WO2017104497A1 - Système de commande de batterie secondaire - Google Patents

Système de commande de batterie secondaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017104497A1
WO2017104497A1 PCT/JP2016/086292 JP2016086292W WO2017104497A1 WO 2017104497 A1 WO2017104497 A1 WO 2017104497A1 JP 2016086292 W JP2016086292 W JP 2016086292W WO 2017104497 A1 WO2017104497 A1 WO 2017104497A1
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Prior art keywords
secondary battery
battery
deterioration
parameter
data
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PCT/JP2016/086292
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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修子 山内
耕平 本蔵
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株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2017104497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017104497A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a secondary battery control system.
  • a large-sized secondary battery typified by a power source for a hybrid electric vehicle or an electric vehicle needs to have a high output and a large capacity. Therefore, a storage battery module that constitutes such a large secondary battery is generally configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series and parallel. Moreover, a lithium ion battery is generally used for each battery cell.
  • Secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries, deteriorate each time charging / discharging is repeated, and the output is fluctuated due to a decrease in capacity and an increase in internal resistance.
  • the degree of progress of deterioration in the secondary battery varies depending on the usage history of the secondary battery, such as the environment and method in which the secondary battery has been used up to now. Therefore, a technique for accurately estimating the deterioration state according to the usage history of the secondary battery is required. For example, methods for estimating deterioration of secondary batteries as in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are known.
  • the secondary battery control system includes a data storage unit that acquires and stores usage history data of the secondary battery including current and voltage of the secondary battery according to a usage time of the secondary battery, and the data Based on the data selected by the data selection unit and a data selection unit that selects a predetermined range of data from the usage history data stored in the storage unit, the capacity and internal resistance of the secondary battery are deteriorated.
  • An internal deterioration parameter calculation unit that calculates a corresponding internal deterioration parameter, and a deterioration state estimation unit that estimates a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on the internal deterioration parameter calculated by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit.
  • the present invention it is possible to accurately estimate the deterioration state according to the usage history of the secondary battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a secondary battery control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the secondary battery control system of FIG. 2 is for controlling the battery 1 which is a secondary battery, and includes a detection unit 20, a battery control unit 30, a life control unit 40, a host control unit 60, and a load control unit 70. Composed.
  • the battery 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells 1a having a positive electrode and a negative electrode in series.
  • the battery 1 is connected to a load (not shown) and supplies power to the load.
  • the detection unit 20 detects various information (data) related to the state of the battery 1. For example, data such as the total current, total voltage, environmental temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature, and minimum temperature of the battery 1, the temperature of each unit cell 1a, the cell voltage, and the like are detected. Data detected by the detection unit 20 is input to the battery control unit 30 and the life control unit 40, respectively.
  • Life control unit 40 estimates the internal deterioration state of battery 1 based on the data input from detection unit 20. Then, based on the estimated current deterioration state of the battery 1 and the current operation state of the battery 1, a future deterioration prediction of the battery 1 is performed and compared with a preset expected life. Based on the comparison result, the life control unit 40 calculates recommended operation parameters for securing the expected life and outputs the calculated recommended operation parameters to the host control unit 60.
  • the upper control unit 60 calculates a control command for controlling the operation state of the load based on the recommended operation parameter obtained by the life control unit 40, and outputs it to the load control unit 70.
  • the battery control unit 30 calculates the current state of charge (SOC) of the battery 1 based on the data input from the detection unit 20, detects an abnormal state, calculates input / output power, and generates a temperature control command. Etc. are executed. These pieces of information obtained by the battery control unit 60 are output to the load control unit 70.
  • SOC current state of charge
  • the load control unit 70 executes load control based on the control command input from the host control unit 60 and the information input from the battery control unit 30.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of a secondary battery control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the life control unit 40 includes functions of a data storage unit 41, a data selection unit 42, an internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43, a database 44, an operation parameter calculation unit 45, a deterioration state estimation unit 46, and an operation condition setting unit 47.
  • the life control unit 40 can realize each function corresponding to these functional blocks, for example, by executing a program stored in advance by the CPU.
  • the detection unit 20 detects data such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery 1 together with time information such as date and time, and outputs the data to the life control unit 40.
  • the data accumulation unit 41 acquires and accumulates usage history data corresponding to the usage time of the battery 1 based on the data output from the detection unit 20.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing examples of usage history data stored in the data storage unit 41.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively show examples of current waveforms representing how the current changes with respect to the usage time of the battery 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows how the current, voltage, and SOC change with the usage time of the battery 1.
  • usage history data of the battery 1 including the current and voltage of the battery 1 is stored.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 calculates various operation parameters related to the operation conditions of the battery 1 based on the use history data stored in the data storage unit 42.
  • the operation parameters of the battery 1 are, for example, the operation center SOC during operation, the operation voltage range, the operation upper limit voltage, the operation lower limit voltage, the average current, the maximum / minimum current, the battery temperature, the environmental temperature, the heating factor, the effective current, and the operation.
  • the operating parameters are not limited to these.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 can use parameters that can be derived from various operation conditions as the operation parameters of the battery 1.
  • the data selection unit 42 selects data within a predetermined range from the use history data stored in the data storage unit 42 as data for calculating a parameter relating to internal deterioration of the battery 1.
  • the data selection unit 42 can perform data selection by a method described below, for example. In the following description, the data selection method by the data selection unit 42 will be described using the example of the usage history data shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows changes in current, voltage, and SOC with respect to usage time of the battery 1 as an example of usage history data stored in the data storage unit 42.
  • the data selection unit 42 specifies the time ta immediately before the battery 1 enters the open circuit state when the charge / discharge current is 0 in the usage history data of FIG. 5, and the voltage Va and the charge state SOCa at this time ta are The charge / discharge end voltage and the charge / discharge end charge state of the battery 1 are respectively acquired.
  • the data selection unit 42 specifies the time t1a after a certain time has elapsed since the battery 1 is in the open circuit state, and acquires the voltage OCV1a at the time t1a as the open circuit voltage of the battery 1.
  • the charge / discharge end voltages Vb and Vc, the charge / discharge end charge states SOCb and SOCc, and the open circuit voltages OCV1b and OCV1c of the battery 1 are acquired at times tb and tb1 and times tc and tc1, respectively.
