WO2017081826A1 - 粒子線治療システム - Google Patents
粒子線治療システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017081826A1 WO2017081826A1 PCT/JP2015/082046 JP2015082046W WO2017081826A1 WO 2017081826 A1 WO2017081826 A1 WO 2017081826A1 JP 2015082046 W JP2015082046 W JP 2015082046W WO 2017081826 A1 WO2017081826 A1 WO 2017081826A1
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- irradiation
- particle beam
- therapy system
- beam therapy
- accelerator
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
- A61N5/1043—Scanning the radiation beam, e.g. spot scanning or raster scanning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
- A61N2005/1072—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan taking into account movement of the target
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N2005/1074—Details of the control system, e.g. user interfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particle beam therapy system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a beam generation section for generating a particle beam and an emission of the particle beam.
- a beam extraction control unit that controls the affected area, and a slice obtained by dividing the affected area in the axial direction of the particle beam so that the particle beam is scanned along a predetermined trajectory pattern set in the slice.
- a beam scanning instruction unit that sequentially indicates the position of the particle beam in two dimensions; and a beam scanning unit that scans the particle beam in two dimensions based on an instruction signal from the beam scanning instruction unit. Describes a particle beam irradiation apparatus characterized by instructing the scanning position to scan by tracing the trajectory pattern in the forward direction and then tracing the trajectory pattern in the reverse direction. To have.
- the particle beam irradiation system used for this treatment includes a charged particle beam generator, a beam transport system, and an irradiation device.
- a scatterer method in which a beam is expanded by a scatterer and then the beam shape is cut out by a collimator in accordance with the shape of the affected region, or a beam scanning method in which a thin beam is scanned in the affected region.
- the charged particle beam accelerated by the accelerator of the charged particle beam generator reaches the irradiation device through the beam transport system, and the beam travels by the scanning electromagnet provided in the irradiation device. Scanning is performed on a plane perpendicular to the direction, and the affected area of the patient is irradiated from the irradiation device.
- a spot scanning method is known as a method of matching a dose distribution given by a thin beam with the shape of an affected part and forming an arbitrary dose distribution that is not uniform.
- the shape of the affected area is divided into small small areas (irradiation spots), and a desired irradiation dose is set in advance for each section and irradiated.
- the spot scanning method includes two broadly divided irradiation methods, a discrete spot scanning method and a raster scanning method, and the flow of processing is described in Patent Document 1 for each.
- the discrete spot scanning method stops the beam emission while moving the position of the particle beam from one irradiation spot to the next irradiation spot, and restarts the beam emission after the movement is completed.
- the raster scanning method is a method in which beam emission continues without interruption while scanning the same slice.
- the two particle beam therapy systems in which these two spot scanning methods are respectively implemented have different device performance and control contents depending on the required device specifications of the accelerator, the emission control of the accelerator, beam monitoring, and the like. In addition, these two spot scanning methods can be substituted for each other, and there has been no suggestion that they need to be used properly.
- ⁇ Merit occurs when the discrete spot scanning method and the raster scanning method are different.
- the discrete spot scanning method enables high-precision irradiation in moving object tracking. Since X-ray irradiation for tracking the affected part necessary for tracking the movement of the affected part can be performed between spots where particle beam irradiation is not performed, it is advantageous in terms of dose management accuracy and affected part identification accuracy.
- the raster scanning method has an advantage in throughput because the period of continuous irradiation is relatively long, and is advantageous in the case of organs with little movement, or when hitting regularly for a fixed time.
- the present invention has been made from such a viewpoint, and an object thereof is to provide a small particle beam therapy system capable of achieving both higher-precision irradiation and higher dose rate.
- the present invention includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems.
- a particle beam treatment in which an irradiation target is divided into a plurality of small regions and particle beams are sequentially irradiated to the plurality of small regions.
- a system comprising: an accelerator that accelerates the particle beam; an irradiation device that irradiates a target with the particle beam accelerated by the accelerator; and a control device that controls the accelerator and the irradiation device, the accelerator,
- the irradiation device and the control device implement both the irradiation method that does not stop the irradiation of the particle beam and the irradiation method that stops the irradiation of the particle beam when moving to the next small area in the irradiation device. It is possible.
- FIG. 1st Embodiment It is a figure showing the whole schematic structure of the particle beam therapy system which is one suitable embodiment (1st Embodiment) of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the irradiation apparatus used for the particle beam therapy system of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the specific layer of the depth direction of the affected part which is irradiation object. It is a timing chart which shows operation
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the particle beam therapy system according to the first embodiment.
