WO2018010975A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une couche sur une surface d'un élément et procédé permettant de réaliser une liaison soudée - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une couche sur une surface d'un élément et procédé permettant de réaliser une liaison soudée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018010975A1
WO2018010975A1 PCT/EP2017/066253 EP2017066253W WO2018010975A1 WO 2018010975 A1 WO2018010975 A1 WO 2018010975A1 EP 2017066253 W EP2017066253 W EP 2017066253W WO 2018010975 A1 WO2018010975 A1 WO 2018010975A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
component
welding
weld
produced
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/066253
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2018010975A9 (fr
Inventor
Erhard BRÜCKNER
Original Assignee
Areva Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva Gmbh filed Critical Areva Gmbh
Publication of WO2018010975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018010975A1/fr
Publication of WO2018010975A9 publication Critical patent/WO2018010975A9/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
    • B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
    • B23K9/048—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution on cylindrical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a layer on a surface of a component and to a method for producing a welded connection between a component and a method for producing a welded connection between a component and a component Layer having first component and a second component.
  • Suitable components are in particular tubes or pipe sockets in question, the inside of which comes into contact with a corrosive medium.
  • here is the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant to call in which circulates as a primary coolant under pressure and high temperatures having water.
  • surfaces of the components in contact with the water are provided with a protective layer since, for reasons of strength, no independently corrosion-resistant material may be used.
  • a pipe connected only to the connecting piece of a reactor pressure vessel can be made entirely of a more corrosion-resistant material.
  • Such a protective layer or intermediate layer is also produced, for example, by welding.
  • the problem arises that the base material of the component in the heat-affected zone of the welding process. hardens, that is converted from a fine grain structure into a coarse grain structure, which in turn can have a negative effect on the strength, in particular toughness and service life of the component.
  • the component dad urch be damaged, which is particularly problematic for safety-related components.
  • it is known to carry out the welding under preheating and subsequently a post-treatment of heat, for example stress relieving, in order to reduce residual stresses and hardness zones in the base material of the component.
  • Another possi probability is the respective Welding layers of
  • a further object of the invention is to propose a method for the production of a welded connection between a first component having such a layer and a second component.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1.
  • the layer is produced by at least two or more welding layers.
  • a first welding layer is produced on the surface of the component.
  • a subsequent step is at least a part of the previously on the Surface of the component generated first weld layer removed.
  • a second welding layer is produced in a further step (step c)). The removal of the part of the first welding layer takes place mechanically, in particular in a turning and / or milling method and to such an extent that a hardness of the component after the manufacture of the layer is reduced to a maximum of 300 ° HV5.
  • the reduced hardness becomes a targeted and mechanical partial processing of the first one
  • the base material of the component is converted from a fine grain structure into a coarse grain structure during the welding process in the heat-affected zone, which leads to undesired hardening of the green material and thus of the component.
  • the idea of the invention consists only in the mechanical processing of the first welding layer before at least one second or even several subsequent welding layers are applied thereon.
  • coarse grain regions formed in the base material of the component during the production of the first welding layer are converted into fine grain regions during the production of the second welding layer, since these are heat-treated and thus granulated during the welding process. Furthermore, it becomes that the first
  • the hardness HV5 indicates the hardness determined during a hardness test according to Vickers with the test load HV5. Subsequent heat treatment is not required so that both cost and time are saved without affecting the weld quality of the layer or component safety.
  • the welding layers are produced, for example, by a mechanized TIG welding process (tungsten inert gas welding).
  • the mechanical and mechanical removal or Abtragu ng the first weld so in particular you rch turning or milling, has the additional advantage that a targeted removal of the first weld can be done.
  • At least one further, in particular one third, welding position is produced on the surface of the second welding layer.
  • the third welding layer is thereby produced directly on the surface of the second welding layer, without first mechanically processing it, that is to say without first partially removing it.
  • the heat influence zone in the base material is no longer influenced by the production of the heated weld layer or any other welding layer, so that no recrystallization takes place.
  • the coarse grain zones of the heat affected zone produced by welding the third or each further welding layer arise only in the weld metal itself, ie in one of the welding layers previously produced, which can not be formed as coarse grain.
  • the method is independent of the component and the welding position executable.
  • the component on the surface of which the layer is produced has an inner side, an outer side and at least one end side, and the layer is preferably produced on the inner side and / or on the at least one end side.
  • the component is, for example, a pipe or a pipe section, such as the connecting piece of a reactor pressure vessel.
  • the interior of the component comes into contact with a corrosive medium during operation of the nuclear power plant, so that a layer produced on the inside, in particular a cladding, forms a corrosion protection layer.
