WO2017088198A1 - 一种油溶性加氢催化剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种油溶性加氢催化剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2017088198A1
WO2017088198A1 PCT/CN2015/096084 CN2015096084W WO2017088198A1 WO 2017088198 A1 WO2017088198 A1 WO 2017088198A1 CN 2015096084 W CN2015096084 W CN 2015096084W WO 2017088198 A1 WO2017088198 A1 WO 2017088198A1
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oil
coal
catalyst
catalyst according
vulcanizing agent
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PCT/CN2015/096084
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李苏安
邓清宇
王坤朋
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北京中科诚毅科技发展有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/881—Molybdenum and iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
    • B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
    • B01J31/34—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G49/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, belonging to the fields of petrochemical and coal chemical industry.
  • slurry bed hydrogenation technology has become a research hotspot. This technology can be applied to heavy oil hydrogenation, oil-coal mixing and coal direct liquefaction process.
  • catalyst is one of the core technologies, so it is necessary to deepen it. the study. Due to the characteristics of the slurry bed hydrogenation process: the high viscosity and poor fluidity of the raw materials (especially oil-coal mixing and direct coal liquefaction process), the dispersibility of the catalyst becomes one of the key factors for its activity, because the oil-soluble catalyst can When the reaction raw materials are miscible, the dispersibility can be maximized, but the high synthesis cost of the oil-soluble catalyst is an important factor that restricts its rapid development.
  • the present invention provides an oil-soluble hydrogenation catalyst, a preparation method thereof and use thereof, which can greatly reduce the cost.
  • An oil-soluble hydrogenation catalyst characterized by comprising the following components: one or more of a Group VIII and Group VIB metal compound, one or more of a carboxylic acid organic substance and an alcohol organic substance, and a vulcanizing agent, Wherein the mass of the metal element is 0.5-15% by weight in the catalyst, the vulcanizing agent is liquid sulfur or an unstable sulfide which can be decomposed into H 2 S under sulfurization conditions, and the mass of elemental sulfur in the vulcanizing agent is a catalyst The mass of the metal element is 0.8-4 times.
  • the metal is preferably one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pd, Pt, Cr, Mo, and W.
  • the metal is further preferably molybdenum and iron.
  • the organic substance is preferably one of a C2-C6 carboxylic acid, a C2-C5 monool, a diol, and a triol.
  • the vulcanizing agent is preferably C 2 S or dimethyl disulfide.
  • the catalyst When the catalyst is used for hydrogenation of heavy oil, it further includes an adsorbent which is a powdery substance catalyst having an adsorption capacity, and the adsorbent is added in an amount of from 1% to 10% of the reactant.
  • an adsorbent which is a powdery substance catalyst having an adsorption capacity, and the adsorbent is added in an amount of from 1% to 10% of the reactant.
  • the above adsorbent is preferably a mixture of one or more of carbon fiber, coal powder, activated carbon powder, and carbon black powder.
  • coal direct liquefaction process refers to processing of coal as raw material and coal liquefied circulating oil as hydrogen supply solvent
  • the coal mixing process refers to a combination of one or more of crude oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, catalytic oil slurry, deoiled asphalt and coal tar, and one or more combinations of lignite and bituminous coal.
  • the ratio of oil to coal ranges from 97-30:3-70
  • heavy oil hydrogenation process refers to one of crude oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, catalytic slurry, deoiled bitumen and coal tar. Or a plurality of combinations are processed for the raw materials.
  • An oil-soluble organometallic catalyst of the present invention comprising: a Group VIII and Group VIB metal catalyst, a vulcanizing agent and a suitable organic material, for heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation, because the coking material may block pipes and equipment, and equipment, pumps and The valve causes severe wear and needs to be added as needed to adsorb the coke and carry it away from the system.
  • a Group VIII and Group VIB metal catalyst for heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation, because the coking material may block pipes and equipment, and equipment, pumps and The valve causes severe wear and needs to be added as needed to adsorb the coke and carry it away from the system.
