WO2017121592A1 - Ensemble comportant au moins deux pièces d'un système d'échappement et procédé d'assemblage - Google Patents

Ensemble comportant au moins deux pièces d'un système d'échappement et procédé d'assemblage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017121592A1
WO2017121592A1 PCT/EP2016/082106 EP2016082106W WO2017121592A1 WO 2017121592 A1 WO2017121592 A1 WO 2017121592A1 EP 2016082106 W EP2016082106 W EP 2016082106W WO 2017121592 A1 WO2017121592 A1 WO 2017121592A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
components
intermediate element
cold
assembly according
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/082106
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thorsten Keesser
Original Assignee
Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh filed Critical Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh
Publication of WO2017121592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017121592A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly comprising at least two components of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the at least two components consist of a metal or a metal composite comprising corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels, steels with anticorrosion layer, titanium, titanium alloys and aluminum alloys Group stems, and are joined together by a cold welding connection. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for joining at least two components made of special metal of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine by a cold welding connection.
  • the material used according to the invention is in particular stainless steel.
  • the other metallic (composite) materials which are included in the aforementioned group may also be considered more generally.
  • electro-magnetic pulse welding is preferable to a conventional welding method, since no spatter is generated during electro-magnetic pulse welding. This effectively prevents spatters from dissolving during operation of the exhaust system and, as loose particles, from damaging components of the exhaust system or of the engine.
  • the electro-magnetic pulse welding in which by the pressure of a magnetic field, two electrically conductive components are accelerated towards each other so quickly that a cold weld between them, has long been known in the art.
  • Magnetic pulse welding In addition to the term “electro-magnetic pulse welding”, the terms “magnetic pulse welding” or the English term “electromagnetic pulse welding” (EMP welding) are also common In the following, these terms are used as synonyms Magnetic pulse welding is known in the art both for connections of pipes as well as for the joining of flat components, eg sheets.
  • Stainless steels, stainless steels and titanium materials generally have a comparatively low electrical conductivity. Therefore, when welding two components made of stainless steel by means of magnetic pulse welding a very high energy must be introduced via the external magnetic field. But even with strong magnetic fields, it is still technologically highly demanding to produce a durable and tight cold weld between two stainless steel components. There is a conflict of objectives, in particular when welding pipes, between the production of a load-bearing cold weld joint by means of a strong magnetic field and the prevention of the collapse of the inner joining partner.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to simplify the welding of components made of stainless steel or other alloys, which can be poorly connected by means of magnetic pulse welding.
  • the amount of energy required for magnetic pulse welding is to be reduced, without affecting the quality of the cold welding connection.
  • the object is achieved by a generic assembly in which the cold welding connection comprises at least one additional element.
  • the additional element is based on the problem areas discussed above and can on the one hand improve the ability to accelerate the components to be welded and on the other hand promote the emergence of a cold weld at low accelerations. In both cases, it is thus achieved that less energy is required to create a welded joint.
  • the welded connection can be the final connection between the components and the intermediate element. However, it is also possible that the welded connection is a rather preliminary or insufficiently strong welded connection and that the components are finally connected to one another only after a further processing step.
  • the additional element is formed as an intermediate element which is arranged such that the at least two components each form a cold weld with the intermediate element, wherein a direct cold weld between the two components preferably does not exist.
  • the intermediate element thus forms an intermediate layer over which the cold welding connection is realized. It exploits the fact that a cold welding of the metal or the metal composite material with the material of the intermediate element can be realized with less energy input than the cold welding of stainless steel, for example, with stainless steel. Since there is no direct cold welding connection between the metal or metal composite components in this embodiment, the amount of energy required for the magnetic pulse welding can be reduced.
  • the intermediate element can be made of a material that is softer than the metal or the metal composite and in particular softer than stainless steel and / or has a lower modulus of elasticity than the metal or metal composite used, the material in particular copper, aluminum or Nickel is.
  • the material in particular copper, aluminum or Nickel is.
  • the choice of such a material influences the emergence of a cold weld in a positive sense. This means that a cold welding connection is produced using a smaller amount of energy than would be the case with a direct welding of two components made of stainless steel, for example.
  • copper, aluminum or nickel alloys can also be used. These materials have been found to be particularly suitable intermediate elements.
  • the at least two components can additionally be connected to one another by a solder connection, wherein the intermediate element is a solder in the solder connection.
  • the solder joint is particularly advantageous if the cold weld between the components and the intermediate element is not used for the final connection, but the components rather provisionally in the sense of stapling together.
  • the soldering, the z. B. effected by heating the components joined by means of magnetic pulse welding, can do without an additional solder. This provides an easy-to-implement option for further improving the joint between the two components.