  • the front side of the component is connected, for example, to a further component, in particular welded, so that a layer produced on the front side of the component serves as an intermediate layer or buffer layer for a subsequent welding operation.
  • Both the intermediate layer or buffer layer and the cladding can be applied to components having different flank angles, ie for example angles of 0 °, 22.5 ° or 45 ° of the front side or the inside of the component with respect to the direction of successive weld beads of a weld layer a straight surface of the component, ie parallel to the surface of the component produced weld beads (angle 0 °).
  • Small flank angles for example 0 to 1 °, as used in the narrow gap technique, are therefore the most advantageous in terms of overlap and regrowth.
  • the component has, in particular, a ferritic base body, on the surface of which the layer is produced in order thus to protect the ferritic base material against corrosion or to optimize it for the subsequent connection to a further component by means of welding methods.
  • a layer of an austenitic material has proven successful, so that the production of such a layer on an inner side of the component, that is to say a plating of the inner side, is advantageous.
  • the component is protected against corrosion and yet the required strength values for the component are achieved by its constituent material.
  • an N i -based alloy is used, this layer is preferably produced as a buffer layer on the front side of the component to subsequently obtain a reliable and resistant weld in the Verbindu ng with another component ,
  • the first and / or the second welding position and / or a further welding position are generated by at least two or more welding rollers which overlap one another laterally.
  • the second and each further bead is generated at least partially on the previously produced bead.
  • each adjacent Sch dierau pen Preferably overlap each adjacent Sch dierau pen a weld at least 40%, in particular between 50 and 80%, more preferably 50%.
  • Each bead becomes already a coarse grain area, with the first level of welding in the base material of the component and at each other
  • the coarse grain zone formed during the production of the first weld layer is located in the heat-affected zone of the layer during the production of the subsequent second weld layer and is converted into a fine grain zone during the welding process.
  • Degree of utilization of the first welding layer can be the heat influencing and heat input during the welding process and thus the
  • welding parameters are taken into account.
  • the thickness of the first welding layer is measured after the mechanical processing, in particular the turning or milling, and a comparison of this thickness with an initial thickness of the first welding layer.
  • first at least one layer is produced on the first component, this layer being produced by the method described above (step a)).
  • the first and the second component are arranged to each other so that the surfaces to be joined include a weld between them (step b)).
  • a welding seam is produced in the welding joint (step c)).
  • the first component and the second component to be connected to the first component preferably have an inner side, an outer side and an end side, wherein the front side and / or the inner side of at least the first component has a layer produced by the method described above and the first and the second component are connected together at the end faces.
  • the first component thus has on its inside a plating as a corrosion-inhibiting surface protection and / or on his Front side of a buffer layer for subsequent welding of a dissimilar material.
  • the first component in particular a connecting piece of a reactor pressure vessel, for example a ferritic base body and the second component, in particular a pipe to be connected to the connection piece of the reactor pressure vessel, has a more austenitic base body which is more resistant to corrosion.
  • the production of the welded joint between the first and the second component can take place in several stages, ie.
  • a root made of an austenitic material and / or an intermediate layer connecting the end face of the layer and the end face of the second component is first produced from a nickel alloy joining the layer to the front side of the second component.
  • the weld itself is then produced in the remaining weld joint on the root or the intermediate layer.
  • welding filler material for example, a nickel-based welding filler is used.
  • FIG. 1A-1D schematic sectional views illustrating the individual process steps for producing a layer on an inner side of a component
  • 2A-2D are schematic sectional views illustrating the individual process steps for producing a layer on a front side of a component
  • FIGS. 1A to 1D show the individual method steps for producing a first layer 2 by a plurality of successive welding layers 4, in the present case three welding layers 4a, 4b, 4c on the surface of an inner side 6 of a component 8.
  • the first component 8 in this case a pipe section, such as the connecting piece of a reactor pressure vessel, has a ferritic base body 10 with an inner side 6, an outer side 12 and an outer side 12 and inner side 6 interconnecting end face 14.
  • the ferritic base body 10 consists of a fine grain structural steel, for example 20MnMoNi5-5 (material No. 1.6310).
  • the layer 2 according to FIGS.
  • a layer adjacent to an already existing inside cladding 16 is made of a combination of an austenitic material, for example of X5CrNiNb23-12 and X5CrNiNbl9-9, around the ferritic base 10 of the component 8 to protect against corrosion by the inside flowing through the component 8 corrosive medium.
  • a first welding layer 4a is produced on the inside 6 of the first component 8.
