自立運転制御装置。 - 前記帰還制御部は、前記正規化出力電圧xsdを所定の正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdに維持するように、前記インバータの出力電流指令値i* invを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流指令値x* invを帰還演算する交流電圧制御部と、前記正規化出力電流指令値x* invと前記インバータの出力電流iinvを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流xinvと前記正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて前記インバータから前記正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように前記インバータのデューティ比u* dを帰還演算する交流電流制御部を備えている請求項1から3の何れかに記載の自立運転制御装置。
- 前記負荷電流推定部は、前記インバータの出力電流iinvを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流xinvと前記正規化出力電圧xsdに基づいて前記LCフィルタのコンデンサに流れる分岐電流icを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化分岐電流xcを推定し、前記正規化出力電流xinvから前記正規化分岐電流xcを減算することにより前記正規化負荷電流xloadを算出するように構成されている請求項1から4の何れかに記載の分散型電源の自立運転制御装置。
- 自立運転開始直後の第1の所定時間に前記負荷電流iloadが前記インバータのスイッチング素子の最大電流Imaxを超えると、前記インバータを停止制御する第1エラー処理部を備えている請求項1から5の何れかに記載の自立運転制御装置。
- 前記第1の所定時間経過後の第2の所定時間に定格出力電力を上回る電力閾値を超えると、前記インバータを停止制御する第2エラー処理部を備えている請求項1から6の何れかに記載の自立運転制御装置。
- 前記分散型電源に蓄電池と前記蓄電池を充放電する直流コンバータがさらに設けられ、
前記直流バス電圧Vdcを所定の目標直流バス電圧指令値V* dcに維持するように前記直流コンバータの出力電流指令値i* BATを帰還演算する直流電圧制御部と、前記出力電流指令値i* BATと前記直流コンバータの出力電流iBATに基づいて前記直流コンバータから前記目標直流バス電圧指令値V* dcが出力されるように帰還演算した前記直流コンバータのデューティ比d* BATで前記直流コンバータをPWM制御する直流電流制御部とを備えた直流帰還制御部を備えている請求項1から7の何れかに記載の自立運転制御装置。 - 入力された直流バス電圧Vdcを交流出力電圧に変換するインバータ及び前記インバータの出力から高調波成分を除去するLCフィルタを備え、請求項1から8の何れかに記載の自立運転制御装置により前記インバータの出力電圧が制御されるように構成されているパワーコンディショナ。
- 入力された直流バス電圧Vdcを交流出力電圧に変換するインバータと前記インバータの出力から高調波成分を除去するLCフィルタを備え系統連系運転または自立運転可能に構成された分散型電源に組み込まれた自立運転制御装置により実行され、前記インバータの出力電流iinv及び出力電圧esdに基づいて、以下の数式により、
前記自立系統に供給される負荷電流iloadを推定する負荷電流推定ステップと、前記出力電圧esd及び前記負荷電流iloadに基づいて前記インバータから出力電圧指令値e* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比で前記インバータをPWM制御する帰還制御ステップを備えている自立運転制御方法であって、
前記帰還制御ステップは、前記出力電圧esdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧xsd及び前記負荷電流iloadを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて、前記出力電圧指令値e* sdを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように帰還演算したデューティ比u* dで前記インバータをPWM制御するように構成されている自立運転制御方法。 - 前記帰還制御ステップは、前記正規化出力電圧xsdを所定の正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdに維持するように、前記インバータの出力電流指令値i* invを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流指令値x* invを帰還演算する交流電圧制御ステップと、前記正規化出力電流指令値x* invと前記インバータの出力電流iinvを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流xinvと前記正規化負荷電流xloadに基づいて前記インバータから前記正規化出力電圧指令値x* sdが出力されるように前記インバータのデューティ比u* dを帰還演算する交流電流制御ステップを備えている請求項10から12の何れかに記載の自立運転制御方法。
- 前記負荷電流推定ステップは、前記インバータの出力電流iinvを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化出力電流xinvと前記正規化出力電圧xsdに基づいて前記LCフィルタのコンデンサに流れる分岐電流icを前記直流バス電圧Vdcで正規化した正規化分岐電流xcを推定し、前記正規化出力電流xinvから前記正規化分岐電流xcを減算することにより前記正規化負荷電流xloadを算出するように構成されている請求項10から13の何れかに記載の分散型電源の自立運転制御方法。
- 自立運転開始直後の第1の所定時間に前記負荷電流iloadが前記インバータのスイッチング素子の最大電流Imaxを超えると、前記インバータを停止制御する第1エラー処理ステップを備えている請求項10から14の何れかに記載の自立運転制御方法。
- 前記第1の所定時間経過後の第2の所定時間に定格出力電力を上回る電力閾値を超えると、前記インバータを停止制御する第2エラー処理ステップを備えている請求項10から15の何れかに記載の自立運転制御方法。
- 前記分散型電源に蓄電池と前記蓄電池を充放電する直流コンバータがさらに設けられ、
前記直流バス電圧Vdcを所定の目標直流バス電圧指令値V* dcに維持するように前記直流コンバータの出力電流指令値i* BATを帰還演算する直流電圧制御ステップと、前記出力電流指令値i* BATと前記直流コンバータの出力電流iBATに基づいて前記直流コンバータから前記目標直流バス電圧指令値V* dcが出力されるように帰還演算した前記直流コンバータのデューティ比d* BATで前記直流コンバータをPWM制御する直流電流制御ステップとを備えた直流帰還制御ステップを備えている請求項10から16の何れかに記載の自立運転制御方法。
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