WO2017131053A1 - 温間加工用高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
温間加工用高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017131053A1 WO2017131053A1 PCT/JP2017/002614 JP2017002614W WO2017131053A1 WO 2017131053 A1 WO2017131053 A1 WO 2017131053A1 JP 2017002614 W JP2017002614 W JP 2017002614W WO 2017131053 A1 WO2017131053 A1 WO 2017131053A1
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- steel sheet
- less
- warm working
- annealing
- warm
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet for warm working excellent in warm workability and a yield ratio after warm working, and a method for producing the same.
- steel sheets used for automotive parts are required to have high strength.
- increasing the strength of a material such as a steel plate generally leads to a decrease in workability, and therefore development of a steel plate excellent in both strength and workability is required.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to a TRIP steel sheet that uses retained austenite to increase impact absorption energy and elongation (hereinafter referred to as EL).
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for obtaining high strength with a low C content by securing a high workability by heating to an austenite single phase and then ensuring high workability.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a retained austenite-containing steel sheet that achieves both excellent elongation and strength even when the heating temperature is lowered to 300 ° C.
- Patent Document 1 the steel sheet described in Patent Document 1 is excellent in impact energy absorption in the case of high strain deformation of 10% or more, and cannot be applied to parts that are not deformed from the viewpoint of securing passenger space such as side collision parts.
- the amount of C in the retained austenite is high, and the yield ratio is lowered due to the high C amount of martensite generated after processing.
- Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that crystal grains become coarse due to high-temperature heating, and the yield ratio becomes poor due to residual fresh martensite. Moreover, since the installation for heating a steel plate at high temperature is required and the running cost is also high, reduction in heating temperature is desired.
- the steel sheet described in Patent Document 2 has a problem in the yield ratio after processing because the C content in the retained austenite is still as high as 0.5% by mass or more, and the warming temperature is not sufficiently lowered.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet for warm working having excellent warm workability and a high yield ratio after warm working, and a method for producing the same.
- C 0.05 to 0.20%, Si: 3.0% or less, Mn: 3.5 to 8.0%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.01 to 3.0%, N: 0.010% or less, and Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.20%, Mo: 0.005 to 1.0%, V: contains one or more selected from 0.005 to 1.0%, the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the structure has an area ratio of 10 to 60% Residual austenite, 10 to 80% ferrite, 10 to 50% martensite, 0 to 5% bainite, and the amount of C in the retained austenite is less than 0.40 mass%, and residual austenite, martensite and ferrite
- the average crystal grain size is 2.0 ⁇ m or less respectively, and the crystal grain Nb, Ti, Mo, high strength and excellent temperature workability and warm working After the high yield ratio by having a carbide containing at least one selected from V can be realized.
- the high strength means that the tensile strength at room temperature (hereinafter also referred to as TS) is 1180 MPa or more, the Vickers hardness HV at room temperature after warm working is 400 or more, and the high yield ratio means after warm working.
- the yield ratio at room temperature is 60% or more, and the excellent warm workability is that EL at 150 ° C. is 27% or more.
- the steel sheet includes a cold-rolled steel sheet and a hot-rolled steel sheet, and further includes these hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. In the case of a steel sheet, when distinction is necessary in the description, it is called differently.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- C 0.05 to 0.20%, Si: 3.0% or less, Mn: 3.5 to 8.0%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.02 %: Al: 0.01 to 3.0%, N: 0.010% or less, and Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.20%, Mo: 0 0.005 to 1.0%, V: containing at least one component selected from 0.005 to 1.0%, with the balance being composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, with an area ratio of 10 to 60% Residual austenite, 10 to 80% ferrite, 10 to 50% martensite, 0 to 5% bainite, and the amount of C in the residual austenite is less than 0.40% by mass, and the residual austenite, martensite and Each ferrite has an average crystal grain size of 2.0 ⁇ m or less and crystals Nb the field, Ti, Mo, having a steel sheet structure having a carbide containing at least one selected from V, high-strength steel sheet for
- a hot rolling step in which a steel having the composition described in [1] or [3] is hot-rolled into a hot-rolled steel plate, a pickling step in which the hot-rolled steel plate is pickled, An annealing heating step of heating the pickled steel plate at a temperature range of 300 to 500 ° C. at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./s or more, further heating to over 680 ° C. to 720 ° C.
- a method for producing a high-strength steel sheet for warm working comprising: an annealing holding step for holding for 1 to 30 s; and an annealing cooling step for cooling from the Ms point to room temperature at an average cooling rate of more than 10 ° C / s.
- Component composition C 0.05 to 0.20% C is an element effective for generating martensite and retained austenite and increasing HV after warm working and EL during warm working (EL at 150 ° C. corresponding to warm working). . If it is less than 0.05%, such an effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of C exceeds 0.20%, the amount of C in the retained austenite increases and the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, the C content is 0.05 to 0.20%.