- the particle beam therapy system 100 has a charged particle beam generator 200, a beam transport system 300 that guides the generated charged particle beam to the treatment room 400, and the shape of the affected part 41 (described in FIG. 2) of the patient 4 in the treatment room 400.
- an irradiation apparatus 500 that irradiates a charged particle beam and a control apparatus 600 are configured.
- the charged particle beam generator 200 includes a front-stage accelerator 21 and a synchrotron 20 that emits the charged particles accelerated in advance by the front-stage accelerator 21 to a predetermined energy.
- a synchrotron 20 that emits the charged particles accelerated in advance by the front-stage accelerator 21 to a predetermined energy.
- an accelerator that does not have a pre-stage accelerator such as a cyclotron or a linear accelerator may be used.
- the synchrotron 20 is a device that accelerates a charged particle beam (heavy particle ions such as protons, carbon, and neutrons) accelerated by the former accelerator 21 to a predetermined energy, and a plurality of deflections for circulating the charged particle beam. It has an electromagnet 22 and a plurality of quadrupole electromagnets (not shown), an accelerating device 23 for accelerating the circulating charged particle beam, and an emitting device 24 for emitting the charged particle beam accelerated to a predetermined energy.
- the extraction device 24 has an extraction high-frequency application electrode (not shown), and this high-frequency application electrode is connected to a high-frequency power source 26 via an extraction switch 25. Is turned ON / OFF.
- the beam transport system 300 includes a plurality of deflecting electromagnets 31 and a plurality of quadrupole electromagnets (not shown), and transports a charged particle beam emitted from the synchrotron 20 to the irradiation device 500.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the irradiation apparatus 500.
- the irradiation device 500 is accelerated by the synchrotron 20 and scanned horizontally with a charged particle beam guided by the beam transport system 300 (X direction in the figure) to match the shape of the affected part 41 of the patient 4.
- 51A and a Y-direction scanning electromagnet 51B that scans in the vertical direction (Y direction in the figure, perpendicular to the paper surface).
- These scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B are connected to a scanning electromagnet power supply 61.
- the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 is controlled by a power supply control device 62.
- the charged particle beam deflected by the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B passes through the beam position monitor 52A and the dose monitor 53A, and is irradiated to the affected part 41 as an irradiation target.
- the beam position monitor 52A is connected to a beam position measuring device 52B, and the beam position measuring device 52B measures the position and width (expansion) of the charged particle beam.
- the dose monitor 53A is connected to an irradiation dose measuring device 53B, and the irradiation dose measuring device 53B measures the dose of the charged particle beam.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the affected part 41 as viewed from the upstream side of the charged particle beam.
- the shape of the affected part is divided into a plurality of three-dimensional layers in the depth direction (Z direction in the figure). As shown in FIG. 3, each layer is further divided two-dimensionally into a horizontal direction (XY direction in the figure) that is a direction crossing the traveling direction of the charged particle beam, and a plurality of dose sections (small regions, hereinafter referred to as irradiation). Set as spot 42).
- the depth direction corresponds to the progress of the charged particle beam, and is changed by changing the energy of the charged particle beam emitted from the synchrotron 20 or by changing the energy of the charged particle beam by inserting an energy absorber upstream of the irradiation device 500.
- each layer is selectively irradiated.
- the charged particle beams are two-dimensionally scanned by the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B along the path 43 shown in FIG.
- the amount of the charged particle beam irradiated to each irradiation spot 42 is measured by the dose monitor 53A and the irradiation dose measuring device 53B, and the position and spread (width) of the charged particle beam are measured by the beam position monitor 52A and the beam position measuring device 52B. It is measured.
- the irradiation control by this spot scanning method is performed by the irradiation controller 64 controlling the beam emission from the charged particle beam generator 200.
- the spot scanning method is a discrete spot scanning method, which is an irradiation method for stopping irradiation of a charged particle beam when moving to the next irradiation spot 42, and a charged particle beam is irradiated to each irradiation spot 42 by a target dose. Thereafter, it is roughly classified into a raster scanning method which is an irradiation method in which irradiation of the charged particle beam is not stopped while moving to the next irradiation spot 42.
- the beam emission is stopped while the irradiation position of the charged particle beam is moved from one lattice point to the next lattice point, and the beam emission is resumed after the movement is completed. Will cause intermittent beam emission.
- the irradiation control device 64 controls the excitation currents of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B when the irradiation dose of the charged particle beam irradiated to one spot 42 among the plurality of irradiation spots 42 reaches the target dose.
