Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
  • A61K35/74—Bacteria
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
  • A61K35/74—Bacteria
  • A61K35/741—Probiotics
  • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K2035/11—Medicinal preparations comprising living procariotic cells
  • A61K2035/115—Probiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/46—Ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. skin, bone, milk, cotton fibre, eggshell, oxgall or plant extracts

Definitions

• the field of the invention relates to compositions and uses of probiotics, including Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria.
• Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms naturally existing in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of humans and animals.
• GI gastrointestinal
• the World Health Organization defined probiotics as "Live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (Joint F AO/WHO Expert Consultation Report, 2001).
• Many probiotics-related health benefits such as decreasing symptoms from antibiotics-induced diarrhea, acute diarrhea, traveler diarrhea, allergy, respiratory and urinary tract infections, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colon and bladder cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis have been reported.
• Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are commercially available probiotics. However, these bacteria are sensitive to air exposure, elevated temperature, and stomach acids.
• Pediococcus acidilactici is a plant based probiotic that is widely applied in sausage preparation for human consumption and as animal feed additives to improve animal health. Moreover, P. acidilactici was reported to be able to stimulate the antibody production against parasitic infection of broiler chicken coccidiosis, and ovalbumin antibody production in ovalbumin vaccinated horses (Furr et al., Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 34: 1 156-1163 (2014)). Both T-cell and B-cell multiplication were detected in rats fed with Pediococcus-b&sed probiotics which were mixtures of P. acidilactici and Sacchromyces boulardii.
• compositions and methods comprising probiotics such as Pediococcus acidilactici, particularly methods for enhancing the viability of probiotics when subjected to heat.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a probiotc in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic sub stance that enhances viability of the probiotic in the composition when the composition is subjected to heat.
• the invention provides a container suitable for containing a food product comprising a composition comprising a probiotc in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance that enhances viability of the probiotic in the composition when the composition is subjected to heat.
• the invention provides a container suitable for containing a food product, wherein a portion or surface of the container is coated with an effective amount of Pediococcus acidilactici.
• the invention provides a method of enhancing the viability of a probiotic in a composition that is subjected to heat, comprising
• the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition characterized by inflammation in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic composition as described herein.
• the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic increases the number of anti -inflammatory M2 macrophage cells in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition. In some embodiments, the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic increases IL-10 production in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition. In some embodiments, the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic decreases the levels of IL-6 and/or IL-23 in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition.
• the disease or condition characterized by inflammation is selected from the group consisting of malignancy (cancer), arthritis, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis, infection, wound healing, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, bronchitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, bursitis, dermatitis, asthma, autoimmune disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, gout, trauma, foreign body infection, burns, dental work, tendonitis, rhinitis, mucositis, and exposure to toxins such as chemicals and alcohol.
• malignancy cancer
• arthritis cardiovascular disease
• hepatitis infection
• wound healing pancreatitis
• gastroesophageal reflux disease gastroesophageal reflux disease
• diabetes inflammatory bowel disease
• peptic ulcer disease peptic ulcer disease
• bronchitis cholecystitis
• appendicitis cholecystitis
• the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is strain NRRL
• the subject is a human.
• the subject is administered greater than 1.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic. In some embodiments, the subject is administered greater than 4.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic.
• the subject is administered one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• the subject is administered one or more chemotherapeutic (anti-cancer) agents and/or radiotherapy in combination with the
• the subject is not administered another therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the subject is not administered another probiotic.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is strain NRRL B-50517.
• the composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
• FIG. 1 Effect of P. acidilactici 5051 probiotic on body fat %.
• FIG. 2 Effect of P. acidilactici 5051 probiotic on IL-23 activity.
• FIG. 3 Effect of P. acidilactici 5051 probiotic on IL-6 activity.
• FIG. 4 Effects of Pediococcus-b&sed probiotics on a dog with pancreatitis.
• a 14 years old, female, spayed toy poodle with pancreatitis was treated 100 mg KAMOSTAALIOO twice a day at a point in time (red dot), and the treatment was stopped about 2 1 ⁇ 2 months later (red square).
• Pediococcus-based probiotics were applied (green dot), and stopped at about a month later (green square). After the relapse, Pediococcus-based probiotics were applied again (green circle), and continued for a period of time (green arrow).
• FIG. 5 Pediococcus acdilactici NRRL B-50517 manufacture process summary flow chart.
• FIG. 6 Exemplary containers for food products comprising probiotic compositions.
• the invention is based, in part, on the surprising discovery that the viability of probiotics such as Pediococcus acidilactici can be enhanced when combined with effective amounts of an amphipathic substance when the composition is subjected to heat.
• the invention is also based, in part, on the surprising discovery that administration of effective amounts of a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic are able to treat diseases or conditions characterized by inflammation.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a probiotic in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance that enhances viability of the probiotic in the composition when the composition is subjected to heat.
• the composition comprises an effective amount of a probiotic when suitable for administration to a subject.
• the invention comprises a method of making a probiotic composition with improved viability in response to heat, comprising adding an effective amount of an amphipathic substance to a composition comprising a probiotic.
• the invention comprises a method of enhancing the viability of a probiotic in a composition that is subjected to heat, comprising
• the probiotic is not particularly limiting. In some embodiments, the probiotic is mixed with the amphipathic substance as a freeze dried fermentive culture. In some embodiments, the probiotic is Pediococcus acidilactici.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic that can be used in accordance with the invention is not limiting.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is a strain that is viable above 65°C, is able to grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and in a pH range between 1 and 6.2.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is a strain deposited in the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Patent Culture Collection as NRRL B-50517. Strain NRRL B-50517 is described in U.S. Application No. 13/676,579, which is herein incorporated by reference.
• ARS Agricultural Research Service
• the Pediococcus acidilactici for use in the invention can be selected for tolerance to elevated temperatures, low pH values, and aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• compositions comprise greater than about 1.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise greater than 4.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic.
