WO2017080164A1 - 一种电镀废水的处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种电镀废水的处理工艺 Download PDF

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WO2017080164A1
WO2017080164A1 PCT/CN2016/082944 CN2016082944W WO2017080164A1 WO 2017080164 A1 WO2017080164 A1 WO 2017080164A1 CN 2016082944 W CN2016082944 W CN 2016082944W WO 2017080164 A1 WO2017080164 A1 WO 2017080164A1
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wastewater
waste water
electroplating wastewater
electroplating
precipitate
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PCT/CN2016/082944
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许先进
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厦门市同利源电气设备有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a purification process of wastewater, in particular to a treatment process of electroplating wastewater.
  • the electroplating industry is an indispensable link in China's national economy. It involves various fields such as national defense, industry, and life. The phenomenon of large demand has also caused excessive development of the electroplating industry, and a large number of electroplating factories have been built. Waste water and waste liquid discharged from an electroplating factory (or workshop), such as plating rinsing water, waste tank liquid, equipment cooling water, and flushing surface water. Due to the large number of plating, the process is cumbersome, the water quality is complex, and the composition is difficult to control.
  • the electroplating wastewater mainly contains heavy metal ions such as chromium, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, gold and silver, and cyanide. These electroplating wastewaters are carcinogenic and teratogenic. The highly toxic substances that are mutagenic have caused great harm to the living environment of humans and other living things. Therefore, the purification treatment of electroplating wastewater is imminent.
  • electroplating wastewater can generally be divided into three categories: the first type is chromium-containing electroplating wastewater, and the chromium ion concentration in the electroplating wastewater is high; the second type is cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater, so that cyanide in electroplating wastewater The root ion concentration is high; the third type is general electroplating wastewater.
  • electroplating wastewater mainly contains various heavy metal ions such as nickel, copper and zinc; the fourth type is pretreatment liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater, etc. There are a large number of complexes in liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater.
  • the electroplating wastewater is usually purified by chemical precipitation method, that is, the electroplating wastewater is classified and shunted, and the chemical agent is added to different types of electroplating wastewater to convert the heavy metal ions in the dissolved state into water-insoluble heavy metals.
  • a method in which a compound is then removed by precipitation which has the following drawbacks:
  • the process is complex, not only the pretreatment requires the separation and treatment of wastewater, but the requirements for process parameters and process environment are higher in the subsequent treatment process;
  • the purification efficiency is not high, the purification effect is not good, it is difficult to meet the national electroplating wastewater discharge standards, if not handled properly, the heavy metals in the sludge are likely to cause secondary pollution to the environment.
  • the inventors have specially designed a treatment process for electroplating wastewater, and the present invention is produced.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a treatment process for electroplating wastewater, to optimize the treatment process, improve the purification efficiency, reduce the input cost, save the waste of resources, and realize the effect of waste treatment and recycling.
  • a treatment process for electroplating wastewater comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Collect chromium-containing electroplating wastewater, cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater, pretreatment liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater, and general electroplating wastewater;
  • Step 2 Introducing chromium-containing electroplating wastewater into the pretreatment liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater, respectively, and oxidizing the complex in the pretreatment liquid, the chemical nickel wastewater and the coke copper wastewater by using chromic acid in the chromium plating wastewater. And then the wastewater after the reaction is separately introduced into the general electroplating wastewater, and mixed in the integrated wastewater tank;
  • Step 3 After the complex is fully broken, the cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater is introduced into the comprehensive wastewater pool for mixing to obtain integrated electroplating wastewater, and then the remaining chromic acid of the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater is reduced by cyanide in the cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater. Precipitate;
  • Step 4 Adjust the ORP value and add a basic substance to produce a precipitate
  • Step 5 After filtering the precipitate in the above step 4, the supernatant is obtained;
  • Step 6 microwave treatment of the supernatant to obtain a precipitate again
  • Step 7 The precipitate in the above step 6 is filtered to complete the treatment of the integrated electroplating wastewater.
