WO2017090156A1 - 電力制御装置、および電力制御システム - Google Patents
電力制御装置、および電力制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017090156A1 WO2017090156A1 PCT/JP2015/083235 JP2015083235W WO2017090156A1 WO 2017090156 A1 WO2017090156 A1 WO 2017090156A1 JP 2015083235 W JP2015083235 W JP 2015083235W WO 2017090156 A1 WO2017090156 A1 WO 2017090156A1
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- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power control apparatus and a power control system.
- the charge state range is defined by electric capacity and set in a wide range, before reaching the upper and lower limit electric capacity, the upper and lower limit values of the closed circuit voltage of the battery are reached and the device stops, In some cases, the usable energy range is greatly limited. As described above, in the conventional technique, there is a case where the voltage limitation of the secondary battery cannot be performed accurately.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power control device and a power control system that can more accurately limit the voltage of the secondary battery.
- the power control apparatus of the embodiment has an acquisition unit and a determination unit.
- An acquisition part acquires the information regarding the voltage and electric current at the time of charge of the secondary battery which can be charged / discharged.
- the determination unit determines a maximum current during charging of the secondary battery based on the information acquired by the acquisition unit so that the voltage of the secondary battery does not exceed the first predetermined voltage.
- the figure which shows an example of a structure of the electric power control system The figure which shows an example of a structure of the battery module. The figure which shows an example of a structure of the control relation in the electric power control system. The figure which shows an example of the voltage / current profile information 62.
- the flowchart which shows an example of the flow of the process performed at the time of charge in the electric power control apparatus. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of processing executed at the time of discharging in the power control device 50.
- 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a mobile system 100 that uses a power control system 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the power control system 1.
- the power control system 1 may include battery units 10-1, 10-2,..., 10-n (n is an arbitrary natural number), a power control device 50, an input device 70, and a control target 80.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the battery unit 10 when it is not distinguished which battery unit, it is simply expressed as the battery unit 10.
- the plurality of battery units 10 are connected to the control target 80 in parallel by the power line PL and supply power to the control target 80. Since each battery unit 10 has the same configuration (there may be some differences), in the figure, only the configuration of the battery unit 10-1 is shown in detail on behalf of a plurality of battery units. It is described.
- the battery unit 10 includes a plurality of battery modules 20 connected in series, a current sensor 30, and a BMU (Battery Management Unit) 40. Each component in the battery unit 10 is connected by an intra-unit communication line CL1. In the intra-unit communication line CL1, for example, communication based on CAN (Controller Area Network) is performed.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the battery module 20.
- the battery module 20 is an assembled battery (battery) to which a plurality of battery cells 21 are connected.
- the battery unit 10 and the battery unit 10 connected in parallel are also assembled batteries (batteries).
- a set of two battery cells 21 connected in parallel is connected in series. Not only this but the connection mode of the battery cell in the battery module 20 may be determined arbitrarily.
- Battery cell 21 is a rechargeable secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lead storage battery, a sodium sulfur battery, a redox flow battery, or a nickel metal hydride battery.
- the battery cell 21 may be one using lithium titanate as a negative electrode material. 1 and 2, the configuration for charging the battery cell 21 is not shown.
- the battery module 20 further includes a CMU (Cell Monitoring Unit) 22, a plurality of voltage sensors 23, and a plurality of temperature sensors 24.
- the CMU 22 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), various storage devices, a CAN controller, and other communication interfaces.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the voltage sensor 23 measures the voltage of a set of battery cells 21 connected in parallel, for example. Further, an arbitrary number of temperature sensors 24 are attached to arbitrary locations in the battery module 20. The detection results of the voltage sensor 23 and the temperature sensor 24 are output to the CMU 22. The CMU 22 outputs the detection results of the voltage sensor 23 and the temperature sensor 24 to the BMU 40.
- the BMU 40 is connected to the plurality of CMUs 22 by the intra-unit communication line CL1, and is connected to the power control device 50 by the communication line CL2.
- the BMU 40 includes a processor such as a CPU, various storage devices, a CAN controller, and a communication interface corresponding to the communication line CL2. Note that the communication line CL2 may be omitted, and wireless communication may be performed between the BMU 40 and the power control device 50.