- the charged particle beam is scanned to change the irradiation position to the next irradiation spot 42.
- the irradiation control device 64 stops the emission of the charged particle beam from the charged particle beam generator 200 when the irradiation dose of the charged particle beam irradiated to one spot reaches the target dose.
- the excitation current of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B is controlled to scan the charged particle beam, and the irradiation position is changed to the next irradiation spot 42. Control to start the emission of the charged particle beam.
- the time chart of FIG. 4 shows the operation while irradiating a certain layer in the affected area 41 shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time t.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4A is an open / close signal output from the irradiation control device 64 to the extraction switch 25 via the central control device 65 and the accelerator control device 66, that is, a beam ON / OFF signal for controlling the emission of the charged particle beam. is there. Since there are four ON states, that is, four irradiation spots 42 in FIG. 4A, these are designated as S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively.
- the first beam ON signal is prepared for operation of the entire system including the charged particle beam generator 200 through processes such as beam incidence and acceleration of the synchrotron 20, for example. It occurs when it is completed and the charged particle beam is ready for irradiation.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4B is a measurement of the irradiation amount of the irradiated charged particle beam measured by the dose monitor 53A and the irradiation dose measuring device 53B. It is taken into the irradiation control device 64. The irradiation control device 64 turns off the beam when the accumulated dose reaches a predetermined amount, and after storing the measured amount in the memory of the irradiation control device 64, the irradiation dose measuring device 53B is reset.
- the irradiation amount measured by the dose monitor 53A and the irradiation dose measuring device 53B is shown to be reset for each irradiation spot 42. However, the irradiation amount may be always integrated and the irradiation amount determined by the difference.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows the actual charged particle beam irradiation current.
- FIG. 4 (b) there is a reaction time of OFF after reaching a predetermined dose and turning off the beam. It shows that a large amount of charged particle beam is irradiated.
- a leakage current is generated for each irradiation spot due to a transient response after beam OFF. Therefore, if the output control of the accelerator and the output ON / OFF response performance determined by the device are not high, uniform dose application is greatly affected. give.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 4D shows the measurement state of the beam position monitor 52A and the beam position measurement device 52B for measuring the position and width of the irradiation beam shown in FIG. 4C.
- the measurement of the irradiation spot S1 that is, The irradiation control device 64 performs signal collection in the section M1.
- the irradiation control device 64 calculates the beam position and width (standard deviation) based on the acquired signal, and the irradiation control device 64 in advance. It is determined whether or not the values of the beam position and width are within a desired error range by comparing with allowable values set in the memory.
- the irradiation control device 64 When the calculation result of the beam position / width deviates from the allowable value, the irradiation control device 64 generates an interlock signal and stops progressing to the next irradiation spot 42. For example, when the beam position / width calculation result of S1 in the irradiation spot 42 deviates from the allowable value, the progress stops at an arbitrary timing before a predetermined time of the next section S2.
- the irradiation beam current flows only during the irradiation spot irradiation period and the subsequent response period, and the monitor measurement period is also performed between the irradiation spots. Can be suspended with no grace period.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 (e) shows the current pattern of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 when charged particles are scanned two-dimensionally as shown in FIG.
- This pattern is a pattern determined in advance in the irradiation control device 64, and after the irradiation dose at each irradiation spot reaches a predetermined value and the irradiation beam is stopped, the excitation amount is sequentially changed to change the irradiation position. Is shown.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 (f) shows the state of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61. While the excitation current is changed and the current deviation deviates from the desired range, the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 is turned on (hereinafter referred to as the scanning state ON). ) After the change of the excitation current is completed and it is determined that the current deviation is within the desired range, the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 is turned off (hereinafter referred to as the “scanning state OFF”). That is, the irradiation position change to the next irradiation spot 42 is performed in the section B1 after the irradiation with the charged particle beam S1 in the irradiation spot 42.
- the irradiation start of S2 in the irradiation spot 42 is the timing when the irradiation position change after the irradiation of S1 in the irradiation spot 42, that is, the ON state during scanning in FIG. 4 (f) is completed.
- the flow after the completion of S1 in the irradiation spot 42 is repeated after the irradiation of S2 in the irradiation spot 42, and the two-dimensional scanning as shown in FIG. 3 proceeds.
- each irradiation spot 42, the irradiation position, and the amount of excitation of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 corresponding to the irradiation spot 42 follow a predetermined treatment plan, and the content is transmitted from the treatment planning device 67 to the central control device 65 before starting the treatment. It is stored in a memory in the irradiation control device 64.
