WO2017092611A1 - 抗渗透涂料和复合防水板 - Google Patents

抗渗透涂料和复合防水板 Download PDF

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WO2017092611A1
WO2017092611A1 PCT/CN2016/107239 CN2016107239W WO2017092611A1 WO 2017092611 A1 WO2017092611 A1 WO 2017092611A1 CN 2016107239 W CN2016107239 W CN 2016107239W WO 2017092611 A1 WO2017092611 A1 WO 2017092611A1
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agent
penetration coating
emulsion
penetration
waterproof
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PCT/CN2016/107239
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English (en)
French (fr)
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熊玉钦
徐恩顺
刘宝印
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北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017092611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092611A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D131/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D131/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C09D131/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of building waterproofing, and particularly relates to an anti-penetration coating and a composite waterproof board.
  • Concrete structures are commonly used in construction of buildings, transportation, subways, tunnels, etc. In these areas, the water seepage requirements for concrete structures are very high.
  • the water-repellent coating In order to achieve the water seepage resistance of the concrete structure, it is generally required to apply a water-repellent coating on the surface of the concrete structure, and the water-repellent coating can form an anti-permeation coating on the surface of the concrete structure after curing.
  • CN103351769 discloses an acrylate one-component waterproof coating which has good permeability resistance, cohesiveness and flexibility, overall elasticity and elongation, and can realize coating of waterproof coating in concrete. 2-3mm wide crack without water seepage effect.
  • the above waterproof coating cannot be used for the concrete floor structure.
  • the waterproof board generally cannot be attached to the structural concrete poured on the waterproof board. Once the waterproof board is damaged, the water will turbulent between the waterproof board and the concrete. When the concrete is cracked, the entire waterproof system fails.
  • an anti-penetration coating comprising a host emulsion and an inorganic filler, wherein the host emulsion is a polymer emulsion, and the polymer emulsion is high Molecular side chain with ability to interact with calcium ions A functional group in which a complexation reaction occurs, and the anti-penetration coating is alkaline.
  • the anti-penetration coating has a pH in the range of 9-13.
  • the functional group is any one of an anion CN - , SCN - , F - , COOH - , OH - ; or the functional group includes a ligand molecule NH 3 or H 2 O.
  • the host emulsion comprises an acrylic emulsion.
  • the host emulsion is selected from any one or a mixture of any of a pure acrylic emulsion, a silicone-acrylic emulsion, a styrene-acrylic emulsion, a vinegar-acrylic emulsion, a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion, and a carbonate emulsion.
  • the inorganic filler is selected from any one or a mixture of any one of a calcium carbonate filler, a perlite filler, a titanium dioxide filler, a kaolin filler, and a wollastonite filler.
  • the inorganic filler has a particle diameter of between 10 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-penetration coating further includes any one or any of water, a dispersing agent, a wetting agent, an antifoaming agent, a thickening agent, and an auxiliary agent.
  • the total weight ratio of the respective components of the anti-penetration coating is 100%, and the respective components of the anti-penetration coating have the following weight percentages:
  • the dispersing agent is a mixture of any one or any of dispersing agent DP270, dispersing agent DA40, and dispersing agent 5040.
  • the antifoaming agent is a mixture of any one or any of the antifoaming agent 7010, the antifoaming agent NXZ, the antifoaming agent F-111, and the antifoaming agent A10.
  • the auxiliary agent is a mixture of any one or a combination of a preservative, an anti-settling agent, an antifreeze agent, and a film forming aid.
  • the wetting agent is a mixture of any one or any of wetting agent NP10, wetting agent X405, wetting agent CF10, wetting agent DM-410.
  • a composite waterproof board comprising a waterproof substrate and a permeation resistant coating disposed on at least one surface of the waterproof substrate, the waterproof substrate being made of a polymer material,
  • the permeation resistant coating is cured by the above-described anti-penetration coating provided by the present invention.
  • the waterproof substrate is made of any one of an EVA waterproof material, a TPO waterproof material, and an HDPE waterproof material.