- the detection result of the current sensor 30 that detects the current flowing through the battery module 20 of the battery unit 10 is input to the BMU 40.
- the power control device 50 includes a processor such as a CPU, various storage devices, a communication interface corresponding to the communication line CL2, and the like.
- the power control device 50 controls the control target 80 based on information input from the plurality of BMUs 40 and operation information input from the input device 70.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control-related configuration in the power control system 1.
- Information such as the voltage for each battery cell 21, the voltage of the battery module 20, and the temperature of the battery module 20 is provided from the CMU 22 to the BMU 40.
- the CMU 22 calculates the voltage of the battery module 20 by adding the voltage for each battery cell 21.
- the voltage of the battery module 20 may be calculated by adding the voltage for each battery cell 21 on the BMU 40 side.
- the BMU 40 calculates the SOC (State Of Charge) of each battery module 20 based on the detection result of the current sensor 30 (see FIG. 1). Note that the SOC of each battery module 20 (or the SOC of each battery cell 21) may be calculated by the CMU 22 based on the detection result of the voltage sensor 23 or the like.
- the BMU 40 outputs the voltage for each battery cell 21 input from the CMU 22, information about the voltage of the battery module 20, the temperature of the battery module 20, and the calculated SOC to the power control apparatus 50.
- the power control device 50 includes a processor such as a CPU, various storage devices, a communication interface corresponding to communication with the communication line CL2 and the control target 80, and the like.
- the power control device 50 includes an acquisition unit 52, an estimation unit 54, a maximum current determination unit 56, a control amount determination unit 58, and a storage unit 60 as functional configurations.
- Part or all of the estimation unit 54, the maximum current determination unit 56, and the control amount determination unit 58 is realized by a processor such as a CPU executing a program stored in the storage unit 60.
- These functional units may be realized by hardware such as LSI (Large Scale Integration), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
- the acquisition unit 52 includes a communication interface and causes the storage unit 60 to store information acquired from the BMU 40.
- the estimation unit 54 acquires information on the voltage and current when the secondary battery (the battery cell 21, the battery module 20, or the battery unit 10) is charged and discharged, and based on the acquired information, the inside of the secondary battery Estimate resistance and voltage at zero current.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 determines the maximum current during charging or discharging of the secondary battery based on a comparison between the result estimated by the estimation unit 54 and the upper limit voltage Vc MAX or the lower limit voltage Vc MIN .
- the control amount determination unit 58 determines the control amount to be given to the control target 80 based on the operation information input from the input device 70 and the maximum current determined by the maximum current determination unit 56.
- the input device 70 may include a lever switch, a dial switch, various keys, a touch panel, and the like.
- the controlled object 80 may include a DC-AC converter that has a plurality of transistors and converts direct current into alternating current by switching control of the transistors.
- the control amount given to the controlled object 80 is, for example, a duty ratio in switching control.
- the control amount given to the control target 80 may include a command value such as an i-axis current or a q-axis current.
- the control target 80 may include a generator that generates electric power and supplies it to the battery unit 10, and a device that discards a part of the power supplied to the generator as heat (a device that limits the amount of power generation). Good.
- the function of the control amount determination unit 58 may be a function of a control device that is separate from the power control device 50.
- the power control device 50 outputs the maximum current determined by the maximum current determination unit 56 to the separate control device.
- the input device 70 is omitted from the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and the control amount determination unit 58 controls the control amount to be given to the control target 80 based on the maximum current and other information determined by the maximum current determination unit 56. May be determined.
- the storage unit 60 is realized by various storage devices such as ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), and other flash memory devices.
- the storage unit 60 stores the voltage / current profile information 62 collected by the estimation unit 54, in addition to the program executed by the processor of the power control apparatus 50.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the voltage / current profile information 62.
- the voltage / current profile information 62 is information grouped for each battery condition such as temperature and SOC.
- the estimation unit 54 groups the voltage and current combinations for each battery cell 21 for each battery condition and registers them in the individual profile information 62A. This grouping process may be performed in the BMU 40.
- the BMU 40 or the power control device 50 uses the current detected by the current sensor 30 as the number of parallel battery cells 21 in the battery module 20 ( In FIG. 2, the current per battery cell 21 is calculated by dividing by 2) and registered in the individual profile information 62A.