• Amphipathic molecules are molecules having both polar and non-polar portions in their structure. Amphipathic molecules generally have a hydrophobic portion of the molecule that orients into a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic portion that orients toward the aqueous phase.
• the amphipathic substance comprises lecithin, peanut butters, almond butters, soy butters or cookie butter as carriers of the probiotic such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures.
• excess amounts of amphipathic substances are used and can protect P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures from harsh dry heat or wet heat treatment.
• Lethicin is a phosphatidylcholine and can comprise natural mixtures of neutral and polar lipids from vegetable and/or animal sources. It has low solubility in water, but is an excellent emulsifier. In aqueous solution, its phospholipids can form either liposomes, bilayer sheets, micelles, or lamellar structures, depending on hydration and temperature. This results in a type of surfactant that usually is classified as amphipathic.
• the amphipathic substance is a lipid.
• Hydrophilic characteristics derive from the presence of polar or charged groups such as carbohydrates, phosphato, carboxylic, sulfato, amino, sulfhydryl, nitro, hydroxy and other like groups. Hydrophobicity can be conferred by the inclusion of apolar groups that include, but are not limited to, long chain saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and such groups substituted by one or more aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic group(s). Examples of amphipathic compounds include, but are not limited to, phospholipids, aminolipids and sphingolipids.
• phospholipids include, but are not limited to, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylcholine or dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine.
• Other compounds lacking in phosphorus such as sphingolipid, glycosphingolipid families, diacylglycerols and ⁇ -acyloxyacids, are also within the group designated as amphipathic lipids.
• the amphipathic substance comprises lecithin, peanut butter, almond butter, soy butter or cookie butter. In some embodiments, the amphipathic substance is sunflower lecithin.
• an "effective amount" of an amphipathic substance as described herein is an amount that is capable of enhancing the viability of the probiotic in response to heat, as compared with the viability of the probiotic in the absence of the amphipathic substance.
• the viability of the probiotic is enhanced at least about 2-fold compared with a composition that lacks the effective amount of amphipathic substance.
• viability is enhanced at least about 25%, 50%, 75%, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold or 10- fold.
• viability is enhanced at least about 10-fold compared with a composition that lacks the effective amount of amphipathic substance.
• the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the probiotic ranges from about 1 : 10 to about 25: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the probiotic ranges from about 1 : 1 to about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the probiotic is about 5 : 1. In some embodiments, the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the probiotic is about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of the amphipathic substance can be higher than 25 : 1. For example, in some embodiments, the peanut butter powders and/or lecithin can be treated as sugar carriers.
• probiotics up to 1 part of probiotics to 25 parts of lecithin or peanut butter can be produced, but it can be as high as one would like to blend probiotics with sugar carriers. This means, one part probiotics can mix with 100 parts (or even higher) of lecithin or peanut butter powders without problems.
• the amphipathic substance is mixed with the probiotic as a dried powder.
• the amphipathic substance serves as a carrier and can be combined with the probiotic and an oil, forming a lipid paste that makes the probiotic more resistant to heat, such as dry heat treatment or liquid heat treatment, such as pasteurization processes for food treatment.
• the oil is not particularly limiting and can include edible oils.
• the oil can include oils from plant sources such as olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, fish oil, sunflower oil, canola oil (rapeseed oil), corn oil, peanut oil and other vegetable oils, as well as animal-based oils like butter and lard.
• the oil is olive oil.
• the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the probiotic and to the oil ranges from about 1 : 10:0.1 to about 10: 1 :25. In some embodiments, the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the oil is from about 1 :0.5 to about 0.5 : 1. In some embodiments the ratio (w/w) of the amphipathic substance to the oil is about 1 : 1.
• the nature of the heat is not necessarily limiting, and can include dry heat, water vapor and liquid heat treatment.
• Liquid heat means the product is submerged into the hot liquid such as water and the heat treatment is performed together with the liquid.
• the composition is subjected to a dry heat. Dry heat treatment can be accomplished using an oven or hot plate without water and water vapors. In some embodiments, the heating can start at a first temperature and ending at a second, desired temperature. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected immediately to dry heat at the desired temperature without a heating step. In some embodiments, the desired temperature of the dry heat is at least 50°C.
• the dry heat is at least about 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61 °C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C of 100°C.
• the dry heat ranges from 65-100°C.
• the composition can also be subjected to dry heat at a first temperature for a period of time, and then exposed one or more heat treatments at one or more different temperatures for a period of time.
• the duration of exposure to the heat is not particularly limiting.
• the composition is exposed to heat instantly, and then immediately removed from heat.
• the composition is subjected to heat for at least about 1 second.
• the composition is subjected to heat for at least about 1 second, 2 seconds, seconds, 4 seconds, 5 seconds, 6 seconds, 7 seconds, 8 seconds, 9 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minute, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, or at least two hours.
• the composition is subjected to heat for at least about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to dry heat at a first temperature, followed by subjecting the composition to dry heat at a second temperature. In some embodiments, the first temperature is about 50-65°C and the second temperature is about 85°C or higher. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to heat at the first temperature for at least about 1 second to at least about 2 hours and is subjected to heat at the second temperature for at least about 1 second to at least about 2 hours. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the first temperature overnight. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the second temperature overnight.
• the composition is subjected to heat at the first temperature for about 30 minutes and is subjected to heat at the second temperature for about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to heat at the first temperature for about 30 minutes and is subjected to heat at the second temperature for about 30 minutes.
• the purpose of the multiple heat treatments at different temperatures is to make sure that samples are at the right temperature for the second temperature treatment, because it can take some time for materials to heat from room temperature to, e.g., 85°C.
• the compositions are pretreated at 65°C for 30 minutes to overnight and then shifted to 85°C for the treatment time to achieve the right temperature heat treatment. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to liquid heat.
• the liquid heat is at least about 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61°C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C.
• the liquid heat is at least about 50- 65°C. In some embodiments, the liquid heat ranges from about 65°C to about 95°C. In some embodiments, the liquid heat is at least about 70°C, 75°C, or 80°C.
