WO2017107239A1 - 粘着试验系统及方法 - Google Patents

粘着试验系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017107239A1
WO2017107239A1 PCT/CN2015/099819 CN2015099819W WO2017107239A1 WO 2017107239 A1 WO2017107239 A1 WO 2017107239A1 CN 2015099819 W CN2015099819 W CN 2015099819W WO 2017107239 A1 WO2017107239 A1 WO 2017107239A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
driving
driven wheel
driving wheel
rotation speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/099819
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯晓军
陈爱丽
张彩霞
田朋波
Original Assignee
西安中车永电捷通电气有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510976709.XA external-priority patent/CN105510048B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201521083723.9U external-priority patent/CN205333320U/zh
Application filed by 西安中车永电捷通电气有限公司 filed Critical 西安中车永电捷通电气有限公司
Priority to ES15858117T priority Critical patent/ES2788125T3/es
Priority to EP15858117.3A priority patent/EP3208595B1/en
Priority to JP2016539269A priority patent/JP6397919B2/ja
Publication of WO2017107239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017107239A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/0072—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles the wheels of the vehicle co-operating with rotatable rolls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/013—Wheels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to mechanical techniques, and more particularly to an adhesion test system and method.
  • the adhesion force is the maximum value of the horizontal horizontal force between the wheel and rail in the stuck state
  • the ratio of the adhesion force to the vertical load between the wheel and rail is called the adhesion coefficient.
  • the adhesion coefficient is the coefficient of static friction on the contact point between the moving wheel of the locomotive and the rail, that is, the coefficient of sliding friction when the relative speed tends to zero. It is related to many factors, the main ones are: 1. The state of the moving wheel; 2. The state of the moving wheel tread and the surface of the rail; 3. The diameter and assembly of the moving wheel; 4. The running speed of the locomotive; 5. The radius of the curve of the line.
  • the control of sticking is generally realized by a traction control program.
  • a traction control program By collecting and analyzing information such as motor speed and motor torque, it can be determined whether the wheel is currently in a normal driving state or in an idle slip state, and the traction control program Corresponding processing operations can be performed based on the state of the wheel so that the locomotive can operate at the maximum traction currently allowed by the line to achieve maximum adhesion utilization.
  • the shortcoming of the prior art is that the debugging mode of the traction control program is mainly through the commissioning of the locomotive on-line, which is time-consuming and laborious, and once the wheel turns on the rail, the traction of the locomotive will drop sharply or even disappear. It can also cause abrasions on wheels or rails, causing large losses.
  • the invention provides an adhesion test system and method for solving the technical problem that the locomotive on-line debugging is easy to cause large loss in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides an adhesion test system comprising: a driving wheel for simulating a row of wheels, a driven wheel for simulating a rail, a driving device, a speed measuring device, and a control device;
  • the driving device is configured to provide a driving force for the rotation of the driving wheel
  • the driving wheel is configured to drive the driven wheel to rotate under the driving of the driving device
  • the speed measuring device is configured to detect a rotation speed of the driving wheel and a rotation speed of the driven wheel, and Transmitting the rotational speed of the driving wheel and the rotational speed of the driven wheel to the control device;
  • the control device is configured to determine whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs according to the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotation speed of the driven wheel, and generate an idle slip signal when it is determined that an idle slip phenomenon occurs.
  • system further includes: an idler wheel that is in contact with the driving wheel and the driven wheel respectively;
  • the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate by the idler.
  • system further includes: a force applying device
  • the force applying device is configured to adjust radial pressures received by the driving wheel and the driven wheel to simulate different adhesive states.
  • system further includes: a rack for accommodating the driving wheel and the driven wheel;
  • the rack includes a top cover and a base, and the top cover is screwed and fixed to the base;
  • the driving wheel and the driven wheel are respectively connected to the base through bearings.
  • the force applying device includes: a force applying cover and a force applying rod;
  • a through hole is defined in the top cover, an internal thread is disposed in the through hole, an external thread is disposed on the force applying cover, and the internal thread and the outer cover are passed between the force applying cover and the top cover Thread connection
  • One end of the urging rod extends into the through hole, and a spring is disposed between the urging cover;
  • the other end of the urging rod acts on the idler to apply pressure to the idler.
  • the force applying device further includes: a force applying wheel
  • the other end of the urging rod is connected to the urging wheel through a bearing;
  • the force applying wheel is in contact with the idler.
  • the force applying device includes: a hydraulic cylinder
  • the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the frame, and the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder facing away from the piston end is connected to the idler through a bearing.
  • the speed measuring device includes two speed measuring gears and two speed sensors;
  • one speed measuring gear is used to rotate under the driving of the driving wheel, and another speed measuring gear is used to rotate under the driving of the driven wheel;
  • Two speed sensors are respectively used to detect the rotational speeds of the two speed measuring gears, so that the control device determines the rotational speeds of the driving wheels and the driven wheels.
  • the speed measuring device comprises: two angle encoders;
  • an angle encoder is sleeved on the central axis of the driving wheel for detecting the main The rotation speed of the moving wheel; another angle encoder is sleeved on the central axis of the driven wheel for detecting the rotation speed of the driven wheel.