- the step size of the SOC and temperature in the voltage / current profile information 62 does not have to be a constant interval and may be arbitrarily determined. As shown in the figure, the step width of the SOC and temperature in the voltage / current profile information 62 is set in increments of 5% (tolerance 2.5%) for SOC and for example in increments of 10% for temperature. Further, for a temperature range in which the influence of the temperature change on the characteristics of the battery cell 21 is small (for example, 10 ° C. to 25 ° C.), the step size may be set larger than the other temperature ranges. Thereby, the processing load in the power control apparatus 50 can be reduced.
- the estimation unit 54 performs processing such as adding information input from the BMU 40 to the individual profile information 62A as needed and discarding outdated information.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining processing for estimating the internal resistance and the voltage at zero current based on the individual profile information 62A.
- the individual profile information 62A is information obtained by collecting the voltage and current pairs (indicated by Pt in the figure) shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents voltage (V)
- the horizontal axis represents current (A).
- the charging current is expressed as plus and the discharging current is expressed as minus. Note that “maximum current” to be described later is calculated as an absolute value.
- the estimation unit 54 applies a regressive method (statistical method) such as a least square method to the combination of voltage and current for each battery condition, and for each battery cell 21, the voltage / current straight line L ⁇ b> 1 during charging and discharging The voltage / current straight line L2 is derived. Then, the estimation unit 54 derives the internal resistance Rc of the battery cell 21 based on one or both of the voltage / current straight line L1 during charging and the voltage / current straight line L2 during discharging. For example, the estimation unit 54 derives the first-order coefficient of the voltage / current straight line L1 during charging as the internal resistance Rc of the battery cell 21. The estimation unit 54 may separately derive the internal resistance Rc of the battery cell 21 at the time of charging and the internal resistance Rc of the battery cell 21 at the time of discharging. Rc may be derived.
- a regressive method such as a least square method to the combination of voltage and current for each battery condition, and for each battery cell 21, the voltage / current straight
- the estimation unit 54 determines the voltage (charge side) of the battery cell 21 at zero current based on the set of the voltage Vc and current Acell of the battery cell 21 input from the BMU 40 and the internal resistance Rc estimated as described above. ) Vc_ccv (C) or the voltage (discharge side) Vc_ccv (D) of the battery cell 21 at the time of zero current is derived.
- the voltage at the time of zero current is a voltage when it is assumed that the current flowing through the battery cell 21 becomes zero while maintaining the state of the battery cell 21 at that time.
- the estimation unit 54 subtracts the product of the current Acell and the internal resistance Rc from the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 input from the BMU 40, so that the battery cell 21 at the time of zero current is subtracted.
- the voltage (charge side) Vc_ccv (C) is derived.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the voltage Vc_ccv (C) is obtained for the set Pt (1) of the voltage Vc and current Acell of one battery cell 21.
- the voltage Vc_ccv (C) passes through the set of the voltage Vc and the current Acell of the battery cell 21 and has a straight V-axis having an inclination according to the internal resistance Rc. Is an intercept.
- the estimation unit 54 adds the product of the current Acell and the internal resistance Rc to the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 input from the BMU 40, so that the voltage (discharge side) of the battery cell 21 at the time of zero current Vc_ccv. (D) is derived.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the voltage Vc_ccv (D) is obtained for the set Pt (2) of the voltage Vc and current Acell of one battery cell 21.
- the voltage Vc_ccv (D) passes through a set of the voltage Vc and the current Acell of the battery cell 21 and has a straight V-axis having an inclination according to the internal resistance Rc. Is an intercept.
- the estimation unit 54 may directly obtain the voltage Vc_ccv (C) from the voltage / current straight line L1 corresponding to the current battery condition. For example, the estimation unit 54 may set the V-axis intercept of the voltage / current straight line L1 as the voltage Vc_ccv (C). Similarly, the estimation unit 54 may directly obtain the voltage Vc_ccv (D) from the voltage / current straight line L2 corresponding to the current battery condition. For example, the estimation unit 54 may set the V-axis intercept of the voltage / current straight line L2 as the voltage Vc_ccv (D).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the contents of processing by the maximum current determination unit 56.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 determines the maximum current so that the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 does not exceed the upper limit voltage Vc MAX (first predetermined voltage) and does not fall below the lower limit voltage Vc MIN (second predetermined voltage).