  • Spraying or brushing the anti-penetration coating of the present invention on a waterproof substrate which has good wettability, forms a uniform protective coating after film formation, and after surface drying, the surface of the anti-penetration coating layer is not sticky;
  • the protective coating can be anti-adhesive after being dried into a film and solidified post-cast concrete, and is suitable for anti-stick waterproof construction. That is, the anti-penetration coating layer can be firmly combined with the waterproof substrate, and can be firmly adhered to the concrete, thereby ensuring no displacement between the waterproof substrate and the concrete, enhancing the penetration resistance of the concrete structure and improving the waterproof effect. .
  • the anti-penetration coating layer as a protective coating in the composite waterproof board of the invention has moisture-proof and waterproof effect; even if the concrete and the waterproof substrate are displaced, the protective coating can be adhered to the concrete, thereby reinforcing the permeability resistance of the concrete; When a crack of 1 to 2 mm occurs, it also has a crack bridging ability.
  • the composite waterproof board provided by the invention is suitable for waterproofing the concrete floor structure.
  • an anti-penetration coating comprising a host emulsion and an inorganic filler, wherein the host emulsion is a polymer emulsion, and the polymer emulsion has a polymer side chain A functional group capable of undergoing a complexation reaction with calcium ions, and the anti-penetration coating is alkaline.
  • the anti-penetration coating has a pH in the range of 9-13.
  • the anti-penetration coating is first coated on a waterproof substrate to form an anti-penetration coating layer, and then the concrete is poured on the anti-penetration coating layer.
  • the waterproof substrate used in combination with the anti-penetration coating is a plate made of a polymer material, and therefore, the anti-penetration coating layer has a waterproof substrate.
  • the better wetting ability can be uniformly spread on the waterproof substrate, and the anti-penetration coating is firmly bonded to the waterproof substrate by curing.
  • the polymer emulsion has an anion or a ligand molecule capable of complexing with calcium ions, the host emulsion is complexed with calcium ions in the concrete when the concrete is poured on the anti-penetration coating layer. The reaction ensures that the anti-penetration coating layer is firmly adhered to the concrete.
  • the anti-penetration coating layer can be firmly combined with the waterproof substrate, and can be firmly adhered to the concrete, thereby ensuring no displacement between the waterproof substrate and the concrete, enhancing the penetration resistance of the concrete structure and improving the waterproof effect.
  • the host emulsion is a polymer emulsion, so the anti-penetration coating layer formed by the anti-penetration coating has a certain elasticity after curing, and the anti-penetration coating layer is generated when the concrete structure cast on the anti-penetration coating layer generates small cracks. It has the ability to bridge cracks and further improve waterproof performance.
  • the anti-penetration coating also includes an inorganic filler, which can increase the surface roughness of the anti-penetration coating layer, on the one hand, the contact surface area of the inorganic filler particles and the concrete structure cast on the surface of the anti-penetration coating layer, on the other hand
  • the inorganic filler is in a granular state and can form a mechanical inlay with the concrete structure to increase the bonding strength between the concrete structure and the anti-penetration coating layer.
  • the anti-penetration coating is alkaline, and the concrete is also alkaline, and therefore, the anti-penetration coating does not reduce the strength of the concrete structure.
  • the anti-penetration coatings provided by the present invention are suitable for use in conjunction with a water resistant substrate, the anti-penetration coatings provided herein are also suitable for waterproofing concrete floor structures.
  • the functional group is not particularly limited as long as it can undergo a complexation reaction with calcium ions in concrete.
  • the functional group is any one of anions CN - , SCN - , F - , COOH - , OH - , and the anion is a ligand capable of reacting with a metal ion (ie, a calcium ion as described above) A very stable complex is formed.
  • the functional group may include a ligand molecule NH 3 or H 2 O.
  • the above ligand molecules can also form stable complexes with calcium ions.
  • the specific components of the host emulsion are not particularly limited.
  • the host emulsion includes an acrylic emulsion.
  • Acrylic emulsions include COOH - which can complex with calcium ions to form stable complexes.
