WO2017130938A1 - 十字軸式自在継手の組立方法、及び十字軸式自在継手 - Google Patents
十字軸式自在継手の組立方法、及び十字軸式自在継手 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017130938A1 WO2017130938A1 PCT/JP2017/002273 JP2017002273W WO2017130938A1 WO 2017130938 A1 WO2017130938 A1 WO 2017130938A1 JP 2017002273 W JP2017002273 W JP 2017002273W WO 2017130938 A1 WO2017130938 A1 WO 2017130938A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circular hole
- notch
- universal joint
- coupling arm
- shaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
- F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
- F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
- F16D3/385—Bearing cup; Bearing construction; Bearing seal; Mounting of bearing on the intermediate member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/192—Yieldable or collapsible columns
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
- F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/41—Couplings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
- F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49909—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49909—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli
- Y10T29/49913—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli by constricting outer annulus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for assembling a cruciform universal joint incorporated in a steering device for transmitting a movement of a steering shaft to a steering gear, and a cruciform universal joint, for example.
- the automobile steering device is configured as shown in FIG. 12, for example.
- the movement of the steering wheel 1 is transmitted to the steering gear unit 4 via the steering shaft 2 and the intermediate shaft 3, and the steering gear unit 4 steers the wheel.
- the steering shaft 2 and the input shaft 5 of the steering gear unit 4 cannot normally be provided on the same straight line (coaxially).
- an intermediate shaft 3 is conventionally provided between the steering shaft 2 and the input shaft 5, and both ends of the intermediate shaft 3 and the ends of the steering shaft 2 and the input shaft 5 are freely called cardan joints. They are connected via joints 6 and 6.
- the rotational force can be transmitted between the steering shaft 2 and the input shaft 5 that do not exist on the same straight line.
- FIG. 13 shows one described in Patent Document 1 as an example of a conventionally known universal joint.
- the universal joint 6 is formed by connecting a pair of yokes 7a and 7b via a cross shaft 8 so that torque can be transmitted.
- Each of the yokes 7a and 7b is manufactured by pressing or forging a metal material.
- Each of the yokes 7a and 7b includes a base portion 9a and 9b and a pair of connecting arm portions 10a and 10b for each yoke 7a and 7b. I have.
- circular holes 11a and 11b are formed concentrically with respect to the yokes 7a and 7b, respectively, at the ends of the coupling arm portions 10a and 10b.
- the cross shaft 8 is formed by providing four shaft portions 12 and 12 with the central axes of the adjacent shaft portions 12 and 12 orthogonal to each other.
- the shafts 12 and 12 are rotatably supported inside the circular holes 11a and 11b via cup bearings 13 and 13 which are shell-type radial needle bearings, respectively.
- cup bearings 13 and 13 which are shell-type radial needle bearings, respectively.
- caulking portions 14 and 14 are formed at the opening edges of the circular holes 11a and 11b.
- the cup bearing 13 is assembled to the portion between the circular hole 11a (11b) and the end of the shaft portion 12, and then the coupling arm portion 10a (10b). ) Is plastically deformed at a plurality of positions at the opening edge of the circular hole 11a (11b) to form a caulking portion 14 at the portion.
- the forming operation of the caulking portion 14 is conventionally performed by pressing the caulking punch against the opening edge of the circular hole 11a (11b).
- the caulking punch 14 is formed. Is made to collide (impactly).
- the present invention provides a method for assembling a cruciform universal joint capable of forming a swaged portion for preventing the cup bearing from falling off without complicating the caulking work, and a cruciform shaft type It was invented to realize a universal joint.
- the method for assembling the cross shaft universal joint of the present invention includes a circular hole formed in the coupling arm portion constituting the yoke and an end portion of the shaft portion constituting the cross shaft inserted inside the circular hole. After a cup bearing (for example, a shell-type radial needle bearing) is incorporated in the portion, the opening edge of the circular hole is plastically deformed radially inward on the outer surface of the coupling arm portion to form a caulking portion. .
- a cup bearing for example, a shell-type radial needle bearing
- a notch is formed on the outer surface of the coupling arm portion in the vicinity of the periphery of the circular hole (so as not to open at least the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole).
- the thin wall portion formed in the radially inner portion of the notch in the opening edge of the circular hole is plastically deformed radially inward to form the caulked portion.
- the notch may be formed by cutting using a cutting tool, or may be formed by pressing using a punch.
- shapes, such as V shape, U shape, and I shape, are employable, for example.
- the notch is formed after the cup bearing is incorporated in a portion between the circular hole and the end of the shaft portion. It may be broken. Alternatively, the notch may be formed before the cup bearing is incorporated in a portion between the circular hole and the end of the shaft portion.
