WO2017088188A1 - 润滑油抗磨剂、润滑油复合剂、润滑油和应用 - Google Patents

润滑油抗磨剂、润滑油复合剂、润滑油和应用 Download PDF

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WO2017088188A1
WO2017088188A1 PCT/CN2015/095850 CN2015095850W WO2017088188A1 WO 2017088188 A1 WO2017088188 A1 WO 2017088188A1 CN 2015095850 W CN2015095850 W CN 2015095850W WO 2017088188 A1 WO2017088188 A1 WO 2017088188A1
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lubricating oil
agent
oil
lubricating
group
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PCT/CN2015/095850
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙大陟
雍怀松
张至
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深圳纳伟力科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/095850 priority Critical patent/WO2017088188A1/zh
Priority to CN201580000897.0A priority patent/CN107532101A/zh
Publication of WO2017088188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088188A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26—Phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals, in particular to a lubricating oil anti-wear agent, a lubricating oil compounding agent containing the lubricating oil anti-wear agent, and a lubricating oil containing the lubricating oil anti-wear agent or lubricating oil compounding agent. And the application of lubricants.
  • the fully formulated lubricant contains a number of additive components including, but not limited to, deposit control additives, film forming additives, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, metal deactivation additives, seal expansion Agent, pour point depressant and viscosity index improving additive.
  • the current main method of improving fuel economy is to use lower viscosity grades of lubricant.
  • low viscosity lubricants can greatly improve fuel economy, such lubricants can also increase mechanical wear.
  • antiwear agents can be used to some extent to reduce mechanical wear.
  • the main anti-wear agent is an organic phosphorus-containing friction and wear modifier.
  • zinc dialkyldithiolphosphate ZDDP
  • ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiolphosphate
  • ZDDP also has good anti-wear properties and is used to pass Cam wear test faces, such as the SeqIVA and TU3 wear tests.
  • Many patents relate to the manufacture and application of ZDDP.
  • Existing anti-wear agents also use organic sulfur-containing anti-wear agents, including dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized natural and synthetic sources of fatty acid esters, trithiones, sulfurized thiophene derivatives, sulfide terpenes, Sulfurized polyene, sulfurized Diets-Alder adduct, etc.
  • specific examples include sulfurized isobutylene, sulfurized diisobutylene, sulfurized triisobutylene, dicyclohexyl polysulfide, diphenyl polysulfide, dibenzyl polysulfide, Dimercapto polysulfide, and a mixture of di-tert-butyl polysulfide, such as a mixture of di-tert-butyl trisulfide, di-tert-butyl tetrasulfide, and di-tert-butyl pentasulfide.
  • organic phosphorus-containing friction wear modifier or organic sulfur-containing anti-wear agent is commonly used as an anti-wear additive, such an organic phosphorus-containing friction wear improver has one or more of the following disadvantages:
  • ILSAC GF-6A/6B may limit the amount of phosphorus in the lubricating oil to within ⁇ 0.06%wt.
  • the standard for sulfur content will also increase, which puts more stringent requirements on the development of a new generation of lubricants. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new lubricating oil additive, which has excellent anti-wear properties and has good safety and environmental protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, and to provide a lubricating oil anti-wear agent and a lubricating oil compounding agent containing the lubricating oil anti-wear agent, to solve the problem that the existing organic anti-wear agent causes sulfur or / and the technical problem of high phosphorus content, poor thermal stability and limited wear resistance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a lubricating oil for solving the sulfur and/or phosphorus content of the existing lubricating oil due to the use of an organic phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent or an organic sulfur-containing anti-wear agent. Increased, high-temperature anti-wear performance is unstable, and the anti-wear performance is limited.
  • the lubricating oil of the sulfur anti-wear agent causes technical problems such as abrasion of the friction surface.
  • a lubricating oil antiwear agent comprises intercalation reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheets.
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent comprises a layered metal phosphate nanosheet that is intercalated by a hydrocarbon amine compound.
  • the hydrocarbon amine compound is one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, a tertiary amine compound, and a cyclic amine compound.
  • the metal element in the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is a transition metal element.
  • the transition metal element is a group IVB transition metal element.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is at least one selected from the group consisting of layered zirconium phosphate nanosheets, layered titanium phosphate nanosheets, layered phosphonium phosphate nanosheets, and layered titanium titanate nanosheets.
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent further comprises a hydrocarbon amine compound, the hydrocarbon amine compound content is 5% wt-95% wt, and the layered metal phosphate nanosheet content is 5% wt-95% wt.
  • a lubricating oil composite comprises an antiwear agent and other additives and an inert solvent of 0% by weight to 99% by weight, wherein the antiwear agent is the lubricating oil antiwear agent described in the examples of the present invention.
  • the inert solvent is selected from at least one of a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base, a Group IV base oil, and a Group V base oil.
  • the other additives include a quieting agent, a friction modifier, a sealing expansion agent, an antioxidant, an antifoaming agent, a lubricant, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a deemulsifier, a viscosity index improver, and a pour point depressant.
  • a quieting agent e.g., a vibration modifier, a styrene foam, a styl, sulfate, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a deemulsifier, a viscosity index improver, and a pour point depressant.
  • a lubricating oil includes a base oil and an additive dispersed in the base oil, the additive comprising the lubricating oil anti-wear agent according to the embodiment of the present invention, or the additive is the lubricating oil composite agent according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is contained in the lubricating oil in an amount of from 0.001% by weight to 10.0% by weight.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is contained in the lubricating oil in an amount of from 0.001% by weight to 8.0% by weight.
  • a lubricating surface comprising a lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil is the lubricating oil according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • an engine transmission system including a lubricating surface containing lubricating oil according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
  • a vehicle having a moving part and including lubricating oil for lubricating the moving part, the lubricating oil being the lubricating oil according to the embodiment of the present invention .
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the invention is based on an inorganic layered metal phosphate nanosheet, and is subjected to an intercalation reaction treatment, so that the intercalating agent can enter the inorganic metal phosphate nanosheet.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheets imparted to the intercalation layer have excellent anti-wear properties and can be uniformly dispersed in the diluent or the base oil. At the same time, it has excellent thermal stability, does not degrade at high temperature, and is environmentally friendly. Based on this characteristic, the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the invention has less toxic and side effects on the exhaust gas conversion catalyst system, and can also catalyze the CO generated in the combustion chamber. Generate CO 2 .
  • a hydrocarbon amine compound is used to intercalate between the sheets of the inorganic metal phosphate nanosheet such that the hydrocarbon amine enters between the sheets of the inorganic metal phosphate nanosheet, thereby making the inorganic-organic hybrid intercalated metal phosphate Salt nanosheets have excellent anti-wear properties and are capable of being uniformly dispersed in a diluent or base oil. At the same time, it also has excellent thermal stability, does not degrade at high temperatures, and is environmentally friendly.
  • the anti-wear agent in the lubricating oil compounding agent can be uniformly dispersed, and after being added to the base oil, the lubricating oil can be imparted Excellent wear resistance.
  • the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the present invention contains the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the invention or the lubricating oil compounding agent of the embodiment of the invention, so that the lubricating oil has excellent anti-wear performance, high temperature resistance, environmental friendliness, and resistance
  • the grinding agent can be uniformly dispersed, and at the same time, the toxic side effect on the tail gas conversion catalyst system is small, and being introduced into the combustion chamber can also catalyze the CO to generate CO 2 .
  • the lubricating surface, the engine transmission system and the vehicle of the embodiment of the invention lubricate the parts to be lubricated by using the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the invention, thereby effectively reducing friction and wear.
  • Example 1 is a comparison diagram of XRD patterns of ZrP nanosheets prepared by inventing Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-ball test used in a tribological test according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a test shot of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 in Example 6 of the present invention provided by the oleyl acetate intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nanosheets added to the 5W/30 base formula oil (0.1% and 0.2) Comparison of the relationship between the friction coefficient of % of oleylamine intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nanosheet content and the different lubricating systems of Comparative Example 1 with time;
  • Figure 4 is a test shot of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 in the present invention, the oleylamine intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nanosheet was added to the 5W/30 base formula oil in Example 1 (0.1% and 0.2). Comparative graph of the relationship between the depth of wear of the oleylamine intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nanosheet content and the 5W/30 base formula oil and the different lubrication systems of Comparative Example 1 as a function of time;
  • Figure 5 is a wear spot diagram of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 after the end of the test in the 5W/30 base formula
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 after the end of the test in the commercial example full-form oil of the comparative example;
  • Figure 7 is a speckle diagram of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 after the end of the test in "5W/30 base formula oil + 0.1% wt ZrP-amine mixture";
  • Figure 8 is a speckle diagram of the test pellet shown in Figure 2 after the end of the test in "5W/30 base formula + 0.2% wt ZrP-amine mixture".
  • oil composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • lubricating composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • oil composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • lubricating composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • lubricating composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • lubricant composition for the final lubricating product comprising a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package
  • crankcase lubricant For the final engine, transmission or crankcase lubricant product containing a major amount of base oil plus a minor amount of additive package, the terms “crankcase lubricant”, “crankcase lubricant”, “oil”, “ Engine lubricants, “actuator oils” and “lubricants” shall be considered synonymous and fully interchangeable terms.
  • additive package With respect to the portion of the lubricating composition that does not include a major amount of base oil stock, as used herein, the terms "additive package”, “additive concentrate”, “composite” and “additive package” shall be considered synonymous. A term that is completely interchangeable.
  • the additive package may or may not include a viscosity index improver or a pour point depressant.
  • hydrocarbon soluble does not indicate that the compound is soluble, soluble, miscible, or can be suspended by any hydrocarbon or oil at any ratio. These terms are meant to indicate that these compounds are soluble in the lubricating oil medium or can be stably dispersed to enable them to perform as intended in the environment of use. Further, these phrases are intended to indicate that when a content of other additives in the lubricating oil medium is increased, it is allowed to add a certain added content to the lubricating oil medium.
  • Hydrocarbon means a compound in which any one of the compounds contains a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and/or an oxygen atom.
  • hydrocarbyl is a carbon atom in a functional group that directly links the remainder of the molecule, and the entire group possesses the primary properties of a hydrocarbon.
  • Hydrocarbon Base includes:
  • a hydrocarbon substituent that is, an aliphatic substituent (for example, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group), an alicyclic substituent (for example, a cycloalkyl group or a cycloalkenyl group), an aromatic ring-substituted, aliphatically substituted group, An alicyclic substituted aromatic substituent, and a cyclic substituent consisting of a part of another molecular structure (for example, two substituents form an aliphatic-alicyclic residue);
  • Substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, the substituents contain non-hydrocarbon groups; that is, in the context of the present invention, these non-hydrocarbon substituents do not alter the hydrocarbon substituents. Most of the characteristics (such as halogen (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, decyl, alkyl fluorenyl, nitro, nitroso and sulfonyl, etc.;
  • Heterocyclic substituents that is, the substituents have the characteristics of a large majority of hydrocarbons, and in the context of the description of the present invention, heteroatoms other than carbon atoms are contained in the molecular chain or the molecular ring.
  • the hetero atom includes sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and the like, and includes a pyridyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, an imidazolyl group, and the like.
  • this type of hydrocarbyl group refers to a group in which no more than two, and further no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent occurs per ten carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a lubricating oil antiwear agent having excellent antiwear properties and dispersibility.
  • the lubricating oil antiwear agent comprises a layered metal phosphate nanosheet treated by intercalation reaction. Since the inorganic layered metal phosphate nanosheet is treated by intercalation reaction, the intercalation agent can enter between the sheets of the inorganic metal phosphate nanosheet, thereby imparting excellentity to the intercalated layered metal phosphate nanosheet.
  • Anti-wear properties can be evenly dispersed in the diluent or base oil. At the same time, it has excellent thermal stability, does not degrade at high temperature, and is environmentally friendly.
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the invention has less toxic and side effects on the tail gas conversion catalyst system, and can also generate CO generated in the combustion chamber to generate CO. 2 .
  • the inorganic layered metal phosphate nanosheet is subjected to an intercalation reaction treatment using a hydrocarbon amine compound. That is, the layered metal phosphate nanosheets in which the layered metal phosphate nanosheets are intercalated for the hydrocarbon amine compound.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheet intercalated by the hydrocarbon amine compound is a layered metal phosphate nanosheet, that is, an inorganic phosphorus compound, as a bulk, in a single piece of particles, microscopically It has a multi-layered layered structure.
  • the hydrocarbon amine compound is intercalated into the sheet structure of the inorganic phosphorus compound by intercalation reaction, and finally an inorganic-organic hybrid intercalation material is formed.
  • the intercalated reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheet preferably a layered metal phosphate nanosheet intercalated by a hydrocarbon amine compound, ie, the inorganic-organic hybrid intercalation
  • the metal element in the layered metal phosphate nanosheet as the bulk is a transition metal element, that is, the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is selected from layered transition metal phosphate nanosheets to improve intercalation.
  • the wear resistance of materials such as inorganic-organic hybrid intercalation materials.
  • the transition metal is a Group IVB transition metal.
  • the Group IVB transition metal is selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, hafnium or alloys thereof.
  • the layered transition metal phosphate nanosheet is selected from the group consisting of layered zirconium phosphate nanosheets, layered titanium phosphate nanosheets, layered phosphonium phosphate nanosheets, and layered titanium titanate nanosheets.
  • layered zirconium phosphate nanosheets layered titanium phosphate nanosheets
  • layered phosphonium phosphate nanosheets layered titanium titanate nanosheets.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanoplatelets may have a single piece particle shape that may be hexagonal, circular, or irregular.
  • the controlled layered metal phosphate nanoplatelets such as layered transition metal phosphate nanoplatelets, have a single piece particle size of less than 4000 nanometers. The shape and size of these layered metal phosphate nanosheets directly determine the individual sheet shape and size of the final inorganic-organic hybrid intercalation material.