  • the present invention also provides an adhesion test method based on the adhesion test system according to any of the above, comprising:
  • the control device receives the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotation speed of the driven wheel sent by the speed measuring device;
  • the control device multiplies the rotation speed of the driving wheel by the radius of the driving wheel according to the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotation speed of the driven wheel to obtain a first product, and the rotation speed of the driven wheel Multiplying the radius of the driven wheel to obtain a second product;
  • the control device determines whether a difference between the first product and the second product is greater than a preset threshold
  • control device If the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the control device generates an idle slip signal.
  • the adhesion test system and method provided by the present invention drive the driven wheel to rotate under the driving of the driving device by the driving wheel, and the speed measuring device detects the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotating speed of the driven wheel, and rotates the driving wheel and
  • the rotation speed of the driven wheel is sent to the control device, so that the control device determines whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs according to the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotation speed of the driven wheel, and generates an idle slip signal when it is determined that an idle slip phenomenon occurs. It can simulate the actual running state of the train, instead of the locomotive on-line debugging, avoiding the accident of scratching the wheel or scratching the rail caused by improper control during the on-line debugging, effectively reducing the debugging cost and shortening the debugging cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an adhesion test system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an adhesion test system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of an adhesion test system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a sticking test method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an adhesion test system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adhesion control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the adhesion test system in this embodiment may include: a driving wheel 101 for simulating a row of wheels, a driven wheel 102 for simulating a rail, a driving device, a speed measuring device, and a control device (driving device, The speed measuring device and the control device are not shown in the figure);
  • the driving device is configured to provide a driving force for the rotation of the driving wheel 101;
  • the driving wheel 101 is configured to drive the driven wheel 102 to rotate under the driving of the driving device;
  • the speed measuring device is configured to detect the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102, and transmit the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102 to the control device;
  • the control device is configured to determine whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs according to the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102, and generate an idle slip signal when it is determined that an idle slip phenomenon occurs.
  • the driving wheel 101 and the driven wheel 102 can be used to simulate the traveling wheel and the rail respectively, and the driving wheel 101 is in contact with the driven wheel 102.
  • the driving wheel 101 can apply a certain pressure to the driven wheel 102.
  • the driving device drives the driving wheel 101 to rotate, because the frictional force exists between the driving wheel 101 and the driven wheel 102, the driving wheel 101 drives the driven wheel 102 to rotate, thereby simulating the driving process.
  • the driving device may be a driving motor or other device capable of outputting a torque, and the driving device and the driving wheel 101 may be connected by components such as a coupling.
  • the speed measuring device may comprise an angle encoder or other sensor capable of detecting the rotational speed.
  • the speed measuring device may include two angle encoders, wherein one angle encoder is sleeved on the central axis of the driving wheel 101 for detecting the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101, and another angle encoder The sleeve is sleeved on a central axis of the driven wheel 102 for detecting the rotational speed of the driven wheel 102.
  • the outputs of the two angle encoders are electrically connected to the control device and are capable of transmitting the detected rotational speed to the control device.
  • the controller device can determine whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs based on the rotational speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotational speed of the driven wheel 102. Specifically, if the radius of the driving wheel 101 is equal to the radius of the driven wheel 102, the driving speed of the driving wheel 101 and the driven wheel 102 are equal in a normal state, and the control device determines the driving wheel. When the rotational speeds of the driven wheels 102 and 101 are not equal, it can be determined that an idle slip phenomenon has occurred.
  • the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 multiplied by the radius of the driving wheel 101 should be equal to the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102.
  • the radius of the driven wheel 102 if the product of the rotational speed of the driving wheel 101 and the radius is not equal to the product of the rotational speed and the radius of the driven wheel 102, it can be determined that the phenomenon of idling slip occurs.
  • the control device may determine whether the product of the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the radius and the product of the rotation speed and the radius of the driven wheel 102 are greater than a preset threshold. If it is greater than, the idle slip is considered to occur. If the phenomenon is not greater than, it is considered that there is no idling and slipping phenomenon.
  • the preset threshold may be set according to actual needs.
  • the traction control program may perform corresponding processing operations according to the idle slip signal, such as reducing the traction force output by the driving device.
  • the traction control program may be disposed in other devices or integrated in the control device.
  • the idle slip signal generated by the control device may be an electrical signal, such as a high and low level signal, or may be software. The signal, for example, sets a parameter to 1, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • a normal state signal may be generated, so that the traction control program is based on the normal state signal.
  • Corresponding processing operations are performed, such as increasing the traction of the output of the driving device and the like.
  • the traction control program is not required to be debugged by means of the on-line debugging of the locomotive, and only the adhesion test system provided by the embodiment is needed for debugging.
  • the adhesion test system provided by the embodiment can simulate the actual running state of the train and generate an idle slip signal when the idle slip phenomenon occurs, so that the worker can monitor whether the traction control program has a problem in the process of occurrence of the idle slip phenomenon, and Perform corresponding debugging on the traction control program.
  • the adhesion test system provided in this embodiment is provided with a driving wheel 101 for simulating a row of wheels and a driven wheel 102 for simulating a rail.
  • the driving wheel 101 can drive the driven wheel 102 to rotate under the driving of the driving device.