- the upper limit voltage Vc MAX and the lower limit voltage Vc MIN are predetermined values based on the viewpoint of suppressing the deterioration of the battery cell 21.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 The maximum current of the battery cell 21 is determined so that the current voltage Vc falls within the range of the voltage increase room shown in FIG.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 determines that the battery cell 21 has a voltage Vc lower than the second threshold voltage Vc LOWER and the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 is decreasing (that is, when discharging). The maximum current of the battery cell 21 is determined so that the voltage Vc of the cell 21 falls within the range of the potential for voltage reduction shown in FIG.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 does not determine the maximum current of the battery cell 21. In other words, the power control device 50 performs charge / discharge control based solely on other factors without providing any particular limitation on the maximum current.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 determines the maximum current based on the following formula. First, parameters in the equation will be described. First, parameters in the equation will be described. First, parameters in the equation will be described. First, parameters in the equation will be described. Np_cell is the module parallel number, that is, the parallel number of the battery cells 21 in the battery module 20. In the example of FIG. 2, np_cell is 2. Np_mod is the system parallel number, that is, the parallel number of the battery modules 20. In the example of FIG. 1, np_mod is n. Acellmax is the maximum current allowed per battery cell 21. Amodmax is the maximum current allowed per battery module 20. Amax is the sum of the maximum currents (system maximum current) that each battery unit 10 is allowed to charge / discharge in the power control system 1, and is the maximum current supplied to the controlled object 80 by the power line PL.
- Np_cell is the module parallel number, that is, the parallel number of the battery cells 21 in the battery module 20.
- np_cell is 2.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 is a system based on the equations (1) to (3).
- the maximum current Amax is derived.
- Acellmax (Vc MAX ⁇ Vc_ccv (C)) / Rc (1)
- Amodmax np_cell ⁇ Acellmax (2)
- Amax np_mod * Amodmax (3)
- the maximum current determination unit 56 divides the value obtained by subtracting the voltage Vc_ccv (C) from the upper limit voltage Vc MAX of the battery cell 21 by the internal resistance Rc, thereby obtaining the maximum current of the battery cell 21.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 obtains the maximum current of the battery cell 21 by comparing the voltage obtained by correcting the voltage fluctuation due to the internal resistance with the threshold value. Accordingly, the battery control device 50 can more accurately limit the voltage of the secondary battery.
- the actually measured voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 is a voltage obtained by superimposing the current flowing through the battery cell 21 and the voltage fluctuation due to the internal resistance, so first, the “maximum current that can be added to the current current” is set. A process of obtaining and adding the obtained value to the current current is performed. However, since the measured current fluctuates with time, an error may increase when the process of adding the current to the current is performed.
- the voltage Vc_ccv (C) at zero current is obtained, and the maximum current is obtained based on this, so that the maximum current can be derived more accurately and more accurately.
- the voltage of the secondary battery can be limited.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 divides the value obtained by subtracting the lower limit voltage Vc MIN of the battery cell 21 from the voltage Vc_ccv (D) by the internal resistance Rc, thereby obtaining the maximum current of the battery cell 21. Ask for. Accordingly, the battery control device 50 can more accurately limit the voltage of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing executed during charging in the power control device 50.
- the process by the estimation part 54 shall be performed as a routine different from this flowchart.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 of the power control device 50 executes the processes of steps S100 to S106 for each battery cell 21. First, the maximum current determination unit 56 determines whether or not the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 exceeds the first threshold voltage Vc UPPER (step S100).
- the maximum current determination unit 56 changes the maximum current Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 from the upper limit voltage Vc MAX of the battery cell 21 to the voltage Vc_ccv (C ) Is subtracted by the internal resistance Rc (step S102).
- the maximum current determination unit 56 does not set the maximum current Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 (step S104). That is, the maximum current determination unit 56 does not limit the current per battery cell 21.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 (or estimation unit 54) updates items corresponding to the temperature and SOC at that time in the voltage / current profile information 62 (step S106).
- the maximum current determination unit 56 selects the smallest one of the calculated maximum currents Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 (step S108). Based on the maximum current Acellmax, the system maximum current Amax is calculated (step S110; see equations (2) and (3)).
