JP7269588B2 - ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼、ホットスタンピング方法および成形された構成要素 - Google Patents
ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼、ホットスタンピング方法および成形された構成要素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7269588B2 JP7269588B2 JP2020544088A JP2020544088A JP7269588B2 JP 7269588 B2 JP7269588 B2 JP 7269588B2 JP 2020544088 A JP2020544088 A JP 2020544088A JP 2020544088 A JP2020544088 A JP 2020544088A JP 7269588 B2 JP7269588 B2 JP 7269588B2
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- hot stamping
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
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- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000282342 Martes americana Species 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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Description
炭素は、侵入型固溶体によって鋼の上記強度を大きく高めることができる最も安価な強化元素である。そして上記炭素含量が増加すると、完全オーステナイト化温度(Ac3)が大幅に低下するため、加熱温度は低下し、エネルギーが節約される。炭素は上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度を大幅に下げ得るが、上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度が280℃以下である場合の合金設計の要件と、上記鋼の微細構造についての要件とを満たさねばならず、炭素は最も重要な侵入型固溶体強化元素であり、したがって、炭素含量の下限は0.1%である。しかしながら、過度に高い炭素含量は、鋼の上記機械的性能に大きく影響し、強度の大幅な増加を引き起こし、上記鋼の靭性を低下させるため、炭素の上限は0.19%であり、上記値よりも高い上記炭素含量は、ホットスタンピング状態下に鋼の脆性亀裂を引き起こすことがある。より好ましくは、上記C含量は0.12%~0.17%の範囲である。
Mnは本発明における重要な元素である。Mnは良好な脱酸剤および脱硫剤である。Mnは上記オーステナイト領域を拡大し、上記Ac3温度を下げることができるオーステナイト安定化元素である。Mnは、オーステナイトからフェライトへの上記変態の抑制および鋼の硬化性の改善に良好な効果を有する。上記熱処理の間の上記加熱温度を下げるために、Mnの下限を5.09%に設定することで、上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度は確実に280℃以下となり、一方で、上記材料の上記完全オーステナイト化温度(Ac3)は780℃以下であることが保証されることで、ホットスタンピングによる上記亜鉛めっき薄板の成形が容易になる。Mnの添加量が多すぎると、焼入れ後の上記材料は脆いξマルテンサイトの形成をもたらす場合があるため、Mnの上限は9.5%である。より好ましくは、上記Mn含量は5.09%~8%の範囲である。
バナジウムは強力な炭化物として析出する。バナジウム炭化物の析出により、結晶粒微細化および強度向上の効果が達成され得る。バナジウム炭化物は、オーステナイト化段階および上記ホットスタンピング段階の間にバナジウムから析出し、それは一方で当初のオーステナイト粒子を微細化し、他方で上記マトリックス中の上記炭素含量を減らし、それによりホットスタンピング後のマルテンサイト中の上記炭素含量は低い水準に保たれる。本発明は、バナジウム元素を添加し、バナジウム炭化物を析出させることにより、ホットスタンピング後のマルテンサイト中の上記炭素含量を制御し、こうして上記ホットスタンプされた材料の上記伸びおよび上記伸び安定性が保証される。0.11%未満のVは、明らかな効果を達成することができず、上記本発明の材料設計の要件を満たすことができない。しかしながら、バナジウム元素を多量に添加することにより、VCのサイズは増大し、鋼のコストが上昇する。ホットスタンピング後の初期鋼の安定的な伸びを保つために、上記V含量は0.4%以下であるものとする。
SiおよびAlは両者とも炭化物の上記形成を抑えることができる。室温まで焼入れした後に上記鋼をAc1温度未満の温度範囲で維持すると、SiおよびAlは両者ともマルテンサイト中の炭化物の析出を抑え、炭素を残留オーステナイトに分配することで、オーステナイトの上記安定性が向上し、鋼の強度と伸びとの積が向上する。工業生産ではAlが多すぎると連続鋳造においてノズルを塞ぎ得ることから、連続鋳造の困難さが増し、Alは上記材料の上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度および完全オーステナイト化温度を高めることがあり、それは上記本発明の鋼の組織の温度制御の要件を満たさない。Si含量が高いと、鋼内により多くの不純物がもたらされる。本発明は140℃~220℃の範囲の低い温度での炭素分配を採用する。低い温度範囲では、セメンタイトの形成は抑制され、遷移炭化物の一部しか形成され得ないが、上記炭化物の一部は上記材料の上記靭性に大きな影響を与えない。SiおよびAlを多量に添加すると、遷移炭化物の生成は抑制され得ないため、本発明はSi+Alの添加に依存しない。本発明におけるSi+Alの上記含量は2%以下である。
Crはまた、材料の硬化性を改善し、上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度を下げることができる元素である。したがって、鋼中のMnおよびCrの上記パーセンテージは、上記マルテンサイト変態開始温度および鋼中の上記炭素含量についての合金設計の要件に従って決定される。MnおよびCrは単独または両方のいずれかで添加される。好ましくは、Crはコストが高いため添加されない。
Ti、NbおよびZrは、鋼の結晶粒を微細化し、鋼の上記強度を高め、上記鋼に良好な熱処理特性を与える。Ti、NbおよびZrの濃度が過度に低いと機能しないが、それらが0.2%を超えると不必要なコストが増加することとなる。上記本発明の鋼はCおよびMnの合理的な設計のため、1600MPaを超える強度および良好な伸びを得ることができるため、好ましくは、コスト削減のために余分なTi、NbおよびZrを添加する必要はない。