• the liquid heat is at least about 81 °C, 82°C, 83°C, 84 ⁇ 0, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, or 95°C.
• the composition is exposed to liquid heat instantly, and then immediately removed from heat. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the liquid heat for at least about one second. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the liquid heat for at least about one second to about one hour. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the liquid heat for at least about 1 second, 2 seconds, seconds, 4 seconds, 5 seconds, 6 seconds, 7 seconds, 8 seconds, 9 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, or at least one hour. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the heat for at least about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is subjected to the heat for at least about 10 minutes.
• the composition is contacted with a food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product and subjected to heat together with the product.
• an already heated food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product is dispensed into a container comprising the composition or otherwise combined with the composition.
• the already heated food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product is contacted very shortly after the heat treatment, without a significant cooling step prior to combining the product with the probiotic composition.
• the subjecting the composition to a heat step of part ii) comprises contacting the composition with a food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product, wherein the food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product had been previously subjected to heat prior to contacting the composition.
• the composition will be present within a container that the heated food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product is dispensed into.
• the invention further provides a container suitable for containing a food, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical product comprising compositions as described herein.
• the container is made from a substance comprising glass, plastic, paper/carton, aluminum or dried plant fruit shell.
• the composition and shape of the container is not limiting provided that it is suitable for containing a food, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical product.
• the container is coated with a probiotic composition as described herein.
• the container is coated with an effective amount of Pediococcus acidilactici .
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is strain NRRL B-50517.
• a composition comprising a probiotic such as Pediococcus acidilactici, including strain NRRL B-50517 and an amphipathic substance such as sunflower lecithin as provided herein is coated onto a surface or portion of the container.
• the container further comprises a food, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical product.
• the food product comprises oil, vinegar, yogurt, fruit product, applesauce, dairy product, beverage, candy, snack items, juice or food for deserts such as cookies, cake, JELLO, fruit bars, fruit custard, or tiramisu.
• a heated food, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical product is dispensed into the coated container, followed by sealing of the container.
• the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition characterized by inflammation in a subj ect in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic.
• the subject is administered a composition as described herein.
• the composition comprises a probiotic and amphipathic substance as described herein.
• treat and all its forms and tenses (including, for example, treating, treated, and treatment) refers to therapeutic treatment.
• those in need of treatment include those already with a pathological disease or condition of the invention (including, for example, a cancer), in which case treating refers to administering to a subject (including, for example, a human or other mammal in need of treatment) a therapeutically effective amount of a composition so that the subject has an improvement in a sign or symptom of a pathological condition of the invention.
• the improvement may be any observable or measurable improvement.
• a treatment may improve the patient's condition, but may not be a complete cure of the disease or pathological condition.
• the subject to be treated herein is not limiting.
• the subj ect to be treated is a mammal, bird, reptile or fish.
• Mammals that can be treated in accordance with the invention include, but are not limited to, humans, dogs, cats, horses, mice, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, cows, pigs, monkeys, apes and the like, subject to a disease or other pathological condition characterized by inflammation.
• the term "patient” and "subject” are used interchangeably.
• the subject is a human.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic can be administered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 times per day. In some embodiments, the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is administered 4 times a day, 2 times a day, or once per day. In some embodiments, the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is administered every 2 hours, every 4 hours, every six hours, every 8 hours, every 10 hours, every 12 hours or every 24 hours. In some embodiments, the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is administered once a day.
• the duration of administration of the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic can vary for each individual to be treated/administered depending on the individual cases and the diseases or conditions to be treated.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic can be administered continuously for a period of several days, weeks, months, or years of treatment or can be intermittently administered where the individual is administered the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic for a period of time, followed by a period of time where they are not treated, and then a period of time where treatment resumes as needed to treat the disease or condition.
• the individual to be treated is administered the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic of the invention daily, every other day, every three days, every four days, 2 days per week 3 days per week, 4 days per week, 5 days per week or 7 days per week.
• the individual is administered t e Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic for 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 1 1 months, 1 year or longer.
• the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic increases the number of anti -inflammatory M2 macrophage cells in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition.
• the antiinflammatory M2 macrophage cells increase by about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 100%, about 125%, about 150%, about 175%, about 200%, about 250%, about 300%, about 350%, about 400%, or about 450%, about 500%, about 600%, about 700%, about 800%, about 900%) or about 1000% or more over untreated levels.
• the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic increases IL-10 production in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition.
• the IL-10 production increases by about 10%), about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 100%, about 125%, about 150%, about 175%, about 200%, about 250%, about 300%, about 350%, about 400%, or about 450%, about 500%, about 600%, about 700%, about 800%, about 900% or about 1000% or more over untreated levels.
• the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic decreases the levels of IL-6 and/or IL-23 in the subject, thereby treating the disease or condition. In some embodiments, the levels of IL-6 and/or IL-23 decrease by about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or about 100% over untreated levels. In some embodiments, the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic increases the number of anti -inflammatory M2 macrophage cells in the subject, in combination with increasing IL-10 production, and optionally decreasing IL-6 and/or IL-23 in the subject.
• the disease or condition characterized by inflammation is selected from the group consisting of malignancy (cancer), arthritis, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis, infection, wound healing, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, bronchitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, bursitis, dermatitis, asthma, autoimmune disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, gout, trauma, foreign body infection, burns, dental work, tendonitis, rhinitis, mucositis, and exposure to toxins such as chemicals and alcohol.