  • the intercalation reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheets are achieved by adjusting and controlling factors such as the type of the layered metal phosphate nanosheets described above, the shape and size of the individual pellets, and the like.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheets in which the compound is intercalated that is, the wear resistance, thermal stability, and dispersion properties of the inorganic-organic hybrid intercalation material.
  • the preferred hydrocarbon amine compound is used for intercalation modification of layered metal phosphate nanosheets.
  • the hydrocarbon amine compound is one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, a tertiary amine compound, and a cyclic amine compound.
  • the hydrocarbon group contained in the hydrocarbon amine compound is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon chain length of from 3 to 24.
  • the primary amine compound is represented by the formula R 1 NH 2 , wherein R 1 represents an unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon chain length of between 3 and 24, preferably represented An unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon chain length of between 6 and 24.
  • the unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon chain length of from 3 to 24 represented by R 1 may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon may also be substituted or substituted, and the "substituted” or “substituted” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
  • the hydrogen atoms on it are replaced by other non-carbon atoms.
  • the primary amine compound can be hexadecylamine, oleylamine, allylamine, furanamine, erucic acid amine, and the like.
  • the secondary amine compound has the following structural formula:
  • R 2 and R 3 represent the same or different unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon groups having a carbon chain length of between 3 and 24, preferably representing an unsaturated or saturated carbon chain length of between 6 and 24; Hydrocarbyl group.
  • the unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon represented by R 2 and R 3 having a carbon chain length of from 3 to 24 may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon may also be substituted or substituted, and the "substituted" or "substituted” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
  • the hydrogen atoms on it are replaced by other non-carbon atoms.
  • the secondary amine compound may be N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, dinonyldiphenylamine, and N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and the like.
  • the tertiary amine compound has the following structural formula:
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 represent the same or different unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon groups having a carbon chain length of between 3 and 24, preferably representing an unsaturated group having a carbon chain length of between 6 and 24. Or a saturated hydrocarbon group.
  • the unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon represented by R 4 , R 5 and R 6 having a carbon chain length of from 3 to 24 may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon may also be substituted or substituted, and the "substituted” or “substituted” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
  • the hydrogen atoms on it are replaced by other non-carbon atoms.
  • the tertiary amine compound may be tetradecyldimethyl tertiary amine, cetyldimethyl tertiary amine, and octadecyldimethyl tertiary amine, and the like.
  • the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the embodiments of the present invention may further comprise the above hydrocarbon amine compound for intercalating the layered metal phosphate nanosheet described above, that is,
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned layered metal phosphate nanosheets intercalated by a hydrocarbon amine compound, that is, inorganic-organic hybrid intercalated metal phosphate nanosheets and amines. Compound.
  • the specific embodiment of the amine compound is as described above and will not be described herein.
  • the content of the hydrocarbon amine compound in the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the embodiment of the present invention is adjusted to be 5% by weight to 95% by weight, and the content of the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is adjusted to be 5% by weight to 95% by weight.
  • the addition of the hydrocarbon amine compound in the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the present invention can positively help the dispersibility of the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the present invention, and can effectively avoid the use of a hydrocarbon amine compound for layering.
  • the step of washing and removing impurities after the metal phosphate nanosheet intercalation reaction is effective to reduce the production cost of the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned layered metal phosphate nanosheets subjected to intercalation treatment by a hydrocarbon amine compound may be diluted with an inert solvent, and after dilution, inorganic- The organic hybrid intercalated metal phosphate nanosheets can be uniformly dispersed. Therefore, the lubricating oil anti-wear agent according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include an inert solvent to be diluted.
  • the inert solvent is an organic diluent, such as at least one of a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base, a Group IV base oil, or a Group V base oil.
  • the content of the inert solvent diluted can be controlled by those skilled in the art according to the needs of practical application or production. The amount is added.
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent provided by the embodiment of the present invention has an inorganic layered metal phosphate nano-salt as a main body, and an intercalating agent, such as a hydrocarbon amine compound, is used to intercalate the body sheet layer and enter the sheet layer of the body.
  • an intercalating agent such as a hydrocarbon amine compound
  • the anti-wear property and the dispersibility and the thermal stability are imparted to the environment, and the inorganic layered metal phosphate nano-salt contained therein can also act as a catalyst.
  • the CO produced in the combustion chamber catalyzes the formation of CO 2 and reduces the emission of toxic gases.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a lubricating oil anti-wear agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for preparing the lubricating oil anti-wear agent comprises the following steps:
  • Step S01 hydrothermally reacting a metal inorganic salt with concentrated phosphoric acid at 150 ° C - 250 ° C to obtain a layered metal phosphate nanosheet;
  • Step S02 intercalating the layered metal phosphate nanosheet prepared in step S01 with a sufficient amount of the hydrocarbon amine.
  • the above step S01 uses a hydrothermal method to prepare a native layered metal phosphate nanosheet.
  • the control of the conditions of the hydrothermal reaction such as temperature, time and the proportion of the reactants, can affect the morphology and size of the resulting layered metal phosphate nanosheets.
  • the molar ratio of the metal inorganic salt to the concentrated phosphoric acid during the hydrothermal reaction is 1: (1.2-12.5).
  • the size of the prepared native layered metal phosphate nanosheets can be determined by scanning electron microscopy (TEM) scanning of the sample.
  • TEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the usual method is to directly measure the individual particle sizes in the field of view and calculate their average size. These particles are of different sizes because the grains are agglomerated together or bonded together. Nonetheless, the native layered metal phosphate nanosheets obtained by the foregoing methods are substantially less than 4000 nanometers in size.
  • the primary layered metal phosphate nanosheet prepared in this step S01 has certain antiwear agent properties, and can be directly used as an additive in lubricating oil if dispersibility and excellent antiwear property are not considered.
  • step S02 after the hydrocarbon amine is subjected to a rubbing reaction with the primary layered metal phosphate nanosheet prepared in the step S01, the hydrocarbon amine enters the layered metal phosphate nanosheet layer through the intercalation reaction to form an inorganic-organic hybrid.
  • the intercalation material is modified to realize the modification of the original layered metal phosphate nanosheet to improve the antiwear property, thermal stability and dispersion performance of the lubricant antiwear agent.
  • the hydrocarbon amine compound in this step is the hydrocarbon amine compound described above.
  • the intercalation reaction may be at least one of heat treatment, ultrasonic treatment, and mechanical agitation.
  • An advantage of the method for preparing a lubricating oil antiwear agent of the present invention is that the final intercalation product can be used directly without further purification by solvent washing or the like. For example, it is not necessary to further wash and purify the intercalated product with petroleum ether. The intercalated product does not need to separate the unreacted hydrocarbon amine compound from the nanosheet intercalation product prior to use in the lubricating oil additive. Therefore, the aforementioned method of preparing a nanosheet intercalation product is a low cost, relatively simple and easy process for preparing a large number of nanosheet intercalation products.
  • the hydrocarbon amine compound in the step S02 is preferably in a sufficient amount, that is, the layered metal phosphate nanosheet is sufficiently intercalated to impart excellent antiwear property, dispersing property and the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the present invention.
  • Thermal stability In one embodiment, for the product after the intercalation reaction in the above step S02, the inorganic layered phosphate nanosheet has a solid content mass fraction between 5% wt and 95% wt, and the hydrocarbyl amine mass fraction is between 5% wt. Between 95%wt. A very small portion of the native layered metal phosphate nanosheets and hydrocarbyl amines that are not fully reacted, or some undesirable by-products, may be included in these intercalation products. These incompletely reacted raw materials and by-products in the intercalation product are usually in a small amount, and it has been experimentally found that it has no significant effect on the performance of the lubricating antiwear agent in the lubricating oil formulation.
  • the intercalation reaction product or mixture in step S02 can be directly subjected to a dilution treatment using the inert solvent described above.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a lubricating oil compounding agent, which may also be referred to as an additive package.
  • the lubricating oil compounding agent comprises an antiwear agent and other additives.
  • the anti-wear agent is the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above or the lubricating oil anti-wear agent prepared by the above-mentioned lubricating oil anti-wear agent preparation method. Therefore, in order to save space, the anti-wear agent will not be described again.
  • the other additives contained in the lubricating oil compounding agent may be conventional additives in the lubricating oil field.
  • an additive having an effective content of between 1% and 99% is often introduced into the concentrated compounding agent, and the remainder
  • these compounding oils are usually mineral oils or other suitable solvents.
  • these concentrated formulations are added directly to the fully formulated lubricant.
  • these additives contain a dispersant/inhibitor (DI) additive package, a viscosity index improver, and the like.
  • DI dispersant/inhibitor
  • the mass ratio of the viscosity index improver to the DI additive package in the fully formulated lubricating oil is between 0.01:1 and 50:1.
  • the DI additive package In the DI additive package, it generally contains a quieting agent, an anti-wear agent, a friction modifier, a sealing expansion agent, an antioxidant, an antifoaming agent, a lubricant, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a deemulsifier, and an improved viscosity index. Agents and so on.
  • the present invention is known by those skilled in the art to familiarize themselves with these additives, including the layered metal phosphate nanosheets of the present invention in lubricating oils. The general amount added.
  • the other additives contained in the lubricating oil compound may include an antioxidant, a quieting agent, a dispersing agent, a friction modifier, a rust inhibitor/corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, At least one of an antifoaming agent (deemulsifier) and a sealing expander may further contain an additive such as a lubricant or a film forming agent.
  • antioxidants
  • Antioxidants are used to slow the oxidative failure process of lubricating base oils during use. Such oxidative failures can be observed by enrichment of oxidation products such as sludge or lacquer deposits on metal surfaces, and by full formulation lubrication. An increase in the viscosity of the oil was observed.
  • Lubricating type antioxidants include hindered phenolic compounds, having a C 5 to C 12 alkyl side chains alkylphenol thioester alkaline earth metal salts, metal salts of alkylphenols or sulfurized processing non-vulcanization treatment.
  • These compounds include calcium decyl phenol sulfide, ashless oil soluble phenate, sulfurized phenate, sulfur phosphating or sulfurized hydrocarbon derivatives, phosphates, metal thiocarbamates, and oil soluble inclusions. Copper compound.
  • antioxidants used may include sterically hindered phenolic derivatives and diarylamine derivatives, alkylphenothiazine derivatives, sulfurized compounds, ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate derivatives .
  • Stereo-type phenolic derivatives include, but are not limited to, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1-methylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl Phenolic, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-pentyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4- Hexyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-hexyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-heptyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-(2-ethylhexyl) -2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-octyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-mercapto-2,6-di-tert-butyl
  • Methylene-bridged sterically hindered phenols include, but are not limited to, 4,4-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4-methylenebis(6-tert-pentyl) Base-o-cresol), 2,2-methylenebis(4-methyl-o-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4-methylenebis(2,6-tert-butylphenol) And a mixture of two or more of them.
  • Diarylamine Derivative Antioxidants include, but are not limited to, diarylamines having the following chemical structure:
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the substituent on these aryl groups includes a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a halogen residue, a carboxyl group or a carboxylate, or a nitro group or the like.
  • the aryl group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl group, and the substituted aryl group is preferably an alkyl-substituted aryl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, further preferably an alkyl-substituted aryl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Further, an alkyl-substituted aryl group of 4 to 9 carbon atoms is further preferred.
  • the aryl group is preferably a substituted phenyl and naphthyl group, including a monoalkyl substituted diphenylamine derivative, a dialkyl substituted diphenylamine derivative, or a monoalkyl substituted diphenylamine derivative and a dialkyl substituted diphenylamine. a mixture of derivatives.
  • the diarylamine may contain at least two nitrogen atoms, at least one of which has a nitrogen atom linking two aryl groups.
  • some diamines contain a secondary amine nitrogen atom, and this secondary amine nitrogen atom connects two aryl groups.
  • diarylamines include, but are not limited to, diphenylamine, various alkyl substituted diphenylamine derivatives, 3-hydroxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,4 -phenylenediamine, monobutyldiphenylamine, dibutyldiphenylamine, monooctyldiphenylamine, dioctyldiphenylamine, monodecyldiphenylamine, didecyldiphenylamine, monotetradecyldiphenylamine, double Tetradecyldiphenylamine, ⁇ -phenylnaphthylamine, monooctyl- ⁇ -phenylnaphthylamine, ⁇ -phenylnaphthylamine, monoheptyldiphenylamine, dimonoheptyldiphenylamine, p-phenylenediphenylamine, Buty
  • Another class of amine antioxidants include phenothiazine or alkyl substituted phenothiazine derivatives having the following chemical structure:
  • R 9 and R 10 in the above formula are each independently a linear or branched C 1 to C 24 alkyl group, an aryl group, a hetero atom-substituted alkyl group or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
  • the alkyl-substituted phenothiazine derivative includes: monotetradecylphenothiazine, ditetradecylphenothiazine, monodecylphenothiazine, bis-mercaptophenothiazine, monodecylphenothiazine, Bis-mercaptophenothiazine, monooctylphenothiazine, dioctylphenothiazine, monobutylphenothiazine, dibutylphenothiazine, monophenylphenothiazine, bisphenylphenothiazine, butyl Bensyl phenothiazine and phenyloctylphenothiazine and the like.
  • Sulfur-containing antioxidants include, but are not limited to, sulfurized olefins.
  • the antioxidant properties of sulfurized olefins are determined by the olefins from which they are prepared and the final sulfur content.
  • the preparation of sulfurized olefins is preferably a high molecular weight olefin such as an olefin having an average molecular weight of from 168 g/mol to 351 g/mol.
  • the olefins used include alpha-olefins, branched olefins, cyclic olefins, and combinations thereof.
  • the ⁇ -olefin is preferably a C 4 to C 22 ⁇ -olefin.
  • the sulfur element in the olefin vulcanization reaction may be derived from sulfur elemental, sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride, sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide, and mixtures thereof or sulfur-containing intermediates at various stages of the sulfurization reaction.
  • Unsaturated fats due to their unsaturation, can also be used in the sulfurization reaction to prepare antioxidants.