  • the data selection unit 42 calculates a parameter relating to internal deterioration of the battery 1 for a combination of data satisfying a certain condition among the plurality of sets of current, voltage, SOC, time, time, and quantity of electricity acquired in this way. Select as data for. For example, the data of the portion where the fluctuation of the electric quantity is a prescribed SOC fluctuation amount (for example, fluctuation of less than SOC 1%) is selected within a certain range of energization current values.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates an internal deterioration parameter corresponding to the capacity of the battery 1 and the deterioration state of the internal resistance based on the data selected by the data selection unit 42.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the internal deterioration parameter by a method as described below, for example.
  • the charge / discharge end voltages Va and Vb, the charge / discharge end charge states SOCa and SOCb which are included in the data selected by the data selection unit 42 based on the use history data shown in FIG.
  • An internal deterioration parameter calculation method by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 will be described using an example of the circuit voltages OCV1a and OCV1b.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 performs charge / discharge as shown in FIG. 6A from the relationship between the charge / discharge end charge states SOCa, SOCb, the charge / discharge end voltages Va, Vb, and the open circuit voltages OCV1a, OCV1b. Obtain the end voltage curve and OCV curve.
  • each black circle represents the charge / discharge end voltage of the battery 1 obtained from the use history data, and Va and Vb are also included therein.
  • Each white circle represents the open circuit voltage of the battery 1 obtained from the usage history data, and OCV1a and OCV1b are included in this.
  • a charging / discharging end voltage curve is obtained from the regression curve of each black spot, and an OCV curve is obtained from the regression curve of each white spot.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 obtains the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the resistance value by dividing the difference between the OCV curve obtained as described above and the charge / discharge end voltage curve by the current value. . From this calculation result, a resistance curve as shown in FIG. 6B can be created.
  • the resistance curve Rt1 shown in FIG. 6B shows a resistance value with respect to the SOC at the time of battery use t1 corresponding to the OCV curve and the charge / discharge end voltage curve of FIG. 6A.
  • an OCV curve and a charge / discharge end voltage curve (not shown) at battery usage times t and t2 are respectively created, and by dividing these differences by the current value, resistance curves Rt, Rt2 can be obtained.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates an internal deterioration parameter corresponding to the deterioration state of the battery 1 based on the charge / discharge end voltage curve, the OCV curve, and the resistance curve obtained as described above.
  • the internal degradation parameters are the positive electrode active material usage amount mp and the positive electrode voltage deviation amount dp, which are parameters relating to the positive electrode capacity of the battery 1, and the negative electrode active material usage amount mn and the negative electrode voltage, which are parameters relating to the negative electrode capacity of the battery 1. Including the shift amount dn.
  • a coefficient ap that is a parameter related to the positive electrode resistance of the battery 1 a coefficient an that is a parameter related to the negative electrode resistance of the battery 1, and a coefficient R0 related to other resistance components are included.
  • These internal deterioration parameters are obtained from the battery voltage of the battery 1 by calculating the positive electrode voltage, the negative electrode voltage, the positive electrode capacity, and the negative electrode capacity that change as the battery 1 deteriorates.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 can calculate each of the internal deterioration parameters based on a data table or function prepared in advance and stored in the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43.
  • This data table or function represents the battery voltage of the battery 1, the open circuit potential of the positive electrode, the open circuit potential of the negative electrode, the internal resistance, the internal resistance of the positive electrode, and the internal resistance of the negative electrode in association with the electric quantity, respectively. It is.
  • the open circuit potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are desirably a potential with respect to the reference potential indicated by the common reference electrode as shown in FIG.
  • the reference electrode lithium metal, lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, or the like can be used. Desirably, data when the same electrolytic solution as that of the battery 1 is used is used.
  • the internal resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 1 has a value for at least one, more preferably two or more discharge times or charge times with respect to the amount of electricity x.
  • Rp (x, t) a (x) + b (x) * t It is.
  • the values of a (x) and b (x) are held in a database and a function as values for a specific discharge time t, respectively.
  • This equation is preferably an equation that also takes into account the dependency on the capacity value qp that the battery 1 can discharge from the positive electrode between the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage during operation.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the capacity of the battery 1 and the battery voltage, positive electrode voltage, and negative electrode voltage.
  • the battery voltage is expressed as the difference between the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage.
  • the reference positive electrode capacity qp the positive electrode active material use amount (positive electrode use amount) mp, and the positive electrode voltage deviation amount dp are obtained.
  • a reference negative electrode capacity qn, a negative electrode active material usage amount (negative electrode usage amount) mn, and a negative electrode voltage deviation amount dn are obtained from the state of change of the negative electrode voltage with respect to the capacity of the battery 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the discharge amount of the battery 1 and the internal resistance, the positive electrode resistance, and the negative electrode resistance.
  • each white circle represents a measured value Rm of the internal resistance of the battery 1.
  • the estimated value Rcell of the internal resistance represents the sum of the internal resistance Rp of the positive electrode, the internal resistance Rn of the negative electrode, and the resistance R 0 of other member electrolytes, etc., as shown in FIG. Approximately with each measured value Rm.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 can calculate the internal deterioration parameter of the battery 1 from the data selected by the data selection unit 42 as described above. A specific method for calculating the internal deterioration parameter will be described in detail later.
  • the deterioration state estimation unit 46 estimates the deterioration state of the battery 1 based on the internal deterioration parameter calculated by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43.
  • the deterioration state estimation unit 46 compares the battery capacity and battery resistance of the battery 1 calculated based on, for example, internal deterioration parameters with the battery capacity and battery resistance of the battery 1 at the start of operation, thereby deteriorating the battery 1.
  • a battery deterioration degree SOH representing the state is obtained.
  • the battery deterioration degree SOH is output from the deterioration state estimation unit 46 to the battery control unit 30 and used for the control of the battery 1 performed by the host control unit 60.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 sets operating conditions for controlling charging / discharging of the battery 1 based on the deterioration state of the battery 1 estimated by the deterioration state estimating unit 46.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 refers to the database 24 based on the operation parameter calculated by the operation parameter calculation unit 45 to predict the future deterioration state of the battery 1 from the estimated deterioration state. Calculate the expected life.