- the amount of C is preferably 0.10 or more on the lower limit side.
- the upper limit side is preferably 0.20% or less.
- Si 3.0% or less Si is an element effective for increasing the HV after solid solution strengthening of steel and TS and warm working. In order to obtain such an effect, the Si amount is preferably 0.01% by mass or more. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 3.0%, the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 3.0% or less, preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less.
- Mn 3.5 to 8.0%
- Mn is an element that is effective in generating martensite and retained austenite to increase HV after warm working and warm EL. Moreover, it is an element effective in reducing the amount of C in retained austenite. If it is less than 3.5%, such an effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, and bainite which is not preferable in the present invention is likely to be generated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 8.0%, the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, the amount of Mn is 3.5 to 8.0%, preferably 3.5 to 7.0%. Further, the lower limit of the Mn content is preferably more than 3.5%. More preferably, it is more than 4.0%. More preferably, it is 4.5% or more.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is brittle steel and deteriorates warm workability. Therefore, the amount is desirably reduced as much as possible.
- the amount of P can be allowed to be 0.100%. Preferably, it is 0.02% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, but if it is less than 0.001%, the production efficiency is lowered, so 0.001% or more is preferable.
- the amount of S is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the amount of S can be tolerated to 0.02%.
- it is 0.005% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly specified, but if it is less than 0.0005%, the production efficiency is lowered, so 0.0005% or more is preferable.
- Al 0.01 to 3.0%
- Al is an element effective in promoting the formation of ferrite and obtaining ferrite. If the Al content exceeds 3.0%, the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, the Al content is 3.0% or less, preferably 1.5% or less, more preferably 1.0% or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of deoxidation in the steel making process, the Al content is 0.01% or more, preferably 0.02% or more.
- N 0.010% or less N hardens martensite and causes a decrease in the yield ratio after warm working. Therefore, the amount is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the N amount is allowed to be 0.010%. it can. Preferably, it is 0.007% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly specified, but if it is less than 0.0005%, the production efficiency is lowered, so 0.0005% or more is preferable.
- Nb 0.005 to 0.20%
- Ti 0.005 to 0.20%
- Mo 0.005 to 1.0%
- V 0.005 to 1.0%
- Nb , Ti, Mo, and V form a microstructure and fine grain boundary carbide, and improve the yield ratio after warm working. That is, while increasing the Mn to the level of the present invention, the interface movement speed is lowered, and the grain boundary carbide is formed by suppressing the grain growth at the time of annealing by the pinning effect of the fine grain boundary carbides, and the grain boundary is formed.
- the yield ratio after the warm working is significantly improved by arranging the fine grain boundary carbides.
- the content of each of at least one selected from Nb, Ti, Mo, and V is Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.20%, Mo: 0.005 to 1 0.0%, V: 0.005 to 1.0%.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.010% or more.
- the Nb amount is preferably 0.010% or more.
- the amount of Mo is preferably 0.02% or more.
- V amount is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.050% or less.
- the Nb amount is preferably 0.030% or less.
- the amount of Mo is preferably 0.30% or less.
- the amount of V is preferably 0.2% or less.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- One or more of the following elements can be appropriately contained as necessary.
- Cr 0.005-2.0%, Ni: 0.005-2.0%, Cu: 0.005-2.0%, B: 0.0001-0.0050%, Ca: 0.0001- One or more selected from 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sb: 0.0010 to 0.10% Cr, Ni, and Cu are martens It is an element that generates sites and is effective in increasing strength. From the viewpoint of obtaining such effects, the amount of each of Cr, Ni, and Cu is preferably 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.05% or more. If the respective contents of Cr, Ni, and Cu exceed 2.0%, the yield ratio after warm working may be reduced. More preferably, it is 1.0% or less.
- B is an element that generates martensite and is effective in increasing strength. From the viewpoint of obtaining such an effect, the amount of B is preferably 0.0001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more. If the amount of B exceeds 0.0050%, inclusions may increase and the warm workability may deteriorate. More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less.
- Ca and REM are effective elements for improving warm workability by controlling the form of inclusions.
- the amount of each of Ca and REM is preferably 0.0001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more. If the amount of each of Ca and REM exceeds 0.0050%, the amount of inclusions may increase and the warm workability may deteriorate. More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less.
- Sn and Sb are elements that are effective in suppressing the reduction in strength of steel by suppressing decarburization, denitrification, deboronation, and the like. From the viewpoint of obtaining such an effect, the amount of Sn is set to 0.01% or more, more preferably 0.03% or more.
- the amount of Sb is preferably 0.0010% or more. More preferably, it is 0.01% or more. If the amount of Sn exceeds 0.50% and the amount of Sb exceeds 0.10%, the steel may become brittle and the warm workability may deteriorate.