  • the additional element may also be an acceleration element, which is arranged on a side facing away from the cold welding connection of one of the at least two components, has a lower electrical resistivity than the component and is in particular made of copper.
  • an acceleration element which is arranged on a side facing away from the cold welding connection of one of the at least two components, has a lower electrical resistivity than the component and is in particular made of copper.
  • the acceleration element can be accelerated with little energy input from the magnetic field applied during magnetic pulse welding. Since the acceleration element is arranged on the side facing away from the joint of a component, the accelerating element takes in its accelerated movement with the component to be joined. With this method, even components with low electrical conductivity can be accelerated sufficiently fast, so that they can form a cold weld joint.
  • the acceleration element can be designed as a foil or strip material, for example. Furthermore, the acceleration element can be used together with an intermediate element or without intermediate element.
  • the at least two components are tubes, wherein a first tube is at least partially within a second tube and the additional element is annular. Is the additional element a Intermediate element, so the ring is in the joint between the two partially nested tubes. If the additional element is an acceleration element, then this sits as a ring on the outside of the outer tube in the region of the joint, ie the overlapping zone of the two tubes.
  • This arrangement and design guarantees a repeatable and robust manufacturing process.
  • such a weld can be created, which has a consistent quality over the entire circumference of the tubes.
  • the cold welding connection is preferably produced by a magnetic impulse welding method.
  • Advantageous properties of magnetic pulse welding are that this method introduces less heat into the components to be joined than, for example, in arc welding.
  • no spatter welding occurs during magnetic pulse welding.
  • material combinations can be welded via magnetic pulse welding, which can not be joined using conventional (fusion) welding processes.
  • the object is achieved by a generic method, in which between the at least two components, an intermediate element is arranged and the at least two components are each joined to the intermediate element by a cold welding connection.
  • the components made of metal or metal composite material are not directly welded together, but via the intermediate element.
  • the amount of energy necessary for the process can be reduced.
  • a variant of the method also provides that the intermediate element is made of a material which is softer than the metal or metal composite material used and / or has a lower modulus of elasticity than the latter, the material being in particular copper, aluminum or nickel , Of course, alloys of copper, aluminum or nickel can be used.
  • the magnetic pulse welding method by means of the magnetic pulse welding method, a cold welding connection between the one component and the intermediate element and between the intermediate element and the other component is produced. In other words, the final connection between the components and the intermediate element is made by the magnetic impulse welding method.
  • the method can additionally solder the at least two components together, wherein the intermediate element acts as a solder.
  • This additional soldering step further improves the connection between the two components. This is particularly advantageous if the components are not or not completely connected to each other by means of the magnetic pulse welding process, but for example, the cold welding connection is formed only to the extent that the components are only stapled. In this case, the components can then be finally secured together by means of soldering.
  • the soldering can be done for example by heating the joined components in a furnace or by means of induction coils. Since the intermediate element acts as a solder, no solder has to be added from the outside in this method, which simplifies the process. Next are so the components to be soldered already positioned in their joining position to each other. A method step of aligning and / or fixing can therefore be dispensed with.
  • the coils can be used, which are also used for magnetic pulse welding.
  • heat treatment of the components may take place during soldering.
  • this heat treatment it may, for. B. hold a glow to reduce residual stresses.
  • heat treatments are possible to produce a desired texture.
  • heat treatment hardening process for. As nitriding, are performed.
  • an acceleration element is arranged on a side facing away from the respective other component side of one of the at least two components and has a lower electrical resistivity than the component.
  • the accelerating element is made of copper. This ensures that the process can be cold-welded with low energy consumption components with low electrical conductivity or with a high electrical resistivity.
  • the at least two components and the intermediate element can be diffusion-annealed below a melting temperature of the intermediate element. As a result, structural inhomogeneities are reduced.
  • the at least two components can be tubes, wherein a first tube lies at least partially within a second tube and the intermediate element and / or the acceleration element is or are annular.
  • the method is thus suitable for the important technological field of pipe connections.
  • the formation of intermediate and acceleration elements as rings is a simple alignment of the components to be joined to each other possible, so that welded joints can be made that meet strict dimensional tolerances.
  • the cold weld joint is produced by a magnetic pulse welding process.
  • the assembly according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained for components made of stainless steel.
  • the assembly according to the invention can also consist of components which are made of another material with poor electrical conductivity, for example titanium or titanium alloys.
  • components made of composite materials can be welded, for example sheets of steel or stainless steel, which are provided with a corrosion protection layer, for example of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, nickel or a nickel alloy. With the method according to the invention also such components can be joined.
  • FIG. 1 shows the assembly according to the invention before it is welded using an intermediate element and optionally an acceleration element.
  • FIG. 2 shows the assembly according to the invention from FIG. 1 in the welded state
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the assembly according to the invention, before it is welded using an acceleration element