- the irradiation control device 64 determines the excitation pattern of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 according to the contents, and the central control device 65 supplies energy corresponding to the depth obtained by dividing the affected area 41 into layers in the depth direction by the accelerator control device 66 and the transport system control. It transmits to the apparatus 68 and the driving
- the beam emission is continued without stopping while the irradiation position of the charged particle beam is moved from one lattice point to the next lattice point. That is, beam emission continues without interruption while scanning the same slice.
- the irradiation control device 64 controls the excitation currents of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B when the irradiation dose of the charged particle beam irradiated to one spot 42 among the plurality of irradiation spots 42 reaches the target dose.
- the charged particle beam is scanned to change the irradiation position to the next irradiation spot 42.
- the irradiation controller 64 controls the excitation currents of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B while charging the charged particle beam from the charged particle beam generator 200 without stopping the emission of the charged particle beam. Control is performed so that the irradiation position is changed to the next irradiation spot 42 by scanning the particle beam.
- the time chart of FIG. 5 shows the operation while irradiating a certain layer in the affected area 41 shown in FIG. 3 according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time t.
- the progress of the irradiation spot 42 in FIG. 5A is shown, and each section S1, S2, S3, S4 shows the irradiation section to each irradiation spot 42.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 5B indicates the charged particle beam current that is emitted from the charged particle beam generator 200 and incident on the irradiation device 500 through the beam transport system 300.
- the transient response due to the beam OFF occurs only at the end of the slice, so that the influence of the beam off response delay is limited compared to the discrete spot scanning method.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 5C indicates the integrated value of the measured doses of the dose monitor 53A and the irradiation dose measuring device 53B in the irradiation device 500.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 5 (d) indicates the excitation current of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61.
- the irradiation integrated amount shown in FIG. 5C reaches the planned dose determined in advance for each spot. At the same time, the irradiation spot 42 has been irradiated, and movement to the next irradiation spot 42 is started.
- the irradiation to the next irradiation spot 42 is first performed during the change of the excitation amount of the scanning magnet, and after the change of the excitation amount is finished, the change of the excitation amount of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B is stopped until the planned dose is reached, The operation of changing the excitation current of the scanning electromagnets 51A and 51B for shifting to the next spot at the same time when the dose reaches the planned value is repeated.
- the charged particle beam continues to be irradiated between them.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 5 (e) indicates the measurement state of the beam position monitor 52A and the beam position measurement device 52B at each irradiation spot 42, and as described above, the dose during the scanning and when the scanning is stopped reaches the predetermined value.
- the beam position at each irradiation spot 42 is measured by the beam position monitor 52A and the beam position measuring device 52B.
- the irradiation control device 64 calculates the beam position and width (standard deviation) based on the acquired signal, and the irradiation control device 64 in advance. It is determined whether or not the values of the beam position and width are within a desired error range by comparing with allowable values set in the memory.
- the irradiation start of S2 in the irradiation spot 42 is the timing after the end of S1 irradiation in the irradiation spot 42.
- the flow after the completion of S1 in the irradiation spot 42 is repeated after the irradiation of S2 in the irradiation spot 42, and the two-dimensional scanning as shown in FIG. 3 proceeds.
- the affected part 41 shown in FIG. 3 is also shown in accordance with the treatment plan in the same manner as the series of operations from FIG. 4 (a) to (f). Irradiation with a charged particle beam is performed on a layer in the depth direction.
- the beam irradiation is stopped when the distance between the irradiation spots 42 becomes large during irradiation of a certain layer of the affected area 41 shown in FIG. 3, when one layer shown in FIG. 3 is irradiated and changed to a layer of another depth, that is, when the energy of the charged particle beam incident on the irradiation apparatus 500 is changed, an unacceptable beam stop factor has occurred. Case.
- the irradiation control device 64 reads the signals obtained from the beam position monitor 52A and the beam position measurement device 52B from within the irradiation control device 64, and then uses the irradiation control device 64.
- the beam position and its width are calculated, and it is determined whether the calculated value of the position and width of the charged particle beam deviates from the allowable value.
- an interlock signal is output to the accelerator controller 66 via the central controller 65, and the charged particle beam generator 200 is charged. Stop emitting the particle beam.
- the particle beam therapy system it is possible to select, based on prior selection, which of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method is performed depending on the affected part 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated.
- one common charged particle beam generator 200, one common beam transport system 300, one common irradiation device 500, many can be implemented by a common control device 600.