- a plurality of notches are formed in the vicinity of the circumference of the circular hole on the outer surface of the coupling arm portion. Thereafter, a plurality of thin wall portions respectively formed at radially inner portions of the plurality of notches in the opening edge of the circular hole can be simultaneously plastically deformed radially inward.
- the plurality of notches can be formed in the circumferential vicinity of the circular hole at regular intervals in the circumferential direction, or can be formed at irregular intervals in the circumferential direction. it can.
- an annular shape is formed so as to surround the circular hole in the vicinity of the circular hole on the outer surface of the coupling arm portion. Form a notch. Thereafter, the annular thin portion formed at the opening edge of the circular hole at the radially inner portion of the notch can be plastically deformed radially inward.
- a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction are plastically deformed radially inward, or the whole (range over the entire circumference) is plastically deformed radially inward. Can do.
- the equally spaced positions may be plastically deformed in the circumferential direction, or the unequally spaced positions may be plastically deformed in the circumferential direction.
- the cross shaft universal joint of the present invention is A pair of yokes, and a cross shaft that couples the yokes in a swingable manner
- the pair of yokes includes a base portion, a pair of coupling arm portions extending in the axial direction from two positions opposite to the radial direction at one axial end portion of the base portion, and tips of the pair of coupling arm portions A pair of circular holes formed concentrically with each other
- the cross shaft includes four shaft portions provided in a state where the central axes of adjacent shaft portions are orthogonal to each other, A cup bearing is incorporated in a portion between the circular hole formed in the coupling arm portion and the end portion of the shaft portion of the cross shaft.
- a notch is formed in the vicinity of the circumference of the circular hole in the outer surface of the coupling arm portion,
- the opening edge of the circular hole in the outer surface of the coupling arm part, and the radially inner portion of the notch extend radially inward from the circular hole, and the cup bearing extends from the circular hole.
- a caulking part is formed to prevent it from slipping out,
- the radially outer surface constituting the notch constitutes an inclined surface that is inclined radially outward toward the outer surface of the coupling arm portion.
- the method for assembling the cross shaft universal joint of the present invention configured as described above, it is possible to form a caulking portion for preventing the cup bearing from falling off without complicating the caulking work. That is, in the case of the present invention, the notch is formed in the vicinity of the circumference of the circular hole on the outer side surface of the coupling arm portion, and then formed on the radially inner portion of the notch in the opening edge of the circular hole. The thin portion is plastically deformed radially inward to obtain a caulked portion. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the caulking load when the caulking portion is formed as compared with the case where such a notch is not formed.
- the caulking portion when the caulking portion is formed, a desired caulking shape can be obtained even if the caulking tool does not collide with the thin portion vigorously (even when it is caused to collide slowly and statically).
- the caulking portion when the caulking portion is formed, it is not necessary to bend and deform the coupling arm portion, so that it is not necessary to take measures such as suppressing the cup bearing and the coupling arm portion.
- the axial position of the circular hole and the cup bearing can be effectively prevented from shifting. Therefore, the caulking work can be prevented from becoming complicated, and the assembly time of the cross shaft universal joint can be shortened.
- the caulking load can be reduced, it is possible to simultaneously caulk and deform a plurality of thin-walled portions. From this aspect as well, the assembly time (cycle time) can be shortened. You can plan.
- the radially outer surface constituting the notch constitutes an inclined surface that is inclined radially outward toward the outer surface of the coupling arm portion. It is possible to easily secure the escape of the material that sometimes occurs, and to easily insert the tip of the caulking tool used for caulking into the notch.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion corresponding to a VI portion in FIG. 2, (A) shows a state after notching, and (B) shows a state after caulking.
- FIG. 4 which shows the 3 examples of the modification of 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 which shows 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 9.
- the perspective view which shows one example of the steering device incorporating the universal joint used as the assembly object of this invention.
- the side view which shows an example of the universal joint known conventionally.
- a steering shaft 2 a having a steering wheel 1 (see FIG. 12) fixed to a rear end portion is rotatably supported inside a cylindrical steering column 15.
- the movement of the steering wheel 1 is transferred to the input shaft 5 (see FIG. 12) of the steering gear unit 4 via the steering shaft 2a, the electric assist device 16, the universal joint 6a, the intermediate shaft 3a, and another universal joint 6b.
- a pair of tie rods arranged on both sides of the steering gear unit 4 are pushed and pulled, and a steering angle corresponding to the operation amount of the steering wheel 1 is given to the pair of left and right steering wheels.
- the pair of universal joints 6a and 6b incorporated in the vehicle steering apparatus as described above is an assembly target of the present invention, but the pair of universal joints 6a and 6b have different axes to be connected. Other than this, the basic configuration is the same. For this reason, in this embodiment, FIGS. 2 and 3 are added to FIG. 1, and a detailed description is given only for the universal joint 6a.