  • the speed measuring device is capable of detecting the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102, and transmitting the rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102 to the control device, so that the control device according to the The rotation speed of the driving wheel 101 and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 102 determine whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs, and an idle slip signal is generated when it is determined that an idle slip phenomenon occurs, which can simulate the actual running state of the train, instead of the on-line debugging of the locomotive, to avoid on-line debugging.
  • the accident of scratching the wheel or scratching the rail caused by improper control effectively reduces the debugging cost and shortens the debugging cycle.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an adhesion test system. This embodiment is based on the technical solution provided in the first embodiment, and the idler is added to realize the transmission of force and speed between the driving wheel and the driven wheel.
  • the adhesion test system in this embodiment may include: a driving wheel 201, a driven wheel 202, an idler gear 203, a driving device, a speed measuring device, and a control device;
  • the functions of the driving wheel 201, the driven wheel 202, the driving device, the speed measuring device, and the control device, and the driving wheel 101, the driven wheel 102, the driving device, the speed measuring device, and the first embodiment The functions of the control device are similar and will not be described here.
  • the idler wheel 203 is in contact with the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 respectively, and the driving wheel 201 can drive the driven wheel 202 to rotate by the idler wheel 203.
  • the driving wheel 201 is in contact with the idler gear 203, and preferably, the main The movable wheel 201 can apply a certain pressure to the idler wheel 203.
  • the driving wheel is frictional due to the friction between the driving wheel 201 and the idler wheel 203.
  • 201 will drive the idler gear 203 to rotate; the idler gear 203 is in contact with the driven wheel 202.
  • the idler gear 203 can apply a certain pressure to the driven wheel 202 when the driving wheel
  • the friction wheel has a frictional force between the idler 203 and the driven wheel 202, and the idler 203 also drives the driven wheel 202 to rotate, thereby realizing the driving wheel 201.
  • the idle gear 203 Since the cost of the idler gear 203 is much lower than the cost of the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202, the idle gear 203 is disposed between the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202, and the speed is transmitted through the idle gear 203, and the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 can be solved.
  • the direct contact causes a large loss during the abrasion, which saves the maintenance cost of the system.
  • the driving wheel 201, the idler gear 203 and the driven wheel 202 are all disposed in a frame, and the frame can be the driving wheel 201, the idler 203 and the slave
  • the speed transfer between the moving wheels 202 provides a closed space and safety protection.
  • the frame may include a top cover 204 and a base 205, and the top cover 204 is directly fixedly coupled to the base 205.
  • the top cover 204 can be screwed and fixed to the base 205, which is not only low in cost but also easy to disassemble.
  • the driving wheel 201, the driven wheel 202 and the idler wheel 203 may be connected to the base 205 through bearings, respectively, and the bearing may be a floating bearing. As shown in FIG. 4, the driving wheel 201 and the base 205 may be connected by a bearing 206. The bearing 206 may further be provided with a sleeve 207 and a bearing end cover 208. In practical applications, the A mounting hole may be disposed on the base 205, the bearing 206 is sleeved on a central axis of the driving wheel 201, and a central axis of the driving wheel 201 protrudes from the mounting hole and is fixed to the mounting hole .
  • the inner ring of the bearing 206 and the central axis of the driving wheel 201, the outer ring of the bearing 206 and the base 205 are fixedly connected, specifically through an interference fit, a spline, a flat key
  • the fixed connection is implemented in various ways, and the embodiment does not limit this.
  • the connection between the driven wheel 202 and the base 205 is similar to the connection between the driving wheel 201 and the base 205, and details are not described herein.
  • the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 may be located obliquely below the idler gear 203 for supporting the idler gear 203.
  • a force applying device may also be provided in the adhesion test system.
  • the force applying device is used to adjust the radial pressure received by the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 to simulate different adhesion states.
  • the urging means may apply a force to the idle gear 203 to change the pressure between the driving wheel 201 and the idle gear 203 and the pressure between the idle gear 203 and the driven wheel 202.
  • the force applying device may include: a force applying cover 209 and a force applying rod 210.
  • a through hole is defined in the top cover 204, an internal thread is disposed in the through hole, an external thread is disposed on the urging cover 209, and the urging cover 209 and the top cover 204 pass the The internal thread and the external thread are connected; one end of the urging rod 210 protrudes into the through hole, and a spring 211 is disposed between the urging cover 209 and the urging cover 209.
  • the spring 211 is disposed between the urging cover 209 and the urging rod 210, when the urging cover 209 is screwed into the urging rod 210, the force applied by the urging rod 210 increases.
  • the other end of the urging rod 210 acts on the idler 203 to apply pressure to the idler 203, so that when the urging cover 209 is screwed in, the pressure applied to the idler 203 is also increased. .
  • the urging rod 210 may directly contact the bearing of the idler 203; or the urging device may further include a urging wheel 212, The other end of the urging rod 210 is connected to the urging wheel 212 through a bearing, and the urging wheel 212 is in contact with the idler 203, and the urging wheel 212 can be driven by the idler 203 Rotation and transmission of the pressure applied by the urging rod 210 to the idler pulley 203.
  • the urging means is disposed above the idler gear 203, and the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 are disposed below the idler gear 203.
  • the urging cover 209 is screwed in, the opposite is provided.
  • the pressure of the idler pulley 203 is increased, and the pressure between the idler gear 203 and the driving wheel 201 is increased, and the pressure between the idler gear 203 and the driven wheel 202 is also increased.