- the control device 600 is a device that controls each device in the synchrotron 20, the beam transport system 300, and the irradiation device 500, and includes an accelerator control device 66, an irradiation control device 64, a central control device 65, a transport system control device 68, and a treatment.
- a planning device 67 is provided.
- the treatment planning device 67 is a device for creating a plan for irradiating a charged particle beam, and based on information on the affected part 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated, any irradiation method of a raster scanning method and a discrete spot scanning method is used. Choose treatment to create a treatment plan.
- the treatment planning device 67 outputs the created treatment plan to the central control device 65.
- the central controller 65 controls the accelerator controller 66 and the irradiation controller so as to perform irradiation control on the affected area 41 of the patient 4 by any one of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method based on the inputted treatment plan. Control signals are output to the control devices 64 and the transport system control device 68.
- the central controller 65 further includes a display unit 65a that displays which one of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method is selected.
- the accelerator control device 66 includes a common control unit 66a used in any irradiation method, a non-stop control unit 66b used only in the raster scanning method, and a stop control unit 66c used only in the discrete spot scanning method.
- Each device in the charged particle beam generator 200 such as the synchrotron 20 is controlled by the controller 66.
- the accelerator controller 66 based on the control signal from the central controller 65, when the irradiation is performed by the raster scanning method, the control is performed by the common control unit 66a and the non-stop control unit 66b, and the irradiation is performed by the discrete spot scanning method. When implemented, control is performed by the common control unit 66a and the stop control unit 66c.
- the common control unit 66a is a control parameter set common to the discrete spot scanning method and the raster scanning method, and particles are incident from the front stage accelerator 21 common to both types of control, and the particles are accelerated by the synchrotron 20. It is used for controlling the former stage accelerator 21, the deflection electromagnet 22 and the acceleration device 23.
- the non-stop control unit 66b is a control parameter set used only in the raster scanning method, and is used when controlling the emission device 24 and the emission switch 25.
- the stop control unit 66c is a control parameter set used only in the discrete spot scanning method, and is used when controlling the emission device 24 and the emission switch 25.
- the accelerator control device 66 can also control both types with a single common control unit by using the stop control unit 66c corresponding to the discrete spot scanning method when irradiating with the raster scanning method. In that case, when irradiating with the raster scanning method, the stop control unit 66c normally transmits a beam OFF signal when the irradiation dose reaches a specified value, and keeps the beam ON until the end of the slice. It will be controlled to do.
- the irradiation control device 64 includes a common control unit 64a used in any irradiation method, a non-stop control unit 64b used only in the raster scanning method, and a stop control unit 64c used only in the discrete spot scanning method. Each device in the device 500 is controlled.
- the irradiation control device 64 based on the control signal from the central control device 65, when the irradiation is performed by the raster scanning method, the control is performed by the common control unit 64a and the non-stop control unit 64b, and the irradiation is performed by the discrete spot scanning method. When implemented, control is performed by the common control unit 64a and the stop control unit 64c.
- the common control unit 64a is a control parameter set common to the discrete spot scanning method and the raster scanning method.
- the common control unit 64a controls power control of the scanning electromagnet power supply 61 that is common to both methods.
- the non-stop control unit 64b is a control parameter set that is used only for the raster scanning method
- the stop control unit 64c is a control parameter set that is used only for the discrete spot scanning method. 52B and irradiation dose measuring device 53B are controlled.
- Transport system control device 68 Controls each device such as the deflection electromagnet 31 in the beam transport system 300.
- the particle beam therapy system can realize both the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method irradiation with a single irradiation apparatus 500 while the basic equipment configuration is the same. It is possible to select an appropriate method according to the object, and it is possible to improve both the irradiation accuracy and increase the dose rate, and various advantages such as shortening the irradiation time can be obtained. For example, when confirming the movement of an affected area such as childhood cancer by X-ray and irradiating in synchronization with the movement, irradiation is performed with high accuracy by a discrete spot scanning method.
- the irradiation time can be shortened by striking continuously for a long period by the raster scanning method.
- both irradiation methods can be realized by a single system, the system is inexpensive and the treatment system can be downsized.
- the beam extraction device 24 having the high frequency application electrode for extraction is used as the beam extraction device
- the beam extraction device is not limited to the extraction device 24, and an extraction quadrupole electromagnet, a betatron core, or the like is used. May be.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the particle beam therapy system according to the second embodiment.
- the particle beam therapy system 101 can also select either the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method depending on the affected area 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated based on the prior selection.
- both the irradiation method of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method can be implemented by one irradiation device 500.