  • FIG. 4 shows the assembly according to the invention from FIG. 3 in the welded state
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 4th
  • stainless steel should be understood in this context maximum broad and include all steel materials with poor electrical conductivity.
  • a first tube 10 is partially disposed within a second tube 20, which has a larger diameter than the first tube. Both tubes 10, 20 are arranged so that their central axes 25 coincide.
  • an additional element is used for the welding of the tubes 10, 20, which is designed as an intermediate element 30.
  • the intermediate element 30 has the shape of a ring and is arranged in the region of the overlap between the tube 10 and the tube 20.
  • a further additional element may be used, which is designed as an acceleration element 40 and is made of copper, for example. Because of the optional character in this embodiment, this is Acceleration element 40 shown in dashed lines.
  • the acceleration element 40 is annular and sits in the region of the overlap of the two tubes 10, 20 on the outer circumferential surface of the tube 20th
  • the two tubes 10, 20 and the intermediate element 30 and the optional acceleration element 40 are located within a coil 50, which schematically represents a system for magnetic pulse welding.
  • FIG. 2 now shows the assembly of FIG. 1 after the welding of the two tubes 10, 20 with a magnetic impulse welding method.
  • Welding involves turning on a current that passes through the coil 50 and thereby generates a strong magnetic field, the pressure of which presses the walls of the tube 20 onto the walls of the tube 10 at a very high rate of acceleration and speed.
  • the additional element has the shape of the intermediate element 30. Therefore, now arise two cold welding joints.
  • a first cold weld joint 60 is interposed between a portion of the outer surface of the tube 10 and the inner surface of the intermediate member 30.
  • a second cold weld joint 62 exists between the outer surface of the intermediate member 30 and a portion of the inner surface of the outer tube 20. Compounds, the tube 20 was plastically deformed by the magnetic pulse welding process.
  • acceleration element 40 was optionally used, this has also plastically deformed under the influence of the magnetic field and is seated on the outer jacket surface of the tube 20 even in the situation illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the acceleration element 40 can be connected to the outer jacket surface of the tube 20 However, this is irrelevant in the illustrated application.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which the tube 10 is to be welded to the tube 20.
  • the acceleration element 40 is used in this embodiment.
  • the intermediate element is not provided.
  • FIG. 3 the arrangement of the elements before welding is shown again.
  • the tubes 10, 20 are again arranged so that the central axes 25 coincide and the tubes 10, 20 at least partially overlap.
  • the first tube 10 is inserted into the second tube 20.
  • the acceleration element 40 again has the shape of a ring and is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the tube 20 in the region of the overlap between the two tubes 10, 20.
  • the assembly is shown after welding. Again, due to the magnetic field generated by the coil 50 in the magnetic pulse welding process, the outer tube 20 was plastically deformed.
  • FIG. 5 the cutout I from FIG. 2 is shown enlarged, so that the cold welding joints 60, 62 between the first tube 10 and the intermediate element 30 as well as between the second tube 20 and the intermediate element 30 can be clearly seen.
  • the cold welding joints 60, 62 consist on a microscopic scale of numerous positive connections, with which the two joining partners are microscopically eingkrallt each other.
  • the cold weld connections 60, 62 have a characteristic wave profile.
  • first diffusion zone 66 in the first tube 10 and a second diffusion zone 68 in the second tube 20 are shown schematically.
  • the diffusion zones 66, 68 are formed by soldering the two tubes 10, 20 downstream of the magnetic pulse welding.
  • the intermediate element 30 was used as a solder.
  • the cold weld joint 64 forms directly between the first tube 10 and the second tube 20 and also has a characteristic waveform. Also, the cold weld 64 exists on a microscopic scale of numerous form-fitting connections, with which the two joining partners are microscopically clawed into each other.
  • the assembly according to the invention and the method according to the invention have been illustrated by way of example with reference to a connection of two pipes of an exhaust system.
  • the assembly according to the invention also includes connections between flat components, eg. B. two sheets, a.
  • complex components can be joined using the method according to the invention. These may be, for example, housings of silencers, particulate filters or catalysts. Deviating from the embodiment shown and described, the components welded together may also consist of titanium or a titanium alloy or of an aluminum alloy. It is also possible that the components are provided with a corrosion protection layer, for example of an aluminum alloy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble comportant au moins deux pièces d'un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, les deux pièces ou plus étant composées d'un métal ou d'un matériau composite métallique qui provient du groupe comprenant les aciers inoxydables et réfractaires, les aciers revêtus d'une couche anticorrosion, le titane, les alliages de titane et les alliages d'aluminium, et étant assemblées l'une à l'autre par un joint soudé à froid (60, 62). Le joint soudé à froid (60, 62) comprend au moins un élément additionnel. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux pièces d'un système d'échappement par un joint soudé à froid (60, 62), les pièces étant composées d'un métal ou d'un matériau composite qui provient du groupe comprenant les aciers inoxydables et réfractaires, les aciers revêtus d'une couche anticorrosion, le titane, les alliages de titane et les alliages d'aluminium. Un élément intermédiaire (30) est agencé entre les deux pièces ou plus, et les deux pièces ou plus sont respectivement assemblées à l'élément intermédiaire par un joint soudé à froid (60, 62).
PCT/EP2016/082106 2016-01-13 2016-12-21 Ensemble comportant au moins deux pièces d'un système d'échappement et procédé d'assemblage WO2017121592A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016100470.7 2016-01-13
DE102016100470.7A DE102016100470A1 (de) 2016-01-13 2016-01-13 Baugruppe mit mindestens zwei Bauteilen einer Abgasanlage und Verfahren zum Fügen