  • the host emulsion when the host emulsion is an acrylic emulsion, the host emulsion may be selected from pure acrylic Any one or a mixture of any one of an emulsion, a silicone-acrylic emulsion, a styrene-acrylic emulsion, a vinegar-acrylic emulsion, a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion, and a carbonate emulsion.
  • the acrylic emulsion may be selected from acrylic emulsions having the following trade designations: Wacker 547, Wacker 558, Dow 2468, Dow 2471, Dow 2475, Acronal CN11, Acronal PA237, Acronal SC138 Dow TX-011, Dow TX-100, Dow Ultra-E, Dow AC-8356, BASF 400s, Dow AC-818, Dow 2848, BASF TB2012, Dow R16w, Dow Primal EC 1791, UCAR 8152.
  • acrylic emulsions having the following trade designations: Wacker 547, Wacker 558, Dow 2468, Dow 2471, Dow 2475, Acronal CN11, Acronal PA237, Acronal SC138 Dow TX-011, Dow TX-100, Dow Ultra-E, Dow AC-8356, BASF 400s, Dow AC-818, Dow 2848, BASF TB2012, Dow R16w, Dow Primal EC 1791, UCAR 8152.
  • the waterproof substrate is made of any one of an EVA waterproof material, a TPO waterproof material, and an HDPE waterproof material. Therefore, the selection of the acrylic emulsion by the host emulsion can improve the wettability of the host emulsion and the waterproof substrate.
  • the waterproof substrate is preferably made of an EVA waterproof material, so that the anti-penetration coating on the waterproof substrate can be maximized.
  • the wettability makes the anti-penetration coating uniformly and continuously formed on the waterproof sheet.
  • the carbonate emulsion is an abbreviation, specifically, the carbonate emulsion is a carbonate acrylic emulsion.
  • the inorganic filler may be selected from any one or a mixture of any one of a calcium carbonate filler, a perlite filler, a titanium dioxide filler, a kaolin filler, and a wollastonite filler.
  • the inorganic filler has a particle diameter of between 10 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-penetration coating may include a wetting agent.
  • the wetting agent is preferably a mixture of any one or any of wetting agent NP10, wetting agent X405, wetting agent CF10, wetting agent DM-410.
  • the anti-penetration coating further includes any one or any of water, a dispersing agent, an antifoaming agent, a thickening agent, and an auxiliary agent.
  • the total weight ratio of the individual components of the anti-penetration coating is 100%.
  • the individual components of the anti-penetration coating have the following weight percentages:
  • the antifoaming agent is a mixture of any one or any of the antifoaming agent 7010, the antifoaming agent NXZ, the antifoaming agent F-111, and the antifoaming agent A10.
  • the auxiliary agent is a mixture of one or a combination of a preservative, an anti-settling agent, an antifreeze agent, a film forming aid.
  • the water used in the anti-penetration coating of the present invention is any one of deionized water, purified water and distilled water.
  • the water used in the anti-penetration coating may be low. Hard water tap water.
  • a composite waterproof board comprising a waterproof substrate and a permeation resistant coating disposed on at least one surface of the waterproof substrate, the waterproof substrate being made of a polymer material
  • the anti-penetration coating is cured by the above-mentioned anti-penetration coating provided by the present invention.
  • the waterproof substrate is made of any one of an EVA waterproof material, a TPO waterproof material, and an HDPE waterproof material.
  • the composite waterproof board provided by the invention is especially suitable for waterproofing the concrete floor structure.
  • the main body emulsion is vinegar-acrylic emulsion BLJ-358
  • the filler is calcium carbonate filler
  • the dispersing agent is dispersing agent DP270
  • the defoaming agent is defoaming agent F-111
  • the auxiliary agent is anti-sinking Agent.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an anti-penetration coating, and the following steps are performed according to the formulation of the coating described above:
  • the host emulsion is a benzene-acryl emulsion bc-991
  • the filler is a perlite filler
  • the dispersant is a dispersant 5040
  • the wetting agent is a wetting agent NP10
  • the defoaming agent is Defoamer A10
  • the auxiliary agent is an antifreeze.
  • An anti-osmotic coating was prepared in accordance with the method disclosed in Example 1.