- the universal joint 6a is generally called a cardan joint and enables transmission of a rotational force between a pair of shafts that do not exist on the same straight line.
- One yoke 7c (to the right in FIGS. 2 to 3) includes a base 9c and a pair of connecting arm portions 10c and 10c extending from one axial end edge (left end edge in FIGS. 2 to 3) of the base 9c.
- the base portion 9c is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole in order to insert the end portion of the output shaft 17 constituting the electric assist device 16.
- connecting arm portions 10c and 10c extend in the axial direction of the base portion 9c from two positions which are opposite to each other in the radial direction at one axial end portion of the base portion 9c, and the inner side surfaces thereof are opposed to each other.
- concentric circular holes 11c and 11c are formed at the distal ends of the connecting arm portions 10c and 10c.
- the other yoke 7d differs from the one yoke 7c only in the shape of the base 9d.
- the base portion 9d is formed in a not-cylindrical shape with one discontinuous portion in the circumferential direction, and the inner diameter can be enlarged or reduced.
- a pair of side plate portions 18a and 18b disposed substantially parallel to each other are provided at positions that are 90 degrees out of phase with the pair of coupling arm portions 10d and 10d constituting the yoke 7d in the base portion 9d. Yes.
- bolt (not shown) is formed in one side plate part 18a.
- a screw hole for screwing a bolt is provided by press-fitting a nut into a through hole (not shown) formed in the other side plate portion 18b.
- the cross shaft 8a is formed by providing four shaft portions 12a and 12a in a state where the central axes of the adjacent shaft portions 12a and 12a are orthogonal to each other. Then, both ends of the pair of shaft portions 12a, 12a provided in the same straight line are pivotally supported inside the circular holes 11c, 11c formed in the coupling arm portions 10c, 10c of one yoke 7c. Both ends of another pair of shaft portions 12a, 12a provided in a straight line are pivotally supported inside circular holes 11d, 11d formed in the connecting arm portions 10d, 10d of the other yoke 7d.
- the end portions of the shaft portions 12a and 12a constituting the cross shaft 8a are rotatably supported inside the circular holes 11c and 11d via cup bearings 13a and 13a, respectively.
- Each cup bearing 13a corresponds to a shell-type needle bearing, and includes one cup 20 corresponding to a shell-type outer ring and a plurality of needles 21 and 21.
- the cup 20 is formed by bending a hard metal plate by plastic processing such as deep drawing, and includes a cylindrical portion 22, a bottom portion 23, and an inward flange portion 24.
- the bottom 23 closes the whole axial one end side of the cylindrical portion 22 (the outer surface side of the coupling arm portions 10c and 10d in the assembled state in the circular holes 11c and 11d).
- the inward flange portion 24 is bent inward in the radial direction from the other axial end side of the cylindrical portion 22 (in the assembled state in the circular holes 11c and 11d, the inner side surface of the coupling arm portions 10c and 10d).
- the surface facing each of the needles 21 and 21 is curved in a direction that becomes a concave surface.
- each cup 20 and 20 which has the above structures is press-fitted inside each circular hole 11c and 11d. Further, in this state, the distal end portions of the shaft portions 12a and 12a constituting the cross shaft 8a are respectively inserted inside the needles 21 and 21 in the radial direction.
- caulking portions 14a and 14a are formed at the opening edge portions of the circular holes 11c and 11d in the outer surfaces of the coupling arm portions 10c and 10d. Thereby, it is prevented that each cup 20 and 20 slips out from each circular hole 11c and 11d.
- the base 9c and the end of the output shaft 17 are welded with the end of the output shaft 17 inserted or pressed into the inside of the base 9c constituting one yoke 7c without rattling. Fix it.
- the through hole 19 formed in the one side plate portion 18a The tip of a bolt (not shown) inserted through the collar is screwed into a nut fixed to the other side plate 18b and tightened.
- the end of the intermediate shaft 3a is coupled and fixed to the base portion 9d based on the narrowing of the interval between the side plate portions 18a and 18b and the diameter reduction of the base portion 9d.
- the ends of the output shaft 17 and the intermediate shaft 3a are connected via the universal joint 6a.
- the rotational force can be transmitted between the output shaft 17 and the intermediate shaft 3a that do not exist on the same straight line.
- the configuration and function of the universal joint 6a are as described above. However, in the case of this embodiment, the formation process of the caulking portion 14a, which is a part of the assembly process of such a universal joint 6a, is performed. Execute as follows. First, in the case of the present embodiment, prior to the step of forming the caulking portion 14a, the circular hole 11c (11d) formed in the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) and the inside of the circular hole 11c (11d) are inserted. A cup bearing 13a is incorporated in a portion between the end portion of the shaft portion 12a constituting the cross shaft 8a. For the assembling work of the cup bearing 13a, various conventionally known methods can be employed.