- the control amount determination unit 58 sets the control amount to be given to the control target 80 based on the operation information input from the input device 70 with the system maximum current Amax as the upper limit value (S112). For example, the control amount determination unit 58 first determines the primary duty ratio of the switching control to be given to the controlled object 80 based on the operation information input from the input device 70, and the primary duty ratio corresponds to the system maximum current Amax. If the duty ratio is not exceeded, the primary duty ratio is given to the controlled object 80 as a controlled variable, and if the primary duty ratio exceeds the duty ratio corresponding to the system maximum current Amax, the duty ratio corresponding to the system maximum current Amax Is given to the controlled object 80 as a controlled variable. Thereby, the process of this flowchart is complete
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing executed at the time of discharging in the power control device 50.
- the process by the estimation part 54 shall be performed as a routine different from this flowchart.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 of the power control device 50 executes the processes of steps S200 to S206 for each battery cell 21. First, the maximum current determination unit 56 determines whether or not the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 is lower than the second threshold voltage Vc LOWER (step S200).
- the maximum current determination unit 56 calculates the maximum current Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 from the voltage Vc_ccv (D) to the lower limit voltage Vc of the battery cell 21. The value obtained by subtracting MIN is divided by the internal resistance Rc (step S202). On the other hand, when the voltage Vc of the battery cell 21 is equal to or higher than the second threshold voltage Vc LOWER , the maximum current determination unit 56 does not set the maximum current Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 (step S204). That is, the maximum current determination unit 56 does not limit the current per battery cell 21.
- the maximum current determination unit 56 (or the estimation unit 54) updates items corresponding to the temperature and SOC at that time in the voltage / current profile information 62 (step S206).
- the maximum current determination unit 56 selects the smallest one of the calculated maximum currents Acellmax allowed per battery cell 21 (step S208). Based on the maximum current Acellmax, the system maximum current Amax is calculated (step S210; see equations (5) and (6)).
- the control amount determination unit 58 sets the control amount to be given to the control target 80 based on the operation information input from the input device 70 with the system maximum current Amax as the upper limit value (S212). For example, the control amount determination unit 58 first determines a primary command value of the power generation amount to be given to the controlled object 80 based on the operation information input from the input device 70, and the primary command value corresponds to the system maximum current Amax. If the power generation amount is not exceeded, the primary command value is given to the control object 80 as a control amount, and if the primary command value exceeds the power generation amount corresponding to the system maximum current Amax, the power generation amount corresponding to the system maximum current Amax. Is given to the controlled object 80 as a controlled variable. Thereby, the process of this flowchart is complete
- the power control device 50 of the embodiment described above information on the voltage and current at the time of charging the chargeable / dischargeable battery cell 21 is acquired, and the voltage of the battery cell 21 is set to the upper limit voltage Vc based on the acquired information. Since the maximum current Acellmax during charging of the battery cell 21 is determined so as not to exceed MAX , the voltage of the battery cell 21 can be more accurately limited in a system in which a relatively large current flows.
- the power control apparatus 50 of the embodiment information on the voltage and current at the time of discharging the chargeable / dischargeable battery cell 21 is acquired, and the voltage of the battery cell 21 is set to the lower limit voltage Vc MIN based on the acquired information. Since the maximum current Acellmax at the time of discharging of the battery cell 21 is determined so as not to fall below, the voltage of the battery cell 21 can be more accurately limited in a system in which a relatively large current flows.
- the system maximum current Amax is calculated based on the smallest of the maximum currents Acellmax obtained for each battery cell 21, there is an individual difference for each battery cell 21.
- the control on the safe side according to the progress state of can be performed.
- the internal resistance Rc of the battery cell 21 is derived by a statistical method, and the voltage at the time of zero current is obtained based on this, whereby the voltage of the battery cell 21 is more accurately determined. Restrictions can be made.
- the power control device 50 determines the maximum current Acellmax of the battery cell 21 so that the voltage of the battery cell 21 does not exceed the upper limit voltage Vc MAX at the time of charging, and the battery cell 21 at the time of discharging. so that the voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage Vc MIN, it is assumed to perform both the determining the maximum current Acellmax of the battery cell 21 may perform only one of these.
- the power control system 1 may include only one battery unit 10, for example.
- the power control device 50 may be integrated into the BMU 40.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the mobile system 100 using the power control system 1.