  • the urging cover 209 is unscrewed, the pressure on the idler 203 is reduced, and the pressure between the idler 203 and the driving wheel 201 is reduced, and the idler 203 and the driven wheel 202 are reduced.
  • the pressure between the two is also reduced, thus achieving a simulation of different adhesion states, which is low in cost and easy to control.
  • the force applying device can include a hydraulic cylinder.
  • a piston end of the hydraulic cylinder may be fixedly coupled to the frame, and a cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder facing away from the piston end may be coupled to the idler pulley 203 through a bearing to apply a certain amount to the idler pulley 203 Pressure, or the cylinder end may be biased to the idler gear 203 by other force applying mechanisms such as a biasing wheel or the like.
  • Pass The hydraulic cylinder can generate a large pressure and the pressure adjustment is relatively stable.
  • the force applying device can include a pneumatic cylinder.
  • the specific implementation of the pneumatic cylinder is similar to that of the hydraulic cylinder, and will not be described herein.
  • the speed measuring device may include two speed measuring gears 213 and two speed sensors 214. Wherein, one speed measuring gear 213 is used to rotate under the driving of the driving wheel 201, and another speed measuring gear 213 is used to rotate under the driving of the driven wheel 202; two speed sensors 214 are respectively used for detecting two speed measuring gears.
  • the rotational speed of 213 is such that the control device determines the rotational speed of the drive wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202.
  • the rotation speed of the test gear can be sent to the control device, and the control device can determine the driving wheel 201 or the position according to the speed of the test gear.
  • the rotational speed of the driven wheel 202 is described to determine whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs.
  • the worker can change the pressure between the idler 203 and the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202 by rotating the urging cover 209, thereby simulating different adhesion states, and facilitating the worker to detect the traction control program in the stuck state. Whether there is a problem in the process of changing, if there is a problem, the staff can promptly debug the traction control program accordingly.
  • the speed transmission is realized by the idler wheel 203 between the driving wheel 201 and the driven wheel 202, and the compression deformation amount of the spring 211 is adjusted by the screwing in and out operation, thereby simulating different
  • the sticking state realizes the debugging of the traction control program when the sticking state is changed, and has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, low cost and the like.
  • the central axis of the driven wheel 202 can be connected to the generator through the flywheel, and most of the electric energy can be recovered, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an adhesion test method.
  • the adhesion test method provided in this embodiment is based on the adhesion test system described in any of the above embodiments.
  • 6 is a flow chart of a sticking test method according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the adhesion test method in this embodiment may include:
  • Step 301 The control device receives the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotation speed of the driven wheel sent by the speed measuring device.
  • Step 302 The control device is configured according to a rotation speed of the driving wheel and a rotation speed of the driven wheel. Multiplying the rotational speed of the driving wheel by the radius of the driving wheel to obtain a first product, multiplying the rotational speed of the driven wheel by the radius of the driven wheel to obtain a second product.
  • Step 303 The control device determines whether a difference between the first product and the second product is greater than a preset threshold.
  • Step 304 If the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the control device generates an idle slip signal.
  • the adhesion test method provided by the embodiment drives the driven wheel to rotate by the driving wheel under the driving of the driving device, and the speed measuring device detects the rotation speed of the driving wheel and the rotating speed of the driven wheel, and rotates the driving wheel and the driving wheel.
  • the rotational speed of the driven wheel is sent to the control device, so that the control device determines whether an idle slip phenomenon occurs according to the rotational speed of the driving wheel and the rotational speed of the driven wheel, and generates an idle slip signal when it is determined that an idle slip phenomenon occurs. Simulate the actual running state of the train, instead of the locomotive on-line debugging, to avoid the accident of scratching the wheel or scratching the rail caused by improper control during the commissioning of the line, effectively reducing the commissioning cost and shortening the commissioning cycle.
  • control device may further determine, according to a difference between the first product and the second product, a severity of the idle sliding, for example, if the difference is between 10% and 20%, The severity is one level. If the difference is between 20% and 30%, the severity is considered to be two, and so on. The greater the difference, the higher the severity, and the control device determines the severity.
  • the corresponding severity signal can be generated to facilitate the staff to debug whether the traction control program has problems in different severity levels.