- the Sn content is more preferably 0.05% or less. The amount of Sb is more preferably 0.05% or less.
- the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, B, Ca, REM, Sn, and Sb are Cr: 0.005 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.005 to 2.0%, and Cu: 0.005 to 2.0%, B: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sb : 0.0010 to 0.10% is preferable.
- other elements may contain up to 0.002% of Zr, Mg, La, and Ce.
- the optional element included below the lower limit value is included as an inevitable impurity.
- Residual austenite 10-60% If the area ratio of retained austenite is less than 10%, EL of 27% or more cannot be obtained during warm working. On the other hand, if it exceeds 60%, the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, the area ratio of retained austenite is 10 to 60%.
- the lower limit side of the area ratio is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more or more than 20%. More preferably, it is 30% or more or more than 30%. More preferably, it is 35% or more.
- the upper limit side of the area ratio is preferably 55% or less.
- the area ratio of ferrite is 10 to 80%.
- the content is preferably 10 to 60%, more preferably 10 to 50%.
- Martensite 10-50% If the area ratio of martensite is less than 10%, a TS of 1180 MPa or more cannot be obtained at room temperature. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, EL of 27% or more cannot be obtained during warm working. Therefore, the area ratio of martensite is 10 to 50%.
- the lower limit side of the area ratio is preferably 15% or more. More preferably, it exceeds 20%, and more preferably 25% or more.
- the upper limit side of the area ratio is preferably 45% or less.
- Bainite 0-5%
- bainite is not preferred, but is allowed up to 5%. If it exceeds 5%, the yield ratio after warm working decreases. Therefore, bainite is 0 to 5%, preferably 0 to 3%, more preferably 0 to 1%.
- the steel sheet structure of the present invention is composed of retained austenite, ferrite, and martensite (also including bainite) and does not include other phases.
- the total of retained austenite, ferrite, and martensite is 95% or more.
- perlite is not included.
- the C content in retained austenite is determined by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the amount of C in the retained austenite is 0.40% by mass or more, the high yield ratio after the warm working of the present invention cannot be obtained. Therefore, the amount of C in the retained austenite is less than 0.40% by mass, preferably less than 0.3% by mass, more preferably less than 0.2% by mass.
- Average crystal grain size of retained austenite, martensite, and ferrite 2.0 ⁇ m or less respectively If the average crystal grain size of any of retained austenite, martensite, and ferrite exceeds 2.0 ⁇ m, high yield after the warm working of the present invention The ratio is not obtained. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of retained austenite, martensite, and ferrite is 2.0 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- Carbide containing at least one selected from Nb, Ti, Mo, and V existing in the grain boundary Nb, Ti, Mo, and V-based fine carbides are arranged in the grain boundary, so that dislocations near the grain boundary can be obtained. The movement is suppressed and the yield ratio after warm working is improved.
- the yield ratio after warm working can be further improved by setting the average particle size of the carbide to 200 nm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly specified, but when the average particle diameter is less than 10 nm, the above effect is reduced, and therefore, 10 nm or more is preferable.
- the average particle size of the carbides was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification of 100,000 and 10 visual fields, and the average particle size of all the carbides recognized in the visual field was determined.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the area ratio of ferrite, martensite, and bainite is the ratio of the area of each structure to the observation area. These area ratios are obtained by cutting a sample from a steel plate, polishing a plate thickness cross section parallel to the rolling direction, corroding with 3% nital, and multiplying the plate thickness 1/4 position by 1500 times with SEM (scanning electron microscope). In each case, three field images are taken, and the area ratio of each tissue is obtained from the obtained image data using Image-Pro made by Media Cybernetics, and the average area ratio of the visual field is taken as the area ratio of each tissue.
- ferrite is distinguished as black, martensite and retained austenite as white, and bainite as dark gray including carbide or island martensite with uniform orientation.
- the area ratio of martensite is obtained by subtracting the area ratio of residual austenite described later from the area ratio of the white structure.
- the martensite may be autotempered martensite or tempered martensite containing carbides having no uniform orientation.
- perlite can be distinguished as a black and white layered structure.
- the crystal grain sizes of ferrite, martensite and retained austenite are measured by a cutting method with respect to an image in which the area ratio is measured, and the average value is defined as the average crystal grain size of the structure.
- the number of lines used in the cutting method was 10 in the vertical direction and 10 in the horizontal direction, and the images were drawn so as to be equally divided into 11. Martensite and retained austenite are not distinguished and have the same particle size. In the present invention, packet boundaries and block boundaries are not included in the grain boundaries.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite is determined by using a K ⁇ ray of Mo with an X-ray diffractometer on a surface obtained by grinding a steel plate to a 1/4 position of the plate thickness and further polishing 0.1 mm by chemical polishing, using fcc iron (austenite).