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109514072A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-03-26 哈工大机器人（岳阳）军民融合研究院 一种适用于金属板件焊接的磁脉冲焊接窗口和测量结构
CN110666331A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-01-10 重庆理工大学 利用示踪粒子追踪电磁脉冲焊接金属射流的方法
CN113102858A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2021-07-13 武汉理工大学 管件磁脉冲焊接装置及利用其进行管件焊接的方法
CN114505574A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-05-17 重庆科技学院 一种焊缝平整的电磁脉冲焊接装置

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WO2019117865A1 (fr) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-20 Siemens Energy, Inc. Procédé, système et appareil destinés à être utilisés dans la fabrication additive d'un élément de superalliage à l'aide d'un soudage par impulsions magnétiques
CN109732167A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2019-05-10 江苏科技大学 用于铜/铝管件的钎焊装置及其钎焊方法
FR3106192B1 (fr) * 2020-01-15 2023-11-24 Faurecia Systemes Dechappement Réservoir, notamment pour hydrogène, à étanchéité améliorée
CN115026401B (zh) * 2022-08-10 2022-11-22 太原科技大学 一种镁合金板与钢板磁脉冲焊接方法

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JPS5952031B2 (ja) * 1981-03-30 1984-12-17 株式会社東芝 冷間圧接方法
DD159116A1 (de) * 1981-05-20 1983-02-16 Klaus Wunderlich Akusto-optisches bauelement

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US20040074095A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-04-22 Stempien Vincent M. Electromagnetic pulse welding of vehicle engine and exhaust components
EP1431073A2 (fr) * 2002-12-16 2004-06-23 Dana Corporation Procédé de raccordement pour des composants d'essieu
US20080072584A1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2008-03-27 Haimian Cai Vehicle exhaust component assembly using magnetic pulse welding

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109514072A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-03-26 哈工大机器人（岳阳）军民融合研究院 一种适用于金属板件焊接的磁脉冲焊接窗口和测量结构
CN110666331A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-01-10 重庆理工大学 利用示踪粒子追踪电磁脉冲焊接金属射流的方法
CN113102858A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2021-07-13 武汉理工大学 管件磁脉冲焊接装置及利用其进行管件焊接的方法
CN114505574A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-05-17 重庆科技学院 一种焊缝平整的电磁脉冲焊接装置
CN114505574B (zh) * 2022-04-08 2023-06-06 重庆科技学院 一种焊缝平整的电磁脉冲焊接装置

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