  • the host emulsion is a silicon-acrylic emulsion SD-528
  • the filler is kaolin and wollastonite (weight ratio is 1:1)
  • the dispersing agent is a dispersing agent DA40
  • the wetting agent is a wetting agent CF10.
  • the antifoaming agent is an antifoaming agent 7010
  • the auxiliary agent is a preservative.
  • the anti-penetration coating was prepared in accordance with the method disclosed in Example 1.
  • the host emulsion is propylene carbonate emulsion CAS No. 108-32-7
  • the filler is a calcium carbonate filler
  • the dispersing agent is a dispersing agent DP270
  • the wetting agent is a wetting agent NP10
  • the defoaming agent is an antifoaming agent NXZ and an antifoaming agent F-111 (weight ratio of 3:2)
  • the auxiliaries are antifreeze and film forming auxiliaries (weight ratio 1:3).
  • the anti-penetration coating was prepared in accordance with the method disclosed in Example 1.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an anti-penetration coating, and the following steps are performed according to the formulation of the coating described above:
  • the anti-penetration coatings of Examples 1 to 5 were respectively set in the following manner. On the waterproof substrate, a composite waterproof board is formed, and concrete is poured on the composite waterproof board:
  • the waterproof substrate of Experimental Example 1 was a TPO waterproof substrate.
  • the waterproof substrate of Experimental Example 2 was an HDPE waterproof substrate.
  • the waterproof substrate of Experimental Example 3 was an EVA waterproof substrate.
  • peel strength with TPO waterproof substrate is referred to as performance A
  • peerel strength with HDPE waterproof substrate is referred to as performance B
  • peerel strength with EVA waterproof substrate is referred to as performance C
  • performance D peerel strength with concrete
  • performance E impregnancy with anti-adhesive coating mortar block
  • performance F peerel strength after concrete with ten dry and wet cycles
  • concrete impermeability is recorded as performance G.
  • the test result is that the untreated mortar test piece is permeable under water pressure of 0.2 MPa.
  • the anti-penetration coating provided by the present invention is coated on the waterproof substrate to form a composite waterproof board, and the anti-penetration coating layer can not only be anti-adhered in the composite in the composite.