  • These unsaturated fats include corn oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, tung seed oil, tallow, etc. , and mixtures of them.
  • the amount of sulfurized olefin or sulfurized fat added to the finished lubricating oil or lubricating oil compound depends on the sulfur content of the sulfurized olefin and the sulfurized fat, and on the desired sulfur content in the finished lubricating oil.
  • a sulfurized olefin or sulfurized fat contains 20% by weight of sulfur, and when 1% by weight is added to the finished lubricating oil, the finished lubricating oil has a sulfur content of 2000 ppm.
  • a sulfurized olefin or sulfurized grease having a sulfur content of 10% by weight when 1% by weight is added to the finished lubricating oil, the finished lubricating oil has a sulfur content of 2000 ppm.
  • the sulfur content of the general finished lubricating oil needs to be controlled at a level of 200 ppm to 2000 ppm.
  • the ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate can also be used as an antioxidant additive by dissolving or dispersing it in an additive package.
  • the ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate should have low volatility and preferably have a molecular weight greater than 250 g/mol, further preferably an ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate having a molecular weight greater than 400 g/mol.
  • Ashless dithiocarbamates include, but are not limited to, methylene bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate), ethylene bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate), isobutyl disulfide -2,2'-bis(dialkyldithiocarbamate), hydroxyalkyl substituted dithiocarbamate.
  • the preparation raw material of the dialkyldithiocarbamate includes an unsaturated compound, a norbornene, an epoxy compound, and the alkyl group has preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the dialkyldithiocarbamate. .
  • ashless dithiocarbamates are methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), ethylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), isobutyl disulfide -2,2'-bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), dibutyl-N,N-dibutyldithiocarbamic acid succinate, 2-hydroxypropyldibutyl Thiocarbamate, butyl (dibutyldithiocarbamate) acetate and S-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl-N,N-dibutyldithiocarbamate.
  • the most commonly used ashless dithiocarbamate is methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
  • Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is also used in lubricating oil additives and has the following chemical structure:
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are each independently a linear or branched C 1 to C 24 alkyl group, a hetero atom-substituted alkyl group or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
  • ZDDP has good anti-wear and oxidation resistance and has been tested by cam wear, such as Seq. IVA and TU3 wear tests.
  • Types of general purpose ZDDP include primary, secondary, and primary and secondary hybrid ZDDP.
  • organic molybdenum compound used for the friction modifier exhibits an antioxidant property.
  • the organic molybdenum compound friction modifier is described in detail in the friction modifier section and will not be described here.
  • the various antioxidants described in this section may be used in the form of a single dose or in the form of their compounding agents, and the proportion of the various antioxidants in the compounding agent may be arbitrary.
  • the specific amount of phenolic compounds, amine compounds, sulfur-containing and molybdenum-containing additives as antioxidants, and how they can be used together can be used according to the general reference usage; or can be determined by engine testing.
  • Detergents are metal salts of organic acids.
  • Organic acids used in the synthesis of detergents include aryl sulfonic acids, alkyl phenols, carboxylic acids, alkenylphosphonic acids, and alkenylthiophosphonic acids.
  • the arylsulfonic acid is an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid or an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • the carboxylic acid is an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a naphthenic acid or a petroleum ether oxide. In many cases, mixtures of these acids are also used in the reaction to prepare detergents. These acids react with inorganic bases, such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, to form the corresponding salt products.
  • these inorganic bases may be reacted with these organic acids at a stoichiometric ratio or more.
  • Neutral salt products are obtained by stoichiometric reaction and are often referred to as neutral detergents or soaps.
  • the prepared detergent is called alkaline, highly alkaline.
  • alkaline detergents exist as clear homogeneous fluids, as do neutral detergents.
  • the amount of inorganic base is presented in the form of micelles.
  • the general chemical formulas of metal sulfonates, metal phenates and metal carbonates are shown below.
  • the excess alkali in the alkaline detergent may be present in the form of a metal hydroxide, a metal carbonate, or both.
  • x and y in the chemical formula of Table 1 above are 0.
  • x may be 0, y may be a small value, or both x and y are small values.
  • the overbased detergent contains a large amount of carbonate as a source of alternate alkali; that is, in this case, the value of y is small and the value of x is large.
  • the x value is as high as 20, or this value is greater.
  • the alkalinity of the alkaline detergent containing hydroxide is generally lower than the basicity of the alkaline detergent containing the metal carbonate.
  • Dispersing agents include, but are not limited to, oil-soluble hydrocarbon polymers containing functional groups capable of interacting with particles containing metal elements, whereby the particles are dispersed by these polymers.
  • Typical dispersants comprise polar structural units such as amino groups, hydroxyl groups, amide groups, or lipids, which are attached to the polymer molecular chain backbone via a linking group.
  • the dispersant in the finished lubricating oil may be selected from the group consisting of Mannich dispersants, ashless succinimide derivative dispersants, amine dispersants, Koch dispersants, and polyolefin succinimide dispersants.
  • dispersants suspend lubricating oil deposits in oil in several ways:
  • the deposit polar precursor is dispersed into the micelle formed by the dispersant.
  • the dispersing agent suspends these aggregates in the body of the lubricating oil.
  • the dispersant does not contain a metal element; however, the detergent contains a metal element such as magnesium, calcium, and sometimes strontium. This means that the burning detergent will have ash formation but the dispersant will not burn to form ash.
  • the dispersing agent has weak or no neutralizing ability to the acid, but the detergent has a neutralizing ability to the acid.
  • the dispersant is either not alkaline like an ester dispersant or has a weak basicity like an amide/imide dispersant.
  • the amide/imide dispersant has a weak basicity because of the presence of an amine functional group, and the amine has a weak basicity and thus has a weak acid neutralization ability.
  • detergents especially alkaline detergents, contain a stock metal base such as a metal hydroxide and a metal carbonate. These are strong bases that neutralize inorganic acids produced by combustion, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, as well as organic acids produced by oxidation.
  • the dispersant generally has a higher molecular weight, and the molecular weight of the dispersant is 4 to 15 times higher than the molecular weight of the organic portion of the detergent. For this reason, dispersants generally have a more effective suspension cleaning capability than detergents for lubricating oil deposits.
  • FM Organic friction modifiers
  • polar end groups are an important factor in determining the effectiveness of friction modifiers. Chemically, it contains friction modifiers from the following categories:
  • a carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof for example, oleic acid and a lipid derivative thereof.
  • Organic polymers such as polymethacrylate.
  • the sulfur-free organic molybdenum compound can be used as a supplementary friction modifier, and these friction modifiers can be prepared by reacting a sulfur-free molybdenum raw material with an organic compound containing an amine group and/or a hydroxyl group.
  • the sulfur-free molybdenum feedstock includes, but is not limited to, molybdenum trioxide, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, and potassium molybdate.
  • Amine group-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, monoamines, diamines or polyamines.
  • Hydroxyl-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, monosubstituted alcohols, diols or bridged diols, or polyhydric alcohols.
  • the product of the reaction of the diamine with the fatty oil contains an amine group and an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and the reaction product can be further reacted with a sulfur-free molybdenum raw material to prepare a corresponding organic molybdenum friction modifier.
  • the chemical structure of the organic molybdenum friction modifier prepared by the reaction of fatty oil, diethanolamine and molybdenum raw materials is often represented by the following chemical structure, wherein R 15 and R 16 are the same or different aliphatic alkyl chains.
  • the organic molybdenum compound obtained by the actual reaction has a complicated structure, and its exact composition may not be clear, and may be a multi-component mixture of various organic molybdenum compounds.
  • Sulfur-containing organomolybdenum compounds can be prepared by a variety of methods.
  • One method is to prepare a molybdenum raw material containing no sulfur phosphorus, and reacting with one or more raw materials containing an amine group and containing sulfur.
  • Sulfur-containing feedstocks include, but are not limited to, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfide, and sulfur.
  • the sulfur-containing organomolybdenum compound can be prepared by reacting a sulfur-containing molybdenum raw material with a compound containing an amine group or a thiuram group.
  • R 17 , R 18 , R 19 and R 20 are each independently a linear or branched C 1 to C 24 alkyl group, a hetero atom substituted An alkyl or alkyl substituted aryl group.
  • molybdenum trioxide can be used to prepare molybdenum dithiocarbamate with a secondary amine or carbon disulfide.
  • (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .nH 2 O is reacted with a trialkyl thiuram disulfide to prepare a tricyclic sulfur-containing dithiocarbamate molybdenum, wherein n is between 0 and 2 .
  • the molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound can be described by the following chemical structure:
  • R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are the same or different are an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and X is O or S.
  • Glycerides can also be used alone or in combination with other friction modifiers.
  • the appropriate glyceride chemical structure is as follows:
  • R 25 , R 26 and R 27 independently contain a hydrogen atom or a C(O)R' structural unit, wherein R' may be a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • glycerides include, but are not limited to, glycerol monolaurate, glyceryl monotetradecanoate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, and from coconut oleic acid, tallow acid, oleic acid , a monoglyceride derived from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the use of these glycerides has no side effects on the use of the organic molybdenum compound, and actually has a large promoting effect.
  • any ratio of monoglycerides and diglycerides can be used. Nonetheless, the free hydroxyl group in the glycerolipid preferably remains between 30% and 70% (that is, 30% to 70% of the R groups in the above chemical formula are hydrogen atoms).
  • the preferred glyceride is a mixed glyceride which is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides formed by the reaction of oleic acid with glycerol.
  • Corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, hydrazines, carboxylic acid derivatives, silicate derivatives, sulfonates, amines, amine carboxylic acid derivatives, boric acid esters, amino boronic acid esters, phosphate esters, phosphoramidates. , imidazoles, imidazolines, thiazoles, triazoles and benzotriazoles, and the like.
  • the viscosity index improver imparts suitable operability to the lubricating oil in both high temperature and low temperature environments. Viscosity index improvers are commonly used in automatic transmission oils and multi-purpose tractor oils. The viscosity index improver can be single function and may be multifunctional. Some viscosity index improver formulations are also used to reduce the pour point of lubricating oils, such as polyalkyl acrylate polymers, while improving the viscosity index of the lubricating oil. Viscosity index improvers are also widely used as dispersants.
  • viscosity index improvers including polymethacrylates and their derivatives (PMAs), poly(ethylene-co-propylene) copolymers and their modified derivatives (OCPs), hydrogenated poly( Styrene-butadiene) or poly(styrene-co-isopropene) and their derivatives (HSD, SIP), esterified poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SPE), PMAs and OCPs Concentrated compatible blends.
  • PMAs polymethacrylates and their derivatives
  • OCPs modified derivatives
  • HSD hydrogenated poly( Styrene-butadiene) or poly(styrene-co-isopropene) and their derivatives
  • SPE esterified poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)
  • PMAs and OCPs Concentrated compatible blends. The brief chemical structure of these systems is shown below.
  • demulsifiers are often used in lubricating oils.
  • Some demulsifiers can be prepared by the addition reaction of olefin oxides with bisepoxides and polyols.
  • the effective amount of the demulsifier should not exceed 0.1% by weight.
  • the amount of the demulsifier used is between 0.001% by weight and 0.05% by weight.
  • Pour point depressants also known as low temperature flow improvers for lubricating oils. Pour point depressants are used to reduce the minimum flow temperature of the fluid. Common improved low temperature fluidity of the fluid additives include, but are not limited to C 8 -C 18 dialkyl-substituted fumaric acid / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyalkyl methacrylate and the like.
  • Defoamers control the foam content of the lubricating oil by reducing the interface/surface tension.
  • Commonly used antifoaming agents include, but are not limited to, polysiloxanes, polyalkyl acrylates, long chain alkyl polysiloxanes, and the like.
  • Sealing swelling agents include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfone derivatives, dicarboxylate derivatives (DBE), sorbitan diester derivatives, and the like.
  • the lubricating oil compounding agent of the present invention further comprises an inert solvent which can be brought into the lubricating oil compounding agent of the embodiment of the present invention with the dilution of the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the present invention as described above.
  • the inert solvent is generally present in the lubricating oil compounding agent of the present invention in an amount between 0% and 99%.
  • the inert solvent may be at least one of a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base, a Group IV base oil, and a Group V base oil.
  • the above-described lubricating oil compounding agent of the embodiment of the present invention contains the lubricating oil anti-wear agent of the embodiment of the present invention, so that the anti-wear agent in the lubricating oil compounding agent can be uniformly dispersed, and after being added to the base oil, It imparts excellent properties such as abrasion resistance and thermal stability to lubricating oils.
  • an additive package is formed, which facilitates the adjustment of the base oil.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a lubricating oil, also referred to as a fully-matched lubricating oil.
  • the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the present invention includes a base oil and an additive dispersed in the base oil.
  • the additive includes the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above.
  • the additive comprises a lubricating oil antiwear agent prepared by the method of preparing a lubricating oil antiwear agent as set forth in the appended claims.
  • the additive is the lubricating oil compounding agent described above, and therefore, it is a matter of course in this embodiment to include the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above or the lubricating oil described above.
  • the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the present invention contains the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above, the anti-wear agent in the lubricating oil can be well dispersed, and the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the invention has excellent lubricating effect and is reduced. Friction and wear during the moving work of the moving parts. Moreover, it has high temperature resistance, which avoids the high temperature degradation of the existing organic antiwear agent to a certain extent, and causes the environmental hazard of phosphorus and sulfur, and also avoids the tail gas conversion catalyst of the existing organophosphorus antiwear agent due to degradation. Poisoning phenomenon.
  • the layered metal phosphate nanosheets subjected to the intercalation reaction described above are preferably subjected to a hydrocarbon amine compound by controlling the amount of the lubricating oil antiwear agent or the lubricating oil compounding agent of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the intercalation reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheet is contained in the lubricating oil in an amount of from 0.001% by weight to 10.0% by weight, preferably from 0.001% by weight to 8.0% by weight.