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  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

一种粘着试验系统及方法，其中系统包括：用于模拟行车轮的主动轮（101）、用于模拟钢轨的从动轮（102）、驱动装置、测速装置、以及控制装置；驱动装置用于为主动轮（101）的转动提供驱动力；主动轮（101）用于在驱动装置的驱动下带动从动轮（102）转动；测速装置用于检测主动轮（101）的转速和从动轮（102）的转速，并将主动轮（101）的转速和从动轮（102）的转速发送给控制装置；控制装置用于根据主动轮（101）的转速和从动轮（102）的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号。所述粘着试验系统及方法，能够模拟列车的实际运行状态，代替机车上线调试，避免上线调试时因控制不当造成的擦伤车轮或擦伤钢轨的事故发生，有效降低调试成本，缩短调试周期。

Description

粘着试验系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机械技术，尤其涉及一种粘着试验系统及方法。
背景技术
在粘着状态下轮轨间纵向水平作用力的最大值就称为粘着力，粘着力与轮轨间垂直载荷之比称为粘着系数。粘着系数是机车动轮和钢轨接触点上的静摩擦系数，即相对速度趋于零时的滑动摩擦系数。它同许多因素有关，主要的有：1.动轮受力状态；2.动轮踏面和钢轨表面的状态；3.动轮直径和装配；4.机车运行速度；5.线路的曲线半径。
现有技术中，对于粘着的控制一般由牵引控制程序来实现，通过对电机速度、电机转矩等信息的采集和分析，可以确定车轮当前是处于正常行驶状态还是处于空转打滑状态，牵引控制程序可以根据车轮状态来进行相应的处理操作，使得机车能够以线路当前允许的最大牵引力运行，从而获得最大的粘着利用率。
现有技术的不足之处在于，对牵引控制程序的调试方式主要是通过机车上线调试，这种方式费时费力，而且一旦出现车轮在钢轨上空转的现象，就会使机车牵引力急剧下降甚至消失，还会造成车轮或钢轨擦伤，引起较大的损失。
发明内容
本发明提供一种粘着试验系统及方法，用以解决现有技术中机车上线调试容易引起较大损失的技术问题。
本发明提供一种粘着试验系统，包括：用于模拟行车轮的主动轮、用于模拟钢轨的从动轮、驱动装置、测速装置、以及控制装置；
所述驱动装置用于为所述主动轮的转动提供驱动力；
所述主动轮用于在所述驱动装置的驱动下带动所述从动轮转动；
所述测速装置用于检测所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，并将所 述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速发送给控制装置；
所述控制装置用于根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号。
进一步地，所述系统还包括：与所述主动轮和所述从动轮分别相接触的惰轮；
所述主动轮通过所述惰轮带动所述从动轮转动。
进一步地，所述系统还包括：施力装置；
所述施力装置用于调整所述主动轮和所述从动轮受到的径向压力，从而模拟不同的粘着状态。
进一步地，所述系统还包括：用于容纳所述主动轮和从动轮的机架；
所述机架包括顶盖和底座，所述顶盖与所述底座螺接固定；
所述主动轮和所述从动轮分别通过轴承与所述底座相连接。
进一步地，所述施力装置包括：施力盖和施力杆；
所述顶盖上开设有通孔，所述通孔内设置有内螺纹，所述施力盖上设置有外螺纹，所述施力盖与所述顶盖之间通过所述内螺纹和外螺纹实现连接；
所述施力杆的一端伸入所述通孔中，且与所述施力盖之间设置有弹簧；
所述施力杆的另一端作用于所述惰轮，以向所述惰轮施加压力。
进一步地，所述施力装置还包括：施力轮；
所述施力杆的另一端与所述施力轮通过轴承相连接；
所述施力轮与所述惰轮相接触。
进一步地，所述施力装置包括：液压缸；
所述液压缸的活塞端与所述机架固定连接，所述液压缸背离所述活塞端的缸体端通过轴承与所述惰轮相连接。
进一步地，所述测速装置包括两个测速齿轮和两个速度传感器；
其中，一个测速齿轮用于在所述主动轮的带动下转动，另一测速齿轮用于在所述从动轮的带动下转动；
两个速度传感器分别用于检测两个测速齿轮的转速，以使所述控制装置确定所述主动轮和所述从动轮的转速。
进一步地，所述测速装置包括：两个角度编码器；
其中，一个角度编码器套设在所述主动轮的中心轴上，用于检测所述主 动轮的转速；另一角度编码器套设在所述从动轮的中心轴上，用于检测所述从动轮的转速。
本发明还提供一种基于上述任一项所述的粘着试验系统的粘着试验方法，包括：
控制装置接收测速装置发送的主动轮的转速和从动轮的转速；
所述控制装置根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，将所述主动轮的转速与所述主动轮的半径相乘，得到第一乘积，将所述从动轮的转速与所述从动轮的半径相乘，得到第二乘积；
所述控制装置判断所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积之间的差值是否大于预设阈值；
若所述差值大于预设阈值，则所述控制装置产生空转打滑信号。
本发明提供的粘着试验系统及方法，通过主动轮在驱动装置的驱动下带动从动轮转动，测速装置检测所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，并将所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速发送给控制装置，使得所述控制装置根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号，能够模拟列车的实际运行状态，代替机车上线调试，避免上线调试时因控制不当造成的擦伤车轮或擦伤钢轨的事故发生，有效降低调试成本，缩短调试周期。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一提供的粘着试验系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例二提供的粘着试验系统的轴测图；
图3为本发明实施例二提供的粘着试验系统的主视图；
图4为图3中A-A线的剖视图；