  • the concrete structure on the waterproof board has a large bonding strength between the anti-penetration coating layer and the waterproof substrate, and is not easily peeled off from the waterproof substrate.
  • the performance of the protective coating formed by spraying or brushing the anti-penetration coating on the waterproof substrate in the present embodiment is between the conventional waterproof board and the self-adhesive anti-adhesive waterproofing membrane, although it does not have the effect of completely preventing the water, but It enhances the permeability resistance and crack bridging of post-cast concrete, thus better protecting structural concrete and delaying water seepage. It has high cost performance and is competitive in tunnel waterproofing applications compared with single-layer waterproof board.

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Abstract

摘要：一种抗渗透涂料，包括主体乳液和无机填料，其中，主体乳液为高分子乳液，其高分子侧链上具有能够与钙离子发生络合反应的官能团，且该抗渗透涂料呈碱性。将该抗渗透涂料涂布于防水基板上得到复合防水板。使用时，若混凝土与防水基板发生位移，由于抗渗透涂料层作为保护涂层可附着于混凝土上，因此可增强混凝土的抗渗透性；若混凝土出现1～2mm裂纹，其还具有裂缝弥合能力。

Description

抗渗透涂料和复合防水板 技术领域
本发明属于建筑防水领域，具体涉及一种抗渗透涂料以及一种复合防水板。
背景技术
在建筑、交通、地铁、隧道等工程建设中常用到混凝土结构，在这些领域中，对混凝土结构的防渗水要求非常高。
为了实现混凝土结构的防渗水性能，通常需要在混凝土结构的表面涂覆防渗水涂料，该防渗水涂料固化后可以在混凝土结构的表面形成防渗透涂层。
CN103351769公开了一种丙烯酸酯单组份防水涂料，该丙烯酸酯单组份防水涂料具有良好的抗渗透性、粘结力及柔性，整体的弹性和延伸率，能实现涂覆防水涂料在混凝土出现2-3mm宽开裂而不渗水的效果。
然而上述防水涂料不能用于混凝土底板结构。在混凝土底板进行防水时，通常需要用到防水板。但是防水板一般无法与在防水板上后浇的结构混凝土附着，一旦防水板发生破坏，水将在防水板和混凝土之间窜流，当混凝土产生裂纹，整个防水体系失败。
因此，如何对混凝土底板结构进行防水成为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗渗透涂料和一种包括该抗渗透涂料的复合防水板，所述复合防水板适用于对混凝土底板结构进行防水。
为了实现上述目的，作为本发明的一个方面，提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料包括主体乳液和无机填料，其中，所述主体乳液为高分子乳液，所述高分子乳液中的高分子侧链上具有能够与钙离子 发生络合反应的官能团，且所述抗渗透涂料呈碱性。
优选的，所述抗渗透涂料的pH值范围为9-13。
优选地，所述官能团为阴离子CN-、SCN-、F-、COOH-、OH-中的任意一种；或者，所述官能团包括配位体分子NH3或H2O。
优选地，所述主体乳液包括丙烯酸类乳液。
优选地，所述主体乳液选自纯丙乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液和碳酸酯乳液中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
优选地，所述无机填料选自碳酸钙填料、珍珠岩填料、钛白粉填料、高岭土填料、硅灰石填料中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
优选地，所述无机填料的粒径在10μm至150μm之间。
优选地，所述抗渗透涂料还包括水、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增稠剂和助剂的任意一者或任意几者。
优选地，所述抗渗透涂料的各个组分的总重量比为100％，并且，所述抗渗透涂料的各个组分具有如下重量百分比：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000001
优选地，所述分散剂为分散剂DP270、分散剂DA40、分散剂5040中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
优选地，所述消泡剂为消泡剂7010、消泡剂NXZ、消泡剂F-111、消泡剂A10中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