  • the first welding layer 4a is applied in the form of a plurality of welding beads 18, in the present case five laterally overlapping welding beads 18i to 18 5 .
  • the fine grain zone 22 (not hatched area), which is already out of the overlap of the individual welding beads Parts of the coarse grain zone 20 is formed, is also in the ferritic body 10 of the component. 8
  • step b part of the first welding layer 4a is removed mechanically, for example by means of milling.
  • half of the weld layer 4 a ie 50% machined mechanically, after the production of the inside layer 2, 16 a maximum hardness of the component 8 and the ferritic Grund ⁇ body 10 of maximum 300 HV.
  • the required portion can be processed selectively and checked by measuring the thickness of the first welding layer 4a.
  • a second welding layer 4b on the surface 24 of the processed first welding layer 4a, a second welding layer 4b, in turn, produces in the form of a plurality, here five laterally overlapping weld beads 26i to 26. 5
  • the material used is again an austenitic material.
  • the coarse grain regions 20 previously formed in the base body 10 of the component 8 4a by the made in step two partial removal of the first welding layer 4a and the generating the second welding layer 4b on the Oberflä ⁇ surface 24 of the processed first welding position is converted into fine grain regions 22nd
  • Welded layer 4b newly emerging coarse grain areas 21.
  • the coarse-grained regions 4a generated in the application of the first weld bead 20, which have not been converted to fine-grain regions 22 by overlapping the weld beads 18i to 18 5 are, therefore, initially in the ferritic base material 10 of the member 8.
  • a newly generated coarse grain zone 21 when welding the second welding layer 4b is only in the weld metal, ie in the first weld layer 4a itself and thus has no negative influence on the component 8, since no coarse grain can form in the weld metal.
  • a third welding layer 4c is produced on the surface 28 of the second welding layer 4b, wherein a previous processing of the second welding layer 4b is not required, since coarse grain zones produced by the application of the third welding layer 4c only in the
  • FIGS. 2A to 2D show the individual method steps for producing a second layer 32 by a plurality of successive welding layers 34 on the front side 44 of the component 38.
  • a second layer 32 or buffer layer is preferably produced after the production of an inside plating 46.
  • the component 38 in turn a pipe section, such as the connecting piece of a reactor pressure vessel, has a ferritic base body 40 with an inner side 36, an outer side 42 and an end face 44 connecting the outer side 42 and inner side 36.
  • the ferritic base body 40 is likewise made of a fine grain structural steel, for example 20MnMoNi5-5 (material No. 1.6310).
  • the layer 32 according to FIGS. 2A to 2D, an end-side buffer layer, is made of a nickel-based material.
  • sis alloy for example made of Inconel 82 with a nickel content greater than 67 wt .-%, to allow subsequent welding with another component, such as a tube made of an austenitic material.
  • the buffer layer 32 covers the entire end face 44 and is firmly bonded to a previously produced on the inner side 36 of the component 38 inside ⁇ plating 46.
  • a first welding layer 34a is produced on the front side 44 of the component 38.
  • the first welding position 34a is in turn laterally overlapping weld beads 48i applied in the form of a plurality of weld beads 48 ,, in the present case every seven to 48. 7
  • adjacent weld beads 48, 48 i + i overlap here also to 50% of their length L, so in each case half.
  • a part of the first weld layer 34a is removed mechanically, for example by means of milling, whereby half of the first weld layer 34a, ie 50%, is mechanically removed, in order to produce the front-side layer 32 a maximum hardness of the component 38 and the ferritic body 40 of a maximum of 300 HV lake ⁇ deliver.
  • a second weld layer 34b again in the form of a plurality of weld beads 56i to 56 7 overlapping here laterally, is produced on the surface 54 of the first weld layer 34a.
  • the material used is again a nickel-based alloy.
  • a third welding layer 34c is produced on the surface 58 of the second welding layer 34b, in which case prior processing of the second welding layer 34b is not absolutely necessary since coarse grain produced by the application of the third welding layer 34c is not required. Zones of the heat-affected zone only in the weld metal, ie in one of the previous weld layers 34a, 34b arise.
  • FIG. 3 shows a transverse section of a component 38 on the surface of which a layer 32 has been produced according to the method described above. Hardness tests according to Vickers were carried out with the test load HV5, the determined hardness values for different areas are shown in FIG. Hardness values between 190 and 270 HV5 were determined in the ferritic base body 40. In a near-surface region 60 of the ferritic base body 40, ie in the heat-affected zone during the production of the entire multilayered layer 34, the hardness values lie between 270 and a maximum of 290 HV5. In the weld metal 34a, 34b, 34c itself, hardness values between 190 and 240 HV5 were measured.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C show a method for producing a welded joint between a first component 62 with a ferritic base body 63 and a second component 64.