- the integrated reflection intensity of the (200) plane, (220) plane, (311) plane, and the (200) plane, (211) plane, and (220) plane of bcc iron (ferrite) was measured.
- the volume ratio is obtained from the intensity ratio of the integrated reflection intensity from each surface of the fcc iron to the integrated reflection intensity.
- the volume ratio value is used as the area ratio value.
- the lattice constant a of the retained austenite is calculated by the equation (1) from the diffraction peak shift amount of the (220) plane using the Co K ⁇ ray by an X-ray diffractometer, and further, from the equation (2), C amount is calculated.
- the mass% of the element M (other than C) in the retained austenite is the mass% of the entire steel. If the element content other than a and C is substituted into the equation (2), the amount of C in the retained austenite can be calculated.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may have a galvanized layer or an alloyed galvanized layer on the surface.
- the composition of the galvanized layer may be, for example, Al: 0.05 to 0.25%, the balance being Zn and inevitable impurities.
- the high-strength steel sheet for warm working of the present invention is, for example, a hot-rolled steel sheet or a cold-rolled steel sheet produced by subjecting steel such as a slab having the above composition to hot rolling or further cold rolling.
- An annealing heating step in which a temperature range of 300 to 500 ° C. is heated at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./s or more, and further heating to 680 ° C. to 720 ° C., and annealing holding for 1 to 30 s in that temperature range It can be manufactured by a manufacturing method having a process and an annealing cooling process for cooling from the Ms point to room temperature at an average cooling rate exceeding 10 ° C./s.
- an annealing process including an annealing heating process, an annealing holding process, and an annealing cooling process will be described.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet or a cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to an annealing process.
- 300 to 500 ° C . Heating at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./s or more If the average heating rate at 300 to 500 ° C. is less than 10 ° C./s, the ferrite grains become coarse and the steel sheet structure of the present invention cannot be obtained. Therefore, the average heating rate at 300 to 500 ° C. is set to 10 ° C./s or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly specified, but is preferably 2000 ° C./s or less from the viewpoint of operational stability.
- the average heating rate at 300 to 500 ° C. is more preferably 1000 ° C./s or less.
- the average heating rate from 500 degreeC to the following annealing temperature is not specifically limited.
- Annealing temperature Over 680 ° C to 720 ° C
- austenite is not generated, or even if it is generated, the warm workability of the present invention and the high yield ratio after warm processing cannot be obtained due to excessive concentration of C and Mn.
- ferrite and retained austenite are reduced, and warm workability becomes insufficient. Accordingly, the annealing temperature is set to be over 680 ° C. to 720 ° C.
- Annealing retention time 1-30s If the annealing time is less than 1 s, austenite is not sufficiently produced, and the steel sheet structure of the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 s, the crystal grains become coarse and the steel sheet structure of the present invention cannot be obtained. Accordingly, the annealing holding time is 1 to 30 s.
- the steel sheet may be subjected to galvanization treatment after the annealing holding step and before the annealing cooling step.
- the composition of the plating bath used for zinc plating is preferably composed of 0.10 to 0.25% of Al and the balance of zinc and inevitable impurities. Further, an alloying treatment may be performed.
- the alloying conditions are preferably maintained at 460 to 600 ° C. for 1 to 60 s.
- the plating when plating is applied, it must be in the middle of cooling from the annealing holding step to the Ms point. If the plating is performed after cooling to the Ms point or lower, the steel sheet structure of the present invention cannot be obtained, and the warm workability of the present invention and the high yield ratio after warm working after warm working cannot be obtained.
- the Ms point (° C.) is obtained by a four master.
- Cooling from Ms point to room temperature at an average cooling rate exceeding 10 ° C./s After the above treatment or annealing holding step, cooling is performed to the Ms point. Thereafter, cooling is further performed from the Ms point to room temperature at an average cooling rate of more than 10 ° C./s.
- the average cooling rate from the Ms point to room temperature is 10 ° C./s or less, the amount of C in the retained austenite increases due to the diffusion of C, and the warm workability and the yield ratio after warm working decrease. Therefore, the average cooling rate from the Ms point to room temperature is set to more than 10 ° C./s. Even when reheating is accompanied during the cooling below the Ms point, the amount of C in the retained austenite increases due to the diffusion of C.
- the upper limit is not particularly specified, but if it exceeds 1000 ° C./s, excessive cooling equipment is required and the cost is increased. Therefore, the upper limit of the average cooling rate is preferably 1000 ° C./s or less.
- the room temperature means 0 to 50 ° C.
- the conditions of the production method before the annealing step are not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferable to carry out under the following conditions.
- the slab is preferably produced by a continuous casting method in order to prevent macro segregation, and can also be produced by an ingot-making method or a thin slab casting method.
- the slab may be cooled to room temperature and then re-heated for hot rolling, or the slab may be charged in a heating furnace without being cooled to room temperature. Can also be done.