优选地，所述助剂为防腐剂、防沉剂、防冻剂、成膜助剂中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
优选地，所述润湿剂为润湿剂NP10、润湿剂X405、润湿剂CF10、润湿剂DM-410中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
作为本发明的另一个方面，提供一种复合防水板，其包括防水基板和设置在所述防水基板的至少一个表面上的抗渗透涂层，所述防水基板由高分子材料制成，所述抗渗透涂层由本发明所提供的上述抗渗透涂料固化而成。
优选地，所述防水基板由EVA防水材料、TPO防水材料、HDPE防水材料中的任意一种制成。
将本发明的抗渗透涂料喷涂或刷涂于防水基板上，其具有很好的润湿性，成膜后形成均匀的保护涂层，实干之后，抗渗透涂料层的表面手触不粘；且该保护涂层干燥成膜后与固化的后浇混凝土可反粘，适用于反粘防水施工。即抗渗透涂料层既能够与防水基板牢固地结合，又能够牢固地反粘在混凝土上，从而确保防水基板与混凝土之间不发生移位，增强了混凝土结构的抗渗透性，提高了防水效果。本发明复合防水板中作为保护涂层的抗渗透涂料层有防潮防水作用；即使混凝土与防水基板发生位移，由于保护涂层可附着于混凝土上，因此可增强混凝土的抗渗透性；此外在混凝土出现1～2mm裂纹时，其还具有裂缝弥合能力。本发明所提供的复合防水板适用于对混凝土底板结构进行防水。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
作为本发明的一个方面，提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料包括主体乳液和无机填料，其中，所述主体乳液为高分子乳液，所述高分子乳液中的高分子侧链上具有能够与钙离子发生络合反应的官能团，且所述抗渗透涂料呈碱性。
优选的，所述抗渗透涂料的pH值范围为9-13。
在使用本发明所提供的抗渗透涂料时，首先将所述抗渗透涂料涂覆在防水基板上形成抗渗透涂料层，然后再将混凝土浇筑在抗渗透涂料层上。
由于所述主体乳液为高分子乳液，与抗渗透涂料配合使用的防水基板为高分子材料制成的板，因此，抗渗透涂料层在防水基板上具有 较好的润湿能力，能够均匀地铺展在防水基板上，抗渗透涂料通过固化牢固地粘结在防水基板上。同时，由于所述高分子乳液中具有能够与钙离子发生络合反应的阴离子或配位体分子，因此，当混凝土浇筑在抗渗透涂料层上时，主体乳液与混凝土中的钙离子发生络合反应，从而可以确保抗渗透涂料层牢固地反粘在混凝土上。即抗渗透涂料层既能够与防水基板牢固地结合，又能够牢固地反粘在混凝土上，从而确保防水基板与混凝土之间不发生移位，增强了混凝土结构的抗渗透性，提高了防水效果。此外，主体乳液为高分子乳液，因此抗渗透涂料形成的抗渗透涂料层固化后具有一定的弹性，当浇筑在抗渗透涂料层上的混凝土结构产生较小的裂缝时，所述抗渗透涂料层具有弥合裂缝的能力，进一步提高防水性能。
除此之外，抗渗透涂料中还包括无机填料，无机填料可以增加抗渗透涂料层的表面粗糙度，一方面无机填料颗粒与浇筑在抗渗透涂料层表面的混凝土结构的接触表面积，另一方面，无机填料为颗粒态，可以与混凝土结构形成机械镶嵌，增加混凝土结构与抗渗透涂料层之间的结合强度。
并且，所述抗渗透涂料为碱性，混凝土也是碱性的，因此，抗渗透涂料不会降低混凝土结构的强度。
可以理解的是，既然本发明所提供的抗渗透涂料适于与防水基板相结合使用，那么，本发明所提供的抗渗透涂料也适用于对混凝土底板结构进行防水。
在本发明中，对所述官能团没有特殊的限定，只要能够与混凝土中的钙离子发生络合反应即可。优选地，所述官能团为阴离子CN-、SCN-、F-、COOH-、OH-中的任意一种，上述阴离子为配位体，能够与金属离子(即，上文中所述的钙离子)形成很稳定的络合物。
或者，所述官能团可以包括配位体分子NH3或H2O。上述配位体分子也可以与钙离子形成稳定的络合物。
在本发明中，对主体乳液的具体成分并不做特殊的限定，作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，所述主体乳液包括丙烯酸类乳液。丙烯酸类乳液中包括COOH-，可以与钙离子络合形成稳定的络合物。
当所述主体乳液为丙烯酸类乳液时，所述主体乳液可以选自纯丙 乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液和碳酸酯乳液中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
当所述主体乳液为丙烯酸类乳液时，所述丙烯酸类乳液可以选自具有以下商品牌号的丙烯酸类乳液：Wacker 547、Wacker 558、Dow2468、Dow 2471、Dow 2475,Acronal CN11、Acronal PA237、Acronal SC138、Dow TX-011、Dow TX-100、Dow Ultra-E、Dow AC-8356、BASF 400s、Dow AC-818、Dow 2848、BASF TB2012、Dow R16w、Dow Primal EC 1791、UCAR 8152。
通常，防水基板由EVA防水材料、TPO防水材料、HDPE防水材料中的任意一种制成。因此，主体乳液选择丙烯酸类乳液可以提高主体乳液与防水基板的润湿性。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，当所述主体乳液为醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液时，防水基板优选由EVA防水材料制成，从而可以最大限度地提高所述抗渗透涂料在防水基板上的润湿性，使得抗渗透涂料在防水板上均匀连续地成膜。