- a press-fitting punch is used to form the circular hole 11c (11d) from the outside of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d).
- the method of pushing in can be adopted.
- An appropriate preload is applied to the cup bearing 13a in a state where the cup bearing 13a is press-fitted to the desired axial position.
- a cutting tool for example, is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) around the circular hole 11c (11d). Notching is performed by cutting using a punch or pressing using a punch.
- the opposite side of the circular hole 11c (11d) in the diametrical direction in the illustrated example, the connecting arm portion
- Notches notches, concave grooves, concave portions 25 and 25 are formed at two positions in the circumferential direction that are on the central axis of 10c.
- the notches 25 and 25 have a V-shaped cross section with respect to a virtual plane including the central axis of the circular hole 11c (11d), and are opened in a rectangular shape with respect to the outer surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d). is doing.
- the width dimension w of the opening of the notch 25 in the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) is that of the circular hole 11c (11d) in the coupling arm part 10c (10d).
- the depth dimension d of the notch 25 is 1 of the thickness dimension T of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d), which is about 1/5 to 1/2 of the dimension L in the same direction of the tip side portion with respect to the formed portion.
- the notch 25 has a constant cross-sectional shape in each tangential direction with respect to two positions on the opposite side in the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) as the formation position.
- the radially outer surface 26 constituting (defining) the notch 25 is inclined radially outward from the bottom 251 of the notch 25 toward the outer surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d). (In other words, in the example shown in the figure, it passes through the bottom 251 of the notch 25 and is inclined radially outward (opposite the cup bearing 13a) by an angle ⁇ with respect to the line A parallel to the central axis of the circular hole 11c (11d)). ing.
- the cross-sectional shape, depth dimension, and formation position (including the radial distance from the inner circumferential surface of the circular hole 11c and the circumferential position) of the notch 25, etc., are finally required. It can be determined as appropriate according to the shape, size, position, and the like.
- the radially inner side surface 29 constituting the notch 25 at the time of notching is inclined radially inward from the bottom 251 of the notch 25 toward the outer surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) (that is, in the illustrated example, the notch 25 25, and is inclined radially inward (in the cup bearing 13a side) by an angle ⁇ with respect to the line A parallel to the central axis of the circular hole 11c (11d).
- the angle ⁇ of the radially outer side surface 26 is larger than the angle ⁇ of the radially inner side surface 29.
- the radially inner portion of the notches 25 and 25 (the portion adjacent to the radially inner side) of the opening edge of the circular hole 11c (11d).
- the thin portions 27 and 27 are formed, respectively.
- a thin wall is formed between the notches 25 and 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole 11c (11d).
- the parts 27 and 27 are left as non-processed parts.
- the radially inner side surface is constituted by a part of the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole 11c (11d), and the radially outer surface is the radial direction of the notches 25, 25.
- An inner surface (entire) 29 is formed.
- the thin-walled portions 27, 27 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with respect to a virtual plane including the central axis of the circular hole 11c (11d), and the thickness of the circular hole 11c (11d) in the diametrical direction. Is smaller toward the outer surface of the coupling arm 10c (10d).
- the thickness of the thin portions 27 and 27 in the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) can be made constant over the depth direction of the notches 25 and 25.
- the thickness of the end portion on the outer surface side of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) in the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) is 0 or more, and the dimension L
- the thickness of the inner side surface end portion in the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) is also about 1/10 to 1/3 of the dimension L.
- the thin portions 27 and 27 are plastically deformed radially inward. More specifically, a front end portion of a caulking tool (not shown) is inserted into the notches 25 and 25 at the same time, and the radially outer surfaces of the thin portions 27 and 27 that are also radially inner surfaces of the notches 25 and 25 are Press simultaneously toward the lower side and the right side (right diagonally lower side) of FIG. Thereby, the thin-walled portions 27 and 27 are plastically deformed radially inward to obtain a caulking portion 14a as shown in FIG. 6B. Therefore, the caulking portion 14a extends radially inward from the portion of the circular hole 11c (11d) where the caulking portion 14a is not formed.
- the caulking portion 14a can be formed without complicating the caulking work. That is, in the case of the present embodiment, notches 25 and 25 are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) around the circular hole 11c (11d), and then the opening of the circular hole 11c (11d) is formed. Of the edge portions, the thin portions 27 and 27 respectively formed in the radially inner portions of the notches 25 and 25 are plastically deformed radially inward to obtain the crimped portions 14a and 14a.