- the treatment planning apparatus 67A of the present embodiment is a selection for the operator to select the irradiation method of the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method when creating the treatment plan.
- the unit 67a1 is included, and a treatment plan by the irradiation method selected by the selection unit 67a1 is created.
- the treatment planning device 67A outputs the created treatment plan to the central control device 65.
- the configuration / operation other than the treatment planning device 67A is substantially the same configuration / operation as the particle beam therapy system of the first embodiment described above, and the details are omitted.
- the dose can be more efficiently achieved by allowing the operator to select from two spot scanning methods at the time of treatment planning or changing the method. It is possible to create a treatment plan with an excellent balance between distribution accuracy and irradiation time.
- the dose is given also between the irradiation spots, so that the entire dose distribution greatly depends not only on the position of the irradiation spot but also on the scanning path and presence / absence of moving object tracking control. Therefore, comparing and confirming the dose distribution when each spot scanning method is selected in the treatment planning stage is preferably performed by the treatment planning device 67A in order to improve the dose distribution accuracy and from its calculation capability. The effect of providing a function capable of selecting two spot scanning methods in the planning device 67A is great.
- two spot scanning methods can be changed by combining a treatment planning device that can select two spot scanning methods with a particle beam treatment system that can be implemented with a single irradiation device that shares the two spot scanning methods.
- a treatment planning device that can select two spot scanning methods with a particle beam treatment system that can be implemented with a single irradiation device that shares the two spot scanning methods.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the particle beam therapy system according to the third embodiment.
- the particle beam therapy system 102 can also select, based on prior selection, either the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method depending on the affected part 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated.
- both the irradiation method of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method can be implemented by one irradiation device 500.
- the central controller 65B of the particle beam therapy system 102 of the present embodiment receives an input of information related to the affected area 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated from the treatment planning apparatus 67B outside the system 102. have.
- the central controller 65B analyzes the information about the affected area 41 of the patient 4 input to the input unit 65b1, and performs irradiation control on the affected area 41 of the patient 4 by any one of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method.
- the control signal is output to the control devices of the accelerator control device 66, the irradiation control device 64, and the transport system control device 68.
- the configuration other than the central control device 65B and the treatment planning device 67B is substantially the same as the configuration of the particle beam therapy system of the first embodiment described above, and details thereof are omitted.
- the input unit 65b1 of the central control device 65B is not limited to a mode of receiving input of information related to the affected part 41 of the patient 4 to be irradiated from the treatment planning device 67B outside the system 102. It can be set as the aspect which inputs the information of selection, the aspect which inputs the information of selection of an operator other than the timing which produces a treatment plan, etc.
- the central controller 65, or the treatment planning device 67 selects either the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method, the dose distribution accuracy, the obtained dose rate, or the treatment time is set. It is also possible to select an irradiation method that is close to a numerical value based on a parameter that is calculated or added to a parameter that is stored in advance, and display these on the display unit 65a. In that case, either the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method is selected by the operator subsequently inputting to the central controller 65B based on the display.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the particle beam therapy system according to the fourth embodiment.
- confirming the position of the affected area is important for forming a dose distribution that matches the shape of the affected area.
- the movement of the chest is measured by the movement of the body surface, the affected area and its surrounding markers or high density
- the raster scanning method irradiates the charged particle beam continuously, there is one aspect that it is not easy to cope with respiratory synchronous irradiation that requires the charged particle beam to be turned on and off irregularly.
- X-rays are irradiated for tracking a moving object during particle beam irradiation by the raster scanning method, there is a problem that there is no timing suitable for exposure of X-rays for which particle beam irradiation has been stopped.
- X-ray exposure for tracking a moving object is performed regardless of particle beam irradiation, there may be a problem in measurement accuracy of irradiation dose and identification accuracy of an affected part.
- This embodiment improves the dose distribution accuracy and increases the dose rate by appropriately using the same irradiation method for the affected part that moves with the movement of the body such as breathing. It is a particle beam therapy system that can achieve both.
- the particle beam therapy system 103 of this embodiment includes a fluoroscopic X-ray imaging apparatus 510.
- the fluoroscopic X-ray imaging apparatus 510 has two X-ray generators that generate imaging X-rays that can be pulsed and two X-ray receivers that detect the generated X-rays.
- the irradiation timing of the X-ray generator is controlled, and each device is installed in the treatment room 400 so that imaging can be performed from two axial directions. That is, the X-ray generator and the X-ray receiver are arranged so as to face each other across the area where the patient is installed, and the X-ray receiver is installed on the irradiation field forming apparatus side.