  • the adsorbent needs a substance that can participate in the reaction, and carbon fiber, coal powder, activated carbon powder, carbon black powder, and coke powder are preferred, and the density and hardness of these materials are relatively small, and the equipment is not seriously worn.
  • the vulcanizing agent may be added at any convenient time, for example, mixed with other components during the preparation of the catalyst, or may be added to the hydrogenation reactant together with the product after completion of the above preparation steps.
  • the catalyst of the invention adopts Group VIII and Group VIB metals as main components of the catalyst, which can all have catalytic effects, and preferably iron and molybdenum according to cost and catalytic efficiency, under the action of the specific organic substances and vulcanizing agents selected by the present invention,
  • the dispersion performance is good, the contact area with raw materials is large, the degree of hydrocracking of raw coal and/or oil is deep, and the wear of equipment, pumps, valves and pipelines by raw materials and catalysts is greatly reduced, from several pilot tests.
  • the catalyst provided by the present invention is practical and reliable.
  • the catalyst of the invention has low cost, simple preparation and good promotion prospect.
  • An oil-soluble Mo-Fe bimetallic catalyst which is an oil-soluble metal catalyst composed of ammonium molybdate and ferric nitrate.
  • the mass ratio of Mo to Fe is 1:2, and the weight content of metal in the catalyst is 4.5%.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • ammonium molybdate and the ferric nitrate are formulated into an aqueous solution to ensure that the mass ratio of the metal Mo to Fe is 1:2;
  • the solution is dried under vacuum at 110 ° C to remove moisture and ground to a powder of 300 ⁇ m or less;
  • the dried metal salt and the 1,3-propanediol are stirred at 230-260 ° C, and the reaction is stirred and the reaction time is ⁇ 1.2 hours.
  • the mass fraction of the catalyst Mo prepared by the method was 1.5%, and the mass fraction of Fe was 3.0%.
  • the prepared catalyst is used in the oil-coal mixing process.
  • the oil is vacuum residue.
  • the properties are shown in Table 1.
  • the coal is bituminous coal.
  • the properties are shown in Table 2.
  • the amount of catalyst added (the total mass and reaction of the elements Mo and Fe)
  • the mass ratio of the material was 0.8 ⁇
  • the amount of the vulcanizing agent was 1.6 ⁇
  • no adsorbent was added.
  • the unit was continuously operated for 8,000 hours, and the equipment, pumps, valves and pipes were free from blockage and obvious wear.
  • the vacuum residue is hydrogenated as described in Example 1.
  • the catalyst prepared in Example 1 is further added with 5% activated carbon powder as the adsorbent, and the reaction results and the wear of the device are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1.
  • the preparation method of the metal organic catalyst of the invention is simple, the raw material cost is low, the addition amount is small, the wear of the raw materials and the catalyst on the equipment, the pump, the valve and the pipeline are low, and the extraction oil yield is low. It can reach more than 89%, and the residue is only about 5%.