  • any of the foregoing lubricating oil additives in the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the present invention are added to the lubricating base oil, and it is necessary to determine a most effective addition amount, which is effective for different lubricating oil additives. It can be very different. However, in general, the amount of each additive added is rarely more than 20% by weight of the total mass of the fully formulated lubricating oil. In some embodiments, the amount of each may be added from 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight. between. While in some other specific examples, each additive may be added in an amount between 0.01% and 10% by weight.
  • the intercalated reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheet in the lubricating oil antiwear agent of the embodiment of the present invention provided above preferably the layered metal phosphate nanoparticle intercalated by the hydrocarbon amine compound
  • the sheet is an inorganic-organic hybrid intercalated metal phosphate nanosheet (that is, the layered metal phosphate nanosheet intercalation product in Table 4) is directly added as an extreme pressure antiwear agent or the lubricating oil of the above invention is antiwear Agent Preparation Method
  • the final intercalation reaction mixture is added directly to the base oil.
  • the specific amount of addition in the finished full-form lubricant is not limited. In general, when used as a lubricating oil additive, the amount added is between 0.001% by weight and 10% by weight.
  • Dispersant 0.5-5.0 1.0-2.5 Antioxidant 0-5.0 0.01-3.0 Metal detergent 0.1-15.0 0.2-8.0 Corrosion inhibitor 0-5.0 0-2.0 Metal dialkyl substituted dithiophosphate 0.1-6.0 0.1-4.0 Defoamer 0-5.0 0.001-0.15 Friction modifier 0-5.0 0-2.0 Supplementary solid anti-wear film former 0-1.0 0-0.8 Pour point depressant 0.01-5.0 0.01-1.5 Viscosity index improver 0.01-10.00 0.25-7.0 Demulsifier 0.001-0.1 0.001-0.05 Layered metal phosphate nanosheet intercalation product 0.0001-10.0 0.001-3.0 Base oil balance balance total weight 100 100
  • the base oil in the lubricating oil of the above-described embodiment of the present invention includes any of a fully synthetic base oil or a natural fat or a mixture thereof.
  • the fully synthetic base oils include alkyl dicarboxylates, polyether polyols, polyalphaolefins, organic phosphate esters, silicone oils, olefin oxidized polymers, natural gas synthetic oils, and the like.
  • Natural oils include mineral animal fats and vegetable oils (such as castor oil, lard), liquefied mineral oil, acidified paraffinic mineral oil, acidified naphthyl mineral oil, or paraffin/naphthyl mixed mineral oil. Oils derived from coal and shale are also a useful lubricating base oil.
  • Lubricating base oils typically have a kinematic viscosity between 2.5 cSt and 15 cSt. In actual use, a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity of between 2.5 cSt and 15 cSt is preferably used at 100 °C.
  • Lubricating base oils include crankcase lubricants commonly used in spark-ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engine engines, including passenger car engines, truck engines, diesel engines for water and railway applications, and the like. These lubricating base oils are often classified into Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV and Group V base oils. The specific classification information is shown in Table 5 below.
  • the *IV base oil in Table 5 is defined as polyalphaolefin; **V base oil is defined as base oils other than Class I, II, III, and IV, including natural gas synthetic oils.
  • Arrhenius model For determining the viscosity of a lubricating base oil, it can be estimated by a calculation model.
  • Five computational models are often used to estimate the viscosity of lubricating base oils formulated with different components: Arrhenius model, Walther model, Kendall-Monroe model, Bingham model, and Cragoe model.
  • the Arrhenius model is suitable for this case when the viscosity difference between the different components of the lubricating base oil is large; when the lubricating base oil exhibits non-Newtonian fluid properties, the Walther model is not suitable for this case;
  • the American Petroleum Institute (API) recommends that when the composition of the lubricating base oil is similar and has a similar molecular weight, especially the components are hydrocarbons and the product oil is mixed under low pressure.
  • the Kendall-Monroe model is suitable for this case, and therefore the Kendall-Monroe model has a narrow application range; the Bingham model is based on an ideal solution, so there is a large error in calculating the viscosity of the mixed lubricating base oil;
  • the Cragoe model is an empirical model. In practice, these models are only preliminary estimates. They are only used as a reference guide for formulating lubricating base oils. The specific viscosity values of lubricating base oils need to be obtained through instrument testing.
  • the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the present invention has a wide range of applications.
  • the lubricant formulation preferably meets or exceeds the API-CI-4 standard or the ILSAC GF-5A standard.
  • the foregoing lubricating oil formulations that meet the API-CI-4 standard or the ILSAC GF-5A standard include base oils, DI additive packages, and/or viscosity index improvers.
  • the lubricating base oil in the information disclosure of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of natural lubricating oils, fully synthetic lubricating oils, or mixtures thereof. These base oils include crankcase lubricating oils for internal combustion engines commonly used for ignition/compression ignition, such as car and truck engines, marine and marine internal combustion engines, and the like.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a lubricating surface containing lubricating oil.
  • the lubricating oil on the surface to be lubricated is the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the invention described above, and therefore, it is a matter of course that the lubricated surface contains the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above or is lubricated as described above.
  • the lubricating oil anti-wear agent prepared by the oil anti-wear agent preparation method must also contain the intercalated reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheet described above, preferably subjected to an intercalation reaction treatment with a hydrocarbon amine compound. Layered metal phosphate nanosheets.
  • the surface to be lubricated has a small coefficient of friction and a small frictional wear.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a launching and transmission system.
  • the surface of the moving part of the starting and transmission system is a lubricating surface containing lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil on the lubricated surface is the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the invention described above, and therefore, of course, the lubricated
  • the surface contains the lubricating oil anti-wear agent described above or the lubricating oil anti-wear agent prepared by the above-mentioned lubricating oil anti-wear agent preparation method, and of course, also contains the intercalation reaction-treated layer described above.
  • the surface to be lubricated has a small coefficient of friction and a small frictional wear.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a vehicle including a power system and a powertrain system, the power system and/or the powertrain system including a moving component,
  • the surface of the moving part comprises a lubricating surface of the lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil on the lubricated surface is the lubricating oil of the embodiment of the invention described above, and therefore, it is a matter of course that the lubricated surface contains the above Lubricating oil anti-wear agent or lubricating oil anti-wear agent prepared by the above-mentioned lubricating oil anti-wear agent preparation method, of course, must also contain the intercalated reaction-treated layered metal phosphate nanosheet described above, Preferred layered metal phosphate nanosheets subjected to intercalation treatment with a hydrocarbon amine compound.
  • the surface to be lubricated has a small coefficient of friction and a small frictional wear.
  • the powertrain includes an engine, and suitable engine types may include, but are not limited to, a heavy duty diesel engine, a passenger car, a light diesel engine, a medium speed diesel engine, or a marine engine.