• malignancy cancer
• arthritis cardiovascular disease
• hepatitis infection
• wound healing pancreatitis
• gastroesophageal reflux disease gastroesophageal reflux disease
• diabetes inflammatory bowel disease
• peptic ulcer disease peptic ulcer disease
• bronchitis cholecystitis
• appendicitis cholecystitis
• carcinomas and sarcomas such as, for example, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical cancer, AIDS-related cancers, AIDS-related lymphoma, anal cancer, astrocytoma (including, for example, cerebellar and cerebral), basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor (including, for example, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma), cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, breast cancer, bronchial adenomas/carcinoids, Burkitt's lymphoma
• carcinomas and sarcomas such as, for example, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical cancer, AIDS-related cancers, AIDS-
• the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic that can be used in accordance with the invention is not limiting.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is a strain that is viable above 65°C, is able to grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and in a pH range between 1 and 6.2.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici is a strain deposited in the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Patent Culture Collection as NRRL B-50517. Strain NRRL B-50517 is described in U. S. Application No. 13/676,579, which is herein incorporated by reference.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici for use in the invention can be selected for tolerance to elevated temperatures, low pH values, and aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” is administered to the subject.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to decrease, suppress, or ameliorate one or more symptoms associated with the disease or condition.
• the subject is administered greater than 1.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic. In some embodiments, the subject is administered greater than 4.0 x 10 9 cfu of the probiotic.
• the subject is administered one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agents are those commonly used to treat the disease or condition characterized by inflammation.
• the subject is administered in combination an antiinflammatory drug.
• the administered Pediococcus acidilactici and anti -inflammatory drug act synergistically.
• the anti-inflammatory drug is a non-steroidal anti -inflammatory drug (NSAID).
• anti-inflammatory drug is selected from the group consisting of Antazoline, Balsalazide, Beclometasone, Betamethasone, Budesonide, Celecoxib, Colchicine, Deflazacort, Dexamethasone, Dexibuprofen, Diclofenac, Etanercept, Etodolac, Felbinac, Fenoprofen, Flumetasone, Fluorometholone, Flurbiprofen, Flurbiprofen, Fluticasone, Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketoprofen, Loteprednol, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Mesalazine, Methylprednisolone, Mometasone, Nabumetone, Naproxen, Nepafenac, Olsalazine, Prednisolone, Rimexolone, Sulfasalazin
• the anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of Abiraterone Acetate, Abitrexate (Methotrexate), Abraxane (Paclitaxel Albumin-stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation), ABVD, ABVE, ABVE-PC, AC, AC-T, Adcetris (Brentuximab Vedotin), ADE, Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin Hydrochloride), Adrucil (Fluorouracil), Afatinib Dimaleate, Afinitor (Everolimus), Aldara (Imiquimod), Aldesleukin, Alemtuzumab, Alimta (Pemetrexed Disodium), Aloxi (Palonosetron Hydrochloride), Ambochlorin (Chlorambucil), Amboclorin (Chlorambucil), Aminolevulinic Acid, Anastrozole, Aprepit,
• the drug is selected from the group consisting of Paclitaxel, Curcumin, Docetaxel, Ixabepilone, Vinblastine, Colchicine, Y-27632 Fasudil, SU6656 Dasatinib, HDAC inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, Parthenolide, Costunolide and ML-7 Jazplakinolide.
• the subject is not administered another therapeutic agent and is administered a composition consisting of or consisting essentially of the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic, optionally in admixture with an amphipathic substance and/or food.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic.
• the composition comprises Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• the compositions comprise effective amounts of Pediococcus acidilactici, including Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance and optionally an oil as described herein.
• the composition comprises a food, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical product in combination with Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance and optionally an oil.
• compositions are pharmaceutical compositions.
• the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions comprising effective amounts of Pediococcus acidilactici, including Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 which are capable of treating of one or more diseases or conditions characterized by inflammation.
• the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions comprising effective amounts of Pediococcus acidilactici, including Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance and optionally an oil and which are capable of treating of one or more diseases or conditions characterized by inflammation.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and biologically acceptable.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici can be provided in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipients or diluent.
• Suitable carriers, excipients and/or diluents include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical grade starch, mannitol, lactose, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, (or other sugar), magnesium carbonate, gelatin, oil, alcohol, detergents, emulsifiers or water (preferably sterile).
• the composition may be a mixed preparation of a composition or may be a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use (including administration).
• the Pediococcus acidilactici can also be administered in sachets that have to be added to a glass of water and then drunk.
• the composition is suitable for oral administration.
• the composition is a tablet, capsule, pill, dragee, suspension, lozenge, emulsion, aqueous solution, liquid, gel, or syrup.
• the compositions can be delivered in the form of functional foods and/or beverages, as well as in the form of various supplements.
• Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the Pediococcus acidilactici] as a powder or granules, which in some embodiments can be wettable, spray -dried or freeze-dried.; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
• a tablet can be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
• Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g. povidone, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose) surface-active or dispersing agent.
• Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
• the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an enteric coating, to provide release in parts of the gut other than the stomach.
• the composition comprises one or more of the following: tablets, pills, capsules, ovules, solutions or suspensions, which may contain flavouring or colouring agents, for immediate-, delayed-, modified-, sustained-, pulsed- or controlled-release applications.
• composition of the present invention may be combined with various sweetening or flavouring agents, colouring matter or dyes, with emulsifying and/or suspending agents and with diluents such as water, propylene glycol and glycerin, and combinations thereof.
• the compositions of the invention are formulated in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
• unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the individuals to be treated.
• the compositions are formulated into discrete dosage units each containing a predetermined "unit dosage” or "unit dose” of one or more active compounds calculated to produce the desired effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
• the composition comprises gelatin capsules.
• the gelatin capsules comprise effective amounts of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures with peach fruit powder, in a dose of from about 1-4 billion CFU.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici are typically administered on or in a support as part of a product, in particular as a component of a food product, a dietary supplement or a pharmaceutical formulation. These products typically contain additional components well known to those skilled in the art.
• the composition comprises a Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance and optionally an oil.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici are employed according to the invention in a food product such as a food supplement, a drink or a powder based on milk.
• a food product such as a food supplement, a drink or a powder based on milk.
• the term "food” is used in a broad sense ⁇ and covers food for humans as well as food for animals ⁇ i.e. a feed).
• the food is for human consumption.
• the food may be in the form of a solution or as a solid, depending on the use and/or the mode of application and/or the mode of administration.