  • information related to the current deterioration state of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution can be acquired from the internal deterioration parameter calculated by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 considers the required life of the battery 1 set in advance or designated by the user based on the calculated predicted life value, and accelerates or alleviates the deterioration of the battery 1 according to the internal deterioration factor. Select the operating condition and set it as the recommended operating condition. The recommended operating conditions set in this way are notified from the operating condition setting unit 47 to the upper control unit 60 together with the predicted life value.
  • the upper control unit 60 executes an optimum output command to the battery 1 based on the predicted life value and the operation condition notified from the operation condition setting unit 47. For example, in order to change the operating center SOC of the battery 1 downward, the control for discharging a certain amount of power to the battery 1 until the voltage of the battery 1 reaches the target voltage is performed once or a plurality of times. Alternatively, the current balance of the battery 1 is changed so that the absolute value of the accumulated discharge amount within a certain period is larger than the absolute value of the accumulated charge amount within a range in which the current balance between charge and discharge is changed and the system operation is not greatly affected. Adjust the current to control and lower the operating center voltage.
  • the life of the battery 1 can be extended.
  • the life of the battery 1 can be controlled by limiting the current value or changing the time ratio between energization and pause.
  • the host control unit 60 changes the operating condition of the battery 1 by executing, for example, the battery system profit calculation, energy efficiency, and fuel consumption calculation from the predicted life value and the operating condition data notified from the operating condition setting unit 47. You may decide whether to do it.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a control flow of a secondary battery control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 includes a data accumulation / selection process 2, an OCV extraction process 3, a resistance extraction process 4, a usage history analysis process 5, a resistance calculation internal deterioration parameter calculation process 6, a capacity calculation internal deterioration parameter calculation process 7,
  • the processing block includes a capacity calculation process 8, a resistance calculation process 9, a deterioration prediction process 10, and a recommended operating condition calculation process 11.
  • the correspondence relationship between each functional block of the life control unit 40 shown in FIG. 3 and each processing block in FIG. 1 is, for example, as follows.
  • the data accumulating unit 41 and the data selecting unit 42 correspond to the data accumulating / selecting process 2
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculating unit 43 is the OCV extracting process 3, the resistance extracting process 4, the resistance calculating internal deterioration parameter calculating process 6 and the capacity.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 corresponds to the use history analysis process 5
  • the deterioration state estimation unit 46 corresponds to the capacity calculation process 8 and the resistance calculation process 9
  • the operation condition setting unit 47 corresponds to the deterioration prediction process 10 and the recommended operating condition calculation process 11.
  • the correspondence relationship between the functional blocks in FIG. 3 and the processing blocks in FIG. 1 is not limited to the above example, and they may be associated with each other in any way.
  • various data related to the battery 1 are accumulated and selected based on the current, voltage, temperature, and time detected by the battery 1. For example, from the detected values before and after charging / discharging the battery 1 for a certain time at a certain current value, the battery voltage and SOC before the start of charging / discharging, the current amount and voltage during energization, Arbitrary data such as battery voltage and SOC is accumulated, and data satisfying a predetermined condition is selected.
  • the relation between the SOC and the OCV is extracted from the data selected by the data accumulation / selection process 2 as in the OCV curve shown in FIG.
  • the resistance extraction process 4 the relationship between the SOC and the resistance is extracted from the data selected by the data accumulation / selection process 2 as shown in the resistance curve shown in FIG.
  • the resistance curve shown in FIG. 6B is an example in which the resistance values Rt, Rt1, and Rt2 of the battery 1 at times t, t1, and t2 are extracted from the SOC as described above.
  • the relationship between R and SOC can be expressed as a function or a table. Since the power of the battery 1 depends on the internal resistance value, when the battery 1 requires a particularly high output, the change in the resistance value R is important for stabilizing the control.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation process 7 for capacity calculation from the relationship between the SOC and the OCV extracted in the OCV extraction process 3, the internal deterioration parameters related to the positive electrode capacity and the negative electrode capacity, that is, the current use amount mp of the positive electrode active material, A negative electrode active material usage amount mn, a positive electrode voltage deviation amount dp, a negative electrode voltage deviation amount dn, and the like are calculated.
  • the capacity calculation process 8 the current capacity of the battery 1, that is, the maximum discharge amount is calculated using these internal deterioration parameters.
  • each internal deterioration parameter related to the positive electrode resistance and the negative electrode resistance that is, ap, an, R0, etc. Calculate coefficient parameters.
  • the current resistance value of the battery 1 is calculated using these internal deterioration parameters.
  • the relationship between the SOC and resistance extracted in the resistance extraction process 4 is converted into the relationship between the amount of electricity and the battery resistance.
  • Rp represents a resistance attributed to the positive electrode
  • Rn represents a resistance attributed to the negative electrode
  • R0 represents a fixed resistance value that does not depend on the SOC other than that.
  • the resistance calculation process 9 the deterioration of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is calculated based on the single electrode resistance Rp of the positive electrode and the single electrode resistance Rn of the negative electrode obtained from this equation. By such treatment, the resistance change of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be separated from the resistance value of the battery 1.
  • an arbitrary analysis process is performed using the voltage, current, and time data accumulated in the data accumulation / selection process 2. Thereby, the operation parameters for the battery 1 are extracted.
  • the deterioration prediction for the capacity and resistance of the battery 1 is performed based on the operation parameters extracted by the usage history analysis process 5 and the internal deterioration parameters calculated by the capacity calculation process 8 and the resistance calculation process 9, respectively. I do.
  • a future resistance change and capacity change of the battery 1 are predicted using a database representing the relationship between internal deterioration parameters and operation parameters stored in advance and deterioration progress of the battery 1.
  • the recommended operation condition of the battery 1 is calculated based on the result of the deterioration prediction by the deterioration prediction process 10.
  • recommended operating conditions as condition parameters for accelerating or suppressing deterioration from the deterioration state of the positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte inside the electrode And the allowable current at that time.
  • the recommended operating condition and the allowable current obtained by the recommended operating condition calculation process 11 are notified to the upper control unit 60. Based on these, the host controller 60 controls the operation of the PCS 200 and controls charging / discharging by changing the energization time and current value of the battery 1. Such control makes it possible to control the life of the battery 1.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a control flow of the secondary battery control system according to the modification of the present invention.