图5为图4中B-B线的剖视图；
图6为本发明实施例三提供的粘着试验方法的流程图。
附图标记：
101-主动轮  102-从动轮   201-主动轮    202-从动轮
203-惰轮    204-顶盖     205-底座      206-轴承
207-轴套    208-轴承端盖 209-施力盖    210-施力杆
211-弹簧    212-施力轮    213-测速齿轮    214-速度传感器
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本发明实施例一提供一种粘着试验系统。图1为本发明实施例一提供的粘着控制系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实施例中的粘着试验系统，可以包括：用于模拟行车轮的主动轮101、用于模拟钢轨的从动轮102、驱动装置、测速装置、以及控制装置(驱动装置、测速装置和控制装置图中未示出)；
所述驱动装置用于为所述主动轮101的转动提供驱动力；
所述主动轮101用于在所述驱动装置的驱动下带动所述从动轮102转动；
所述测速装置用于检测所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速，并将所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速发送给控制装置；
所述控制装置用于根据所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号。
本实施例中，可以利用主动轮101和从动轮102来分别模拟行车轮和钢轨，主动轮101与从动轮102相接触，优选的是，主动轮101可以向从动轮102施加有一定压力，当驱动装置带动主动轮101转动时，由于主动轮101与从动轮102之间存在摩擦力，主动轮101会带动从动轮102转动，实现对行车过程的模拟。
驱动装置可以是驱动电机或者其它能够输出转矩的装置，驱动装置与主动轮101之间可以通过联轴器等部件实现连接。
所述测速装置可以包括角度编码器或者其它能够检测转速的传感器。 优选的是，所述测速装置可以包括两个角度编码器，其中一个角度编码器套设在所述主动轮101的中心轴上，用于检测所述主动轮101的转速，另一角度编码器套设在所述从动轮102的中心轴上，用于检测所述从动轮102的转速。
两个角度编码器的输出端与所述控制装置电连接，能够将检测到的转速发送给控制装置。
控制器装置能够根据所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速，确定是否出现空转打滑现象。具体的，若所述主动轮101的半径与所述从动轮102的半径相等，则正常状态下，所述主动轮101与所述从动轮102的转速相等，所述控制装置判断所述主动轮101和所述从动轮102的转速不相等时，就可以确定出现了空转打滑现象。
若所述主动轮101的半径与所述从动轮102的半径不相等，则正常状态下，所述主动轮101的转速乘以所述主动轮101的半径应该等于所述从动轮102的转速乘以所述从动轮102的半径，若所述主动轮101的转速与半径的乘积与所述从动轮102的转速与半径的乘积不相等，则可以确定出现了空转打滑的现象。
在允许一定的误差时，控制装置可以判断所述主动轮101的转速与半径的乘积与所述从动轮102的转速与半径的乘积是否大于预设阈值，若大于，则认为出现了空转打滑的现象，若不大于，则认为没有出现空转打滑现象。所述预设阈值可以根据实际需要来设置。
所述控制装置产生空转打滑信号后，牵引控制程序可以根据所述空转打滑信号来进行相应的处理操作，例如减小驱动装置输出的牵引力等。所述牵引控制程序可以设置在其它装置中，也可以集成在所述控制装置中，相应的，所述控制装置产生的空转打滑信号，可以是电信号，例如高低电平信号，也可以是软件信号，例如将某参数置1等，本实施例对此不作限制。
优选的，当所述控制装置根据所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速确定没有出现空转打滑现象时，可以产生正常状态信号，使得所述牵引控制程序根据所述正常状态信号进行相应的处理操作，例如增加驱动装置输出的牵引力等。
在实际应用中，当工作人员设计好牵引控制程序后，不需要通过机车上线调试的方式对所述牵引控制程序进行调试，只需要利用本实施例提供的粘着试验系统进行调试即可。本实施例提供的粘着试验系统，可以模拟列车的实际运行状态，并在出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号，方便工作人员监测牵引控制程序在出现空转打滑现象时的处理过程是否存在问题，并对牵引控制程序进行相应的调试。
本实施例提供的粘着试验系统，设置有用于模拟行车轮的主动轮101和用于模拟钢轨的从动轮102，所述主动轮101能够在驱动装置的驱动下带动所述从动轮102转动，所述测速装置能够检测所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速，并将所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速发送给控制装置，使得所述控制装置根据所述主动轮101的转速和所述从动轮102的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号，能够模拟列车的实际运行状态，代替机车上线调试，避免上线调试时因控制不当造成的擦伤车轮或擦伤钢轨的事故发生，有效降低调试成本，缩短调试周期。
实施例二
本发明实施例二提供一种粘着试验系统。本实施例是在实施例一提供的技术方案的基础上，增加了惰轮来实现主动轮和从动轮之间的力与速度的传递。
图2为本发明实施例二提供的粘着试验系统的轴测图。图3为本发明实施例二提供的粘着试验系统的主视图。图4为图3中A-A线的剖视图。图5为图4中B-B线的剖视图。如图2至图5所示，本实施例中的粘着试验系统，可以包括：主动轮201、从动轮202、惰轮203、驱动装置、测速装置、以及控制装置；
其中，所述主动轮201、所述从动轮202、所述驱动装置、所述测速装置、所述控制装置的功能与实施例一中的主动轮101、从动轮102、驱动装置、测速装置、控制装置的功能类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例中，所述惰轮203与所述主动轮201、所述从动轮202分别相接触，所述主动轮201可以通过所述惰轮203带动所述从动轮202转动。