• compositions of the present invention may be used in conjunction with one or more of: a nutritionally acceptable carrier, a nutritionally acceptable diluent, a nutritionally acceptable excipient, a nutritionally acceptable adjuvant, a nutritionally active ingredient.
• the composition of the present invention can be used as an ingredient to soft drinks, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising whey protein, health teas, cocoa drinks, milk drinks, yoghurt and drinking yoghurt, cheese, ice cream, water ices and desserts, confectionery, biscuits cakes and cake mixes, snack foods, balanced foods and drinks, fruit fillings, care glaze, chocolate bakery filling, cheese cake flavoured filling, fruit flavoured cake filling, cake and doughnut icing, instant bakery filling creams, fillings for cookies, ready-to-use bakery filling, reduced calorie filling, adult nutritional beverage, acidified soy/juice beverage, aseptic/retorted chocolate drink, bar mixes, beverage powders, calcium fortified soy/plain and chocolate milk, calcium fortified coffee beverage.
• the composition can further be used as an ingredient in food products such as American cheese sauce, anti-caking agent for grated & shredded cheese, chip dip, cream cheese, dry blended whip topping fat free sour cream, freeze/thaw dairy whipping cream, freeze/thaw stable whipped topping, low fat and light natural cheddar cheese, low fat Swiss style yoghurt, aerated frozen desserts, hard pack ice cream, label friendly, improved economics & indulgence of hard pack ice cream, low fat ice cream: soft serve, barbecue sauce, cheese dip sauce, cottage cheese dressing, dry mix Alfredo sauce, mix cheese sauce, dry mix tomato sauce and others.
• food products such as American cheese sauce, anti-caking agent for grated & shredded cheese, chip dip, cream cheese, dry blended whip topping fat free sour cream, freeze/thaw dairy whipping cream, freeze/thaw stable whipped topping, low fat and light natural cheddar cheese, low fat Swiss style yoghurt, aerated frozen desserts, hard pack ice cream, label friendly, improved economics &
• dairy product as used herein is meant to include a medium comprising milk of animal and/or vegetable origin.
• milk of animal origin there can be mentioned cow's, sheep's, goat's or buffalo's milk.
• milk of vegetable origin there can be mentioned any fermentable substance of vegetable origin which can be used according to the invention, in particular originating from soybeans, rice or cereals.
• the food product employed according to the invention is a fermented milk or humanized milk.
• compositions can be used in connection with yoghurt production, such as fermented yoghurt drink, yoghurt, drinking yoghurt, cheese, fermented cream, milk based desserts and others.
• yoghurt production such as fermented yoghurt drink, yoghurt, drinking yoghurt, cheese, fermented cream, milk based desserts and others.
• composition can be further used as an ingredient in one or more of cheese applications, meat applications, or applications comprising protective cultures.
• the present invention also provides a method of preparing a food or a food ingredient, the method comprising admixing a composition according to the present invention with another food ingredient.
• the present invention relates to products that have been contacted with the composition of the present invention (and optionally with other components/ingredients), wherein the composition is used in an amount to be capable of improving the nutrition and/or health benefits of the product.
• the term "contacted" refers to the indirect or direct application of the composition of the present invention to the product.
• the application methods include, but are not limited to, treating the product in a material comprising the composition, direct application by mixing the composition with the product, spraying the composition onto the product surface or dipping the product into a preparation of the composition.
• the composition of the present invention is preferably admixed with the product.
• the composition may be included in the emulsion or raw ingredients of a foodstuff.
• the composition may be applied as a seasoning, glaze, colorant mixture, and the like.
• composition is made available on or to the surface of a product to be affected/treated. This allows the composition to impart one or more of the following favourable characteristics: nutrition and/or health benefits.
• compositions of the present invention may be applied to intersperse, coat and/or impregnate a product with a controlled amount of a viable microorganism.
• the composition is used to ferment milk or sucrose fortified milk or lactic media with sucrose and/or maltose where the resulting media containing all components of the composition--!.
• said microorganism according to the present invention can be added as an ingredient to yoghurt milk in suitable concentrations—such as for example in concentrations in the final product which offer a daily dose of 10 6 -10 10 cfu.
• the microorganism according to the present invention may be used before or after fermentation of the yoghurt.
• the microorganisms according to the present invention are used as, or in the preparation of, animal feeds, such as livestock feeds, in particular poultry (such as chicken) feed, pet food, or pet treats.
• animal feeds such as livestock feeds, in particular poultry (such as chicken) feed, pet food, or pet treats.
• the Pediococcus acidilactici should remain effective through the normal "sell-by" or “expiration" date during which the food product is offered for sale by the retailer.
• the effective time should extend past such dates until the end of the normal freshness period when food spoilage becomes apparent.
• the desired lengths of time and normal shelf life will vary from foodstuff to foodstuff and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that shelf-life times will vary upon the type of foodstuff, the size of the foodstuff, storage temperatures, processing conditions, packaging material and packaging equipment.
• the composition of the present invention may be used as a food ingredient and/or feed ingredient.
• food ingredient or “feed ingredient” includes a formulation which is or can be added to functional foods or foodstuffs as a nutritional supplement.
• the food ingredient may be in the form of a solution or as a solid-depending on the use and/or the mode of application and/or the mode of administration.
• composition of the present invention may be— or may be added to ⁇ food supplements (also referred to herein as dietary supplements).
• the composition of the present invention may be— or may be added to— functional foods.
• functional food means food which is capable of providing not only a nutritional effect, but is also capable of delivering a further beneficial effect to consumer. Accordingly, functional foods are ordinary foods that have components or ingredients (such as those described herein) incorporated into them that impart to the food a specific functional-e.g. medical or physiological benefit— other than a purely nutritional effect. Although there is no legal definition of a functional food, most of the parties with an interest in this area agree that they are foods marketed as having specific health effects beyond basic nutritional effects. Some functional foods are nutraceuticals.
• the term "nutraceutical” means a food which is capable of providing not only a nutritional effect and/or a taste satisfaction, but is also capable of delivering a therapeutic (or other beneficial) effect to the consumer. Nutraceuticals cross the traditional dividing lines between foods and medicine.