  • the catalyst is worthy of promotion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种油溶性加氢催化剂及其制备方法和用途。催化剂包括以下成分：VIII族和VIB族金属化合物中的一种或几种、羧酸类有机物和醇类有机物中的一种或几种、和硫化剂，其中金属元素的质量在催化剂中的重量含量为0.5-15％，硫化剂为液硫或能在硫化条件下分解成H 2S的不稳定硫化物，硫化剂中元素硫的质量为催化剂中金属元素质量的0.8-4倍。

Description

一种油溶性加氢催化剂及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种加氢催化剂，属于石油化工和煤化工领域。
背景技术
近年来浆态床加氢技术成为研究热点，该技术可应用于重油加氢、油煤混炼和煤直接液化工艺中，在该工艺中催化剂是核心技术之一，因此有必要对其进行深入研究。由于浆态床加氢工艺特点：原料(尤其是油煤混炼和煤直接液化工艺)的黏度高、流动性差，催化剂的分散性成为发挥其活性的关键因素之一，由于油溶性催化剂能够与反应原料混溶，其分散性能够得到最大程度的发挥，但油溶性催化剂较高的合成成本是制约其快速发展的重要因素。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种油溶性加氢催化剂及其制备方法和用途，能够大幅的降低成本。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种油溶性加氢催化剂，其特征在于包括以下成分：VIII族和VIB族金属化合物中的一种或几种、羧酸类有机物和醇类有机物中的一种或几种、和硫化剂，其中金属元素的质量在催化剂中的重量含量为0.5-15％，所述硫化剂为液硫或能在硫化条件下分解成H2S的不稳定硫化物，硫化剂中元素硫的质量为催化剂中金属元素质量的0.8-4倍。
所述金属优选为：Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Pd、Pt、Cr、Mo、W中的一种或几种。
所述金属进一步优选为钼和铁。
所述有机物优选为：C2-C6的羧酸，C2-C5的单醇、二醇、三醇中的一种或几种。
所述硫化剂优选为C2S或二甲基二硫醚。
当所述催化剂使用于重油加氢时，还包括吸附剂，所述吸附剂为具有吸附能力的粉末状物质催化剂，吸附剂添加量为反应物的1％-10％。
上述吸附剂优选为碳纤维、煤粉、活性碳粉、炭黑粉中的一种或几种的混合物。
上述的一种油溶性加氢催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将无机金属盐配制成水溶液；
(2)调整溶液PH值为碱性；
(3)将溶液干燥，去除水分，并研磨成300μm以下的粉末；
(4)将干燥后的金属盐与有机物在230-260℃下搅拌≥1.2小时。
优选的所述无机金属盐为钼酸铵和硝酸铁，金属Mo与Fe的质量比为1:1.5～2.5；通过向溶液中添加氨水，使溶液PH＝8～9。
上述催化剂的用途，其特征在于用于煤直接液化工艺、油煤混炼工艺和重油加氢工艺，煤直接液化工艺指以煤为原料，以煤液化的循环油为供氢溶剂进行加工；油煤混炼工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合与褐煤、烟煤中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工，油与煤的比例范围为97-30:3-70；重油加氢工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工。
本发明的一种油溶性有机金属催化剂，包括：VIII族和VIB族金属催化剂、硫化剂和适当有机物，对于重油浆态床加氢，由于结焦物可能堵塞管道和设备，并对设备、泵和阀造成严重地磨损，需要酌情添加吸附剂以吸附结焦物，并带离系统。对于油煤混炼和煤直接液化工艺，由于作为反应物的煤粉自身可作为吸附剂，所以不需要额外添加吸附剂。吸附剂需要能参与反应的物质，优先选择碳纤维、煤粉、活性碳粉、炭黑粉、焦炭粉，并且这些物质的密度和硬度都比较小，不会对设备造成严重的磨损。硫化剂可在任何方便的时刻加入，例如在催化剂制备过程中与其他成分混合，也可以与上述制备步骤完成后的产物共同添加到加氢反应物中。
本发明的催化剂采用VIII族和VIB族金属作为催化剂主要成分，其均能起到催化效果，根据成本和催化效率优选为铁和钼，在本发明所选取的特定的有机物和硫化剂作用下，其分散性能好，与原料接触面积大，原料煤和/或油的加氢裂化程度较深，同时还大大降低了原料和催化剂对设备、泵、阀和管道的磨损，从数次中试试验结果来看，本发明提供的催化剂是实用和可靠的。同时，本发明的催化剂成本低，制备简单，推广前景良好。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明的具体特征，下面将结合具体实例来写详细叙述。
实施例1