  • the ORP value of the supernatant is adjusted to 400-410.
  • the microwave treatment is the physical-microwave water treatment method described in Patent No. ZL200910218277.0.
  • the alkaline substance is slaked lime or sodium hydroxide.
  • the invention optimizes the treatment process of the electroplating wastewater, and does not need to classify and dispose the wastewater in the pretreatment, and does not need to consider the process parameters and the process environment in the subsequent treatment process, the steps are few, and the process is simple;
  • the invention improves the purification efficiency, strengthens the purification effect, achieves the national electroplating wastewater discharge standard, and reduces the secondary pollution to the environment;
  • the invention greatly reduces the input cost, not only does not need more processing steps and processing devices, and does not need to consume too much chemical agent in the process, and uses electroplating wastewater as a raw material in the process, turning waste into treasure, both It protects the environment, saves resources, has obvious economic and social environmental benefits, and is a major innovation in clean production, environmental protection and resource utilization technologies.
  • the invention discloses a treatment process for electroplating wastewater, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Collect chromium-containing electroplating wastewater, cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater, pretreatment liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater, and general electroplating wastewater;
  • Step 2 Introduce chromium-containing electroplating wastewater into pretreatment liquid, chemical nickel wastewater and coke copper wastewater, The chromic acid in the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater is separately oxidized to the complex in the pretreatment liquid, the chemical nickel wastewater and the coke copper wastewater, and the treated wastewater is separately introduced into the general electroplating wastewater and mixed in the integrated wastewater tank;
  • Step 3 After the complex is fully broken, the cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater is introduced into the comprehensive wastewater pool for mixing to obtain integrated electroplating wastewater, and then the remaining chromic acid of the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater is reduced by cyanide in the cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater. Precipitate;
  • Step 4 Adjust the ORP value and add a basic substance to produce a precipitate; there are various kinds of alkaline substances, which may be slaked lime, to more fully react, or sodium hydroxide, to reduce the input cost.
  • alkaline substances which may be slaked lime, to more fully react, or sodium hydroxide, to reduce the input cost.
  • Step 5 After filtering the precipitate in the above step 4, the supernatant is obtained;
  • Step 6 microwave treatment of the supernatant to obtain a precipitate again
  • Step 7 The precipitate in the above step 6 is filtered to complete the treatment of the integrated electroplating wastewater.
  • the ORP value is preferably adjusted to 400-410.
  • the microwave treatment is preferably a physicochemical-microwave water treatment method described in Patent No. ZL200910218277.0, which can more thoroughly filter the supernatant. Cyanide and heavy metal ions.
  • the invention optimizes the treatment process of the electroplating wastewater, and does not need to separate and divide the wastewater during the pretreatment, and does not need to consider the process parameters and the process environment in the subsequent treatment process, the steps are few, and the process is simple;
  • the invention improves the purification efficiency, strengthens the purification effect, achieves the national electroplating wastewater discharge standard, and reduces the secondary pollution to the environment;
  • the invention greatly reduces the input cost, not only does not require more processing steps and processing
  • the device does not need to consume too much chemical agent in the process, and uses electroplating wastewater as a raw material in the process to turn waste into treasure, which not only protects the environment, but also saves resources, has obvious economic and social environmental benefits, and is clean. Major innovations in production, environmental protection and resource utilization technologies.
  • the electroplating wastewater was treated in the above manner, and the corresponding monitoring results were obtained according to the monitoring and analysis method according to Table 1, as shown in Table 2.