具体地，所述主动轮201与所述惰轮203相接触，优选的是，所述主 动轮201可以向所述惰轮203施加有一定压力，当所述驱动装置带动所述主动轮201转动时，由于所述主动轮201与所述惰轮203之间存在摩擦力，所述主动轮201会带动所述惰轮203转动；所述惰轮203与所述从动轮202相接触，优选的是，所述惰轮203可以向所述从动轮202施加有一定压力，当所述主动轮201带动所述惰轮203转动时，由于所述惰轮203与所述从动轮202之间存在摩擦力，所述惰轮203也会带动所述从动轮202转动，实现了所述主动轮201与所述从动轮202之间的速度传递。
由于惰轮203的成本远低于主动轮201和从动轮202的成本，在主动轮201和从动轮202之间设置惰轮203，通过惰轮203传递速度，能够解决主动轮201和从动轮202直接接触导致擦伤时损失较大的问题，节约了系统的维护费用。
本实施例中，所述主动轮201、所述惰轮203和所述从动轮202均设置在机架中，所述机架能够为所述主动轮201、所述惰轮203和所述从动轮202之间的速度传递提供封闭空间及安全防护。
具体地，所述机架可以包括顶盖204和底座205，所述顶盖204与所述底座205直接固定连接。本实施例中，所述顶盖204可以与所述底座205螺接固定，不仅成本低廉，而且便于拆卸。
所述主动轮201、所述从动轮202和所述惰轮203可以分别通过轴承与所述底座205相连接，所述轴承可以为浮动轴承。如图4所示，所述主动轮201与所述底座205之间可以通过轴承206实现连接，所述轴承206外还可以设置有轴套207和轴承端盖208，在实际应用中，所述底座205上可以设置有安装孔，所述轴承206套设在所述主动轮201的中心轴上，所述主动轮201的中心轴从所述安装孔中伸出，并与所述安装孔固定。
所述轴承206的内圈与所述主动轮201的中心轴之间、所述轴承206的外圈与所述底座205之间均为固定连接，具体可以通过过盈配合、花键、平键等多种方式实现固定连接，本实施例对此不作限制。所述从动轮202与所述底座205的连接，与所述主动轮201与所述底座205的连接类似，此处不再赘述。所述主动轮201和所述从动轮202可以位于所述惰轮203的斜下方，用于支撑所述惰轮203。
为了测试牵引控制程序在不断变化的粘着力下的运行状况，本实施例 的粘着试验系统中还可以设置有施力装置。所述施力装置用于调整所述主动轮201和所述从动轮202受到的径向压力，从而模拟不同的粘着状态。
具体地，施力装置可以向所述惰轮203施力，从而改变所述主动轮201与所述惰轮203之间的压力以及所述惰轮203与所述从动轮202之间的压力。
本实施例中，所述施力装置可以包括：施力盖209和施力杆210。所述顶盖204上开设有通孔，所述通孔内设置有内螺纹，所述施力盖209上设置有外螺纹，所述施力盖209与所述顶盖204之间通过所述内螺纹和外螺纹实现连接；所述施力杆210的一端伸入所述通孔中，且与所述施力盖209之间设置有弹簧211。
由于所述施力盖209与所述施力杆210之间设置有弹簧211，当所述施力盖209朝向所述施力杆210拧入时，所述施力杆210受到的力增加，而所述施力杆210的另一端作用于所述惰轮203，能够向所述惰轮203施加压力，因此，当施力盖209拧入时，所述惰轮203受到的压力也会增加。
为了实现将压力作用于所述惰轮203的功能，所述施力杆210可以直接与所述惰轮203的轴承相接触；或者，所述施力装置还可以包括施力轮212，所述施力杆210的另一端与所述施力轮212通过轴承相连接，所述施力轮212与所述惰轮203相接触，所述施力轮212能够在所述惰轮203的带动下转动，并将所述施力杆210受到的压力传递给所述惰轮203。
如图3和图4所示，施力装置设置在惰轮203的上方，主动轮201和从动轮202设置在所述惰轮203的下方，当所述施力盖209拧入时，对所述惰轮203的压力增大，进而所述惰轮203与所述主动轮201之间的压力增大，所述惰轮203与所述从动轮202之间的压力也增大，当所述施力盖209拧出时，对所述惰轮203的压力减小，进而所述惰轮203与所述主动轮201之间的压力减小，所述惰轮203与所述从动轮202之间的压力也减小，这样就实现了对不同粘着状态的模拟，成本较低，易于控制。
在另一实施例中，所述施力装置可以包括液压缸。所述液压缸的活塞端可以与所述机架固定连接，所述液压缸背离所述活塞端的缸体端可以通过轴承与所述惰轮203相连接，以向所述惰轮203施加一定的压力，或者，所述缸体端可以通过其它施力机构如施力轮等向所述惰轮203施力。通过 液压缸能够产生较大的压力，且对压力的调节比较稳定。
在又一实施例中，所述施力装置可以包括气压缸。所述气压缸的具体实现方式与液压缸类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例中，所述测速装置可以包括两个测速齿轮213和两个速度传感器214。其中，一个测速齿轮213用于在所述主动轮201的带动下转动，另一测速齿轮213用于在所述从动轮202的带动下转动；两个速度传感器214分别用于检测两个测速齿轮213的转速，以使所述控制装置确定所述主动轮201和所述从动轮202的转速。
所述速度传感器214检测出所述测试齿轮的转速后，可以将所述测试齿轮的转速发送给所述控制装置，所述控制装置可以根据所述测试齿轮的速度确定所述主动轮201或所述从动轮202的转速，进而确定是否出现空转打滑现象。
在实际调试过程中，工作人员可以通过旋转施力盖209来改变惰轮203与主动轮201、从动轮202之间的压力，从而模拟不同的粘着状态，方便工作人员检测牵引控制程序在粘着状态改变时的处理过程是否存在问题，若存在问题，工作人员可以及时对牵引控制程序进行相应的调试。
本实施例提供的粘着试验系统中，主动轮201和从动轮202之间通过惰轮203实现速度传递，并通过螺纹旋入和旋出的操作来调节弹簧211的压缩变形量，进而模拟不同的粘着状态，实现了对牵引控制程序在粘着状态改变时的调试，且具有节能环保、成本低廉等优势。
在上述实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，优选的是，从动轮202的中心轴可以通过飞轮与发电机相连，能够回收大部分电能，更加节能环保。
实施例三