- the cross-sectional shape of the thin-walled portions 27, 27, which are plastically deformed portions can be made sufficiently small.
- the load can be reduced sufficiently. Therefore, when these caulking portions 14a and 14 are formed, the desired caulking shape can be obtained without causing the caulking tool to collide with the thin-walled portions 27 and 27 vigorously (even when the caulking tool is slowly and statically contacted). Can be obtained.
- the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) does not have to be bent and deformed inward, so that the cup bearing 13a and the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) are formed.
- by restricting the shape, depth, formation position, and the like of the notch 25 it is possible to effectively prevent variations in the shape, formation position, and the like of the caulking portion 14a.
- the caulking load can be reduced as described above, the two thin portions 27 and 27 can be caulked and deformed at the same time. From this aspect, the assembly work time (cycle time) is also possible. Can be shortened.
- FIG. 7A to 7C show structures in which the positions where the notches 25 and 25 (thin portions 27 and 27) are formed are changed as a modification of the present embodiment.
- notches 25 are formed at three circumferentially equidistant positions in the vicinity of the periphery of the circular hole 11c (11d).
- FIG. 7B notches 25 and 25 are formed at four circumferentially equidistant positions in the vicinity of the periphery of the circular hole 11c (11d).
- FIG. 7C among the portions near the periphery of the circular hole 11c (11d), three notches 25, 25 are provided, three at each of two positions opposite to the diameter direction of the circular hole 11c (11d). Is forming.
- the position and number of the notches 25 and the caulking portions 14a are appropriately changed as in the above modification. I can do it.
- the notches 25, 25 can be formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction as in the present embodiment and FIGS. 7A and 7B, or the notches 25, 25 can be formed as shown in FIG. 25 may be formed at unequal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- an annular notch 25a is formed so as to surround the circular hole 11c (11d) in the vicinity of the periphery of the circular hole 11c (11d) on the outer surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d). Is forming.
- an annular thin portion 27a is formed at the opening edge of the circular hole 11c (11d) at the radially inner portion of the notch 25a.
- the caulking portion 14a ⁇ see FIG. 2, FIG. 6A, etc. ⁇ is formed by plastically deforming the thin portion 27a radially inward.
- the notch 25a can be processed in one step by forming the notch 25a by cutting. For this reason, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the number of notch processing steps can be reduced compared to the case where the number of processing steps is required for the number of notches to be formed.
- a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction are plastically deformed radially inward, or the whole (range over the entire circumference) is radially inward. Can be plastically deformed.
- the equally spaced positions may be plastically deformed in the circumferential direction, or the unequally spaced positions may be plastically deformed in the circumferential direction.
- a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a notch portion (recessed portion) 28 opened on the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole 11c (11d) and the outer surface of the coupling arm portion 10c (10d) is formed in a portion where the phases are coincident with each other.
- the cutout portion 28 has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape with respect to a virtual plane including the central axis of the circular hole 11c (11d), and the depth dimension thereof is substantially the same as the depth dimension of the notch 25. .
- the opening width of the notch 28 in the circumferential direction of the circular hole 11c (11d) is the same as the opening width of the notch 25 in the same direction.
- the cross-sectional area of the thin portion 27b formed in the radially inner portion of the notch 25 can be further reduced by forming the notch portion 28. For this reason, it is possible to further reduce the caulking load required when the thin portion 27b is plastically deformed radially inward. About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of 1st Embodiment.
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the shape of the notch 25 that opens to the outer surface of the coupling arm 10c (10d) shown in FIG. 5 is rectangular
- the shape of the notch 25b is triangular. It is said.
- the area is smaller than that of the rectangular shape, and the resistance during processing of the notch 25b can be reduced.
- the gradually-thickened portion tends to be closer to the circular hole 11c side, and the next step is easy to deform when plastically deforming radially inward of the thin portion 27. Can be done.
- the notches 25 and 25 are formed after the cup bearing 13a is incorporated in a portion between the circular hole 11c (11d) and the end of the shaft portion 12a.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the notches 25 and 25 may be formed before the cup bearing 13a is assembled in a portion between the circular hole 11c (11d) and the end of the shaft portion 12a.
- the cross shaft type universal joint which is the object of the assembling method of the present invention is not limited to the steering device, and can be used in a state assembled to a propeller shaft and various torque transmission mechanisms.