- Two line segments connecting the facing X-ray generator and the X-ray receiver are installed so as to intersect each other in an area where the affected part 41 of the patient 4 is installed.
- FIG. 9A shows a signal for detecting the movement of the affected part 41, and a threshold value is set for ensuring that the affected part 41 is at a desired position or within a certain range from the desired position. To do.
- the beam is irradiated only when the affected part 41 position detection signal is within the threshold value.
- the irradiation possible timing with the irradiation apparatus 500 in the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 9B, and since this signal is a movement accompanying the movement of the patient, the timing can be irregular.
- the discrete spot scanning is performed. Any method can be easily accommodated.
- the treatment planning device 67C includes information on whether or not the movement of the affected part 41 is detected in the information on the affected part 41 of the patient 4 that is the irradiation target, and the treatment planning device 67C, based on the information, the affected part 41 of the patient 4 that is the irradiation target.
- the treatment plan is created by selecting the irradiation method of the raster scanning method or the discrete spot scanning method. For example, when the movement of the affected part 41 is detected, the discrete spot scanning method is basically selected, and in other cases, the raster scanning method is selected.
- the treatment planning device 67C outputs the created treatment plan to the central control device 65, and the central control device 65 is based on the information regarding the affected area 41 of the patient 4 input from the treatment planning device 67C, and the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning.
- a control signal is output to each control device of the accelerator control device 66, the irradiation control device 64, and the transport system control device 68 so that the irradiation control on the affected part 41 of the patient 4 is performed by any one of the irradiation methods.
- the irradiation control device 64 acquires a fluoroscopic X-ray image by the fluoroscopic X-ray imaging device 510 when the affected part 41 is irradiated with the charged particle beam, and the particle beam is based on the acquired fluoroscopic X-ray image. The irradiation control is performed.
- the configuration other than that described above is substantially the same as that of the particle beam therapy system according to the first embodiment described above, and the operation thereof is basically the same, and therefore details thereof are omitted.
- both types of spot scanning irradiation devices are used in separate treatment rooms or separate irradiations even when performing particle beam irradiation on an affected area that moves with movement of the body such as breathing.
- the movement detecting means is not limited to the fluoroscopic X-ray imaging apparatus 510 and detects respiratory movement. Therefore, a method of monitoring the movement of the body surface, a method of monitoring exhalation accompanying the patient's breathing, and a flow of inspiration at the patient's mouth can be considered.
- the fluoroscopic X-ray imaging apparatus 510 may be arranged to perform imaging from one axial direction, or can be arranged by reversing the arrangement of the X-ray generator and the X-ray receiver.
- the charged particle beam may be irradiated to the affected part 41 with one irradiation apparatus 500 using the irradiation system selected by (1).