  • An internal combustion engine belonging to the engine may be a diesel fuel engine, a gasoline fuel engine, a natural gas fuel engine, a biofuel engine, a hybrid diesel/biofuel engine, a mixed gasoline/biofuel engine, an ethanol fuel engine, a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuel engine, A compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel engine, or a combination thereof.
  • Internal combustion engines can also be used in conjunction with electrical or battery power.
  • the engine thus configured is often referred to as a hybrid engine.
  • the internal combustion engine can be a 2-stroke, 4-stroke, or rotary cylinder engine.
  • Suitable internal combustion engines suitable for use in the present embodiment include marine diesel engines, aviation piston engines, low load diesel engines, and motorcycle, automotive, locomotive, and truck engines.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a lubricating oil antiwear agent comprising oleamide intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nanosheets.
  • the preparation method of the oleyl intercalated ⁇ -zirconium phosphate nano is as follows:
  • ⁇ -ZrP (3M) prepared in the step S01 (having a particle diameter of about 100 nm, as shown in Fig. X; a solid powder density of about 2.72 g.cm -3 , a molecular weight of 301.19 g / Mol.) was mixed with 16.0 g of oleic acid amine (density of about 0.81 g/ml, molecular weight: 267.49 g/mol). The resulting mixture was then sonicated and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonication. The XRD comparative spectrum of the obtained intercalated product and the original layered ZrP nanosheet is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an antiwear agent comprising a mixed amine intercalated alpha-zirconium phosphate nanosheet.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • a 500 ml glass bottle first, 150 g of oleic acid amine, 50 g of cetyl primary amine, 50 g of octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, 50 g of tetradecyl dimethyl tertiary amine are heated and mixed uniformly. Then 20 g of ⁇ -ZrP was added. The resulting mixture was then sonicated and dispersed uniformly by ultrasonication to obtain a viscous or creamy white mixture, which was the prepared antiwear agent. (The mass ratio of ZrP to amine is 1:15)
  • This embodiment provides a composite agent of lubricating oil, and the specific components are the additive components in Table 6.
  • This example provides a lubricating oil based on a 5W/30 base formula oil comprising the components described in Table 7 below.
  • the hydrocarbon amine intercalated layered metal phosphate nanosheets (added as the intercalation reaction mixture) provided in the above Example 2 were separately added to the 5W/30 base formula oil to form a lubricating oil, respectively.
  • the hydrocarbon amine intercalated layered metal phosphate nanosheets were controlled to account for 0.1% and 0.2% of the total mass of the finished lubricating oil.
  • the hydrocarbon amine intercalated layered metal phosphate nanosheet is added to the 5W/30 base formula oil and stirred at a temperature of about 60 ° C until it is uniformly dispersed.
  • test results show that the wear depth Z and the wear spot size of the finished product containing the ⁇ -ZrP-oleylamine intercalation product prepared in Example 2 added to the 5W/30 fully formulated lubricating oil are significantly smaller than that of the commercial lubricating oil.
  • the addition of the base oil to the finished lubricating oil by the lubricating oil anti-wear agent provided according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively improve the anti-wear performance of the lubricating oil.

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Abstract

一种润滑油抗磨剂和润滑油复合剂以及润滑油。润滑油抗磨剂包括插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。润滑油复合剂含有润滑油抗磨剂，润滑油含有润滑油抗磨剂或润滑油复合剂。润滑油抗磨剂和润滑油复合剂以及润滑油能够有效减少摩擦和磨损。

Description

润滑油抗磨剂、润滑油复合剂、润滑油和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及精细化工技术领域，具体的涉及一种润滑油抗磨剂、含有所述润滑油抗磨剂的润滑油复合剂和含有所述润滑油抗磨剂或润滑油复合剂的润滑油，以及润滑油的应用。
背景技术
随着人们对环保和机动性能的要求越来越高，机动交通工具如客车和重型柴油机中使用的润滑油多年来一直在变。今天的发动机设计比过去更强有力地运行。为了减小移动部件之间的磨损，已将各种添加剂加入到润滑剂制剂。
全配方润滑油中包含大量添加剂成分，包括但不仅限于沉积物控制添加剂、成膜添加剂、抗磨添加剂、极压添加剂、消泡剂、缓蚀剂、防锈添加剂、金属减活添加剂、密封膨胀剂、降凝剂和粘度指数改善添加剂。
当前提升燃油经济性的主要方法是使用更低粘度等级的润滑油。虽然使用低粘度润滑油可以极大的提升燃油经济性，但是这类润滑油也可能会增加机械磨损。为了降低机械磨损，在一定程度上可以使用抗磨剂减少机械磨损。
目前商品抗磨剂中主要是有机含磷摩擦磨损改进剂。其中，二烷基二硫代磷酸锌盐(zinc dialkyldithiolphosphate，ZDDP)是广泛使用的有机含磷摩擦磨损改进剂，已在润滑油中使用多年，ZDDP也具有良好的抗磨性能并被用来通过凸轮磨损试脸，例如SeqIVA和TU3磨损试验。很多专利涉及ZDDP的制造和应用。
现有抗磨剂也会使用有机含硫抗磨损剂，包括二烃基多硫化物、硫化烯烃、硫化的天然和合成来源的脂肪酸酯、三硫酮、硫化的噻吩衍生物，硫化萜烯，硫化多烯，硫化的Diets-Alder加成物等，具体的实例包括硫化异丁烯，硫化二异丁烯，硫化三异丁烯，二环己基多硫化物，二苯基多硫化物，二芐基多硫化物，二壬基多硫化物，以及二叔丁基多硫化物的混合物，例如二叔丁基三硫化物、二叔丁基四硫化物和二叔丁基五硫化物的混合物。
上述有机含磷摩擦磨损改进剂或有机含硫抗磨损剂虽被普遍被使用的抗磨添加剂，但该类有机含磷摩擦磨损改进剂具有一个或多个以下缺点：
导致成品润滑油中硫和/或磷含量增加；不能承受太高的温度，其分解产物中的磷会使尾气转化催化剂中毒；有机含磷摩擦磨损改进剂和有机含硫抗磨损剂对燃油经济性的提升仍然是非常有限的等。
随着能源资源的不断消耗与更严厉的环境法规出台，国际润滑剂标准化及认证委员会新一代标准ILSAC GF-6A/6B可能把润滑油中的如含磷量限制在<0.06％wt范围内，对硫含量的标准也会提高，这一要求对开发新一代润滑油提出了更苛刻的要求。因此，需要开发新的润滑油添加剂，使它具有优异的抗磨性能，并且具有良好的安全环保性。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术缺陷，提供一种润滑油抗磨剂和含有所述润滑油抗磨剂的润滑油复合剂，以解决现有有机抗磨剂会导致润滑油中硫或/和磷含量偏高，热稳定性差，抗磨性有限的技术问题。
本发明的另一目的在于克服上述现有技术缺陷，提供一种润滑油，以解决现有润滑油由于使用有机含磷抗磨剂或有机含硫抗磨剂而导致的硫和/或磷含量增加，高温抗磨性能不稳定，且抗磨性能有限的技术问题。
本发明的又一目的在于克服上述现有技术缺陷，提供一种被润滑的表面、发动机传动系统和交通工具，以解决现有具有摩擦的表面由于使用现有有机含磷抗磨剂或有机含硫抗磨剂的润滑油而导致摩擦表面被磨损等技术问题。
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例一方面，提供了一种润滑油抗磨剂。所述润滑油抗磨剂包括插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。
优选地，所述润滑油抗磨剂包括由烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。
优选地，所述烃胺化合物为伯胺化合物、仲胺化合物、叔胺化合物、环状胺化合物中的一种或两种以上。
优选地，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片中的金属元素为过渡金属元素。
具体地，所述过渡金属元素为ⅣB族过渡金属元素。
优选地，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片选用层状磷酸锆纳米片、层状磷酸钛纳米片、层状磷酸铪纳米片、层状磷酸钛锆纳米片中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述润滑油抗磨剂还包括烃胺化合物，所述烃胺化合物含量为5％wt-95％wt，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片含量为5％wt-95％wt。
相应地，本发明实施例的另一方面，提供了一种润滑油复合剂。所述润滑油复合剂包含抗磨剂和其它添加剂以及0％wt-99％wt的惰性溶剂，其中，所述抗磨剂为本发明实施例所述的润滑油抗磨剂。
优选地，所述惰性溶剂选用I类基础油、II类基础油、III类基础、IV类基础油和V类基础油中的至少一种。
优选地，所述其它添加剂包括清静剂、摩擦改进剂、密封膨胀剂、抗氧剂、消泡剂、润滑剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、去乳化剂、粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂、分散剂、成膜剂、中的至少一种。
相应地，作为本发明实施例的再一方面，提供了一种润滑油。所述润滑油包括基础油和分散至基础油中的添加剂，所述添加剂包括本发明实施例所述的润滑油抗磨剂，或所述添加剂为本发明实施例所述的润滑油复合剂。
优选地，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在所述润滑油中的含量为0.001％wt-10.0％wt。
进一步优选地，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在所述润滑油中的含量为0.001％wt-8.0％wt。
相应地，作为本发明实施例的另一方面，提供了一种包含润滑油的润滑表面，其中，所述润滑油为本发明实施例所述的润滑油。
作为本发明实施例的另一方面，提供了一种含本发明实施例所述包含润滑油的润滑表面的发动机传动系统。
作为本发明实施例的另一方面，提供了一种交通工具，所述交通工具具有移动部件并且包含用于使移动部件润滑的润滑油，所述润滑油为本发明实施例所述的润滑油。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂以无机层状金属磷酸盐纳米片为本体，并对其进行插层反应处理，使得插层剂能够进入无机金属磷酸盐纳米片的片层之间，从而赋予插层后的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片具有优异的抗磨特性，能够在稀释剂或者基础油中被均匀分散。同时还具有优异的热稳定性能，在高温不发生降解，对环境友好，基于此特性，本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂对尾气转化催化剂系统毒副作用小，还能催化燃烧室中产生的CO生成CO2。
优选地，采用烃胺化合物对无机金属磷酸盐纳米片的片层之间进行插层，使得烃胺进入无机金属磷酸盐纳米片的片层之间，从而使得无机-有机杂化插层金属磷酸盐纳米片具有优异的抗磨特性，能够在稀释剂或者基础油中被均匀分散。同时还具有优异的热稳定性能，在高温不发生降解，对环境友好。
有益效果
本发明实施例润滑油复合剂由于含有本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂，因此，该润滑油复合剂中的抗磨剂能够被均匀分散，其被添加至基础油中后，能赋予润滑油优异的抗磨性。
本发明实施例润滑油由于含有本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂或本发明实施例润滑油复合剂，因此，该润滑油具有优异的抗磨性能，耐高温，对环境友好，所含的抗磨剂能够均匀分散，同时对尾气转化催化剂系统毒副作用小，被带入燃烧室中还能催化CO生成CO2。
本发明实施例润滑表面、发动机传动系统和交通工具由于采用本发明实施例润滑油对需要润滑的部件进行润滑，从而有效降低了摩擦磨损。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1为本发明实施例1制备的原生ZrP纳米配片与油胺插层的ZrP纳米片XRD图谱对比图；
图2为本发明实施例进行摩擦学测试所用的四球法测试简图；
图3为图2所示的测试小球在本发明实施6中由实施例1提供油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片加入5W/30基础配方油所配制的成品润滑油(0.1％和0.2％的油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片含量)和对比实施例1的不同润滑体系中摩擦系数随时间变化的关系曲线对比图；
图4为图2所示的测试小球在本发明实施6中由实施例1提供油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片加入5W/30基础配方油所配制的成品润滑油(0.1％和0.2％的油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片含量)和5W/30基础配方油以及对比实施例1的不同润滑体系中磨斑深度随时间变化的关系曲线对比图；
图5为图2所示的测试小球在5W/30基础配方油中测试结束后的磨斑图；
图6为图2所示的测试小球在对比实施例提供市售商品全配方油中测试结束后的磨斑图；
图7为图2所示的测试小球在“5W/30基础配方油+0.1％wt ZrP-胺混合物”中测试结束后的磨斑图；
图8为图2所示的测试小球在“5W/30基础配方油+0.2％wt ZrP-胺混合物”中测试结束后的磨斑图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明作进一步详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。
一.本发明实施例的相关术语。
关于示例性的实施方式，提供下列术语的定义以澄清用于本文中的某些术语的含义。
应注意，如在此和所附权利要求中使用的，单数形式“一种”、“一个”和“该”包括复数指示物，除非上下文另外清楚地指明。此外，术语“一种”(或“一个”)，“一种或多种”和“至少一种”在此可以互换使用。术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”和“由……构成”也可以互换使用。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。
应理解，在此公开的各个组分、化合物、取代基或参数应如所公开的解释为单独使用，或与在此公开的各个和每一个其它组分、化合物、取代基或参数结合使用。
还应理解，为了本说明书的目的，在此公开的各个组分、化合物、取代基或参数的量/值的各个量/值或范围也应如所公开的解释为与在此公开的任何其它一种或多种组分、一种或多种化合物、一种或多种取代基，或一种或多种参数所公开的量/值的各个量/值或范围结合，以及在此公开的两种或多种组分、化合物、取代基或参数的量/值的量/值或范围的任何组合因此也与彼此结合公开。