- an energy saving process in which hot rolling is performed immediately after performing a slight heat retention can also be applied.
- heating temperature of the slab is preferably 1300 ° C. or lower.
- the slab temperature is the temperature of the slab surface.
- the rough bar after rough rolling can also be heated.
- what is called a continuous rolling process which joins rough bars and performs finish rolling continuously can be applied.
- finish rolling may increase anisotropy and reduce workability after cold rolling / annealing, it is preferably performed at a finishing temperature of 800 ° C. or higher.
- lubrication rolling with a friction coefficient of 0.10 to 0.25 in all passes or a part of the finishing rolling.
- the cold rolling may be performed according to a conventional method. Further, the rolling reduction ratio of the cold rolling is not particularly specified, but if it is less than 30%, the subsequent annealing may lead to a non-uniform structure such as coarse grains or a non-recrystallized structure, so 30% or more is preferable. Further, if it exceeds 90%, the plate shape may be deteriorated, so 90% or less is preferable. In the present invention, heat treatment may be performed before cold rolling. Further, when the maximum temperature exceeds 600 ° C., it causes a structural change such as the formation of austenite.
- the high-strength steel sheet for warm working is preferably used for working at 50 to 200 ° C.
- Annealing is performed in the laboratory under the conditions shown in Table 2 using a heat treatment and plating apparatus, and a hot-rolled high-strength steel sheet (HR) obtained by annealing a hot-rolled steel sheet and a temperature obtained by annealing a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- HR high-strength steel sheets
- GI hot-dip galvanized steel sheets
- GA galvannealed steel sheets
- ⁇ Room temperature tensile test> A JIS No. 5 tensile test piece (JIS Z2201) was sampled in parallel to the rolling direction from an annealed plate (in the case of galvanized treatment or alloyed galvanized treatment, it means a steel plate). A tensile test was performed in accordance with JIS Z 2241 with a strain rate of 10 ⁇ 3 / s to obtain TS. In addition, 1180 Mpa or more was set as the pass.
- the sample was cooled to room temperature, and then a tensile strength in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2241 at a strain rate of 10 ⁇ 3 / s at room temperature.
- a test was performed to determine the yield ratio after warm working by dividing the yield strength at room temperature by the tensile strength.
- JIS No. 5 tensile test piece (JIS Z2201) is taken from the annealed plate in the direction parallel to the rolling direction, and a tensile test is performed at a test temperature of 80 ° C. or 150 ° C. and a strain rate of 10 ⁇ 3 / s. Asked.
- the warm workability is good when the EL of the warm tensile test is 27% or more.
- the TS at room temperature is 1180 MPa or more
- the Vickers hardness HV at room temperature after warm processing is 400 or more
- the yield ratio after warm processing is 60% or more
- the EL at warm is It is a high-strength steel sheet for warm working excellent in yield ratio after warm working having 27% or more.