  • the control flow of FIG. 14 further includes a user request life setting process 12 in addition to the processing blocks of the control flow shown in FIG.
  • the database 44 in FIG. 3 stores the relationship between the internal deterioration parameter of the battery 1 and the capacity and resistance.
  • the degradation state estimation unit 46 refers to the database 44 and calculates current values of capacitance and resistance corresponding to the internal degradation parameter.
  • the operation condition setting unit 47 refers to the database 44 based on the current capacity and resistance of the battery 1 calculated by the deterioration state estimation unit 46 and the operation parameters calculated by the operation parameter calculation unit 45.
  • the deterioration prediction of the battery 1 is executed.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 further predicts the life of the battery 1 from the values of the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the battery 1 in consideration of variation in deterioration of each battery cell in the battery 1, and uses the prediction result as the predicted life. Notify the upper control unit 60.
  • the database 44 also stores information representing the relationship between internal deterioration parameters and operation parameters.
  • the operation condition setting unit 47 can calculate recommended operation conditions for accelerating or decelerating the deterioration of the battery 1 from the internal deterioration parameters corresponding to the current deterioration state of the battery 1 by referring to the information in the database 24. .
  • the database 44 can be further expanded and the accuracy of deterioration prediction calculation can be improved.
  • the required life from the user is set in advance, it is preferable to notify the host controller 60 of recommended operating conditions for reaching the required life while maximizing the supply energy of the battery 1.
  • the recommended operating conditions can be set using control items such as maximum power, maximum current, SOC fluctuation range, amount of electricity used ( ⁇ SOC), battery temperature, operation center voltage, energization stop time, and stop time ratio.
  • the user can input the desired required life according to the control flow shown in FIG. It may be.
  • the user requested life setting process 12 sets the requested life in the recommended operating condition calculation process 11 based on the user input.
  • the recommended operating condition calculation process 11 the recommended operating condition for satisfying the user's request is set by comparing this required life with the life at the time of deterioration prediction, and the higher control unit 60 is notified. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to use the battery 1 to the maximum within a desired period. Moreover, the change of the request
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 data necessary for calculating the internal deterioration parameter is as follows.
  • the life control unit 40 for example, the battery voltage, the open circuit potential of the positive electrode, the open circuit potential of the negative electrode, the internal resistance of the battery, the internal resistance of the positive electrode, A data table that associates the internal resistances with each other is stored in advance.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 can calculate each of the above-described internal deterioration parameters using this data table.
  • the state of charge of the battery 1 can be expressed as, for example, the discharge capacity from the fully charged state to the fully discharged state divided into 100, with the fully charged state being 100% and the fully discharged state being 0%. .
  • the life control unit 40 stores a relational expression or table of the battery voltage with respect to the SOC of the battery 1. Thereby, OCV acquired from the battery 1 can be converted into SOC, or SOC acquired from the battery 1 can be converted into OCV.
  • the open circuit voltage of the battery 1 is the difference between the positive open circuit potential and the negative open circuit potential, as shown in FIG.
  • Battery capacity Q is the amount of electricity when the battery voltage is between the fully charged voltage Vh and the fully discharged voltage Vl.
  • the positive electrode electric quantity Qp can be expressed by a reference positive electrode capacity qp, a positive electrode utilization amount mp, and a positive electrode voltage deviation amount dp.
  • the negative electrode electric quantity Qn can be represented by a reference negative electrode capacity qn, a negative electrode utilization amount mn, and a negative electrode voltage deviation amount dn.
  • the relationship between these internal deterioration parameters and the battery capacity Q can be expressed by the above equation (1).
  • the value S related to the amount of lithium deactivated due to the deterioration of the battery 1 can be expressed by the above formula (2).
  • the above equation (3) is an equation representing the battery voltage V (Q) at a certain battery capacity Q.
  • the battery voltage V (Q) is obtained from the difference between the positive electrode potential Vp (qp) that is a function of the positive electrode reference capacity qp and the negative electrode potential Vn (qn) that is a function of the negative electrode reference capacity qp. Desired.
  • the above equation (4) is an equation representing the resistance value R (Q, t) at the battery capacity Q at a certain time t.
  • the resistance value R (Q, t) is defined by a resistance value R 0 that does not depend on the battery capacity Q, ap [r p (q p , t)] representing the positive electrode resistance, and a negative electrode resistance. It is calculated as the sum of an [r n (q n , t)].
  • r p (q p , t) and r n (q n , t) are standard positive and negative resistances.
  • ap and an are parameters indicating the relationship between the reference resistance and the electrode resistance.
  • adjustment parameters rp0 and rn0 can be introduced into the positive and negative electrode resistances.
  • the above formulas (1) to (4) are examples showing the relationship between the internal deterioration parameter, the battery capacity, and the battery resistance.
  • the positive electrode resistance and the negative electrode resistance may be obtained by using a relational expression such as Expression (4), or may be obtained by using a map showing a correspondence relationship with each numerical value of the internal deterioration parameter. is there.
  • each internal deterioration parameter can be specified, for example, as follows.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 uses the amount of change in voltage of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 1 at the reference capacity and the amount of change in voltage of the battery 1 to charge / discharge the battery 1. Calculate the voltage curve. Then, the calculation of the charge / discharge voltage curve is continued until the difference between the calculation result of the charge / discharge voltage curve and the charge / discharge voltage curve obtained by actual measurement is within the specified error.
  • an internal deterioration parameter related to the capacity of the battery 1 is acquired based on the calculation result.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the resistance value R (Q, t) using the formula (4) from the reference values of the positive electrode resistance and the negative electrode resistance, Compare with actual measurement. Then, the calculation of the resistance value is continued until the difference between the calculation result of the resistance value and the actually measured value is within the specified error. When the calculation of the resistance value is completed, an internal deterioration parameter related to the resistance of the battery 1 is acquired based on the calculation result.
  • the deterioration state estimation unit 46 calculates the current capacity and resistance of the battery 1 based on the internal deterioration parameters acquired as described above, and compares these with initial values to estimate the deterioration state of the battery 1. To do.
  • internal deterioration parameters are accumulated in time series.