关于包含主要量的基础油加上次要量的添加剂包物的最终的润滑产品，术语“油组合物”、“润滑组合物”、“润滑油组合物”、“润滑油”、“润滑剂组合物”、“润滑组合物”、“充分配制的润滑剂组合物”和“润滑剂”应认为是同义的、可完全互换的术语。
关于包含主要量的基础油加上次要量的添加剂包物的最终的发动机、传动器或曲轴箱润滑油产品，术语“曲轴箱润滑油”、“曲轴箱润滑剂”、“机油”、“发动机润滑剂”、“传动器油”和“润滑剂”应认为是同义的、可完全互换的术语。
关于不包括主要量的基础油备料的润滑组合物部分，如在此使用的，术语“添加剂包”、“添加剂浓缩物”“复合剂”和“添加剂包物”应认为是同义的、可完全互换的术语。添加剂包可以包括或可以不包括粘度指数改进剂或倾点下降剂。
关于短语“碳氢化合物可溶性”、“油溶性”、或者“可分散的”并不表明化合物是可溶的、可溶解的、互溶的、或者能被碳氢化合物或油在任何比例下悬浮。这些词语意在表明这些化合物在润滑油介质中可溶或者可以稳定的分散到能够使其在使用环境中发挥预期效果。进一步地，这些短语意在表明当增加其它添加剂在润滑油介质中的含量时候，允许在润滑油介质中增加某一种特定添加的含量。
“碳氢化合物”指任意一种化合物包含了碳原子、氢原子、和/或者氧原子的化合物。短语"烃基"是官能团中包含了直接连接分子其余部分的碳原子，并且整个基团具备碳氢化合物的主要性质。烃 基包括：
(1)碳氢化合物取代基，那就是脂肪族取代基(例如烷基或者烯基)，脂环族取代基(例如环烷基或者环烯基)，芳环取代的、脂肪族取代的、脂环族取代的芳香族取代基，以及其它分子一部分结构构成的环状取代基(例如两个取代基形成脂肪族-脂环族残基)；
(2)取代的碳氢化化合物取代基，那就是，取代基包含了非碳氢化合物基团；那就是，在本发明的描述背景下，这些非碳氢取代基没有改变碳氢化合物取代基的绝大多数特征(例如卤素(特别是氯代和氟代)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和磺酰基等等；
(3)杂环取代基，那就是，取代基具备绝大数多数碳氢化合物特征的同时，在本发明的描述背景下，在分子链或者分子环山包含了除碳原子以外的杂原子。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮等等，以及包含了吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基等等。总的来讲，这一类烃基是指在碳氢基团每十个碳原子中出现不超过两种、进一步不超过一种非碳氢取代基的基团。
在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
二.本发明实施例技术详细说明。
为了说明的目的，本公开内容的原理通过参考各个示例性实施方案来描述。虽然在此特别描述了某些实施方案，但是本领域技术人员将容易认识到相同原理同样适用于其它系统和方法，并且可以在其它系统和方法中使用。在详细解释公开的实施方案之前，应理解该公开内容并不将其应用限制在所示任何特定实施方案的细节。另外，在此使用的术语是为了说明的目的，并且不具有限制性。此外，虽然根据在此以一定顺序给出的步骤描述了某些方法，但是在许多场合下，这些步骤可以以本领域技术人员可理解的任何顺序执行；新的方法因此并不限于在此公开的步骤的特定排列。
在一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种具有优异抗磨特性和分散性的润滑油抗磨剂。在一实施例中，该润滑油抗磨剂包括经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。由于无机层状金属磷酸盐纳米片被插层反应处理后，使得插层剂能够进入无机金属磷酸盐纳米片的片层之间，从而赋予插层后的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片具有优异的抗磨特性，能够在稀释剂或者基础油中被均匀分散。同时还具有优异的热稳定性能，在高温不发生降解，对环境友好，这样，本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂对尾气转化催化剂系统毒副作用小，还能催化燃烧室中产生的CO生成CO2。
在一实施例中，所述无机层状金属磷酸盐纳米片是采用烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理。也即是层状金属磷酸盐纳米片为烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。在具体实施例中，该由烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片是以层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机磷化合物其作为本体，在单个片颗粒中，微观上说其具有多层层状结构。而烃胺化合物则是通过插层反应插接在无机磷化合物的片层结构之中，最终形成无机-有机杂化插层材料。
在一实施例中，所述经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即所述的无机-有机杂化插层材料中，作为本体的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片中的金属元素为过渡金属元素，也即是，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片选用层状过渡金属磷酸盐纳米片，以提高插层材料如无机-有机杂化插层材料的耐磨性。进一步地，该过渡金属为ⅣB族过渡金属，在一些具体实施例中，该ⅣB族过渡金属选用锆、钛、铪或它们的合金。因此，在一些具体实施例中，该层状过渡金属磷酸盐纳米片选用层状磷酸锆纳米片、层状磷酸钛纳米片、层状磷酸铪纳米片、层状磷酸钛锆纳米片中的至少一种。
在另一些具体实施例中，层状金属磷酸盐纳米片具体的如层状过渡金属磷酸盐纳米片的单个片颗粒形状可以为六角形、圆形或者无规则形状。另外，在一实施例中，控制层状金属磷酸盐纳米片具体的如层状过渡金属磷酸盐纳米片的单个片颗粒大小为小于4000纳米。这些层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的形状和大小直接决定了最终的所述无机-有机杂化插层材料的单个片颗粒形状和尺寸大小。
因此，通过对上述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的种类、单个片颗粒形状和大小等因素的调节和控制，以实现所述经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机-有机杂化插层材料的耐磨性、热稳定性和分散性能。
在上述所述无机层状金属磷酸盐纳米片是采用烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的实施例中，优选的所述烃胺化合物是用于对层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的插层改性，即通过烃胺和层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的增效作用，赋予本发明层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机-有机杂化插层材料的耐磨性、热稳定性和 分散性能。因此，在一实施例中，所述烃胺化合物为伯胺化合物、仲胺化合物、叔胺化合物、环状胺化合物中的一种或两种以上。
在进一步实施例中，所述烃胺化合物所含的烃基为饱和或不饱和烃基，所述烃基的碳链长度为3-24。
因此，在一些具体实施例中，所述伯胺化合物结构通式表示为R1NH2，其中，R1表示碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基，优选的表示碳链长度介于6到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基。R1表示的该碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃可以是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃基。该脂肪族烃基可以是直链或支链，脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃还可以是取代或被取代的，该“取代”或“被取代”的表示的是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃上的氢原子被其它非碳原子取代。
基于此，在具体实施例中，所述伯胺化合物可以是十六烷基胺、油胺、烯丙基胺、呋喃胺、芥酸胺等等。
在一些具体实施例中，所述仲胺化合物结构通式如下：
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000001
其中，R2、R3表示相同或不相同的碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基，优选的表示碳链长度介于6到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基。R2、R3表示表示的该碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃可以是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃基。该脂肪族烃基可以是直链或支链，脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃还可以是取代或被取代的，该“取代”或“被取代的”表示的是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃上的氢原子被其它非碳原子取代。
基于此，在具体实施例中，所述仲胺化合物可以是N,N'-二苯基对苯二胺、二壬基二苯胺和N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺等等。
在一些具体实施例中，所述叔胺化合物结构通式如下：
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000002
其中，R4、R5、R6表示相同或不相同的碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基，优选的表示碳链长度介于6到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃基。R4、R5、R6表示表示的该碳链长度介于3到24之间的不饱和或饱和的烃可以是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃基。该脂肪族烃基可以是直链或支链，脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃还可以是取代或被取代的，该“取代”或“被取代”的表示的是脂肪族烃基或者脂环族烃上的氢原子被其它非碳原子取代。
基于此，在具体实施例中，所述叔胺化合物可以是十四烷基二甲基叔胺、十六烷基二甲基叔胺、和十八烷基二甲基叔胺等等。
在另一实施例中，本发明实施例所述的润滑油抗磨剂还可以包括用于插层上文所述的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的上文所述烃胺化合物，也即是本发明实施例所述的润滑油抗磨剂包括上文所述的由烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机-有机杂化插层金属磷酸盐纳米片和胺化合物。所述胺化合物具体选用的实施例如上文所述，在此不再赘述。
进一步地，调节所述烃胺化合物在本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂中含量为5％wt-95％wt，调节所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片含量为5％wt-95％wt。在本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂中增设该烃胺化合物一方面对本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂的分散性有正面帮助，另一方面能有效避免采用是为采用烃胺化合物对层状金属磷酸盐纳米片插层反应后的洗涤除杂的步骤，这样有效降低本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂生产成本。
在又一实施例中，上述由烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机-有机杂化插层金属磷酸盐纳米片可以被惰性溶剂稀释，经稀释后，无机-有机杂化插层金属磷酸盐纳米片可以均匀分散。因此，本发明实施例所述的润滑油抗磨剂还可以包括惰性溶剂稀释。在具体实施例中，惰性溶剂为有机稀释剂，如I类基础油、II类基础油、III类基础、IV类基础油或者V类基础油中的至少一种。该惰性溶剂稀释的含量可以根据实际应用或生产的需要按照本领域技术人员能够掌握的 量进行添加。
由上所述，本发明实施例提供的润滑油抗磨剂以无机层状金属磷酸纳米盐为本体，采用插层剂优选如烃胺化合物对本体片层进行插层，并进入本体的片层之间，赋予本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂优异的抗磨特性和分散性以及热稳定性，对环境友好，而且所含的无机层状金属磷酸纳米盐还能对起到催化剂作用，将燃烧室中产生的CO催化生成CO2，降低有毒气体的排放。
基于上文所述的的润滑油抗磨剂，本发明实施例提供了本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂的一种制备方法。在一实施例中，该润滑油抗磨剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S01：将金属无机盐与浓磷酸于150℃-250℃下进行水热反应，制得层状金属磷酸盐纳米片；
步骤S02：将步骤S01制备的所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片与足量所述烃胺进行插层反应。
具体地，上述步骤S01采用水热法制备原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。在具体试验过程中发现，对水热反应的条件控制，如温度、时间以及反应物的比例等因素的控制，能影响生成的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的形貌和尺寸。为了获得有利于提高抗磨性和热稳定性的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，在一实施例中，水热反应过程中的所述金属无机盐与所述浓磷酸的用量摩尔比为1：(1.2-12.5)。在另一实施例中，优选控制所述水热反应的时间为24-72小时。
对于制备的原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的尺寸，可以通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy，TEM)扫描样品来确定，通常方法是直接测量视场下各个颗粒尺寸以及计算它们的平均尺寸。这些颗粒具备不同的尺寸，是由于晶粒团聚在一起或者黏合在一起。虽然如此，前述方法得到的原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片尺寸大体上都小于4000纳米。
经试验得知，该步骤S01制备的原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片具有一定的抗磨剂性能，如果不考虑分散性和优异的抗磨性能，其可以直接作为添加剂用于润滑油中。
上述步骤S02中，烃胺与步骤S01中制备的原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片进行擦层反应后，这些烃胺通过插层反应进入层状金属磷酸盐纳米片层间，形成无机-有机杂化插层材料，从而实现对原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片进行改性处理，以提高润滑油抗磨剂的抗磨性能、热稳定性和分散性能。该步骤中的烃胺化合物为上文所述的烃胺化合物。为了提高插层反应效果，在具体实施例中，所述插层反应的方法可以是加热热处理、超声波处理、机械搅拌中的至少一种。
本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂的制备方法一个优势在于，最终插层产物可以直接被使用，而不需要经过溶剂洗涤等方法进一步提纯。例如，不需要用石油醚进一步洗涤、提纯插层产物。插层产物在用于润滑油添加剂前，也不需要把没有反应完的烃胺化合物与纳米片插层产物分离。因此，前面提到的制备纳米片插层产物的方法，对于制备大量的纳米片插层产物是一个成本低、相对简洁易行的过程。
该步骤S02中的烃胺化合物优选是足量，即对层状金属磷酸盐纳米片进行充分的插层处理，以赋予制备的本发明润滑油抗磨剂具有优异的抗磨性能、分散性能和热稳定性能。在一实施例中，对于上述步骤S02插层反应后的产物中，无机层状磷酸盐纳米片固含量质量分数介于5％wt与95％wt之间，烃基胺质量分数介于5％wt与95％wt之间。在这些插层产物中可能包含了极少部分没有反应完全的原生层状金属磷酸盐纳米片与烃基胺，或者一些不需要的副产物。插层产物中这些没有完全反应的原料与副产物通常情况下含量都很少，经实验得知其对润滑油抗磨剂在润滑油配方中的性能没有明显影响。
在另一实施例中，可以采用上文所述的惰性溶剂对步骤S02中的插层反应产物或者混合物直接进行稀释处理。
另一方面，基于上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂，本发明实施例提供了一种润滑油复合剂，也可以称添加剂包。在一实施例中，该润滑油复合剂包含抗磨剂和其它添加剂。
其中，所述抗磨剂为上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂或由上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂。因此，为了节约篇幅，该抗磨剂不再赘述。
所述润滑油复合剂中所含的其它添加剂可以是润滑油领域常规的添加剂，在一实施例中，常常在浓缩复配剂中引入有效含量在1％到99％之间的添加剂，其余部分为复配油，这些复配油通常为矿物油或者其它合适的溶剂。常常这些浓缩复配剂直接加入全配方润滑油中。一般来讲，该些添加剂含有分散剂/抑制剂(DI)添加剂包、粘度指数改进剂等。粘度指数改进剂与DI添加剂包在全配方润滑油中的质量比介于0.01:1-50:1之间。在DI添加剂包中，一般包含了清静剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂、密封膨胀剂、抗氧剂、消泡剂、润滑剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、去乳化剂、粘度指数改进剂等等。本发明默认本领域的工程技术人员熟知这些添加剂、包括本发明中的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在润滑油中 的一般添加量。因此，在一实施例中，滑油复合剂所含的其它添加剂可以包括抗氧剂、清静剂、分散剂、摩擦改进剂、防锈剂/缓蚀剂、粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂、消泡剂(去乳化剂)、密封膨胀剂中的至少一种，还可以包含润滑剂、成膜剂等添加剂。
其中，抗氧剂：
抗氧剂用来减缓润滑油基础油在使用过程中的氧化失效过程，这类氧化失效可以通过氧化产物例如油泥或者漆状沉积物在金属表面的富集而被观察到，以及通过全配方润滑油粘度的增加而被观察到。润滑油抗氧剂包括位阻型酚类化合物、具有C5到C12烷基侧链的烷基苯酚硫代酯碱土金属盐、硫化处理或者非硫化处理的烷基酚金属盐。这些化合物包括钙基壬基酚硫化物、无灰油溶性酚盐、硫化酚盐、硫磷化处理或者硫化处理的碳氢衍生物、磷酸酯、金属硫代氨基甲酸酯，以及油溶性含铜化合物。