一种油溶性Mo-Fe双金属催化剂，该催化剂是由钼酸铵和硝酸铁组成的油溶性金属催化剂，Mo与Fe质量比为1:2，金属在催化剂中的重量含量为4.5％，制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将钼酸铵和硝酸铁配制成水溶液，保证金属Mo与Fe的质量比为1:2；
2、向溶液中注入氨水，使PH＝8.8；
3、将溶液在110℃下真空干燥，去除水分，并研磨成300μm以下的粉末；
4、将干燥后的金属盐与1,3-丙二醇在230-260℃下搅拌，边搅拌变反应，反应时间≥1.2小时。
通过本方法制得的催化剂Mo质量分数为1.5％，Fe的质量分数为3.0％。
将制得的催化剂用到油煤混炼工艺中，油为减压渣油，其性质见表1，煤为烟煤，其性质见表2，催化剂添加量(元素Mo与Fe的总质量与反应物的质量比)为0.8‰，硫化剂添加量为1.6‰，不添加吸附剂。
表1.减压渣油的基本性质表
Figure PCTCN2015096084-appb-000001
表2.煤的基本性质表
Figure PCTCN2015096084-appb-000002
3、反应结果数据表：
气产率，wt％ 5.53
萃取油收率，wt％ 89.15
油煤焦产率，wt％ 5.32
装置连续运转8000小时，设备、泵、阀和管道无堵塞和明显的磨损现象。
实施例2
本实施例为如实施例1所述减压渣油加氢，采用如实施例1制备的催化剂再添加5％活性碳粉作为吸附剂，反应结果及装置磨损情况均基本与实施例1相同。
结论：
从上述实施例可以看出，本发明的金属有机催化剂制备方法简单，原料成本低，添加量少，实验过程中原料和催化剂对设备、泵、阀和管道的磨损较低，萃取油收率均可达到89％以上，残渣仅为5％左右，该催化剂值得大力推广。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，例如金属和类似性质的有机物的替换以及各成分不同的配比等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种油溶性加氢催化剂，其特征在于包括以下成分：VIII族和VIB族金属化合物中的一种或几种、羧酸类有机物和醇类有机物中的一种或几种、和硫化剂，其中金属元素的质量在催化剂中的重量含量为0.5-15％，所述硫化剂为液硫或能在硫化条件下分解成H2S的不稳定硫化物，硫化剂中元素硫的质量为催化剂中金属元素质量的0.8-4倍。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述金属为：Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Pd、Pt、Cr、Mo、W中的一种或几种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述金属为钼和铁。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述有机物为：C2-C6的羧酸，C2-C5的单醇、二醇、三醇中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述硫化剂为C2S或二甲基二硫醚。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述催化剂使用于重油加氢，还包括吸附剂，所述吸附剂为具有吸附能力的粉末状物质催化剂，吸附剂添加量为反应物的1％-10％。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的催化剂，所述吸附剂为碳纤维、煤粉、活性碳粉、炭黑粉中的一种或几种的混合物。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种油溶性加氢催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (1)将无机金属盐配制成水溶液；
    (2)调整溶液PH值为碱性；
    (3)将溶液干燥，去除水分，并研磨成300μm以下的粉末；
    (4)将干燥后的金属盐与有机物在230-260℃下搅拌≥1.2小时。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的催化剂，其特征在于所述无机金属盐为钼酸铵和硝酸铁，金属Mo与Fe的质量比为1:1.5～2.5；通过向溶液中添加氨水，使溶液PH＝8～9。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的催化剂的用途，其特征在于用于煤直接液化工艺、油煤混炼工艺和重油加氢工艺，煤直接液化工艺指以煤为原料，以煤液化的循环油为供氢溶剂进行加工；油煤混炼工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合与褐煤、烟煤中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工，油与煤的比例范围为97-30:3-70；重油加氢工艺指以原油、常压渣油、减压渣油、催化油浆、脱油沥青和煤焦油中的一种或者多种组合为原料进行加工。
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