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  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

一种电镀废水的处理工艺，包括以下步骤：步骤１：收集含铬电镀废水、含氰电镀废水、前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水和一般电镀废水；步骤２：将含铬电镀废水分别导入前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中，再将反应后的废水分别导入一般电镀废水中，并在综合废水池中进行混合；步骤３：将含氰电镀废水导入综合废水池中进行混合，得到综合电镀废水；步骤４：调节ORP值，并加入碱性物质，产生沉淀物；步骤５：过滤步骤４中的沉淀物后，得到上清液；步骤６：对上清液进行微波处理，再次得到沉淀物；步骤７：过滤步骤６中的沉淀物，完成对综合电镀废水的处理。该处理工艺成本低，并实现了以废治废。

Description

一种电镀废水的处理工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种废水的净化工艺，特别涉及一种电镀废水的处理工艺。
背景技术
电镀行业是我国国民经济中不可缺少的环节，涉及国防、工业、生活等各个领域，需求量大的现象同样也造成了电镀行业的过度发展，电镀工厂大量建设。电镀工厂(或车间)排出的废水和废液，如镀件漂洗水、废槽液、设备冷却水和冲洗地面水等。由于镀种较多，工艺繁琐，其水质复杂，成分不易控制，电镀废水主要含有铬、镉、镍、铜、锌、金、银等重金属离子和氰化物等，这些电镀废水属于致癌、致畸、致突变的剧毒物质，对人类及其他生物的生存环境都造成了极大的危害，因此，电镀废水的净化处理迫在眉睫。
现有技术中，电镀废水一般可以分为三类：第一类为含铬电镀废水，这种电镀废水中的铬离子浓度偏高；第二类为含氰电镀废水，这样电镀废水中的氰根离子浓度偏高；第三类为一般电镀废水，一般电镀废水主要含有多种重金属离子，如镍、铜和锌；第四类为前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水等，前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中均存有大量的络合物。目前，通常采用化学沉淀法对电镀废水作净化处理，即先将电镀废水分类分流，再将化学药剂添加至不同类型的电镀废水中，使水中呈溶解状态的重金属离子转变为不溶于水的重金属化合物，然后通过沉淀进行去除的方法，该方法工艺存在以下缺陷：
一、工艺复杂，不仅预处理时需要对废水分类分流处理，而且后续的处理过程中对工艺参数和工艺环境的要求较高；
二、净化效率不高，净化效果不佳，难以达到国家电镀废水的排放标准，若处理不当，污泥中的重金属容易对环境造成二次污染。
三、投入成本极高，需要较多的处理工艺步骤和处理装置，并且在处理过程中需要耗费极大的化学药剂，废水中的重金属容易浪费，迄今为止的处理工艺无法实现变废为宝、资源再生和有效利用的效果；
有鉴于此，本发明人专门设计了一种电镀废水的处理工艺，本案由此产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电镀废水的处理工艺，以优化处理工艺，提高净化效率，降低投入成本，节约资源浪费，并且实现以废治废，资源化再利用的效果。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种电镀废水的处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：收集含铬电镀废水、含氰电镀废水、前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水和一般电镀废水；
步骤2：将含铬电镀废水分别导入前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中，借助含铬电镀废水中的铬酸分别氧化前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中的络合物，再将反应后的废水分别导入一般电镀废水中，并在综合废水池中进行混合；
步骤3：待络合物充分破除后，将含氰电镀废水导入综合废水池中进行混合，得到综合电镀废水，再借助含氰电镀废水中的氰化物还原含铬电镀废水剩余的铬酸，得到沉淀物；
步骤4：调节ORP值，并加入碱性物质，产生沉淀物；
步骤5：过滤上述步骤4中的沉淀物后，得到上清液；
步骤6：对上清液进行微波处理，再次得到沉淀物；
步骤7：过滤上述步骤6中的沉淀物，完成对综合电镀废水的处理。
所述步骤5中，将上清液的ORP值调至400-410。
所述步骤6中，微波处理为专利号ZL200910218277.0所述的物化——微波水处理方法。
所述步骤4中，碱性物质为熟石灰或氢氧化钠。
采用上述方案后，本发明的有益效果是：
一、本发明优化了电镀废水的处理工艺，既无需在预处理时需要对废水分类分流处理，也无需过于考虑后续处理过程中的工艺参数和工艺环境，步骤较少，工艺简单；