- Central controller 65a ... Display unit 65b1 ... Input unit 66 ... Accelerator controller 66a ... Common controller 66b ... Non-stop controller 66c ... Stop controllers 67, 67A, 67B, 67C ... treatment planning device 67a1 ... selection unit 68 ... transport system control device 100, 101, 102, 1 3 ... particle beam therapy system 200 ... charged particle beam generator 300 ... beam transport system 400 ... care 500 ... illumination device 510 ... fluoroscopic X-ray imaging apparatus 600 ... control device
Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記課題を解決する手段を複数含んでいるが、その一例を挙げるならば、照射対象を複数の小領域に分割し、この複数の小領域に粒子線を順次照射する粒子線治療システムであって、前記粒子線を加速する加速器と、この加速器で加速された粒子線を標的に照射する照射装置と、前記加速器および前記照射装置を制御する制御装置とを備え、前記加速器、前記照射装置および前記制御装置は、次の小領域に移動する際に前記粒子線の照射を停止しない照射方式および前記粒子線の照射を停止する照射方式のいずれの照射方式をも前記照射装置で実施可能であることを特徴とする。
本発明の粒子線治療システムの第1の実施形態を、図1乃至図5を用いて説明する。
図5(c)の縦軸は照射装置500内の線量モニタ53Aおよび照射線量計測装置53Bの計測線量の積算値を示す。
本発明の粒子線治療システムの第2の実施形態を図6を用いて説明する。図1乃至図5と同じ構成には同一の符号を示し、説明は省略する。以下の実施形態においても同様とする。図6は第2の実施形態における粒子線治療システムの全体構成を示す概略図である。
本発明の粒子線治療システムの第3の実施形態を図7を用いて説明する。図7は第3の実施形態における粒子線治療システムの全体構成を示す概略図である。
本発明の粒子線治療システムの第4の実施形態を図8および図9を用いて説明する。図8は第4の実施形態における粒子線治療システムの全体構成を示す概略図である。
なお、本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。上記の実施形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施形態の構成の一部を他の実施形態の構成に置き換えることも可能であり、また、ある実施形態の構成に他の実施形態の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることも可能である。
20…シンクロトロン
21…前段加速器
22…偏向電磁石
23…加速装置
24…出射装置
25…出射用スイッチ
26…高周波電源
31…偏向電磁石
41…患部
42…照射スポット
43…経路
51A…X方向走査電磁石
51B…Y方向走査電磁石
52A…ビーム位置モニタ
52B…ビーム位置計測装置
53A…線量モニタ
53B…照射線量計測装置
61…走査電磁石電源
62…電源制御装置
64…照射制御装置
64a…共通制御部
64b…非停止制御部
64c…停止制御部
65,65B…中央制御装置
65a…表示部
65b1…入力部
66…加速器制御装置
66a…共通制御部
66b…非停止制御部
66c…停止制御部
67,67A,67B,67C…治療計画装置
67a1…選択部
68…輸送系制御装置
100,101,102,103…粒子線治療システム
200…荷電粒子ビーム発生装置
300…ビーム輸送系
400…治療室
500…照射装置
510…透視X線撮影装置
600…制御装置
Claims (12)
- 照射対象を複数の小領域に分割し、この複数の小領域に粒子線を順次照射する粒子線治療システムであって、
前記粒子線を加速する加速器と、
この加速器で加速された粒子線を標的に照射する照射装置と、
前記加速器および前記照射装置を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記加速器、前記照射装置および前記制御装置は、次の小領域に移動する際に前記粒子線の照射を停止しない照射方式および前記粒子線の照射を停止する照射方式のいずれの照射方式をも前記照射装置で実施可能である
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記粒子線を照射するための計画を作成する計画装置を更に備え、
この計画装置は前記照射対象に関する情報に基づき、前記停止しない照射方式と前記停止する照射方式とのいずれの照射方式でも治療計画を作成可能であり、作成した治療計画に基づいて前記停止しない照射方式と前記停止する照射方式とのいずれかの照射方式を前記照射装置で実施する
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記粒子線を照射するための計画を作成する計画装置を更に備え、
この計画装置はオペレータの選択に基づき前記停止しない照射方式と前記停止する照射方式とのいずれの照射方式で治療するか選択して治療計画を作成し、この治療計画に基づいて前記停止しない照射方式と前記停止する照射方式とのいずれかの照射方式を前記照射装置で実施する
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記照射対象に関する情報を受ける入力部を有し、
この入力部において入力された前記照射対象に関する情報に基づきいずれの照射方式を実施するかを選択する
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
透視X線撮影装置を更に備え、
照射時にこの透視X線撮影装置によって透視X線画像を取得し、この取得した透視X線画像に基づいて前記粒子線の照射制御を行う場合に、前記次の小領域に移動する際に前記粒子線の照射を停止する照射方式で照射を行う
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記照射対象に依存していずれの照射方式を実施するかを事前に選択可能である
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記停止しない照射方式と前記停止する照射方式とのいずれの照射方式が選択されているかを表示する表示部を更に備えた
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記照射装置を制御する照射制御装置を有し、
この照射制御装置は、いずれの照射方式でも用いる共通制御部と、前記停止しない照射方式のみで用いる非停止制御部と、前記停止する照射方式のみで用いる停止制御部とを有する
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 照射対象を複数の小領域に分割し、この複数の小領域に粒子線を順次照射する粒子線治療の治療計画装置であって、
次の小領域に移動する際に前記粒子線の照射を停止しない照射方式および前記粒子線の照射を停止する照射方式のいずれに基づき治療計画を作成するか選択する機能を有する
ことを特徴とする治療計画装置。 - 粒子線を加速する加速器と、
この加速器で加速された粒子線を標的に照射する照射装置と、
前記加速器および前記照射装置を制御する制御装置と、
ラスタースキャニング法若しくはディスクリートスポットスキャニング法のいずれの照射法で照射するかに関する情報を受け入れる入力部と、を備えた
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項10に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記ラスタースキャニング法及び前記ディスクリートスポットスキャニング法による照射を共通するノズルを介して行う
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。 - 請求項10に記載の粒子線治療システムにおいて、
前記ラスタースキャニング法及び前記ディスクリートスポットスキャニング法による照射における前記加速器の出射制御を共通する加速器制御装置により行う
ことを特徴とする粒子線治療システム。
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