• the invention provides a composition comprising Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 and an edible oil.
• the edible oil is selected from the group consisting of olive oil, corn oil, EVOO, LTOO, peanut oil, and vegetable oil.
• the ratio (w/w) of oil to probiotic in the composition ranges from 1 : 1 to 10: 1.
• the probiotics exhibit heat resistance in the oil composition.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a sugar such as sucrose or lactose in combination with Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• a sugar such as sucrose or lactose
• Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• the concentration of the sugar ranges from 0.1% to 50% of the solution.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a salt solution such as NaCl in combination with Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• a salt solution such as NaCl
• Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• the concentration of the salt ranges from 0.1% to 20% of the solution.
• the invention provides a composition comprising peanut butter in combination with Pediococcus acidilactici such as Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517.
• the ratio (w/w) of the peanut butter to the probiotic ranges from 1 : 1 to 10: 1.
• a composition comprising an effective amount of a probiotc in admixture with an effective amount of an amphipathic substance that enhances viability of the probiotic in the composition when the composition is subjected to heat.
• composition of paragraph 1 wherein the probiotic is mixed with the amphipathic substance as a freeze dried fermentive culture.
• composition of any of paragraphs 1-3 further comprising an oil that is mixed with the amphipathic substance and probiotic.
• Pediococcus acidilactici 9. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 -8, wherein the probiotic is Pediococcus acidilactici RRL B-50517.
• amphipathic substance comprises lecithin, peanut butter, almond butter, soy butter or cookie butter.
• composition of any of paragraphs 1-15 wherein the composition is subjected to dry heat at a first temperature, followed by subjecting the composition to dry heat at a second temperature.
• composition of any of paragraphs 16-17 wherein the composition is subjected to heat at the first temperature for about 30 minutes and is subjected to heat at the second temperature for about 10 minutes.
• composition of paragraph 21, wherein the liquid heat is at least about 82°C.
• composition of any of paragraphs 1 -29, wherein the amphipathic substance is sunflower lecithin.
• a container suitable for containing a food product comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-34.
• a container suitable for containing food wherein a portion or surface of the container is coated with an effective amount of Pediococcus acidilactici.
• a method of enhancing the viability of a probiotic in a composition that is subjected to heat comprising
• amphipathic substance comprises lecithin, peanut butter, almond butter, soy butter or cookie butter.
• composition further comprises a food, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical product.
• composition of paragraph 98, wherein the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is formulated as a tablet.
• composition of paragraph 98, wherein the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is formulated as a capsule.
• composition of any of paragraphs 98-100 comprising peach fruit powder as a fiavorant.
• composition of any of paragraphs 98-101, wherein the Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic is strain NRRL B-50517.
• EXAMPLE 1 P. acidilactici Administration Stimulates Innate Immune Responses in Animals
• This example describes the effect of administering P. acidilactici on innate immune responses in rats.
• the amounts of macrophages increased 150% to 180% comparing to those from rats without probiotics.
• the increase of macrophages indicates that Pediococcus-based probiotics can stimulate rat innate immune responses.
• rats were fed with low amounts (l .OxlO 9 ) of Pediococcus-based probiotics, the number of macrophages were similar to the amounts of macrophages as those from the control. This indicates that adequate amounts of Pediococcus-based probiotics are required to stimulate innate immune responses, such as increasing the amounts of macrophage cells.
• EXAMPLE 2 P. cicidilactici Administration Stimulates Cytokine Production in Human Subjects.
• This example describes the effect of administering . cicidilactici on cytokine production in human subjects.
• macrophages are broadly divisible into two groups: pro-inflammatory Ml macrophages and anti -inflammatory M2 macrophages.
• the M2 macrophages also refers to macrophages that function in constructive processes like wound healing and tissue repair, and those that turn off damaging immune system activation by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10).
• Table 2 Increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on Pediococcus probiotics treated human volunteer subjects.
• Serum samples were collected from five volunteers before administration of Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 probiotics, and after administration of 4 billion cfu of Pediococcus probiotics per day for 45 days. Serum samples were 10 analyzed using Luminex-based multiplex assays (EMD Millipore; Milliplex) designed to measure biomarkers associated with pro-inflammatory IL-6 and antiinflammatory IL-10.
• EMD Millipore Milliplex
• IL-6 interleukin-6
• IL-223 interleukin-23
• the specific weight loss and anti-inflammatory effect of P. acidilactici is described here for the first time.
• FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is the effect of P. acidilactici 5051 probiotic on body fat %. Participants were administered either 2 gelatin capsules containing a compound of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures with peach fruit powders once daily, amounting to a dose of 4 billion CFU Pediococcus probiotics/day, or 2 capsules containing only peach powder. % body fat was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) test. Values are based on double blind field evaluations of Pediococcus probiotics on total 30 volunteers for 3 months treatment.
• BIOS bioelectric impedance analysis
• FIG. 2 Shown in FIG. 2 is the effect of P. acidilactici 5051 probiotic on IL-23. Blood samples were collected from each participant either with placebo or with probiotics before the study began and after the treatment period concluded to determine changes in IL-6 and IL-23 presence. Marked decreases in both IL-6 and IL-23 were observed in the Pediococciis-probiotic treated group. Values are based on double blind field evaluations of Pediococcus probiotics on total 30 volunteers for 3 months treatment.
• adipocytes While previously thought to only act as storage vessels for excess calories in the form of triglycerides, adipocytes have been discovered to play a complex role in metabolism, immunity, and cancer (Calabro P, Yeh ETH. 2007. Obesity, Inflammation, and Vascular Disease: the role of the adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Subcellular Biochemistry. 42:63-91). White adipose cells secrete proteins including cytokines and hormone-like factors such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin; this phenomenon is of particular interest because of the involvement of these molecules in vascular and metabolic complications (Calabro P, Yeh ETH. 2007.
• Obesity, Inflammation, and Vascular Disease the role of the adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Subcellular Biochemistry. 42:63-91).