  • the state of change of the accumulated internal deterioration parameter reflects the deterioration state of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the electrolytic solution, the member, and the like of the battery 1, and the deterioration portion can be specified based on this.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 collates the accumulated change in internal deterioration parameter with a database stored in advance, thereby predicting future deterioration of the battery 1 based on the internal deterioration parameter and the operation parameter, and recommends from the prediction result. Operating conditions can be set.
  • the above database represents the relationship between operating parameters and changes in each internal deterioration parameter.
  • a teacher data map as shown in FIG. 9 may be used.
  • This teacher data map is composed of an operating condition parameter portion indicating the characteristics of the test conditions and a deterioration estimation information portion which is information for estimation at the time of deterioration.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 evaluates the difference between the numerical value of each parameter in the operating condition parameter unit and the numerical value of the operating parameter extracted from the measurement history, and selects the combination of the operating parameters with the closest parameter transition pattern.
  • the internal deterioration parameter can be estimated.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature parameters generated from input conditions
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature parameters further normalized in the map.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example in which M feature parameters are extracted and standardized for combinations of N test conditions in the teacher data map of FIG. 9.
  • the degradation state estimation unit 46 uses the following equation (5) for each of the M operation parameters extracted from the measurement history for each feature parameter from k1 to km, for example, for each parameter value of the database shown in FIG. Euclidean distance between and is evaluated.
  • the internal deterioration parameter is predicted from the deterioration estimation formula using the operation parameter closest to the parameter value of the database, that is, the operation parameter having the shortest Euclidean distance.
  • the coefficients of capacity deterioration and resistance deterioration in the capacity deterioration formula differ depending on the temperature of the battery 1, for example, as shown in the deterioration coefficient table for each temperature illustrated in FIG. 13.
  • the degree of deterioration of the battery 1 changes according to various other conditions. Therefore, the accuracy of deterioration prediction is improved by using an estimation formula corresponding to each condition of the operation parameter.
  • the calculation load can be reduced compared to the case where numerical calculation is performed using a complicated relational expression, so that the amount of memory when mounted on a computer can be reduced. Become. Therefore, it is effective for downsizing and cost reduction of the system.
  • a battery whose remaining battery level (State Of Charge) correlates with voltage for example, organic electrolysis using a positive electrode active material as a lithium-containing oxide, a negative electrode active material as a non-graphitizable carbon material, and lithium hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a storage battery module mounted on the HEV.
  • a battery system 120 shown in FIG. 15 includes a battery 1, a battery cell management device 101, and a battery management device 102.
  • the battery cell management device 101 corresponds to, for example, the detection unit 20 in FIG. 2, and the battery management device 102 corresponds to, for example, the battery control unit 30 and the life control unit 40 in FIG.
  • two batteries 1 and two battery cell management devices 101 are provided in the battery system 120, but these may be one or three or more.
  • the battery 1 composed of a plurality of battery cells is connected to the battery cell management device 101, respectively.
  • the battery cell management device 101 detects the state of each battery cell of the battery 1.
  • the battery cell management device 101 is connected to the battery management device 102.
  • the battery management device 102 acquires the state of each battery cell of the battery 1 detected by the battery cell management device 101 from each battery cell management device 101.
  • the battery management device 102 calculates the battery capacity (SOC: State of Charge) and the battery deterioration state (SOH: State ⁇ of Health) of the battery 1 based on the acquired state of each battery cell, and outputs it to the host controller 60. To do.
  • the upper control unit 60 controls the operation of the inverter 203 and the relay box 400 based on these calculation results and the like.
  • the inverter 203 operates in accordance with the control of the host control unit 60, converts the DC power supplied from the battery 1 into AC power, and supplies the AC power to the motor 201.
  • the inverter 203 can also charge the battery 1 by converting AC power generated by the motor 201 into DC power.
  • the usage time of the battery 1 may be short during one day depending on the running state of the HEV, and there may be days when it is not used at all. Therefore, in order to accumulate data in a wide range of SOC, it is necessary to acquire data for a certain period.
  • the life control unit 40 estimates the deterioration state of the battery 1 by storing and analyzing time-series battery data in the data storage unit 41 in a certain range of time.
  • current, voltage, and battery temperature data captured at an arbitrary time is analyzed every two hours during vehicle operation, and a data range that satisfies a specific charge / discharge condition, for example, current I after discharging current I at time t
  • the data selection unit 42 selects a data range that is almost 0A and can be regarded as an open circuit. If such a data range can be selected, the data selection unit 42 extracts the SOC at the start of discharge with the current I and the subsequent open circuit voltage OCV, and stores them together with the voltage Vt during discharge and the SOC at the end of discharge. .
  • the data selection unit 42 acquires and accumulates these data over a SOC range of about several tens of percent until there are at least a plurality of combinations of OCV and discharge voltage Vt, preferably 4 to 50 or more. To do. At the same time, the temperature is recorded. By performing temperature correction on these acquired data, a charge / discharge voltage curve for analysis, that is, a charge / discharge end voltage curve and an OCV curve as shown in FIG. 6A can be created. Similarly, a resistance curve as shown in FIG. 6B can be created. Using these data, the internal deterioration parameter of the battery 1 is obtained.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 analyzes the operation parameters from the data accumulation values of the current, voltage, and battery temperature every two hours during the vehicle operation described above.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 for example, the start voltage Vini, the end voltage Vlast, the maximum voltage Vmax, the minimum voltage Vmin, the cell temperature Tc, the environmental temperature Ta, the charge capacity Qc, the discharge capacity Qd, the electric quantity fluctuation ⁇ Q per unit time, the maximum Current Imax, minimum current Imin, average current Iave, effective current Ie, operation center voltage Vcenter, stay time ratio Ratet of each voltage region, energization polarity ratio tp per unit time, energization time ratio ts, downtime ratio tr, up Various operating parameters such as lower limit SOC (SOCmax, SOCmin), upper and lower limit voltages (Vmax, Vmin), SOC fluctuation range ⁇ SOC, energization time ttotal, etc. can be analyzed.
  • the energization polarity ratio is an
  • Id represents the discharge current
  • Ic represents the charging current
  • the energization time ratio ts can be calculated by the following equation (6) from the discharge time b and the charge time d in the current waveform of FIG. 4A and the times a, c and e before and after these.