- steel plate No. No. 14 when the temperature of the warm tensile test was 150 ° C., the EL at the warm was 29%, the HV after the warm working was 400 or more, and the yield ratio after the warm working was 60% or more. .
- a high-strength steel sheet for warm working that has a TS of 1180 MPa or more at room temperature, an EL of warm of 27% or more, and an excellent high yield ratio after warm working. .
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Abstract
Description
C:0.05~0.20%
Cは、マルテンサイトや残留オーステナイトを生成させて温間加工後のHVや温間加工時のEL(温間加工に相当する150℃の条件でのEL)を上昇させるのに有効な元素である。0.05%未満ではこのような効果が十分得られない。一方、C量が0.20%を超えると残留オーステナイト中のC量が高まり、温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、C量は0.05~0.20%とする。C量は、下限側は好ましくは0.10以上である。上限側は好ましくは0.20%以下である。
Siは、鋼を固溶強化してTSや温間加工後のHVを上昇させるのに有効な元素である。こうした効果を得るにはSi量は0.01質量%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、Si量が3.0%を超えると、温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、Si量は3.0%以下とし、好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下とする。
Mnは、マルテンサイトや残留オーステナイトを生成させて温間加工後のHVや温間のELを上昇させるのに有効な元素である。また、残留オーステナイト中のC量を低減するのに有効な元素である。3.5%未満ではこうした効果が十分得られず、また本発明に好ましくないベイナイトが生成しやすくなる。一方、8.0%を超えると温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、Mn量は3.5~8.0%とし、好ましくは3.5~7.0%とする。また、Mn含有量の下限については、3.5%超が好ましい。より好ましくは4.0%超である。さらに好ましくは4.5%以上である。
Pは、鋼を脆化させ温間加工性が劣化するため、その量は極力低減することが望ましく、本発明ではP量は0.100%まで許容できる。好ましくは、0.02%以下である。下限は特に規定しないが、0.001%未満では生産能率の低下を招くため、0.001%以上が好ましい。
Sは、鋼を脆化させ温間加工性が劣化するため、その量は極力低減することが好ましく、本発明ではS量は0.02%まで許容できる。好ましくは、0.005%以下である。下限は特に規定しないが、0.0005%未満では生産能率の低下を招くため、0.0005%以上が好ましい。
Alは、フェライトの生成を促進し、フェライトを得るのに有効な元素である。Al量が3.0%を超えると、温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、Al量は3.0%以下、好ましくは1.5%以下、より好ましくは1.0%以下とする。一方、製鋼工程での脱酸の観点から、Al量は0.01%以上とし、好ましくは0.02%以上である。
Nはマルテンサイトを硬化させ、温間加工後の降伏比の低下を招くため、その量は極力低減することが好ましく、本発明ではN量は0.010%まで許容できる。好ましくは、0.007%以下である。下限は特に規定しないが、0.0005%未満では生産能率の低下を招くため、0.0005%以上が好ましい。
Nb、Ti、Mo、Vは、微細組織および微細粒界炭化物を形成させ、温間加工後の降伏比を改善する。すなわち、本発明レベルにMnを高めることで界面移動速度を低めた上で、かつ該微細粒界炭化物のピン止め効果により焼鈍時の粒成長を抑制することで微細組織を形成させつつ結晶粒界に該微細粒界炭化物が配置されることで温間加工後の降伏比が格段に向上する。Nb、Ti、Mo、Vの含有量がそれぞれ上記下限未満の場合、このような効果が得られない。一方、Nb、Ti、Mo、Vの含有量がそれぞれ上限を超えるとオーステナイト中のC量が低下して本発明の残留オーステナイト量が得られなくなる。したがって、Nb、Ti、Mo、Vから選ばれる少なくとも1種のそれぞれの含有量はNb:0.005~0.20%、Ti:0.005~0.20%、Mo:0.005~1.0%、V:0.005~1.0%とする。下限について、Ti量は0.010%以上が好ましい。Nb量は0.010%以上が好ましい。Mo量は0.02%以上が好ましい。V量は0.05%以上が好ましい。上限について、Ti量は0.050%以下が好ましい。Nb量は0.030%以下が好ましい。Mo量は0.30%以下が好ましい。V量は0.2%以下が好ましい。
Cr、Ni、Cuはマルテンサイトを生成させ、高強度化に有効な元素である。このような効果を得る観点から、Cr、Ni、Cuのそれぞれの量は0.005%以上が好ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以上である。Cr、Ni、Cuのそれぞれの含有量が2.0%を超えると、温間加工後の降伏比が低下するおそれがある。より好ましくは1.0%以下である。
以下の説明において、鋼板組織の面積率は単に「%」と表示する。亜鉛めっき層または合金化亜鉛めっき層を有する場合はこれらを含まない地鉄鋼板を意味する。
残留オーステナイトの面積率が10%未満では温間加工時に27%以上のELが得られない。一方、60%を超えると温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、残留オーステナイトの面積率は10~60%とする。面積率の下限側は好ましくは15%以上であり、より好ましくは20%以上又は20%超である。より好ましくは30%以上又は30%超である。さらに好ましくは35%以上である。面積率の上限側は好ましくは55%以下である。
フェライトの面積率が10%未満では温間加工時に27%以上のELと温間加工後の降伏比が両立できない。一方、80%を超えると本発明の高強度が得られない。したがって、フェライトの面積率は10~80%とする。好ましくは10~60%とし、より好ましくは10~50%とする。
マルテンサイトの面積率が10%未満では室温で1180MPa以上のTSが得られない。一方、50%を超えると温間加工時に27%以上のELが得られない。したがって、マルテンサイトの面積率は10~50%とする。面積率の下限側は好ましくは15%以上である。より好ましくは20%超、さらに好ましくは25%以上である。面積率の上限側は好ましくは45%以下である。