本发明实施例三提供一种粘着试验方法。本实施例提供的粘着试验方法，基于上述任一实施例所述的粘着试验系统。图6为本发明实施例三提供的粘着试验方法的流程图。如图6所示，本实施例中的粘着试验方法，可以包括：
步骤301、控制装置接收测速装置发送的主动轮的转速和从动轮的转速。
步骤302、所述控制装置根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速， 将所述主动轮的转速与所述主动轮的半径相乘，得到第一乘积，将所述从动轮的转速与所述从动轮的半径相乘，得到第二乘积。
步骤303、所述控制装置判断所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积之间的差值是否大于预设阈值。
步骤304、若所述差值大于预设阈值，则所述控制装置产生空转打滑信号。
本实施例提供的粘着试验方法的具体实现原理与实施例一类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的粘着试验方法，通过主动轮在驱动装置的驱动下带动从动轮转动，测速装置检测所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，并将所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速发送给控制装置，使得所述控制装置根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号，能够模拟列车的实际运行状态，代替机车上线调试，避免上线调试时因控制不当造成的擦伤车轮或擦伤钢轨的事故发生，有效降低调试成本，缩短调试周期。
进一步地，所述控制装置还可以根据所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积的差值，确定空转滑行的严重程度，例如，若所述差值在10％-20％之间，则认为严重程度为一级，若所述差值在20％-30％之间，则认为严重程度为二级，依次类推，差值越大，严重程度越高，所述控制装置在确定严重程度后，可以产生相应的严重程度信号，方便工作人员调试牵引控制程序在不同严重程度时的处理是否存在问题。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种粘着试验系统，其特征在于，包括：用于模拟行车轮的主动轮、用于模拟钢轨的从动轮、驱动装置、测速装置、以及控制装置；
    所述驱动装置用于为所述主动轮的转动提供驱动力；
    所述主动轮用于在所述驱动装置的驱动下带动所述从动轮转动；
    所述测速装置用于检测所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，并将所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速发送给控制装置；
    所述控制装置用于根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速确定是否出现空转打滑现象，并在确定出现空转打滑现象时产生空转打滑信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：与所述主动轮和所述从动轮分别相接触的惰轮；
    所述主动轮通过所述惰轮带动所述从动轮转动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：施力装置；
    所述施力装置用于调整所述主动轮和所述从动轮受到的径向压力，从而模拟不同的粘着状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：用于容纳所述主动轮和从动轮的机架；
    所述机架包括顶盖和底座，所述顶盖与所述底座螺接固定；
    所述主动轮和所述从动轮分别通过轴承与所述底座相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述施力装置包括：施力盖和施力杆；
    所述顶盖上开设有通孔，所述通孔内设置有内螺纹，所述施力盖上设置有外螺纹，所述施力盖与所述顶盖之间通过所述内螺纹和外螺纹实现连接；
    所述施力杆的一端伸入所述通孔中，且与所述施力盖之间设置有弹簧；
    所述施力杆的另一端作用于所述惰轮，以向所述惰轮施加压力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述施力装置还包括：施力轮；
    所述施力杆的另一端与所述施力轮通过轴承相连接；
    所述施力轮与所述惰轮相接触。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述施力装置包括：液压缸；
    所述液压缸的活塞端与所述机架固定连接，所述液压缸背离所述活塞端的缸体端通过轴承与所述惰轮相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述测速装置包括两个测速齿轮和两个速度传感器；
    其中，一个测速齿轮用于在所述主动轮的带动下转动，另一测速齿轮用于在所述从动轮的带动下转动；
    两个速度传感器分别用于检测两个测速齿轮的转速，以使所述控制装置确定所述主动轮和所述从动轮的转速。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述测速装置包括：两个角度编码器；
    其中，一个角度编码器套设在所述主动轮的中心轴上，用于检测所述主动轮的转速；另一角度编码器套设在所述从动轮的中心轴上，用于检测所述从动轮的转速。
  10. 一种基于权利要求1-9任一项所述的粘着试验系统的粘着试验方法，其特征在于，包括：
    控制装置接收测速装置发送的主动轮的转速和从动轮的转速；
    所述控制装置根据所述主动轮的转速和所述从动轮的转速，将所述主动轮的转速与所述主动轮的半径相乘，得到第一乘积，将所述从动轮的转速与所述从动轮的半径相乘，得到第二乘积；
    所述控制装置判断所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积之间的差值是否大于预设阈值；
    若所述差值大于预设阈值，则所述控制装置产生空转打滑信号。
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