  • ts (b + d) / (a + b + c + d + e) (6)
  • the downtime ratio tr can be calculated by the following equation (7).
  • tr (a + c + e) / (a + b + c + d + e) (7)
  • the effective current Ie is a current value obtained by dividing the value obtained by integrating the square value of the current per time by the total time and taking the square root.
  • the SOC also varies with the variation of the charge / discharge current.
  • the SOC fluctuation range ⁇ SOC can be obtained from these differences.
  • the amount of electricity fluctuation ⁇ Q per unit time is extracted from the current waveform, for example, the amount of electricity ⁇ Qc of the portion where charging continues and the amount of electricity ⁇ Qd of the portion where discharging continues, and within these unit time Is obtained by adding up and dividing by the average value.
  • the operation parameter can be analyzed using the heat factor integrated value I 2 t defined as the heat generation index, the battery temperature change amount ⁇ T, or the like. Note that the number of data used for the analysis of the operating parameters can be determined according to the circuit scale or the like.
  • the operation parameter calculation unit 45 analyzes the operation parameters for several hours to several days corresponding to the accumulation period of the data accumulated in the data accumulation unit 41 in order to calculate the internal deterioration parameter, and corresponds to the operation state. Approximate the pattern. Furthermore, the result of analyzing the internal deterioration parameter and the operation parameter at that time may be accumulated as a third history set in time series, and the internal deterioration when the operation method changes and the change in capacity and resistance may be recorded. . By doing so, there is an effect that the abnormality of the battery 1 can be easily found.
  • the date and time and OCV at the time of key-on and key-off of the vehicle may be recorded, and the SOC-OCV acquisition points may be increased. Further, even when the vehicle is key-off, based on a signal input from the outside using a timer such as an external clock, the usage history data of the battery 1 is acquired every predetermined time and stored in the data storage unit 41. Also good. For example, the voltage of the battery 1 can be detected by the detection unit 20 (battery cell management device 101) using the power of the battery 1 itself, and OCV data can be acquired and accumulated from the detection result.
  • a stable OCV value can be acquired as usage history data of the battery 1 while preventing the battery 1 from being consumed. it can.
  • the deterioration state of the battery 1 is obtained by obtaining internal deterioration parameters related to the increase / decrease in capacity such as the positive electrode utilization rate, the negative electrode utilization rate, and the relative position from the battery capacity equation as shown in the above equation (1). Can be estimated. This is realized, for example, by a deterioration state estimation flow as shown in FIG.
  • the relationship between the positive electrode potential and the positive electrode capacity and the negative electrode potential and the negative electrode capacity is calculated from the OCV and the battery capacity of each electrode.
  • a positive electrode capacity difference, a negative electrode capacity difference, and a battery capacity change difference are calculated.
  • a slope (utilization rate) is calculated in which the positive electrode capacity difference and the battery capacity difference, and the negative electrode capacity difference and the battery capacity change difference are linear.
  • the relative position is calculated from the calculated utilization rate and single electrode capacity.
  • the relationship between the three internal deterioration parameters obtained in this way and the total amount of electricity used is stored in the database, and with reference to this, it is specified which part is effective for deterioration.
  • conditions for suppressing the deterioration of the battery 1 are calculated and notified to the host system as recommended operating conditions. By doing so, the life of the battery system can be extended.
  • the method for estimating the change in the internal deterioration parameter based on the usage history data of the battery 1 is, for example, as follows.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 first selects an appropriate battery 1 for these conditions. Select an estimation formula for characteristic changes.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 refers to, for example, the database 44 and selects an estimation formula for characteristic changes corresponding to the energization conditions and storage conditions applied to the battery 1.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the characteristic value of the battery 1 in the data section corresponding to the period in which the above-described energization condition and storage condition are applied, using the selected characteristic change estimation formula.
  • the database 44 is referred to An estimation formula for characteristic change corresponding to energization conditions and storage conditions in the subsequent section is selected.
  • the characteristic value in the subsequent section is calculated using the characteristic change estimation formula selected for the subsequent section.
  • the battery characteristic estimation method selects the first process in which the battery information that is switched in time series is input, and the estimation formula for the battery characteristic change according to the input battery information. And a second process. Furthermore, a third process of sequentially calculating the characteristic change based on the selected estimation formula and the previous calculation result is provided. That is, information such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery 1 that changes in time series according to the charge / discharge conditions is used as input information, and each time the condition changes, a plurality of deterioration relational expressions are used to change the previous condition. Is converted into an equivalent value (x ′) under the following conditions. The characteristic of the battery 1 is estimated according to the characteristic change estimation formula by adding the time series parameter value corresponding to the elapsed time and the number of cycles under the following conditions to the equivalent value (x ′).
  • the characteristic value is at least one of the above-described internal deterioration parameters. That is, parameters relating to capacity such as the usage amount mp of the positive electrode active material, the usage amount mn of the negative electrode active material, the deviation amount dp of the positive electrode voltage, the deviation amount dn of the negative electrode voltage, and the coefficient parameters such as ap, an and R0 relating to the resistance At least one of them is used as the characteristic value of the battery 1. Alternatively, a standardized internal deterioration parameter that represents a ratio to the initial value may be used as the characteristic value of the battery 1.
  • the time series parameter value (x) is a variable that includes time elements such as time, cycle, and integrated capacity and can be converted into time.
  • the estimation formula D f (x) for estimating each characteristic value D expressed as a function of this variable differs depending on the energization condition and storage condition related to deterioration.
  • the conditions relating to the deterioration are, for example, load current waveform, battery capacity ( ⁇ SOC), center value of the operating voltage of battery 1 (center SOC), start voltage ( Vini ), start SOC, charge current, discharge current, cycle It includes at least one of conditions such as time, pause time, energization time, long pause, heat generation, battery temperature, and environmental temperature.
  • an estimation formula stored in a database for each storage condition such as battery temperature and storage voltage may be used.
  • the internal deterioration parameters in a plurality of periods are sequentially calculated in order according to energization conditions and storage conditions that are switched in time series.