オーステナイト粒界でのBの偏析は、フェライトの核生成を防ぎ、それは鋼の硬化性を大幅に改善し、上記熱処理後の鋼の上記強度を大幅に改善することができる。0.005%を超えるB含量は明らかな改善をもたらすことができない。本発明の鋼における高いMn含量の上記設計は高い硬化性を有するので、好ましくは、コスト削減のために余分なBを添加する必要はない。
Niは鋼の強度を高め、鋼の良好な塑性および靭性を維持することができる。Niの濃度が4.0%を超えるとコストが増加する。Cuは強度および靭性、特に大気腐食抵抗を高めることができる。Cu含有量が2%を超えると加工性が低下することがあり、熱間圧延の間に液相が形成される結果、亀裂が発生することがある。高いCu含量は不必要なコストの増加を引き起こす場合もある。上記本発明の鋼はCおよびMnの合理的な設計のため、1600MPaを超える強度および良好な伸びを得ることができるので、好ましくは、コスト削減のために余分なNiおよびCuを添加する必要はない。
MoおよびWは鋼の上記硬化性を改善し、鋼の上記強度を効果的に高めることができる。さらに、高温成形法の間に上記鋼が上記ダイとのその不安定な接触のために十分に冷却されない場合でも、該鋼は、MoおよびWによりもたらされる硬化性の増加のため、依然として適切な強度を有し得る。MoおよびWが2%を超える場合に、追加の効果は達成され得ず、その代わりにコストが上昇する。本発明の鋼における高いMn含量の上記設計は、高い硬化性を有するので、好ましくは、コスト削減のために余分なMoおよびWを添加する必要はない。
一般に、Pは鋼中の有害な元素であり、鋼の冷間脆性を増加させ、溶接性を悪化させ、塑性を低下させ、冷間曲げ特性を低下させ得る。一般的に言うと、Sも有害な元素であり、鋼の高温脆性を引き起こし、鋼の上記伸びおよび溶接性を低下させ得る。Nは鋼中での不可避の元素である。Nは機能の点で炭素に類似しており、焼付け硬化において有益である。
Claims (11)
- ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼であって、
重量パーセントで以下の成分、すなわち、0.1%~0.19%のC、5.09%~9.5%のMn、0.25%~0.4%のV、0%~2%のSi+Al、0%~5%のCr、0%~0.2%のTi、0%~0.2%のNb、0%~0.2%のZr、0%~0.005%のB、0%~4%のNi、0%~2%のCu、0%~2%のMo、および0%~2%のWを含み、
残部が鉄および不可避の不純物からなることを特徴とする、ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼。 - C含量は、0.12%~0.17%の範囲であり、Mn含量は、5.09%~8%の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のホットスタンピングに使用される鋼。
- 前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼は、その表面上にAl-Si被覆、亜鉛めっき被覆および高温酸化被覆を含む群から選択される被覆を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のホットスタンピングに使用される鋼。
- 前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼の成分比は、以下の要件、すなわち、ホットスタンピング後の前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼のマルテンサイト変態開始温度の実測値が150℃~280℃であることを満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のホットスタンピングに使用される鋼。
- ホットスタンピング方法であって、
工程A:請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼または前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼を予備成形することにより得られる予備成形された構成要素を700℃~890℃の範囲の温度に加熱し、該温度を0.1秒間~10000秒間維持する工程と、
工程B:前記工程Aで処理された前記ホットスタンピングに使用される鋼または前記予備成形された構成要素をスタンピング用ダイに移送して、成形された構成要素を得る工程と、
工程C:前記成形された構成要素を0.1℃/秒~1000℃/秒の平均冷却速度で冷却する工程と、を含むことを特徴とする、ホットスタンピング方法。 - 前記工程Aにおいて、加熱温度の範囲は、740℃~850℃であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のホットスタンピング方法。
- 前記工程Aにおいて、加熱温度の範囲は、740℃~780℃であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のホットスタンピング方法。
- 工程Cにおいて、平均冷却速度は、1℃/秒から100℃/秒の間であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のホットスタンピング方法。
- 前記成形された構成要素が、体積基準で以下の組織、すなわち、0.1%~5%のバナジウム炭化物または複合炭窒化物、2%~15%の残留オーステナイト、および、0%~10%のフェライト、を含み、
残部がマルテンサイトからなることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のホットスタンピング方法。 - 重量パーセントで以下の成分、すなわち、0.1%~0.19%のC、5.09%~9.5%のMn、0.25%~0.4%のV、0%~2%のSi+Al、0%~5%のCr、0%~0.2%のTi、0%~0.2%のNb、0%~0.2%のZr、0%~0.005%のB、0%~4%のNi、0%~2%のCu、0%~2%のMo、および0%~2%のWを含み、
残部が鉄および不純物からなり、
6%以上の伸びを有することを特徴とする、成形された構成要素。 - 前記成形された構成要素は、体積基準で以下の組織、すなわち、
0.1%~5%のバナジウム炭化物または複合炭窒化物、2%~15%の残留オーステナイト、および、0%~10%のフェライト、を含み、
残部がマルテンサイトからなることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の成形された構成要素。
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