本発明においてベイナイトは好ましくないが5%まで許容される。5%を超えると温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、ベイナイトは0~5%、好ましくは0~3%、より好ましくは0~1%とする。
後述のように、残留オーステナイト中のC量は下記(1)式、(2)式により求める。残留オーステナイト中のC量が0.40質量%以上では本発明の温間加工後の高降伏比が得られない。したがって残留オーステナイト中のC量は0.40質量%未満とし、好ましくは0.3質量%未満、より好ましくは0.2質量%未満とする。
残留オーステナイト、マルテンサイト、フェライトのいずれかの平均結晶粒径が2.0μmを超えると本発明の温間加工後の高降伏比が得られない。したがって、残留オーステナイト、マルテンサイト、フェライトそれぞれの平均結晶粒径は2.0μm以下とし、好ましくは1.0μm以下とする。
Nb、Ti、Mo、V系の微細炭化物を結晶粒界に配置することで、粒界近傍の転位の移動が抑制されて温間加工後の降伏比が向上する。
本発明の温間加工用高強度鋼板は、例えば、上記の成分組成を有するスラブ等の鋼に、熱間圧延あるいはさらに冷間圧延を施し作製した、熱延鋼板あるいは冷延鋼板を、300~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/s以上の平均加熱速度で加熱する焼鈍加熱工程と、さらに加熱して680℃超~720℃とし、該温度域で1~30s保持する焼鈍保持工程と、Ms点~室温までを平均冷却速度10℃/s超で冷却する焼鈍冷却工程と、を有する製造方法で製造可能である。焼鈍では初めの昇温過程においてFe系炭化物を溶解させつつ、Nb、Ti、Mo、Vの少なくとも1種を含む炭化物を生成させ、かつ再結晶フェライトの粒成長を該炭化物によるピン止め効果により抑制しつつ、オーステナイトを生成させることで、粒界に微細炭化物が配置された微細なフェライトとオーステナイトからなる組織を得る。続くフェライトとオーステナイトの2相域焼鈍での保持時間を適正化することで元素分配を制御する。さらにその後の冷却において、Ms点以下の平均冷却速度を10℃/s超とすることで、先に生成したマルテンサイトから隣接する残部オーステナイトへのCの拡散が抑制されて、本発明のC量の低い残留オーステナイトとフェライトおよびマルテンサイトを含む微細なミクロ組織(鋼板組織)を得ることができる。以下、詳しく説明する。なお、製造条件の説明において、時間をあらわす「s」は秒を意味する。
300~500℃の平均加熱速度が10℃/s未満では、フェライト粒が粗大化して本発明の鋼板組織が得られない。したがって、300~500℃の平均加熱速度は10℃/s以上とする。上限は特に規定しないが、操業安定性の観点からは2000℃/s以下が好ましい。また、300~500℃の平均加熱速度は1000℃/s以下がより好ましい。10℃/s以上の平均加熱速度での加熱について、加熱開始温度が300℃を上回るとフェライト粒が粗大化して本発明の鋼板組織が得られない場合がある。なお、500℃から下記の焼鈍温度までの平均加熱速度は特に限定されない。
焼鈍温度が680℃以下ではオーステナイトが生成しない、あるいは生成してもCやMnの過濃化により本発明の温間加工性や温間加工後の高降伏比が得られない。一方、720℃を超えるとフェライトや残留オーステナイトが減少し、温間加工性が不十分となる。したがって、焼鈍温度は680℃超~720℃とする。
焼鈍時間が1s未満では、オーステナイトの生成が不十分となって本発明の鋼板組織が得られない。一方、30sを超えると結晶粒が粗大化して本発明の鋼板組織が得られない。したがって、焼鈍保持時間は1~30sとする。
焼鈍保持工程後焼鈍冷却工程前に鋼板に亜鉛めっき処理を施してもよい。亜鉛めっきに使用するめっき浴の組成はAlが0.10~0.25%、残部が亜鉛と不可避的不純物からなることが好ましい。さらに合金化処理を行ってもよい。合金化条件は460~600℃で1~60s保持することが好ましい。
以上の処理または焼鈍保持工程の後、Ms点まで冷却する。その後さらに、Ms点~室温までを平均冷却速度10℃/s超で冷却する。Ms点~室温までの平均冷却速度が10℃/s以下では、Cの拡散により残留オーステナイト中のC量が増加して温間加工性や温間加工後の降伏比が低下する。したがって、Ms点~室温までの平均冷却速度は10℃/s超とする。なお、Ms点以下の冷却途中で再加熱を伴う場合もCの拡散により残留オーステナイト中のC量が増加するため、Ms点から室温までの冷却中は加熱してはならない。上限は特に規定しないが1000℃/sを超えると過剰な冷却設備が必要となりコストアップを招くため、平均冷却速度の上限は1000℃/s以下が好ましい。なお、室温とは0~50℃を意味する。
また、本発明では、温間加工用高強度鋼板は50~200℃での加工に用いられることが好ましい。
焼鈍板(亜鉛めっき処理、合金化亜鉛めっき処理をした場合は地鉄鋼板を意味する。以下同じ。)より圧延方向に対して平行方向にJIS5号引張試験片(JIS Z2201)を採取し、室温で歪速度が10-3/sとするJIS Z 2241の規定に準拠した引張試験を行い、TSを求めた。なお、1180MPa以上を合格とした。また、後述の温間引張試験と同様の方法で27%の引張ひずみを付与した後、室温まで冷却し、次いで室温で歪速度が10-3/sとするJIS Z 2241の規定に準拠した引張試験を行い、室温での降伏強さを引張強度で除して、温間加工後の降伏比を求めた。
焼鈍板より圧延方向に対して平行方向にJIS5号引張試験片(JIS Z2201)を採取し、試験温度が80℃または150℃、歪速度が10-3/sとする引張試験を行い、ELを求めた。なお、本発明では温間引張試験のELが27%以上を温間加工性良好とした。
上記温間引張試験と同様の方法で27%の引張ひずみを付与した後、室温まで冷却し、該引張試験片の中央部の引張方向に平行な板厚断面において、板厚の1/4位置について、荷重が1kgfで5点ビッカース硬さ試験を行い、最大値と最小値を除いた3点の平均ビッカース硬さHVを求めた。なお、本発明ではHV:400以上を高強度とした。
Claims (9)
- 質量%で、
C:0.05~0.20%、
Si:3.0%以下、
Mn:3.5~8.0%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.02%以下、
Al:0.01~3.0%、
N:0.010%以下を含み、
かつNb:0.005~0.20%、
Ti:0.005~0.20%、
Mo:0.005~1.0%、
V:0.005~1.0%から選ばれる1種以上を含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
面積率で、10~60%の残留オーステナイト、10~80%のフェライト、10~50%のマルテンサイト、0~5%のベイナイトからなり、かつ残留オーステナイト中のC量が0.40質量%未満、かつ残留オーステナイト、マルテンサイトおよびフェライトの平均結晶粒径がそれぞれ2.0μm以下、かつ結晶粒界にNb、Ti、Mo、Vから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む炭化物を有する鋼板組織を有する、