  • the time series parameter value at the time of switching between the energization condition and the storage condition is converted into the equivalent value of the time series parameter corresponding to the condition in the next period, and this is used to determine the internal deterioration parameter in the next period. Is calculated.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining an example of sequential calculation of internal deterioration parameters when a parameter that increases in time series, such as internal resistance, is used as a characteristic value.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 includes time-series usage conditions (energization conditions, storage conditions) of the battery 1 determined by a plurality of parameters 1, 2, and 3 that affect the deterioration.
  • the data of the time or the number of cycles at the time of switching automatically is input as the usage history data of the battery 1.
  • parameter 1 represents temperature
  • parameter 2 represents SOC at the time of storage
  • parameter 3 represents current.
  • Condition (b) represents a storage condition in which the value of parameter 1 is T 1 , the value of parameter 2 is SOC 1 , and the value of parameter 3 is 0.
  • Condition (d) represents a storage condition in which the value of parameter 1 is T 2 , the value of parameter 2 is SOC 2 , and the value of parameter 3 is 0.
  • Condition (c) represents a cycle condition as an energization condition in which the value of parameter 1 is T 3 and the value of parameter 3 is I 3 .
  • the input data to the internal degradation parameter calculation unit 43 first the input data indicates the time elapsed X 1 in storage conditions (b), the elapsed time X 2 in the second input data storage condition (d)
  • the third input data indicates the cycle number X 3 under the cycle condition (c)
  • the fourth input data indicates the elapsed time X 4 under the storage condition (d).
  • the usage history data representing the history information of the battery 1 is input to the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 in time series from the first to the nth for each condition.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 estimates the characteristic change of the battery 1 when the use condition is continuously changed based on the input data as described above as follows.
  • the database 44 of FIG. 3 stores a deterioration estimation formula for each combination of the parameters 1, 2, and 3 as a function of the change with respect to the characteristic value D.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 stores the estimation formula. You can choose either. That is, the table shown in FIG. 18B also shows correspondence information that associates the use conditions applied to the battery 1 with the deterioration estimation formula of the characteristic change of the battery 1 under the use conditions.
  • the estimation formula for each use condition stored in the database 44 may not use the same time series parameter.
  • a function expressed by any one of time series parameters that differ depending on use conditions, such as an accumulated electric quantity, time (day, hour, second), and cycle may be used as the characteristic value estimation formula.
  • D AX + C (A: degradation coefficient, X: cycle, C: constant)
  • D AX m + C (A: degradation coefficient, X: cycle, C: constant, m: order 0.5)
  • the time series parameter X may be time, integrated capacity, or the like in addition to the cycle.
  • the characteristic value D is expressed by a relational expression with a condition parameter, SOC, battery temperature, environmental temperature, battery usage, SOC fluctuation range, battery operation operation center voltage (center SOC), start voltage, charge / discharge
  • the estimation formula of the characteristic value D may be expressed using parameters such as a current value and heat generation.
  • not only one time series parameter X but also an estimation formula composed of a plurality of time series parameters such as X, Y, and Z may be used.
  • the final value of the characteristic value D k in the k-th data interval is an initial value of the characteristic value in the next (k + 1) -th data interval.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the characteristic value in each data section by performing the above calculation for each data section. For example, the characteristic values in the first to third data sections are calculated as follows. First, the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the characteristic value D 1 for the time series parameter X 1 using the deterioration estimation formula of the first condition (b). Internal degradation parameter calculation unit 43 then is time-series parameter X 1 is determined whether corresponding to many hours in the degradation estimation equation of the second condition (d), to calculate the time-series parameter X 1 'after conversion.
  • the internal degradation parameter calculation unit 43 uses the degradation estimation formula of the second condition (d) to calculate the time series parameter. calculating a characteristic value D 2 for X 2.
  • the time series parameter X 2 is asked whether equivalent to many cycles in the degradation estimation equation of the third condition (c), the time series of the converted parameters X 2 'Is calculated.
  • the internal degradation parameter calculation unit 43 uses the degradation estimation formula of the third condition (c) to calculate the time series parameter. calculating a characteristic value D 3 for X 3. At this time, the characteristic value D 3 is the final prediction value.
  • the characteristic value D 1 under this condition is obtained using the time series parameter X 1 as a variable in accordance with the deterioration estimation formula of the first condition (b). .
  • a converted value X 1 ′ representing how many hours the final value of the characteristic value D 1 corresponds to in the deterioration estimation formula of the second condition (d) is calculated, and the converted value X
  • the characteristic value D 2 under this condition is obtained using the time series parameter X 1 ′ + X 2 as a variable according to the deterioration estimation formula of condition (d) starting from 1 ′.
  • a converted value X 2 ′ representing how many cycles the final value of the characteristic value D 2 corresponds to in the deterioration estimation formula of the third condition (c) is calculated, and the converted value
  • the characteristic value D 3 under this condition is obtained using the time series parameter X 2 ′ + X 3 as a variable.
  • the characteristic values in each data section obtained in this way are output from the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 in chronological order.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an output example of the calculation result of the characteristic value.
  • FIG. 19A shows the time series parameters (time or cycle) on the horizontal axis, and the characteristic values output from the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 on the vertical axis.
  • the table shown in FIG. 19B is an example of output of characteristic values for each section corresponding to each condition in time series order.
  • FIG. 19 (a) the slope of the output at the inflection point where the condition is switched with respect to the continuous output change in each section of the time series parameters X 1 , X 2 and X 3 for each condition. You can see that it is changing suddenly.
  • information regarding the deterioration state of the battery 1 can be appropriately detected without preparing special discharge means, and the internal state of the battery 1 and the capacity and resistance of the battery 1 can be detected. Deterioration factors can be identified. As a result, it is possible to provide a life control type battery system capable of maximally using a battery within a predetermined period under an appropriate condition from the expected life.
  • the secondary battery control system includes a data storage unit 41 that acquires and stores usage history data of the battery 1 including the current and voltage of the battery 1 according to the usage time of the battery 1 that is a secondary battery, and data Based on the data selection unit 42 that selects a predetermined range of data from the usage history data stored in the storage unit 41 and the data selected by the data selection unit 42, the battery 1 according to the capacity and internal resistance deterioration state
  • An internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 that calculates an internal deterioration parameter
  • a deterioration state estimation unit 46 that estimates the deterioration state of the battery 1 based on the internal deterioration parameter calculated by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43. Since it did in this way, the deterioration state according to the use log
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4884404 described above is known as a prior art of a state determination method for a secondary battery.