• WAT white adipose tissue
• Bastard JP Maachi M, Lagathu C, Kim MJ, Caron M, Vidal H, Capeau J, Feve B. 2006. Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur. Cyt. Net. 17(1): 4-12).
• Macrophage infiltration of obese WAT acts as a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, further contributing to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
• circulating levels of adiponectin an insulin-sensing effector highly expressed in WAT, are lower in obese than normal weight subjects.
• the WAT in these individuals overproduces and secretes increased levels of numerous inflammatory molecules including IL-6, another modulator of insulin sensitivity.
• IL-6 another modulator of insulin sensitivity
• results shown here mirror those observed in an analysis of post-surgical results in morbidly obese individuals.
• patients Following bariatric surgery, patients have shown clinically relevant decreases in IL-6, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, glucose, and insulin correlated to BMI, validating the existence of a relationship between weight and the inflammatory profile, and further elucidating that between BMI and biochemical parameters of chronic metabolic and vascular conditions (Illan-Gomez F, Gonzalvez-Ortega M, Orea-Soler I, Alcaraz-Tafalla MS, Aragon-Alonso A, Pascual-Diaz M, Perez-Paredes M, Lozano-Almela ML. 2012.
• Obesity and inflammation change in C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 after bariatric surgery. Obes. Surg. 22:950-55).
• IL-23/IL-17 is strongly associated with activation of signal pathways leading to tumor formation and the pathway for carcinogenesis. Because stimulation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis has been observed in obese women independent of increases in abdominal fat, insulin resistance, leptin, or MTF levels, it is reasonable to assume that dietary and behavioral patterns associated with the development of obesity, and not the obese state itself, may be responsible (Sumarac-Dumanovic M, Stevanovic D, Ljubic A, Jorga J, Simic M, Stamenkovic-Pejkovic D, Starcevic V, Trajkovic V, Micic D. 2009. Increased activity of interleukin-23/interleukin-17 proinflammatory axis in obese women. Int. J. Obes. 33 : 151-56).
• probiotic P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 showed lowering effects on body fat percent, IL-6, and IL-23, suggesting its beneficial influence on weight management and metabolic disease.
• Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 could prove to be effective in reduction of body fat and inflammation among those individuals seeking to lose weight.
• the dog was treated twice a day of 200 mg Pediococcus-based probiotics together with current treatment of low fat diet and twice a day 100 mg KAMOSTAAL100.
• the spec cPL was back to normal at 163 ug/L within about 6 weeks. Therefore the treatment of both Pediococcus-based probiotics and KAMOSTAAL100 was stopped.
• the dog had a relapse with the spec cPL increased to 276 ug/L.
• the dog was treated was Pediococcus-based probiotics 200 mg twice a day only. The treatment was continued for about 7 months with good control of diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, and the spec cPL was shown to be normal at 108 ug/L (FIG. 4).
• the spec cPL (Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase) and the spec fPL (Specific
• Feline Pancreatic Lipase are the normal spec cPL of canine and are the well- established assays for pancreatitis in dogs and cats.
• the spec cPL is ⁇ 200 ug/L
• the spec fPL is 0.7-3.5 ug/L.
• Dogs and cats are regarded to have pancreatitis, when spec cPL is greater than 400 ug/L and the cat spec fPL is > 5.4 ug/L.
• EXAMPLE 5 Effects of Pediococcus based probiotics on the dogs with cancers under chemotherapy treatment
• the strain needed for the fermentation process is selected from the bacteria being cryoed at -70°C freezer.
• the inoculum tank Prior to inoculation, the inoculum tank is CIP'd (Clean In Place) with caustic and acid solutions. We sanitize the tanks prior to filling them with the broth fermentation ingredients which are dumped, mixed, and sterilized.
• the tank media is sterilized at 220 °F - 250°F for thirty minutes to an hour and a half depending on the volume of the tank.
• the culture is pumped into a sterile kettle (which is a functional aliquot for the cryofreezing or pelletizing of the product) to be pelletized in a liquid nitrogen vat.
• a sterile kettle which is a functional aliquot for the cryofreezing or pelletizing of the product
• the frozen pellets are lyophilized or freeze dried. After drying, we mill the freeze dried pellets into a fine powder.
• Product is removed from the blender that was used to homogenize the material and then bag and store it at cool area, room temperatures.
• probiotics As knowledge of the health benefits of probiotics spreads and the demand for probiotic-infused food products continues to rise, food corporations are faced with a new set of challenges as they begin to collaborate with biotechnology companies. First, they must select one or more probiotic strains from the plethora of available options. Ideally, the chosen bacteria would need to: 1. Survive any manufacturing stress such as high heat treatment, 2. Possess compatibility with the chemical and physical properties of the desired food matrix, 3. Maintain viability in the food for the duration of the product' s shelf life once incorporated, and 4. Resist destruction by digestive mechanisms in order to confer its health benefits to the host.
• Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 is a uniquely formulated powder composed of the strain of bacteria capable of withstanding great variation in temperature, osmotic pressure, and oxygen exposure.
• a durable microorganism originally isolated from plant material, the probiotic has proven ability to survive in a wide range of food products under varying environmental conditions and heat treatment procedures.
• acidilactici NRRL B-50517 maintained significant cell viability in all assayed samples for up to one week, showcasing probiotic ability to adapt to a myriad of chemical environments (Table 5). Table 3. Survival of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 incubated in high concentrated sucrose solution stored at room temperature
• P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 maintained viability in sucrose solutions ranging in concentration from 10-50%, indicating resistance of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 to high osmotic pressure environment
• Samples of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 and peanut butter were prepared by mixing 6 g of 1 OOB/g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 powder with 20 g peanut butter, then stored at either room temperature (23 °C) or 37°C. Stability tests were conducted by adding 0.1 g of the mixture to 5 mL 0.1% saline, serially diluting the solution for 15 plating onto MRS, and enumerating plates after overnight incubation at 45°C.