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Abstract
Description
尚、本発明を実施する場合に、前記ノッチは、切削工具を用いた切削加工により形成しても良いし、パンチを用いたプレス加工により形成しても良い。
又、本発明を実施する場合、前記ノッチの断面形状は特に問わないが、例えばV字形、U字形、I字形等の形状を採用する事ができる。
又、前記ノッチの断面形状としてV字形を採用した(ノッチの径方向外側面を傾斜させた)場合には、ノッチ加工時に生じる材料の逃げを確保し易くできると共に、薄肉部を径方向内方に塑性変形させる際に、かしめ工具の先端部を前記ノッチに挿入し易くする事ができる。
或いは、前記ノッチの形成は、前記円孔と前記軸部の端部との間部分に、前記カップ軸受を組み込む前に行われてもよい。
尚、この場合には、前記複数のノッチを、前記円孔の周囲近傍部分に、円周方向に関して等間隔に形成する事もできるし、又は、円周方向に関して不等間隔に形成する事もできる。
尚、この場合には、前記円環状の薄肉部のうち、円周方向複数個所を径方向内方に塑性変形させたり、全体(全周に亙る範囲)を径方向内方に塑性変形させる事ができる。又、円周方向複数個所を塑性変形させる場合には、例えば、円周方向に関して等間隔位置を塑性変形させても良いし、円周方向に関して不等間隔位置を塑性変形させても良い。
一対のヨークと、前記ヨーク同士を揺動変位自在に結合する十字軸と、を備え、
前記一対のヨークは、基部と、該基部の軸方向一端部で径方向反対側となる2箇所位置から軸方向に延出する1対の結合腕部と、前記1対の結合腕部の先端部に互いに同心に形成された1対の円孔と、を備え、
前記十字軸は、隣り合う軸部の中心軸同士が互いに直交する状態で設けられた4本の軸部を備え、
前記結合腕部に形成された前記円孔と、前記十字軸の軸部の端部との間部分には、カップ軸受が組み込まれる。
前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の開口縁部で、且つ、前記ノッチの径方向内側部分には、前記円孔よりも径方向内側に延出し、前記カップ軸受が前記円孔から外方に抜け出る事を防止するかしめ部が形成され、
前記ノッチを構成する径方向外側面は、前記結合腕部の外側面に向けて径方向外側に傾斜する傾斜面を構成する。
即ち、本発明の場合には、結合腕部の外側面のうち円孔の周囲近傍部分にノッチを形成した後、前記円孔の開口縁部のうち前記ノッチの径方向内側部分に形成された薄肉部を、径方向内方に塑性変形させてかしめ部を得る。この為、この様なノッチを形成しない場合に比べて、かしめ部を形成する際のかしめ荷重を低減する事ができる。従って、前記かしめ部を形成する際に、かしめ工具を前記薄肉部に対して勢い良く衝突させなくても(ゆっくりと静的に衝突させた場合にも)、所望のかしめ形状を得られる。これにより、本発明の場合には、前記かしめ部を形成する際に、前記結合腕部を撓み変形させずに済む為、前記カップ軸受と前記結合腕部とを抑えるなどの対策を施さずとも、前記円孔と前記カップ軸受との軸方向位置がずれる事を有効に防止できる。この為、かしめ作業が煩雑になる事を防止でき、十字軸式自在継手の組立時間の短縮化を図れる。又、本発明の場合には、前記ノッチの形状、深さ、及び、形成位置等を規制する事で、得られるかしめ部の形状や形成位置等にばらつきが生じる事を有効に防止できる。更に、本発明の場合には、上述した様に、かしめ荷重を低減できる為、複数の薄肉部を同時にかしめ変形させる事が可能になり、この面からも組立時間(サイクルタイム)の短縮化を図る事ができる。
本発明の第1実施形態に就いて、図1~6を参照しつつ説明する。図示の自動車用操舵装置は、後端部にステアリングホイール1(図12参照)を固定したステアリングシャフト2aを、円筒状のステアリングコラム15の内側に、回転自在に支持している。操舵時に、ステアリングホイール1の動きは、ステアリングシャフト2a、電動アシスト装置16、自在継手6a、中間シャフト3a、別の自在継手6bを介して、ステアリングギヤユニット4の入力軸5(図12参照)に伝達される。そして、入力軸5が回転すると、ステアリングギヤユニット4の両側に配置された1対のタイロッドが押し引きされて左右1対の操舵輪に、ステアリングホイール1の操作量に応じた舵角が付与される。
一方(図2~3の右方)のヨーク7cは、基部9cと、基部9cの軸方向一端縁(図2~3の左端縁)から延出した1対の結合腕部10c、10cとを備える。基部9cは、電動アシスト装置16を構成する出力軸17の端部を挿入する為、全体を略円筒状に形成している。又、結合腕部10c、10cは、基部9cの軸方向一端部で径方向反対側となる2個所位置から、基部9cの軸方向に延出しており、互いの内側面同士を対向させている。又、結合腕部10c、10cの先端部には、互いに同心の円孔11c、11cを形成している。
先ず、本実施形態の場合には、かしめ部14aの形成工程に先立って、結合腕部10c(10d)に形成された円孔11c(11d)と、この円孔11c(11d)の内側に挿入された十字軸8aを構成する軸部12aの端部との間部分に、カップ軸受13aを組み込んでおく。この様なカップ軸受13aの組み込み作業は、従来から知られた各種方法を採用する事ができるが、例えば、圧入パンチを用いて、結合腕部10c(10d)の外側から円孔11c(11d)内に押し込む方法を採用できる。そして、カップ軸受13aを所期の軸方向位置まで圧入した状態で、該カップ軸受13aには適正な予圧が付与される。