  • the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery is reproduced by calculation based on the single charge / discharge curve of the positive electrode and the negative electrode stored in advance, and the active material utilization of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is used in the process.
  • a method for obtaining weight, capacity deviation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential of the battery is described.
  • this conventional technique is a technique for analyzing a charge / discharge curve that does not include the influence of internal resistance, it is impossible to determine the resistance of the positive electrode or the negative electrode in the internal resistance of the battery. Therefore, in order to estimate the deterioration state of the battery, it is necessary to measure for a long time with a small current value.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 55372366 discloses a technique for calculating positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential from the release voltage without long-time measurement at a minute current value, and designating lithium dendrite precipitation based on this. Is described. However, since this method is specialized for detection of deterioration based on the capacity of the battery, a method for acquiring deterioration information related to resistance is not described.
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-220900 describes a technique for estimating battery capacity deterioration. However, this method also does not describe a method for acquiring deterioration information regarding resistance, as in Patent Document 2.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 3 In the case of an in-vehicle battery system such as a hybrid vehicle, the conventional techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above have a problem that it is difficult to evaluate the deterioration of the battery with respect to the input / output performance of the battery, which is limited. On the other hand, it is difficult to accurately control the battery life only by detecting the current deterioration level.
  • deterioration cannot be estimated when the condition that the change in battery capacity is proportional to the square root of the total capacity is not satisfied.
  • the estimation technique about resistance degradation is not disclosed, but is limited to capacity degradation estimation.
  • deterioration estimation is not necessarily performed by taking over the state of the battery at the time when the charge / discharge conditions are switched.
  • the deterioration estimation is performed on the assumption that the decrease in capacity is proportional to the half power of the energization current. However, this means that the initial capacity decrease is large, so the conversion with the total capacity starts from the initial stage. The integrated value is applied.
  • the deterioration state can be determined on the basis of the change in the material characteristics inside the battery and the change in the structure from the above configuration. Therefore, it is possible to provide a control means that realizes higher safety and suppression of characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery, particularly based on the internal resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery. As a result, it is possible to provide a battery system that can appropriately control the life of the battery and effectively utilize it while satisfying the user's required life.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 represents the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the charge / discharge end voltage based on the voltage of the battery 1 represented by the data selected by the data selection unit 42 in FIG.
  • a charging / discharging end voltage curve and an OCV curve as shown in FIG. 6A representing the relationship between the SOC and the OCV of the battery 1 are obtained for a plurality of usage times.
  • the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the internal resistance is shown in FIG.
  • Such a resistance curve is obtained for each of a plurality of usage times.
  • an internal deterioration parameter is calculated. Since it did in this way, the internal deterioration parameter which represents the deterioration state of the battery 1 appropriately can be calculated.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 calculates the internal deterioration parameter based on the charge / discharge end voltage curve, the OCV curve, and the resistance curve at different dates. In this way, the internal deterioration parameter can be calculated more accurately.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculated by the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 is a parameter related to the positive electrode capacity of the battery 1, a parameter related to the negative electrode capacity of the battery 1, a parameter related to the positive electrode resistance of the battery 1, and a negative electrode resistance of the battery 1. Parameters. Therefore, the internal deterioration parameter can be calculated by accurately reflecting the capacity and resistance deterioration state of the battery 1.
  • the internal deterioration parameter calculation unit 43 relates to a parameter relating to the positive electrode capacity of the battery 1, a parameter relating to the negative electrode capacity of the battery 1, and a positive electrode resistance of the battery 1 based on a data table or function stored in advance in the database 44.
  • the parameter and the parameter relating to the negative electrode resistance of the battery 1 can be calculated respectively. In this way, each parameter can be calculated easily and accurately.
  • the secondary battery control system further includes an operation condition setting unit 47 that sets operation conditions for controlling charging / discharging of the battery 1 based on the deterioration state of the battery 1 estimated by the deterioration state estimation unit 46. Prepare. Since it did in this way, charging / discharging of the battery 1 can be appropriately controlled in consideration of the deterioration state of the battery 1.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 sets operating conditions based on the deterioration state of the battery 1 and the required life for the battery 1. Since it did in this way, the driving
  • the secondary battery control system further includes an operation parameter calculation unit 45 that calculates an operation parameter of the battery 1 based on the use history data stored in the data storage unit 41.
  • the operation condition setting unit 47 sets the operation condition based on the deterioration state of the battery 1 and the operation parameter calculated by the operation parameter calculation unit 45.
  • the operating condition setting unit 47 can set the operating condition by performing the deterioration prediction of the battery 1 based on the internal deterioration parameter and the operating parameter using the database stored in advance in the database 44. Since it did in this way, the lifetime of the battery 1 is estimated in consideration of the driving
  • the data storage unit 41 may acquire and store usage history data at predetermined time intervals based on an externally input signal. In this way, usage history data can be reliably acquired and stored regardless of the usage state of the battery 1.

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Abstract

La présente invention vise à estimer avec précision l'état de détérioration d'une batterie secondaire selon l'historique d'utilisation de cette dernière. Le système de commande de batterie secondaire selon la présente invention comprend : une unité d'accumulation de données (41) où les données d'historique d'utilisation d'une batterie (1), qui est une batterie secondaire, comprenant le courant et la tension de la batterie (1) correspondant au temps d'utilisation de la batterie (1), sont acquises et accumulées ; une unité de sélection de données (42) destinée à sélectionner une plage prédéterminée de données à partir des données d'historique d'utilisation des données accumulées par l'unité d'accumulation de données (41) ; une unité de calcul de paramètre de détérioration interne (43) destinée à calculer, sur la base des données sélectionnées par l'unité de sélection de données (42), des paramètres de détérioration interne correspondant à l'état de détérioration de la capacité et de la résistance interne de la batterie (1) ; et une unité d'estimation d'état de détérioration (46) destinée à estimer l'état de détérioration de la batterie (1) sur la base des paramètres de détérioration interne calculés par l'unité de calcul de paramètres de détérioration interne (43).
PCT/JP2016/086292 2015-12-14 2016-12-07 Système de commande de batterie secondaire WO2017104497A1 (fr)

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