• Percent survival was calculated as a fraction of a P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 + saline control (0.2 g ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 added to 10 mL 0.1% saline at room temperature).
• P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 shows high cell counts (CFU/g) in 20 peanut butter at room temperature over a period of 113 days, indicating that a product containing both ingredients would maintain high shelf stability. Even when stored at 37°C, the peanut butter and P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 mixture displays similarly high viability over 22 days, dropping off between the 22 and 113 day viability tests. Table 7. Survival of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 in peanut butter after high temperature (85°C) treatment
• Samples of P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 and peanut butter were prepared by 10 mixing 1.2 g of ⁇ ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 powder into 3.8 g peanut butter. Empty tubes were heated to 85°C before 0.5 g peanut butter and P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 mixture was added and left on the hot plate for 5 min.
• P. acidilactici 20 NRRL B-50517 maintained high viability in nut butters, supporting compatibility of the P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 with commercially produced nut products.
• PB 1 ingredients roasted peanuts, sugar, hydrogenated vegetable oil (cottonseed, soybean, and rapeseed oil) to prevent separation, salt.
• Hazelnut Spread ingredients sugar, vegetable oil (palm and rapeseed oil), hazelnuts, 25 cocoa powder, skim milk, whey, lactose, sunflower lecithin (emulsifier), natural vanilla flavor.
• P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 maintains high viable cell counts (CFU/g) in a variety of commercial oils at room temperature and after high temperature treatment.
• P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 can survive after 85°C heat treated different food products dispenses into the different containers with P. acidilactici NRRL B- 50517 simulated sterilization procedures used in the food industry (Table 11 and Table 12), and retain viability in products with diverse physiochemical properties for weeks or months. This provides a novel approach to introduce viable probiotics into foods.
• Tubes of 5 mL EVOO and Great Value oil were heated at 85C for 20 min, then added to 0.2 g ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 and tested for viability.
• a tube containing 5 mL 2.5% lactose was heated at 85°C for 20 min, then added to a 15 mL tube containing 0.2 g ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517. The tube was allowed to cool for 20 minutes before testing for viability. 5.
• 283 g strawberry in syrup mixture was poured into a beaker, heated at 85°C for 30 min, then poured back into original container on top of 2 g ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517. After cooling for 20 min, the mixture was tested for viability.
• **A11 viability testing was conducted by serially diluting P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 + heat-treated food mixture in 0.1% saline, plating onto MRS, and enumerating plates after overnight incubation. Percent survival was calculated as a fraction of a saline + P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 control (0.2 g ⁇ /g P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 added to 20 mL 0.1% saline at room temperature).
• P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 maintains viability in a variety of liquid and solid matrices after high heat treatment, indicating high compatibility for incorporation to many different foods after pasteurization or other similar high- heat sterilization procedures.
• EXAMPLE 8 Increase of probiotic viability under heat treatment by applying amphipathic products as the carrier
• Amphipathic molecules are molecules having both polar and non-polar portions in their structure.
• the chemical compounds that feature these molecules are essential to a host of biological and industrial processes.
• amphipathic products such as lecithin, peanut butters, almond butters, soy butters and cookie butter as the alternative carriers of Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures.
• the excess amounts of amphipathic products can protect P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures from the harsh dry heat or wet heat treatment.
• the unique property of amphipathic products can form the lipid paste and function as carriers of the P. acidilactici fermentative cultures to withstand dry heat treatment or hot water treatment which is similar as pasteurization process for food treatment.
• the desirable approaches are including probiotics into the food/feed ingredients together, and then performing the pasteurization process, which can include hot water treatment.
• the pasteurization process can include hot water treatment.
• Lethicin is defined as phosphatidylcholine and stands for natural mixture of neutral and polar lipids from vegetable and animal sources. It has low solubility in water, but is an excellent emulsifier. In aqueous solution, its phospholipids can form either liposomes, bilayer sheets, micelles, or lamellar structures, depending on hydration and temperature. This results in a type of surfactant that usually is classified as amphipathic.
• amphipathic products such as lecithin, peanut butters, almond butters, soy butters and cookie butter as the alternative carriers of Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures.
• the excess amounts of amphipathic products are able to protect P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 fermentative cultures from the harsh dry heat or wet heat treatment.
• the unique property of amphipathic products is able to form the lipid paste and carry the P. acidilactici fermentative cultures to make them more resistant to heat, such as hot water treatment.
• Applied lecithin as the carriers of P. acidilactici freeze dried fermentative cultures improved the survival of bacteria under different heat treatment from 5 to 10-fold compared with those heat treated P. acidilactici freeze dried fermentative cultures only.
• 0.5g paste (3.5g lecithin mixed with 0.7 g P. acidilactici NRRL b-5051710B/g and 4.5 mL olive oil mixture) were transferred into 1 mL liquid juice, heat treated in water bath at 80°C for designated time. Temperature probe in tube used to determine when internal temperature reaches 80C. When the temperature of juice reach 80°C, 1) immediately; 2) incubated at 80°C for 5 minutes, 30 incubated at 80°C for 10 minutes, then removed the tube from water bath, mixed homogenously by vortex for 30 seconds, and performed series of dilution with saline, and plated 100 ul of desirable dilution onto MRS plates overnight at 37°C and counted the individual colonies. Temperature was verified with a digital probe.
• 0.5 g (1 billion cfu/g) mixtures of peanut butter and P. acidilactici NRRL B-50517 was place in an Eppendorf tube, and were places at 95 °C and timed for lmin, 2.5 mins, 5 min, and 10 min. or placed at 85°C and timed for 1 min, 2.5 mins, 5 min, 10 min and 20 min. Temperature was verified with a digital probe. Added 500 ul of saline, vortex, dilute and plate 100 ul desirable dilution onto MRS plate overnight at 37°C for viability count. The survival rate was obtained by dividing the numbers of viable cells at the heat treatment by the numbers of viable cells at room temperature (without heat treatment).
• Table 21 Effects of different amphipathic products on the probiotics survival after dry heat treatment.

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