即ち、本実施形態の場合には、結合腕部10c(10d)の外側面のうち、円孔11c(11d)の周囲部分にノッチ25、25を形成した後、円孔11c(11d)の開口縁部のうち、ノッチ25、25の径方向内側部分にそれぞれ形成された薄肉部27、27を、径方向内方に塑性変形させてかしめ部14a、14aを得る。この為、本実施形態の様なノッチを形成しない場合に比べて、塑性変形させる部分である薄肉部27、27の断面形状を十分に小さくできる為、かしめ部14a、14aを形成する際のかしめ荷重を十分に低減する事ができる。従って、これらかしめ部14a、14を形成する際に、薄肉部27、27に対してかしめ工具を勢い良く衝突させる事なく(ゆっくりと静的に当接させた場合にも)、所望のかしめ形状を得る事ができる。この為、本実施形態の場合には、かしめ部14a、14aを形成する際に、結合腕部10c(10d)を内側に撓み変形させずに済む為、カップ軸受13aと結合腕部10c(10d)とを抑えるなどの対策を施さずとも、円孔11c(11d)とカップ軸受13aとの軸方向位置がずれる事を有効に防止できる。この為、かしめ作業が煩雑になる事を防止でき、自在継手6aの組立作業時間の短縮化を図れる。又、本実施形態の場合には、ノッチ25の形状、深さ、及び、形成位置等を規制する事で、かしめ部14aの形状や形成位置等にばらつきが生じる事を有効に防止できる。更に、本実施形態の場合には、上述した様にかしめ荷重を低減できる為、2つの薄肉部27、27を同時にかしめ変形させる事が可能であり、この面からも組立作業時間(サイクルタイム)の短縮化を図る事ができる。
本発明の第2実施形態に就いて、図8を参照しつつ説明する。本実施形態の場合には、結合腕部10c(10d)の外側面のうち、円孔11c(11d)の周囲近傍部分に、この円孔11c(11d)を取り囲む様に、円環状のノッチ25aを形成している。これにより、このノッチ25aの径方向内側部分で、円孔11c(11d)の開口縁部に、円環状の薄肉部27aを形成している。そして、本実施形態の場合には、薄肉部27aを径方向内方に塑性変形させる事により、かしめ部14a{図2、図6(A)等参照}を形成する。
その他の構成及び作用効果に就いては、第1実施形態の場合と同様である。
本発明の第3実施形態に就いて、図9及び図10を参照しつつ説明する。本実施形態の場合には、ノッチ25の加工工程に前後して、又は、ノッチ25の加工工程と同時に、円孔11c(11d)の開口縁部のうち、ノッチ25の形成位置と円周方向に関する位相が一致する部分に、円孔11c(11d)内周面及び結合腕部10c(10d)の外側面にそれぞれ開口した切り欠き部(凹み部)28を形成する。図示の例では、切り欠き部28は、円孔11c(11d)の中心軸を含む仮想平面に関する断面形状が略矩形状であり、その深さ寸法はノッチ25の深さ寸法とほぼ同じである。又、円孔11c(11d)の円周方向に関する切り欠き部28の開口幅は、ノッチ25の同方向に関する開口幅と同じである。
その他の構成及び作用効果に就いては、第1実施形態の場合と同様である。
本発明の第4実施形態に就いて、図11を参照しつつ説明する。図5に示した結合腕部10c(10d)の外側面に対して開口するノッチ25の形状が矩形状であるのに対して、本実施形態の場合には、ノッチ25bの同形状を三角形状としている。三角形状とすることによって、矩形状よりも面積が小さくなってノッチ25bの加工時の抵抗を小さくできる。更に、三角形状の2つの斜辺によってノッチ25bの加工時に、徐肉部分が円孔11c側に寄り易くなり、次の工程である薄肉部27の径方向内方に塑性変形させる際の変形を容易に行うことができる。
例えば、上記実施形態では、ノッチ25、25の形成は、円孔11c(11d)と軸部12aの端部との間部分に、カップ軸受13aを組み込んだ後に行われているが、本発明は、これに限定されない。
即ち、ノッチ25、25の形成は、円孔11c(11d)と軸部12aの端部との間部分に、カップ軸受13aを組み込む前に行われてもよい。
2、2a ステアリングシャフト
3、3a 中間シャフト
4 ステアリングギヤユニット
5 入力軸
6、6a、6b 自在継手
7a、7b、7c、7d ヨーク
8、8a 十字軸
9a、9b、9c、9d 基部
10a、10b、10c、10d 結合腕部
11a、11b、11c、11d 円孔
12、12a 軸部
13、13a カップ軸受
14、14a かしめ部
15 ステアリングコラム
16 電動アシスト装置
17 出力軸
18a、18b 側板部
19 通孔
20 カップ
21 ニードル
22 円筒部
23 底部
24 内向鍔部
25、25a、25b ノッチ
26 径方向外側面
27、27a、27b、27c 薄肉部
28 切り欠き部
Claims (6)
- ヨークを構成する結合腕部に形成された円孔と、該円孔の内側に挿入された十字軸を構成する軸部の端部との間部分に、カップ軸受を組み込んだ後、前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の開口縁部を径方向内方に塑性変形させてかしめ部を形成する、十字軸式自在継手の組立方法であって、
前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の周囲近傍部分にノッチを形成した後、前記円孔の開口縁部のうち前記ノッチの径方向内側部分に形成された薄肉部を、径方向内方に塑性変形させて前記かしめ部とする、
事を特徴とする十字軸式自在継手の組立方法。 - 前記ノッチの形成は、前記円孔と前記軸部の端部との間部分に、前記カップ軸受を組み込んだ後に行われる、請求項1に記載した十字軸式自在継手の組立方法。
- 前記ノッチの形成は、前記円孔と前記軸部の端部との間部分に、前記カップ軸受を組み込む前に行われる、請求項1に記載した十字軸式自在継手の組立方法。
- 前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の周囲近傍部分に複数のノッチを形成した後、前記円孔の開口縁部のうち前記複数のノッチの径方向内側部分にそれぞれ形成された複数の薄肉部を、径方向内方に同時に塑性変形させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載した十字軸式自在継手の組立方法。