- the mobile system 100 is, for example, a system that drives a hybrid railway vehicle (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle).
- Mobile system 100 includes power control system 1, and further includes an engine 110, a generator 120, an AC-DC converter 130, and wheels 140.
- a plurality of battery units are represented as the battery unit 10 as a representative.
- Engine 110 outputs power by burning fuel such as gasoline.
- the generator 120 generates power using the power output from the engine 110.
- the AC-DC converter 130 converts the two-phase or three-phase alternating current output from the generator 120 into direct current and outputs the direct current.
- the power line PL extending from the battery unit 10 is integrated with the output side power line of the AC-DC converter 130 via the DC link circuit and connected to the power converter 81.
- a power conversion device 81, a motor 82, and a mechanical brake 83 are shown as the control target 80 of the power control device 50.
- the power converter 81 converts the input direct current into alternating current and outputs it to the motor 82, or converts the electric power regenerated by the motor 82 into direct current and provides it to the battery unit 10.
- the motor 82 drives the vehicle by rotationally driving the wheels 140, or performs regeneration to generate electric power when the vehicle is decelerated.
- the mechanical brake 83 is a device that decelerates the vehicle by mechanical action.
- the mobile system 100 includes a master controller that can input a notch instruction and a brake instruction as the input device 70.
- the power control device 50 calculates the power to be output to the wheels 140 based on the notch instruction that is the operation information input from the master controller 70, and uses the power that can be output from the engine 110 from this. By subtracting, the electric power discharged from the battery unit 10 is calculated. Then, the power control device 50 calculates the current flowing from the battery unit 10 based on the power discharged from the battery unit 10, and determines whether or not the calculated current exceeds the system maximum current Amax described above. When the calculated current exceeds system maximum current Amax, power control device 50 outputs an instruction to limit the duty ratio applied to power conversion device 81 or increase the power output from engine 110 to an engine control device (not shown). To do.
- the power control device 50 calculates power that can be regenerated by acting on the wheels 140 based on a brake instruction that is operation information input from the master controller 70, and based on the power that can be regenerated. Then, the power that can be charged in the battery unit 10 is calculated. Then, the power control device 50 calculates the current flowing into the battery unit 10 based on the power that can be charged in the battery unit 10, and determines whether the calculated current exceeds the system maximum current Amax described above. . When the calculated current exceeds the system maximum current Amax, the power control device 50 performs control such as operating the mechanical brake 83 to limit the power generated by the motor 82.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a stationary power storage system 200 using the power control system 1.
- the generator 210 is a solar panel (PV) or a fuel cell (FC).
- Converter 220 is an AC-DC converter when generator 210 generates alternating current, and is a DC-DC converter when generator 210 generates direct current.
- the control target 80 is, for example, a PCS (Power Conditioning System).
- the PCS is connected to the system power SP and the load L via the transformer T. As a result, the power generated by the generator 210 is supplied to the system power SP while being stored in the battery unit 10.
- the power control apparatus 50 controls the control target 80 so that the current flowing out from the battery unit 10 does not exceed the system maximum current Amax.
- the power control apparatus 50 performs control so that the duty ratio given to the PCS does not exceed the duty ratio corresponding to the system maximum current Amax.
- the generator 210 and the converter 220 may be included in the control target in this case, and the power control device 50 includes the generator 210 and the converter 220 so that the current flowing into the battery unit 10 does not exceed the system maximum current Amax. May be controlled.
- the voltage of the battery cell 21 is set to the upper limit voltage Vc MAX based on the acquired information. Since the maximum current Acellmax at the time of charging of the battery cell 21 is determined so as not to exceed, the voltage limit of the battery cell 21 can be more accurately performed.
- the voltage of the battery cell 21 is lower than the lower limit voltage Vc MIN Since the maximum current Acellmax at the time of discharge of the battery cell 21 is determined so as not to be, the voltage of the battery cell 21 can be more accurately limited.