二、本发明提高了净化效率，加强了净化效果，达到了国家电镀废水的排放标准，减少对环境的二次污染；
三、本发明大大降低了投入成本，不仅无需较多的处理工艺步骤和处理装置，并且在处理过程中无需耗费过多的化学药剂，用电镀废水作为工艺中的原材料，变废为宝，既保护了环境，又节约了资源，具有明显的经济和社会环境效益，是清洁生产、环境保护和资源利用技术的重大创新。
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
本发明揭示的一种电镀废水的处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：收集含铬电镀废水、含氰电镀废水、前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水和一般电镀废水；
步骤2：将含铬电镀废水分别导入前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中， 借助含铬电镀废水中的铬酸分别氧化前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中的络合物，再将反应后的废水分别导入一般电镀废水中，并在综合废水池中进行混合；
步骤3：待络合物充分破除后，将含氰电镀废水导入综合废水池中进行混合，得到综合电镀废水，再借助含氰电镀废水中的氰化物还原含铬电镀废水剩余的铬酸，得到沉淀物；
步骤4：调节ORP值，并加入碱性物质，产生沉淀物；碱性物质有多种，可以是熟石灰，以更加充分地反应，还可以是氢氧化钠，降低投入成本。
步骤5：过滤上述步骤4中的沉淀物后，得到上清液；
步骤6：对上清液进行微波处理，再次得到沉淀物；
步骤7：过滤上述步骤6中的沉淀物，完成对综合电镀废水的处理。
为了进一步优化电镀废水的处理效果，在步骤5中，将ORP值优选调至400-410。
为了充分去除上清液中的氰化物和重金属离子，在步骤6中，微波处理优选为专利号ZL200910218277.0所述的物化——微波水处理方法，该方法能够更加彻底地过滤上清液中的氰化物和重金属离子。
本发明的有益效果是：
一、本发明优化了电镀废水的处理工艺，既无需在预处理时需要对废水分类分流，也无需过于考虑后续处理过程中的工艺参数和工艺环境，步骤较少，工艺简单；
二、本发明提高了净化效率，加强了净化效果，达到了国家电镀废水的排放标准，减少对环境的二次污染；
三、本发明大大降低了投入成本，不仅无需较多的处理工艺步骤和处理 装置，并且在处理过程中无需耗费过多的化学药剂，用电镀废水作为工艺中的原材料，变废为宝，既保护了环境，又节约了资源，具有明显的经济和社会环境效益，是清洁生产、环境保护和资源利用技术的重大创新。
通过上述方式处理电镀废水，其按照表1的监测分析依据方法得到相应的监测结果，详见表2。
表1监测分析依据方法
Figure PCTCN2016082944-appb-000001
表2监测结果报告单
Figure PCTCN2016082944-appb-000002
上述实施例和图式并非限定本发明的产品形态和式样，任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰，皆应视为不脱离本发明的专利范畴。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种电镀废水的处理工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：收集含铬电镀废水、含氰电镀废水、前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水和一般电镀废水；
    步骤2：将含铬电镀废水分别导入前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中，借助含铬电镀废水中的铬酸分别氧化前处理液、化学镍废水和焦铜废水中的络合物，再将反应后的废水分别导入一般电镀废水中，并在综合废水池中进行混合；
    步骤3：待络合物充分破除后，将含氰电镀废水导入综合废水池中进行混合，得到综合电镀废水，再借助含氰电镀废水中的氰化物还原含铬电镀废水剩余的铬酸，得到沉淀物；
    步骤4：调节ORP值，并加入碱性物质，产生沉淀物；
    步骤5：过滤上述步骤4中的沉淀物后，得到上清液；
    步骤6：对上清液进行微波处理，再次得到沉淀物；
    步骤7：过滤上述步骤6中的沉淀物，完成对综合电镀废水的处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤5中，将ORP值调至400-410。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤6中，微波处理为专利号ZL200910218277.0所述的物化——微波水处理方法。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤4中，碱性物质为熟石灰或氢氧化钠。
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