- 前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の周囲近傍部分に前記円孔を取り囲む円環状のノッチを形成した後、前記ノッチの径方向内側部分で前記円孔の開口縁部に形成された円環状の薄肉部を径方向内方に塑性変形させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載した十字軸式自在継手の組立方法。
- 一対のヨークと、前記ヨーク同士を揺動変位自在に結合する十字軸と、を備え、
前記一対のヨークは、基部と、該基部の軸方向一端部で径方向反対側となる2箇所位置から軸方向に延出する1対の結合腕部と、前記1対の結合腕部の先端部に互いに同心に形成された1対の円孔と、を備え、
前記十字軸は、隣り合う軸部の中心軸同士が互いに直交する状態で設けられた4本の軸部を備え、
前記結合腕部に形成された前記円孔と、前記十字軸の軸部の端部との間部分には、カップ軸受が組み込まれる十字軸式自在継手であって、
前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の周囲近傍部分には、ノッチが形成されており、
前記結合腕部の外側面のうち前記円孔の開口縁部で、且つ、前記ノッチの径方向内側部分には、前記円孔よりも径方向内側に延出し、前記カップ軸受が前記円孔から外方に抜け出る事を防止するかしめ部が形成され、
前記ノッチを構成する径方向外側面は、前記結合腕部の外側面に向けて径方向外側に傾斜する傾斜面を構成する、
事を特徴とする十字軸式自在継手。
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JP6160183B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 | 2017-07-12 | 日本精工株式会社 | 十字軸式自在継手及び十字軸式自在継手の製造方法 |
EP3001061B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2017-11-01 | NSK Ltd. | Method of manufacturing cross shaft universal joint |
JP6398186B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 | 2018-10-03 | 日本精工株式会社 | 自在継手、自在継手の加締め及び自在継手の製造方法 |
JP6341276B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2018-06-13 | 日本精工株式会社 | 十字軸式自在継手用ヨーク及びその製造方法 |
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- 2017-01-24 JP JP2017564256A patent/JP6631642B2/ja active Active
- 2017-01-24 EP EP17744168.0A patent/EP3396189B1/en active Active
- 2017-01-24 CN CN201780008563.7A patent/CN108603538A/zh not_active Withdrawn
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JP5333597B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-08 | 2013-11-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | かしめ締結部品、かしめ締結部品の締結方法、かしめ締結部品の製造方法 |
JP2015117761A (ja) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-25 | 日本精工株式会社 | 自在継手の製造方法 |
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EP3396189A4 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
US11022182B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
EP3396189A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
JPWO2017130938A1 (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
EP3396189B1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
JP6631642B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 |
CN108603538A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
US20190024724A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
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