碳酸酯乳液是一种简称，具体地，碳酸酯乳液为碳酸酯丙烯酸乳液。
在本发明中，对无机填料的种类也没有特殊的限制。作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述无机填料可以选自碳酸钙填料、珍珠岩填料、钛白粉填料、高岭土填料、硅灰石填料中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
为了确保抗渗透涂料在固化后具有相对较大的粗糙度并且确保所述抗渗透涂料的流动性，优选地，所述无机填料的粒径在10μm至150μm之间。
为了提高所述抗渗透涂料在防水基板上的润湿性，优选地，所述抗渗透涂料可以包括润湿剂。在本发明中，所述润湿剂优选为润湿剂NP10、润湿剂X405、润湿剂CF10、润湿剂DM-410中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
为了增加所述抗渗透涂料的稳定性，优选地，所述抗渗透涂料还包括水、分散剂、消泡剂、增稠剂和助剂的任意一者或任意几者。
优选地，所述抗渗透涂料的各个组分的总重量比为100％。
优选地，所述抗渗透涂料的各个组分具有如下重量百分比：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000002
优选地，所述消泡剂为消泡剂7010、消泡剂NXZ、消泡剂F-111、消泡剂A10中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
优选地，所述助剂为防腐剂、防沉剂、防冻剂、成膜助剂中的一者或任意几者的混合。
优选地，本发明中所述抗渗透涂料中所使用的水为去离子水、纯净水和蒸馏水中的任意一种，当然，为了节约成本，所述抗渗透涂料中所使用的水可以为低硬度的自来水。
作为本发明的另一个方面，提供一种复合防水板，该复合防水板包括防水基板和设置在所述防水基板的至少一个表面上的抗渗透涂层，所述防水基板由高分子材料制成，所述抗渗透涂层由本发明所提供的上述抗渗透涂料固化而成。
优选地，所述防水基板由EVA防水材料、TPO防水材料、HDPE防水材料中的任意一种制成。
本发明所提供的复合防水板尤其适用于对混凝土底板结构进行防水。
实施例
实施例1
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料包括如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000004
所述主体乳液为醋-丙乳液BLJ-358，所述填料为碳酸钙填料，所述分散剂为分散剂DP270，所述消泡剂为消泡剂F-111，所述助剂为防沉剂。
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料的制备方法，按照上述的涂料的配方进行下述步骤：
(1)精确称取自来水，加入分散缸中，并搅拌，搅拌转速为100转/分钟；
(2)精确称取分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、助剂，加入分散缸中，搅拌转速为100转/分钟，低速搅拌3分钟，搅拌均匀；
(3)提高搅拌速度至200转/分钟，缓慢均匀加入已精确称取的填料，10分钟加入完毕，搅拌均匀；
(4)精确称取主体乳液，然后缓慢均匀加入分散缸，5分钟加料完毕，搅拌转速为200转/分，低速分散5分钟，搅拌均匀，静置5分钟，得到抗渗透涂料。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料按照重量计含有如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000005
所述主体乳液为苯-丙乳液bc-991，所述填料为珍珠岩填料，所述分散剂为分散剂5040，所述润湿剂为润湿剂NP10，所述消泡剂为 消泡剂A10，所述助剂为防冻剂。
按照实施例1中所公开的方法制备抗渗透涂料。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料按照重量计含有如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000006
所述主体乳液为硅-丙乳液SD-528，所述填料为高岭土和硅灰石(重量比为1:1)，所述分散剂为分散剂DA40，所述润湿剂为润湿剂CF10，所述消泡剂为消泡剂7010，所述助剂为防腐剂。
按照实施例1中所公开的方法制备所述抗渗透涂料。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料按照重量计含有如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000007
所述主体乳液为碳酸丙烯酯乳液CAS No.108-32-7，所述填料为 碳酸钙填料，所述分散剂为分散剂DP270，所述润湿剂为润湿剂NP10，所述消泡剂为消泡剂NXZ和消泡剂F-111(重量比为3:2)，所述助剂为防冻剂和成膜助剂(重量比为1:3)。
按照实施例1中所公开的方法制备所述抗渗透涂料。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料，所述抗渗透涂料按照重量计含有如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000008
本实施例提供一种抗渗透涂料的制备方法，按照上述的涂料的配方进行下述步骤：
(1)精确称取自来水，加入分散缸中，并搅拌，搅拌转速为100转/分钟；