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Abstract
Description
・np_cellは、モジュール並列数、すなわち電池モジュール20における電池セル21の並列数である。図2の例では、np_cellは2である。
・np_modは、システム並列数、すなわち電池モジュール20の並列数である。図1の例では、np_modはnである。
・Acellmaxは、電池セル21あたりに許容される最大電流である。
・Amodmaxは、電池モジュール20あたりに許容される最大電流である。
・Amaxは、電力制御システム1において各電池ユニット10が充放電を許容される最大電流の総和(システム最大電流)であり、電力線PLによって制御対象80に供給される最大電流である。
最大電流決定部56は、電池セル21の充電時において、電池セル21の電圧Vcが第1閾値電圧VcUPPERを上回る場合に、式(1)~(3)に基づいてシステム最大電流Amaxを導出する。
Acellmax=(VcMAX-Vc_ccv(C))/Rc …(1)
Amodmax=np_cell×Acellmax …(2)
Amax=np_mod*Amodmax …(3)
最大電流決定部56は、電池セル21の放電時において、電池セル21の電圧Vcが第2閾値電圧VcLOWERを下回る場合に、式(4)~(6)に基づいてシステム最大電流Amaxを導出する。
Acellmax=(Vc_ccv(D)-VcMIN)/Rc …(4)
Amodmax=np_cell×Acellmax …(5)
Amax=np_mod*Amodmax …(6)
図7は、電力制御装置50において充電時に実行される処理の流れの一例を示すフローチャートである。なお、推定部54による処理は、本フローチャートとは別のルーチンとして実行されているものとする。
以下、電力制御システム1の適用例について説明する。図9は、電力制御システム1を利用した移動体システム100の構成の一例を示す図である。移動体システム100は、例えば、ハイブリッド鉄道車両(以下、車両)を駆動するシステムである。移動体システム100は、電力制御システム1を含み、更に、エンジン110と、発電機120と、AC-DCコンバータ130と、車輪140とを備える。なお、図9および後述する図10では、複数の電池ユニットを代表して電池ユニット10として表している。
Claims (11)
- 充放電可能な二次電池の充電時における電圧と電流に関する情報を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて、前記二次電池の電圧が第1所定電圧を超えないように前記二次電池の充電時における最大電流を決定する決定部と、
を備える電力制御装置。 - 前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧を推定する推定部を更に備え、
前記決定部は、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧と第1所定電圧との比較に基づいて、前記二次電池の充電時における最大電流を決定する、
請求項1記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記推定部は、前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて前記二次電池の内部抵抗を推定し、前記推定した前記二次電池の内部抵抗に基づいて前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧を推定する、
請求項2記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記決定部は、前記第1所定電圧と、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧との差分を、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池の内部抵抗で除算することで、前記二次電池の充電時における最大電流を決定する、
請求項3記載の電力制御装置。 - 充放電可能な二次電池の放電時における電圧と電流に関する情報を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて、前記二次電池の電圧が第2所定電圧を下回らないように前記二次電池の放電時における最大電流を決定する決定部と、
を備える電力制御装置。 - 前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧を推定する推定部を更に備え、
前記決定部は、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧と第2所定電圧との比較に基づいて、前記二次電池の放電時における最大電流を決定する、
請求項5記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記推定部は、前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて前記二次電池の内部抵抗を推定し、前記推定した前記二次電池の内部抵抗に基づいて前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧を推定する、
請求項6記載の電力制御装置。 - 前記決定部は、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池のゼロ電流時の電圧と、前記第2所定電圧との差分を、前記推定部により推定された前記二次電池の内部抵抗で除算することで、前記二次電池の放電時における最大電流を決定する、
請求項7記載の電力制御装置。 - 充放電可能な複数の二次電池の充電時における電圧と電流に関する情報を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて、各二次電池の電圧が第1所定電圧を超えないように前記二次電池の充電時における最大電流を決定し、前記決定した最大電流のうち最も小さい値に基づいて、前記複数の二次電池の充電時において前記複数の二次電池に流入する最大電流を決定する決定部と、
を備える電力制御装置。 - 充放電可能な複数の二次電池の放電時における電圧と電流に関する情報を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部により取得された情報に基づいて、各二次電池の電圧が第2所定電圧を下回らないように前記二次電池の放電時における最大電流を決定し、前記決定した最大電流のうち最も小さい値に基づいて、前記複数の二次電池の放電時において前記複数の二次電池から流出する最大電流を決定する決定部と、
を備える電力制御装置。 - 請求項1から10のうちいずれか1項記載の電力制御装置と、
一または複数の前記二次電池と、
を備える電力制御システム。
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