  • the first component 62 has both on an inner side 66 and on an end face 68 a plating 70 or buffer layer 72 applied according to the method described above and an outer side 69.
  • the second component 64 consists, for example, of an austenitic material and likewise comprises an inner side 67, an outer side 71 and an end face 76.
  • the buffer layer 72 initially has an irregular surface which is machined prior to the production of the welded connection (not shown). such that the end face 88 of the buffer fer layer 72 is smoothed and flush with the inside plating 70 completes.
  • the second component 64 is now arranged on the front side of the first component 62, which is provided both with a cladding 70 and with a buffer layer 72. Subsequently, between the end face 76 of the second component 64 and the end face 78 of the cladding 70, a root 80 of austenitic material, for example material no. 1.4551 and thus a material comparable to the second component 64 and to the cladding 70, is welded to the body first component 62 and the second component 64 to connect together (Fig. 4A).
  • a root 80 of austenitic material for example material no. 1.4551 and thus a material comparable to the second component 64 and to the cladding 70
  • a weld seam 86 is produced in the remaining weld joint 74, Inconel 82 being used in particular as the welding additive. In this as well as all others mentioned here

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'au moins une couche (2, 16, 32, 46, 70, 72) sur une surface (6, 12, 14, 36, 42, 44, 66, 68) d'un élément (8, 38, 62), la couche (2, 16, 32, 46, 70, 72) étant produite par au moins deux couches de soudage (4a, 4b, 4c, 34a, 34b, 34c) ou plus. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : a) une première couche de soudage (4a, 34a) est réalisée sur la surface (6, 12, 14, 36, 42, 44, 66, 68) de l'élément (8, 38, 62), b) au moins une première partie de la couche de soudage (4a, 34a) est éliminée, c) une deuxième couche de soudage (4b, 34b) est réalisée sur une surface (24, 54) de la première couche de soudage (4a, 34a), laquelle surface est formée une fois la première couche de soudage (4a, 34a) en partie éliminée. La ou les parties de la première couche de soudage (4a, 34a) sont éliminées mécaniquement, en particulier au cours d'un procédé de rotation ou de fraisage, à un degré tel qu'une dureté de l'élément (8, 38, 62), une fois la couche (2, 16, 32, 46, 70, 72) réalisée, est réduite à maximum 300 HV5. L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'une liaison soudée entre un premier élément (62), sur la surface (6, 12, 14, 36, 42, 44, 66, 68) duquel une couche (2, 16, 32, 46, 70, 72) de ce type est réalisée, et un deuxième élément (64).
PCT/EP2017/066253 2016-07-11 2017-06-30 Procédé de fabrication d'une couche sur une surface d'un élément et procédé permettant de réaliser une liaison soudée WO2018010975A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016112697.7A DE102016112697A1 (de) 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schicht auf einer Oberfläche eines Bauteils und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schweißverbindung
DE102016112697.7 2016-07-11

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WO2018010975A1 true WO2018010975A1 (fr) 2018-01-18
WO2018010975A9 WO2018010975A9 (fr) 2018-03-29

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CN110977101B (zh) * 2019-12-13 2021-08-20 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 一种上下游法兰自动化脉冲mig堆焊铝青铜方法

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FR1198743A (fr) * 1957-02-06 1959-12-09 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Enceintes sous pression et procédé de fabrication de revêtements résistant à la corrosion pour de telles enceintes
DE3212857A1 (de) * 1982-04-06 1983-10-06 Kraftwerk Union Ag Verfahren zum herstellen einer austenitischen plattierung
EP0146081A2 (fr) * 1983-12-14 1985-06-26 BELLELI S.p.A. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un récipient sous pression pourvu d'une couche anti-corrosive, et récipient obtenu
US5207371A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-05-04 Prinz Fritz B Method and apparatus for fabrication of three-dimensional metal articles by weld deposition
JP2014004615A (ja) 2012-06-26 2014-01-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 溶接方法、金属部材補修方法及び台座部形成方法
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EP0146081A2 (fr) * 1983-12-14 1985-06-26 BELLELI S.p.A. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un récipient sous pression pourvu d'une couche anti-corrosive, et récipient obtenu
US5207371A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-05-04 Prinz Fritz B Method and apparatus for fabrication of three-dimensional metal articles by weld deposition
JP2014004615A (ja) 2012-06-26 2014-01-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 溶接方法、金属部材補修方法及び台座部形成方法
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WO2018010975A9 (fr) 2018-03-29

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