其它使用的抗氧剂可能包含立体位阻型酚类衍生物和二芳基胺衍生物、烷基吩噻嗪衍生物、硫化处理化合物、无灰二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯类衍生物。
立体位阻型酚类衍生物包括但不限制于2,6-二叔丁基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-1-甲基酚、4-乙基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-丙基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-丁基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-戊基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-己基-2，6-二叔丁基酚，4-己基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-庚基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-(2-乙基己基)-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-辛基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-壬基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-癸基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-十一烷基-2,6-二叔丁基酚、4-十二烷基-2,6-二叔丁基酚。亚甲基桥连的立体位阻型酚类包括但不限于4，4-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-o-甲酚)、4,4-亚甲基双(6-叔戊基-o-甲酚)、2,2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-o-6-叔丁基酚)、4,4-亚甲基双(2,6-叔丁基酚)以及它们的两种以上混合物。
二芳基胺衍生物抗氧剂包括，但不限制于具有如下化学结构的二芳基胺:
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000003
上式中R7和R8各自独立的为取代的或者非取代的芳基，这些芳基具有6到30个碳原子。这些芳基上的取代基包括具有1到30个碳原子的烃基、羟基、卤素残基、羧基或者羧酸酯、或者硝基等等。
芳基优选取代的或者非取代的苯基或者萘基，取代的芳基优选含有4到30个碳原子的烷基取代的芳基，进一步优选含有4到18个碳原子的烷基取代的芳基，再进一步优选4到9个碳原子的烷基取代的芳基。芳基优选取代的苯基和萘基，包括单烷基取代的二苯胺衍生物、二烷基取代的二苯胺衍生物、或者单烷基取代的二苯胺衍生物和二烷基取代的二苯胺衍生物的混合物。
二芳基胺分子结构中可能包含了超过一个氮原子。因此二芳基胺可能至少包含两个氮原子，其中至少有一个氮原子链接两个芳基，例如一些二胺中包含仲胺氮原子，这个仲胺氮原子连接两个芳基。
二芳基胺的例子包含但不限于二苯胺、各种烷基取代二苯胺衍生物、3-羟基二苯胺、N-苯基-1,2-苯二胺、N-苯基-1,4-苯二胺、单丁基二苯胺、二丁基二苯胺、单辛基二苯胺、二辛基二苯胺、单壬基二苯胺、二壬基二苯胺、单十四烷基二苯胺、双十四烷基二苯胺、α-苯基萘胺、单辛基-α-苯基萘胺、β-苯基萘胺、单庚基二苯胺、二单庚基二苯胺、对苯二苯胺、丁基辛基混合取代二苯胺和辛基苯基混合取代二苯胺等。
另一类胺类抗氧剂包括吩噻嗪或者烷基取代的吩噻嗪衍生物，它们具有如下化学结构：
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000004
上式中R9和R10各自独立的为线形或者支链状C1到C24烷基、芳基、杂原子取代的烷基或者烷基取代的芳基。烷基取代的吩噻嗪衍生物包括：单十四烷基吩噻嗪、双十四烷基吩噻嗪、单癸基吩噻嗪、双癸基吩噻嗪、单壬基吩噻嗪、双壬基吩噻嗪、单辛基吩噻嗪、双辛基吩噻嗪、单丁基吩噻 嗪、双丁基吩噻嗪、单苯基吩噻嗪、双苯基吩噻嗪、丁基辛基吩噻嗪和苯基辛基吩噻嗪等等。
含硫抗氧剂包括但不仅限于硫化烯烃。硫化烯烃的抗氧性能由制备它们的烯烃与最终的含硫量决定。制备硫化烯烃优选高分子量烯烃，例如平均分子量介于168g/mol到351g/mol的烯烃。所用烯烃包括α-烯烃、支化烯烃、环烯烃，以及它们的组合。α-烯烃优选C4到C22α-烯烃。
烯烃硫化反应过程中的硫元素可以来自硫单质、一氯化硫、二氯化硫、硫化钠、多硫化钠，以及它们的混合物或者硫化反应过程中不同阶段的含硫中间体。
不饱和油脂，由于它们的不饱和性，也可以被用于硫化反应制备抗氧剂。这些不饱和油脂包括玉米油、菜籽油、棉花籽油、葡萄籽油、橄榄油、棕榈油、花生油、椰子油、芥子油、葵花籽油、芝麻油、大豆油、桐籽油、牛脂等等，以及它们的混合物。
加入到成品润滑油或者润滑油复合剂中的硫化烯烃或者硫化油脂用量，取决于硫化烯烃与硫化油脂的含硫量，以及取决于成品润滑油中希望达到的含硫量。例如，一种硫化烯烃或者硫化油脂中含硫量20％wt，当向成品润滑油中添加1％wt时候，成品润滑油含硫量为2000ppm。对于含硫量为10％wt的硫化烯烃或者硫化油脂，当向成品润滑油中添加1％wt时候，成品润滑油含硫量为2000ppm。总的来讲，当加入硫化烯烃或者硫化油脂时候，一般成品润滑油中含硫量需要控制在200ppm到2000ppm的水平。
无灰二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯溶于或者分散于添加剂包里面也可以用做抗氧添加剂。无灰二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯应该具有低挥发性，并且分子量最好大于250g/mol，进一步优选分子量大于400g/mol的无灰二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯。无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯包括但不限于甲撑双(二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、乙撑双(二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、异丁基二硫化-2,2′-双(二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、羟基烷基取代的二硫代氨基甲酸酯。二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的制备原料包括非饱和化合物、降冰片烯、环氧化合物，二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯中的烷基碳原子数优选1到16个碳原子。
无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯的具体例子有甲撑双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、乙撑双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、异丁基二硫化-2,2′-双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)、二丁基-N,N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸丁二酸酯、2-羟丙基二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、丁基(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)乙酸酯和S-甲氧羰基-乙基-N，N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯。最常用的无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯是甲撑双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)。
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌酯(ZDDP)也被用于润滑油添加剂，具有如下化学结构：
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000005
上式中R11、R12、R13和R14各自独立的为直链或者支链的含有C1到C24的烷基、杂原子取代的烷基或者烷基取代的芳基。ZDDP具有良好的抗磨抗氧化性能，已经通过凸轮磨损测试，例如Seq.IVA和TU3磨损测试。通用ZDDP的类型包括一级、二级、以及一级二级混合型ZDDP。
同样的，用于摩擦改进剂的有机钼化合物也表现出抗氧性能。有机钼化合物摩擦改进剂在摩擦改进剂部分详细描述，不在这里赘述。
这部分描述的各种抗氧剂可以以单剂的形式或者它们的复配剂的形式使用，且各种抗氧剂在复配剂中的比例可以是任意的。在成品润滑油中，酚类化合物、胺类化合物、含硫和含钼添加剂作为抗氧剂的具体使用量、以及它们如何搭配使用，可以按照一般的参考使用量使用；也可以通过发动机测试确定使用量；或者通过调节分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、润滑油基础油、以及其它添加剂来确定具体使用量。
清净剂：
清净剂是有机酸的金属盐。用于合成清净剂的有机酸包括芳基磺酸、烷基苯酚、羧酸、烯基膦酸和烯基硫代膦酸。芳基磺酸有烷基苯磺酸、烷基萘磺酸。羧酸有脂肪族羧酸、环烷酸、石油醚氧化物。很多情况下，这些酸的混合物也被用于反应制备清净剂。这些酸与无机碱反应，例如金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属碳酸盐，形成相应的盐类产物。为了完全中和有机酸中的酸性官能团，这些无机碱可以以等于或者超过化学计量比与这些有机酸反应。以化学计量比反应得到中性盐类产物，常常被称为中性清净剂或者肥皂。当当无机碱过量时，制备的清净剂被称为碱性的、高碱性的
或者超碱性的。需要注意的是，碱性清净剂以清澈的均相流体存在，中性清净剂也是如此，因为过
量的无机碱以胶束的形式呈现。金属磺酸盐、金属酚盐和金属碳酸盐的一般化学式如下所示。
清净剂的一般化学式如下表1：
表1
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000006
其中，碱性清净剂中过量的碱可能以金属氢氧化物、金属碳酸盐、或者以两者均有的形式呈现。对于中性清净剂，上表1中化学式中的x和y为0。对于低过碱清净剂，例如对于碱值小于或等于50的清净剂，x可能为0，y可能是一个很小的数值，或者x与y都是很小的数值。这暗示稍微过碱性的清净剂或者是不含碳酸盐的，或者是包含了碳酸盐与氢氧化物的混合物。高碱性清净剂含有大量的碳酸盐作为备用碱源；那就是，在这种情况下，y值较小，x值很大。在一些高碱性清净剂中，x值高达20，或者这个值更大。总之，含有氢氧化物的碱性清净剂的碱性通常低于含有金属碳酸盐的碱性清净剂的碱性。
分散剂：
分散剂包括但不仅限于油溶性碳氢聚合物，这些碳氢聚合物包含能够与含金属元素的颗粒相互作用的官能团，由此这些颗粒被这些聚合物分散。典型的分散剂包含氨基、羟基、酰胺基、或者脂类等极性结构单元，这些极性结构单元通过连接基团与聚合物分子链骨架相连。成品润滑油中的分散剂可能选自Mannich分散剂、无灰琥珀酰亚胺衍生物分散剂、胺类分散剂、Koch分散剂和聚烯烃丁二酰亚胺分散剂。
总的来讲，分散剂通过以下几种方式使润滑油沉积物悬浮在油里：
(1)沉积物极性前驱体被分散进分散剂形成的胶束。
(2)与胶体颗粒相结合，因此可以阻止它们形成聚集体从润滑油中沉降。
(3)如果沉积物已经形成，分散剂使这些聚集体悬浮在润滑油本体中。
(4)修饰已经形成的煤烟颗粒，阻止煤烟颗粒的聚集。煤烟颗粒的聚集会导致润滑油变稠，这是重型柴油机面临的一个典型问题。
(5)降低极性物质的表面能/界面能，阻止这些极性物质黏附在金属表面。
分散剂与清净剂有以下三种显著不同的特点：
(1)分散剂不含金属元素；但是清净剂含有金属元素，例如镁元素、钙元素、有时候还含有钡元素。这意味着，燃烧清净剂将会有灰分形成然而分散剂燃烧不会形成灰分。
(2)分散剂对酸有微弱或者没有中和能力，但是清净剂对酸有中和能力。这是由于分散剂要么像酯类分散剂没有碱性，要么像酰胺/酰亚胺分散剂具有微弱的碱性。酰胺/酰亚胺分散剂具有微弱的碱性，是因为存在胺基官能团，胺类具有微弱的碱性，因此具有微弱的酸中和能力。相反的，清净剂，尤其是碱性清净剂，包含有像金属氢氧化物和金属碳酸盐的储备金属碱。这些是强碱，能够中和掉燃烧产生的无机酸，例如硫酸和硝酸，以及氧化产生的有机酸。
(3)分散剂一般具有更高的分子量，分散剂的分子量比清净剂有机部分的分子量高4倍到15倍。基于这个原因，对润滑油沉积物，分散剂一般比清净剂有更有效的悬浮清理能力。
摩擦改进剂：
有机摩擦改进剂(FM)是最常用的摩擦改进剂，这些摩擦改进剂一般是指含有至少10个直链碳原子和一个极性端基的细长分子。极性端基是决定摩擦改进剂效果的一个重要因素。从化学结构上讲，包含从以下几类摩擦改进剂:
(1)羧酸及其衍生物，例如，油酸及其脂类衍生物。
(2)酰胺、酰亚胺、胺类化合物，以及它们的衍生物，例如油胺。
(3)磷酸及磷酸衍生物。
(4)有机聚合物，例如聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
另外按照摩擦改进剂的作用机理类型，可以分类如下表2：
表2 摩擦改进剂类型和作用方式
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000007
不含硫磷的有机钼化合物可以作为补充摩擦改进剂，这些摩擦改进剂可以通过不含硫磷的钼原料与含有胺基和/或羟基的有机化合物反应制备得到。不含硫磷的钼原料包括但不仅限于三氧化钼、钼酸铵、钼酸钠和钼酸钾。含胺基的化合物包括但不仅限于单胺、二胺或者多胺。含羟基的化合物包括但不仅限于单取代醇、二醇或者桥连双醇、或者多羟基醇。作为一个例子，二胺与脂肪油反应的产物含有胺基与醇羟基，该反应产物可以进一步与不含硫磷的钼原料反应制备相应的有机钼摩擦改进剂。
由脂肪油、二乙醇胺和钼原料反应制备得到的有机钼摩擦改进剂化学结构常常由以下化学结构表示，其中R15、R16是相同或不同的脂肪族烷基链。实际反应得到的有机钼化合物结构复杂，其确切成分可能不会很清楚，有可能是多种有机钼化合物的多组分混合物。
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000008
含硫有机钼化合物可以通过多种方法制备。一种方法是用不含硫磷的钼原料，与含有胺基、含有硫的一种或者几种原料反应来制备。含硫原料包括但不仅限于二硫化碳、硫化氢、硫化钠、硫单质。另外的，含硫有机钼化合物可以用含硫钼原料与含有胺基或者秋兰姆基团(thiuram group)的化合物反应制备。秋兰姆基团(thiuram group)化学结构如下所示，其中R17、R18、R19和R20各自独立的为直链或者支链的含有C1到C24的烷基、杂原子取代的烷基或者烷基取代的芳基。
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000009
作为一个例子，三氧化钼与仲胺、二硫化碳可以制备二硫代氨基甲酸钼。另外，(NH4)2Mo3S13.nH2O与三烷基秋兰姆二硫化物反应，制备三环含硫二硫代氨基甲酸钼，其中n取值介于0到2之间。
二硫代氨基甲酸钼类化合物可以按如下化学结构描述:
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000010
其中R21、R22、R23、R24相同或不相同的为含4到18个碳原子的烷基或者氢原子，X是O或者S。
甘油酯也可以单独使用、或者与其它摩擦改进剂一起使用。合适的甘油酯化学结构式如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000011
其中R25、R26和R27独立的含有氢原子或者C(O)R′结构单元，其中R′可以是饱和的或者不饱和的含有3到24个碳原子的烷基。甘油酯的例子包括但不仅限于单月桂酸甘油酯、单十四烷酸酯甘油酯、单软脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸酯甘油酯，以及由椰子油酸、牛油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸衍生出来的单甘油酯。这些甘油酯的使用对有机钼化合物的使用没有副作用，实际上还有较大促进作用。实际应用中，任意比例的单甘油酯和双甘油酯都可以被使用。虽然如此，甘油脂中的自由羟基优选保留在30％到70％之间(那就是，上面化学结构式中30％到70％的R基团为氢原子)。实际应用，优选的甘油酯为混合甘油酯，它是油酸与甘油反应生成的单、双、三甘油酯的混合物。
缓蚀剂/防锈剂：
缓蚀剂防锈的主要机理是缓蚀剂分子通过化学吸附或者物理吸附在金属表面形成一层保护膜，延缓或者阻止腐蚀介质与金属表面直接接触。缓蚀剂包括当不仅限于联胺类、羧酸衍生物、硅酸酯衍生物、磺酸盐、胺类、羧酸胺衍生物、硼酸酯、氨基硼酸酯、磷酸酯、氨基磷酸酯、咪唑类、咪唑啉类、噻唑类、三氮唑类和苯并三唑类等等。
粘度指数改进剂：
粘度指数改进剂赋予润滑油在高温和低温环境下均具有合适的可操作性。粘度指数改进剂常用于自动变速箱油和多用途拖拉机油。粘度指数改进剂可以是单一功能的，有可能是多功能。一些粘度指数改进剂配方在改进润滑油粘度指数的同时，也用来降低润滑油的倾点，例如聚烷基丙烯酸酯类聚合物。粘度指数改进剂作为分散剂也被广泛的应用。
目前，有五类可以商用的粘度指数改进剂，包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯及其衍生物(PMAs)，聚(乙烯-co-丙烯)共聚物及其改性衍生物(OCPs)，氢化聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)或者聚(苯乙烯-co-异丙烯)及它们的衍生物(HSD、SIP)，酯化的聚(苯乙烯-co-马来酸酐)(SPE)，PMAs与OCPs的浓缩相容共混物。这些体系的简要化学结构如下所示。
主要粘度指数改进剂简要化学结构
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000012
常用的粘度指数改进剂如下表3所示。
表3 常用粘度指数改进剂
轻质混合烯烃的聚合物
聚异丁烯
聚甲基丙烯酸酯
聚丙烯酸酯
聚(甲基丙烯酸酯-co-苯乙烯)
聚(甲基丙烯酸酯-co-丙烯酸酯)
聚丁二烯
聚叔丁基苯乙烯
烷基化的聚苯乙烯
聚(烷基富马酸酯-co-乙酸乙烯酯)
聚(n-丁基乙烯基醚)
酯化的聚(苯乙烯-co-马来酸酐)
聚(乙烯-co-丙烯)
聚(乙烯-co-二烯改性丙烯)
聚(乙烯-co-丙烯-co二烯改性烯烃)
氢化聚(苯乙烯-co-异丙烯)
氢化聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)
氢化聚异丙烯
脱乳剂：
润滑油中常常用少量的脱乳剂。一些脱乳剂可以通过烯烃氧化物与双环氧化物、多元醇发生加合反应制备得到。脱乳剂的有效使用量不得超过0.1％wt，一般来讲脱乳剂的使用量介于0.001％wt到0.05％wt之间。
降凝剂：
降凝剂，也被称为润滑油低温流动改进剂。降凝剂用来降低流体的最低流动温度。常用的改进流体低温流动性的添加剂包括但不仅限于C8-C18双烷基取代的富马酸/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯等等。