温間加工用高強度鋼板。 - 前記Nb、Ti、Mo、Vから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む炭化物の平均粒径が200nm以下である請求項1に記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板。
- さらに、質量%で、
Cr:0.005~2.0%、
Ni:0.005~2.0%、
Cu:0.005~2.0%、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Ca:0.0001~0.0050%、
REM:0.0001~0.0050%、
Sn:0.01~0.50%、
Sb:0.0010~0.10%から選ばれる1種以上を含む成分組成を有する請求項1または2に記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板。 - さらに、表面に亜鉛めっき層または合金化亜鉛めっき層を有する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1または3に記載の成分組成を有する鋼に、熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板とする熱間圧延工程と、
熱延鋼板に酸洗を施す酸洗工程と、
前記酸洗を施した鋼板を、300~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/s以上の平均加熱速度で加熱する焼鈍加熱工程と、
さらに加熱して680℃超~720℃とし、該温度域で1~30s保持する焼鈍保持工程と、
Ms点~室温までを平均冷却速度10℃/s超で冷却する焼鈍冷却工程と、
を有する温間加工用高強度鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記酸洗工程後に冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板とする冷間圧延工程をさらに有し、
前記冷延鋼板を前記焼鈍加熱工程に供する、請求項5に記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記焼鈍保持工程後前記焼鈍冷却工程前に亜鉛めっきを施す請求項5または6に記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- さらに、前記亜鉛めっき後前記焼鈍冷却工程前に合金化処理を施す請求項7に記載の温間加工用高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 請求項1または3に記載の成分組成を有する熱延鋼板または冷延鋼板を、300~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/s以上の平均加熱速度で加熱する焼鈍加熱工程と、
さらに加熱して680℃超~720℃とし、該温度域で1~30s保持する焼鈍保持工程と、
Ms点~室温までを平均冷却速度10℃/s超で冷却する焼鈍冷却工程と、
を有する温間加工用高強度鋼板の製造方法。
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JP2021501833A (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2021-01-21 | イージーフォーミング・スティール・テクノロジー・カンパニー・リミテッドEasyforming Steel Technology Co., Ltd. | ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼、ホットスタンピング方法および成形された構成要素 |
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JP7275137B2 (ja) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-05-17 | アルセロールミタル | 靭性、延性及び強度に優れた鋼板及びその製造方法 |
US11591665B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-02-28 | Arcelormittal | Steel sheet having excellent toughness, ductility and strength, and manufacturing method thereof |
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JP2021513604A (ja) * | 2018-02-08 | 2021-05-27 | タタ、スティール、アイモイデン、ベスローテン、フェンノートシャップTata Steel Ijmuiden Bv | 亜鉛または亜鉛合金でコーティングされた鋼のブランクから物品を成形する方法 |
JP7354119B2 (ja) | 2018-02-08 | 2023-10-02 | タタ、スティール、アイモイデン、ベスローテン、フェンノートシャップ | 亜鉛または亜鉛合金でコーティングされた鋼のブランクから物品を成形する方法 |
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JP6760543B1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-09-23 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板及び鋼板の製造方法 |
WO2020080493A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板及び鋼板の製造方法 |
Also Published As
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US20190040489A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
JPWO2017131053A1 (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
US11414720B2 (en) | 2022-08-16 |
EP3409805A4 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
CN109072371A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
CN109072371B (zh) | 2020-08-21 |
EP3409805A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
JP6252710B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
EP3409805B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
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