(2)精确称取分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、助剂，加入分散缸中，搅拌转速为100转/分钟，低速搅拌3分钟，搅拌均匀；
(3)提高搅拌速度至200转/分钟，缓慢均匀加入已精确称取的颜填料，10～15分钟加入完毕，搅拌均匀；
(4)精确称取乳液然后缓慢均匀加入分散缸，5～8分钟加料完毕，搅拌转速为200转/分，低速分散5分钟，搅拌均匀，静置5分钟，得到抗渗透涂料。
实验例
按照如下方法分别将实施例1至实施例5中的抗渗透涂料设置在 防水基板上，形成复合防水板，并在复合防水板上浇筑混凝土：
(1)将抗渗透涂料喷涂在防水基板上，形成连续的抗渗透涂料层；
(2)待抗渗透涂层干燥后以获得复合防水板；
(2)在复合防水板上浇筑混凝土。
实验例1的防水基板为TPO防水基板。
实验例2的防水基板为HDPE防水基板。
实验例3的防水基板为EVA防水基板。
对上述实施例浇筑有混凝土的复合防水板养护一周后进行性能测试，得到表1中所示的实验结果：
为了便于观察，将“与TPO防水基板的剥离强度”记为性能A，将“与HDPE防水基板的剥离强度”记为性能B，将“与EVA防水基板的剥离强度”记为性能C，将“与混凝土的剥离强度”记为性能D，将“带反粘涂层砂浆试块的抗渗性”记为性能E，将“十次干湿循环后，与混凝土的剥离强度”记为性能F，将“十次干湿循环后，混凝土抗渗性”记为性能G。
表1
Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-000009
为了便于对比，无处理砂浆试块的进行抗渗性测试，最终获得的 测试结果为，无处理砂浆试块在0.2MPa水压下透水。
通过表1以及无处理砂浆试块的进行抗渗性测试对比可知，本发明所提供的抗渗透涂料涂覆在防水基板上形成复合防水板之后，抗渗透涂料层不仅能够反粘在浇筑在复合防水板上的混凝土结构上，而且抗渗透涂料层与防水基板之间的具有较大的结合强度，不容易与防水基板剥离。
本实施例中的抗渗透涂料喷涂或刷涂于防水基板形成的保护涂层的性能介于传统防水板和自粘反粘防水卷材之间，虽然不具备完全防窜水的功效，但是可以增强后浇混凝土的抗渗透性和裂缝弥合性，从而更好地保护结构混凝土，延缓渗水，具有较高的性价比，与单层防水板相比，在隧道防水应用上具有很大的竞争力。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述抗渗透涂料包括主体乳液和无机填料，其中，所述主体乳液为高分子乳液，所述高分子乳液中的高分子侧链上具有能够与钙离子发生络合反应的官能团，且所述抗渗透涂料呈碱性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述官能团为阴离子CN-、SCN-、F-、COOH-、OH-中的任意一种；或者，所述官能团包括配位体分子NH3或H2O。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述主体乳液包括丙烯酸类乳液。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述主体乳液选自纯丙乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液和碳酸酯乳液中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述无机填料选自碳酸钙填料、珍珠岩填料、钛白粉填料、高岭土填料、硅灰石填料中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述无机填料的粒径在10μm至150μm之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述抗渗透涂料还包括水、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、增稠剂和助剂的任意一者或任意几者。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述抗渗透涂料的各个组分的总重量比为100％，并且，所述抗渗透涂料的各 个组分具有如下重量百分比：
    Figure PCTCN2016107239-appb-100001
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述分散剂为分散剂DP270、分散剂DA40、分散剂5040中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述消泡剂为消泡剂7010、消泡剂NXZ、消泡剂F-111、消泡剂A10中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述助剂为防腐剂、防沉剂、防冻剂、成膜助剂中的任意一者或任意几者的混合。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的抗渗透涂料，其特征在于，所述润湿剂为润湿剂NP10、润湿剂X405、润湿剂CF10、润湿剂DM-410中的任意一者或任意几者的混合物。
  13. 一种复合防水板，其特征在于，包括防水基板和设置在所述防水基板的至少一个表面上的抗渗透涂层，所述防水基板由高分子材料制成，所述抗渗透涂层由权利要求1至12中任意一项所述的抗渗透涂料固化而成。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的复合防水板，其特征在于，所述防水基板由EVA防水材料、TPO防水材料、HDPE防水材料中的任意一种制成。
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