消泡剂：
消泡剂通过降低界面/表面张力来控制润滑油的泡沫含量。常用的消泡剂包括但不仅限于聚硅氧烷、聚烷基丙烯酸酯、长链烷基聚硅氧烷等等。
密封溶胀剂：
密封溶胀剂包括但不仅限于烷基砜衍生物、二羧酸酯衍生物(DBE)，山梨醇二酯衍生物等等。
在一实施例中，本发明实施例润滑油复合剂还包括惰性溶剂，该惰性溶剂可以伴随稀释上文所述的本发明润滑油抗磨剂而被带入本发明实施例润滑油复合剂中，在一实施例中，所述惰性溶剂在本发明实施例滑油复配剂中的含量一般在0％到99％之间。在具体实施例中，该惰性溶剂可以是I类基础油、II类基础油、III类基础、IV类基础油和V类基础油中的至少一种。
因此，上述本发明实施例润滑油复合剂由于含有本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂，因此，该润滑油复合剂中的抗磨剂能够被均匀分散，其被添加至基础油中后，能赋予润滑油优异的抗磨性、热稳定性等性能。另外通过添加其它润滑油领域的其它添加剂，形成添加剂包，方便了对基础油的调节。
又一方面，在上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂及其制备方法和润滑油复合剂的基础上，本发明实施例还提供了一种润滑油，也称为全配润滑油。本发明实施例润滑油包括基础油和分散至基础油中的添加剂，在一实施例中，所述添加剂包括上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂。或在另一实施例中，所述添加剂包括由权利要求上文所述润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂。或在又一实施例中，所述添加剂为上文所述的润滑油复合剂，因此，此实施例中理所当然的是包括了上文所述润滑油抗磨剂或由上文所述润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂。
由于本发明实施例润滑油含有上文所述的润滑油抗磨剂，因此，润滑油中的抗磨剂能够很好的分散，且使得本发明实施例润滑油具有优异的润滑作用，降低了移动件的移动工作过程中的摩擦磨损。而且具有耐高温特性，一定程度上避免了现有有机抗磨剂高温降解，而导致的磷、硫对环境的危害，也一定程度上避免了现有有机磷抗磨剂由于降解导致尾气转化催化剂的中毒现象。
在一实施例中，通过对本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂或者润滑油复合剂的用量控制，使得上文所述经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在所述润滑油中的含量为0.001％wt-10.0％wt，优选的为0.001％wt-8.0％wt。通过优化该层状金属磷酸盐纳米片的含量，进一步优化润滑油的抗磨性能，降低移动件的移动工作过程中的摩擦磨损。
因此，不管是本发明实施例润滑油中的添加剂为上文所述的润滑油复合剂还是润滑油抗磨剂， 在一实施例中，本发明实施例润滑油中任何一种前述的润滑油添加剂添加到润滑油基础油中，都需要确定一个最有效的添加量，这个有效添加量对于不同的润滑油添加剂，可能差别很大。但是，总的来讲，每一种添加剂的添加量很少超过全配方润滑油总质量的20％wt，在一些具体实例中，每一种的添加量可能介于0.001％wt到20％wt之间。而在一些其它具体实例中，每一种添加剂的添加量可能介于0.01％wt到10％wt之间。
具体选择哪些添加剂添加到润滑油基础油中，取决于希望全配方润滑油表现出怎么样的性能。在一实施例中，下表4列出前述添加剂加入到本发明实施例的种类以及每类添加剂的有效添加范围，所有数值代表添加剂占全配方润滑油的质量分数。
特别的，对于上文提供的本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂中的经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片即无机-有机杂化插层金属磷酸盐纳米片(也即是表4中的层状金属磷酸纳米片插层产物)作为极压抗磨剂直接加入或者以上文本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂制备方法最终的插层反应后的混合物直接添加到基础油中。其在成品全配方润滑油中的具体添加量没有限制，总的来说，当作为润滑油添加剂的时候，添加量介于0.001％wt到10％wt之间。
表4
组分 ％wt(宽范围) ％wt(典型应用范围)
分散剂 0.5-5.0 1.0-2.5
抗氧剂 0-5.0 0.01-3.0
金属清净剂 0.1-15.0 0.2-8.0
缓蚀剂 0-5.0 0-2.0
金属二烷基取代二硫代磷酸酯 0.1-6.0 0.1-4.0
消泡剂 0-5.0 0.001-0.15
摩擦改进剂 0-5.0 0-2.0
补充固体抗磨成膜剂 0-1.0 0-0.8
降凝剂 0.01-5.0 0.01-1.5
粘度指数改进剂 0.01-10.00 0.25-7.0
脱乳剂 0.001-0.1 0.001-0.05
层状金属磷酸纳米片插层产物 0.0001-10.0 0.001-3.0
基础油 平衡 平衡
总重量 100 100
在一些具体实施例中，上述本发明实施例润滑油中的基础油包括任意一种全合成基础油或者天然油脂或者它们的混合物。全合成基础油包括二羧酸烷基酯、聚醚多元醇、聚α-烯烃、磷酸有机酯、聚硅油、烯烃氧化聚合物、天然气合成油等等。天然油脂包括矿动物油脂与植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油)、液化矿物油、酸化处理的石蜡基矿物油、酸化处理的萘基矿物油、或者石腊/萘基混合矿物油。从煤与页岩提炼得到的油脂也是一种有用的润滑油基础油。
润滑油基础油的运动粘度一般介于2.5cSt到15cSt之间。实际使用中，优选100℃条件下，具有运动粘度介于2.5cSt到15cSt之间的润滑油基础油。润滑油基础油包括了常用于火花点火和压缩点火内燃机发动机的曲轴箱润滑油，这些内燃机包括轿车发动机、卡车发动机、水运和铁路用柴油发动机等等。这些润滑油基础油常常被分为I类、II类、III类、IV类和V类基础油，具体分类信息如下表5所示。
表5
基础油 含硫量(％) 饱和度(％) 粘度指数
I类 >0.03 <90 80-120
II类 ≦0.03 ≧90 80-120
III类 ≦0.03 ≧90 ≧120
IV类 *    
V类 **    
注：表5中的*IV类基础油被定义为聚α-烯烃；**V类基础油被定义为除了I类、II类、III类、IV类以外的基础油，包括天然气合成油。
对于测定润滑油基础油粘度可以通过计算模型估计。五种计算模型经常被用于估计不同组分配制的润滑油基础油的粘度，它们分别是Arrhenius模型、Walther模型、Kendall-Monroe模型、Bingham模型和Cragoe模型。当润滑油基础油的不同组分之间的粘度差别较大的时候，Arrhenius模型适用于这种情况；当润滑油基础油表现出非牛顿流体性质的时候，Walther模型不适用于这种情况；美国石油组织协会(American Petroleum Institute，API)建议当润滑油基础油的组成成分特征相似、且具有类似的分子量的时候，特别是组分均为碳氢化合物且在在低压情况下混合配制成品油，Kendall-Monroe模型适用于这种情况，也因此Kendall-Monroe模型的应用范围较狭窄；Bingham模型的提出基于理想溶液，因此在计算混合润滑油基础油的粘度的时候，具有较大的误差；Cragoe模型为经验模型。实际运用中，这些模型只是初步估计，仅仅作为配制润滑油基础油的参考指导，润滑油基础油的具体粘度数值需要通过仪器测试得到。
因此，本发明实施例润滑油具有广泛的应用领域。对于压缩点火发动机和点火发动机，润滑油配方优选满足或者超过API-CI-4标准或ILSAC GF-5A标准的配方组成。前述满足API-CI-4标准或ILSAC GF-5A标准的润滑油配方包括基础油、DI添加剂包、和/或者粘度指数改进剂。本发明信息披露中的润滑油基础油选自天然润滑油、全合成润滑油或者它们的混合物。这些基础油包括通常用于点火/压缩点火用的内燃机曲轴箱润滑油，例如轿车和卡车发动机、航海用和铁路用内燃机等等。
再一方面，在上文所述的润滑油的基础上，本发明实施例提供了一种含有润滑油的润滑表面。其中，被润滑表面上的润滑油为上文所述的本发明实施例润滑油，因此，理所当然的是，该被润滑表面上含有上文所述润滑油抗磨剂或由上文所述润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂，当然，也必定含有上文所述的经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选的经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。这样，该被润滑表面的摩擦系数小，摩擦磨损小。
同样，基于上文所述的润滑油，本发明实施例还提供了一种发动及传动系统。在该发动及传动系统移动部件的表面为包含润滑油的润滑表面，其中，该被润滑表面上的润滑油为上文所述的本发明实施例润滑油，因此，理所当然的是，该被润滑表面上含有上文所述润滑油抗磨剂或由上文所述润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂，当然，也必定含有上文所述的经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选的经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。这样，该被润滑表面的摩擦系数小，摩擦磨损小。
同样，基于上文所述的润滑油，本发明实施例还提供了一种交通工具，该交通工具含有动力系统和动力传动系统，所述动力系统和/或动力传动系统包括移动部件，所述移动部件的表面包含润滑油的润滑表面，其中，该被润滑表面上的润滑油为上文所述的本发明实施例润滑油，因此，理所当然的是，该被润滑表面上含有上文所述润滑油抗磨剂或由上文所述润滑油抗磨剂制备方法制备的润滑油抗磨剂，当然，也必定含有上文所述的经插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片，优选的经烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。这样，该被润滑表面的摩擦系数小，摩擦磨损小。
动力系统包括发动机，适用的发动机类型可以包括但不限于载重柴油机、轿车，轻型柴油机、中速柴油机，或船舶发动机。属于发动机中一种的内燃机可以为柴油燃料发动机、汽油燃料发动机、天然气燃料发动机、生物燃料发动机、混合柴油/生物燃料发动机、混合汽油/生物燃料发动机、乙醇燃料发动机、混合汽油/醇燃料发动机、压缩天然气(CNG)燃料发动机，或其组合。内燃机也可以与电气或电池动力结合使用。如此配置的发动机通常被称为混合式发动机。内燃机可以为2-冲程、4-冲程，或转缸式发动机。适用于本实施方案的合适内燃机包括船舶柴油发动机、航空活塞发动机、低负荷柴油发动机，和摩托车、汽车、机车和卡车发动机。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明实施例润滑油抗磨剂及其制备方法、润滑油复合剂和润滑油及其应用等进行进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供了一种润滑油抗磨剂，其含有油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片。
该油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米的制备方法如下：
S11：α-磷酸锆纳米片的制备：
将8.0g ZrOCl2.8H2O与80.0ml浓度为3.0mol/L H3PO4(85％wt)混合，将得到的混合物密封 于聚四氟乙烯衬里的压力容器中，并加热至200摄氏度保持24小时，获得反应产物α-ZrP，记为α-ZrP-3M。反应结束后，将得到的反应产物洗涤后并离心收集5次，然后，将得到的α-ZrP-3M于65℃下干燥24h。利用研钵将干燥后的α-ZrP-3M研磨成粉末。获得的α-ZrP-3M粉末的XRD(X射线衍射)谱图见图1；
S12：油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片的制备：
在30ml玻璃瓶中，将步骤S01中制备得到的0.8gα-ZrP(3M)(粒径约100nm左右，如图X所示；固体粉末密度约为2.72g.cm-3，分子量为301.19g/mol。)和16.0g油酸胺(密度约为0.81g/ml，分子量:267.49g/mol)混合。然后通过超声波将所得到的混合物超声处理分散均匀。得到的插层产物与原生层状ZrP纳米片的XRD对比谱图见图1。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供了一种抗磨剂，其含有混合胺插层的α-磷酸锆纳米片。制备方法如下：
在500ml玻璃瓶中，首先，150克油酸胺、50克十六烷基伯胺、50克十八烷基二甲基叔胺、50克十四烷基二甲基叔胺加热混合均匀，然后加入20克α-ZrP。然后通过超声波将所得到的混合物超声处理分散均匀，得到粘稠状或者膏状白色混合物，即为制备的抗磨剂。(ZrP与胺的质量比为1:15)
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种润滑油的复合剂，具体成分如表6中的添加剂成分。
表6 润滑油复合剂配方
组分 ％wt
2100Mw聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺分散剂，分散剂 7-15
1300Mw聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺分散剂，分散剂 20-40
油酸甘油酯，摩擦改进剂 1-3
T558二壬基二苯胺与T321硫化异丁烯，抗氧剂 3-8
补充固体成膜抗磨剂 0.1-0.5
有机钼化合物，摩擦改进剂 0.02-0.1
T108硫磷化聚异丁烯钡盐，清净剂 8-17
混合型二烷基二硫代磷酸锌酯 4-9
油溶性聚醚Ninesen32(N32)，消泡剂与脱乳剂 0.01-0.05
T809B酯型降凝剂，降凝剂 2-5
T321硫化异丁烯，极压抗磨剂 1-5
插层的α-磷酸锆纳米片抗磨剂 0.01-50
惰性溶剂 0-99
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种润滑油，该润滑油是以5W/30基础配方油的为基础油，包括下表7中所述的组分。分别将上述实施例2中提供的烃胺插层层状金属磷酸盐纳米片(以插层反应后的混合物加入)加入该5W/30基础配方油中，分别形成润滑油。控制该烃胺插层层状金属磷酸盐纳米片占成品润滑油总质量的0.1％和0.2％。
其中，在配制成品油的过程中，该该烃胺插层层状金属磷酸盐纳米片加入到5W/30基础配方油后，于60℃左右的温度进行搅拌直至其分散均匀。
表7 5W/30基础配方油配方
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2015095850-appb-000014
对比实施例
市购的商品全配方润滑油。
对实施例4中的各润滑油进行摩擦学测试
按照ASTM D4172测试标准，分别将实施例4中的5W/30基础配方油、加入有实施例2提供的抗磨剂的润滑油和对比实施例中提供的市购的商品全配方润滑油分别进行四球磨损试验，四球磨损试验原理简图见图2，其中图2中的1为由马达驱动的小球，2为下方的被固定的3小球，3为热电偶。在四球磨损试验中，将将实施例4中的5W/30基础配方油、加入有实施例2提供的抗磨剂的润滑油和对比实施例中提供的市购的商品全配方润滑油分别浸入球和圆盘试样的表面，实验参数见下表8所示。
表8 四球磨损试验参数
参数 模式/值
测试标准 四球测试
温度 75±2℃
速度 600rpm
持续时间 240min
载荷 147±0.05N
样品球材质 304不锈钢
在四球磨损试验中，分别检测了将实施例4中的5W/30基础配方油、加入有实施例2提供的抗磨剂的润滑油和对比实施例中提供的市购的商品全配方润滑油的摩擦系数μ、磨痕深度Z、磨痕尺寸。其中，由实施例2提供油胺插层α-磷酸锆纳米片加入5W/30基础配方油所配制的成品润滑油的检测结果见图3-图8。试验结果表明，实施例2中制备的含有α-ZrP-油胺插层产物添加到5W/30全配方成品润滑油的磨斑深度Z、磨斑尺寸都明显小于商品润滑油。
由此，这证明了根据本发明实施例提供的润滑油抗磨剂添加基础油到成品润滑油能够有效的提高润滑油的抗磨损性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：包括插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：包括由烃胺化合物进行插层反应处理的层状金属磷酸盐纳米片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：所述烃胺化合物为伯胺化合物、仲胺化合物、叔胺化合物、环状胺化合物中的一种或两种以上。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片中的金属元素为过渡金属元素。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：所述过渡金属元素为ⅣB族过渡金属元素。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片选用层状磷酸锆纳米片、层状磷酸钛纳米片、层状磷酸铪纳米片、层状磷酸钛锆纳米片中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的润滑油抗磨剂，其特征在于：还包括烃胺化合物，所述烃胺化合物含量为5％wt-95％wt，所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片含量为5％wt-95％wt。
  8. 一种润滑油复合剂，包含抗磨剂和其它添加剂，其特征在于：所述抗磨剂为权利要求1-7任一所述的润滑油抗磨剂，还包含0％wt-99％wt的惰性溶剂。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的润滑油复合剂，其特征在于：所述惰性溶剂选用I类基础油、II类基础油、III类基础、IV类基础油和V类基础油中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的润滑油复合剂，其特征在于：所述其它添加剂包括清静剂、摩擦改进剂、密封膨胀剂、抗氧剂、消泡剂、润滑剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、去乳化剂、粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂、分散剂、成膜剂中的至少一种。
  11. 一种润滑油，包括基础油和分散至基础油中的添加剂，所述添加剂包括权利要求1-7所述的润滑油抗磨剂，或所述添加剂为权利要求8-10所述的润滑油复合剂。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的润滑油，其特征在于：所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在所述润滑油中的含量为0.001％wt-10.0％wt。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的润滑油，其特征在于：所述层状金属磷酸盐纳米片在所述润滑油中的含量优选为0.001％wt-8.0％wt。
  14. 一种包含润滑油的润滑表面，其特征在于：所述润滑油为权利要求11-13任一所述的润滑油。
  15. 一种含权利要求14所述包含润滑油的润滑表面的发动机传动系统。
  16. 一种交通工具，所述交通工具具有移动部件并且包含用于使移动部件润滑的润滑油，所述润滑油为权利要求11-15任一所述的润滑油。
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