WO2017073653A1 - 表面被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
表面被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017073653A1 WO2017073653A1 PCT/JP2016/081852 JP2016081852W WO2017073653A1 WO 2017073653 A1 WO2017073653 A1 WO 2017073653A1 JP 2016081852 W JP2016081852 W JP 2016081852W WO 2017073653 A1 WO2017073653 A1 WO 2017073653A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cutting tool
- coated cutting
- upper layer
- tool
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
Definitions
- the invention of the present application shows excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance without causing peeling of the hard coating layer in cutting of hard materials such as hardened steel, and excellent cutting performance over a long period of use. Relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool).
- a coated tool a surface-coated cutting tool
- a coated tool for throwing inserts that can be used detachably attached to the tip of a cutting tool for turning and planing of various materials such as steel and cast iron, and for drilling and cutting the work material
- Many proposals have been made for the purpose of improving the cutting performance of the coated tool.
- Patent Document 1 Cr, Al, and Si are formed on the surface of a tool base such as tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) -based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) -based cermet.
- WC tungsten carbide
- TiCN titanium carbonitride
- Patent Document 2 includes, on the surface of the substrate, an element selected from one or more of 4a, 5a, and 6a group metals of the periodic table as a metal element and Al and an Si element, and N,
- the Si and B-containing coating is separated from the crystalline phase.
- the excess hardness can be obtained without sacrificing the high hardness of the Si-containing wear-resistant coating. It has been proposed to suppress embrittlement due to residual compressive stress and improve the toughness of the Si-containing wear-resistant coating. Furthermore, it is described that it is effective in improving oxidation resistance by substituting less than 10 atomic% of the film component with Cu.
- Patent Document 3 in a coated tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base, at least one layer of a hard film is (MaLb) Xc (where M is Cr, Al, Ti, Hf, V, Zr). , Ta, Mo, W, Y represents at least one metal element selected from L, and L represents at least one additive element selected from Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, B, Si, S X represents at least one nonmetallic element selected from C, N, and O, a represents the atomic ratio of M to the sum of M and L, and b represents the sum of M and L C represents the atomic ratio of X with respect to the sum of M and L.
- a coated tool with improved hardness, oxidation resistance, toughness, and wear resistance of the hard coating has been proposed. Further, it is described that when Cu is described that when Cu is described that when
- Japanese Patent No. 3781374 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-34186 (A) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-31517 (A) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-73800 (A) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-39838 (A)
- the inventors of the present application are accompanied by high heat generation, such as high-speed milling processing of high hardness materials such as hardened steel, and a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting blade from the above viewpoint.
- high heat generation such as high-speed milling processing of high hardness materials such as hardened steel
- the hard coating layer of the conventional coated tool is configured.
- the Al component of the (Al, Cr, Si) N layer constituting the hard coating layer is high-temperature hardness, and the Cr component improves high-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength.
- the high-temperature oxidation resistance is improved, and the Si component has the effect of improving the heat-resistant plastic deformation.
- the Cr content ratio is increased. Even if it is going to improve high temperature toughness and high temperature strength by this, abrasion resistance will fall by the relative reduction
- the inventor of the present application aims to improve wear resistance by refining crystal grains by adding Cu as a component of the hard coating layer made of the (Al, Cr, Si) N layer, In order to improve the toughness of the hard coating layer by making the crystal structure a hexagonal crystal structure, and further provide a lower layer for improving the adhesion strength between the hard coating layer and the tool base, or to further increase the adhesion strength,
- By forming an intermediate layer between the lower layer and the upper layer high heat generation occurs, such as high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, and there is a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge. It has been found that even under such cutting conditions, it is possible to achieve both excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance without causing peeling or the like.
- the hard coating layer comprises at least a lower layer and an upper layer
- the lower layer is composed of a composite nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si having an average layer thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m
- the lower layer includes: When represented by the composition formula: (Al 1- ⁇ - ⁇ Ti ⁇ Si ⁇ ) N, 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.50, 0.01 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.10 (where ⁇ and ⁇ are atomic ratios)
- the upper layer is composed of a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si and Cu having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the upper layer is When expressed by the composition formula: (Al 1-abc Cr a Si b Cu c ) N, 0.15 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.40, 0.05 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.20, 0.005 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05 (where a, b, and c are atomic ratios) (C)
- a surface-coated cutting tool characterized by an angle of 0 to 3.5 °.
- the thin layer A is When expressed by the composition formula: (Al 1-abc Cr a Si b Cu c ) N, 0.15 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.40, 0.05 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.20, 0.005 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05 (where a, b, and c are atomic ratios) It consists of a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si and Cu with a thickness of 0.005 to 0.10 ⁇ m, (B) The thin layer B is When represented by the composition formula: (Al 1- ⁇ - ⁇ Ti ⁇ Si ⁇ ) N, Al and Ti satisfying 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.50 and 0.01 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.10 (where ⁇ and ⁇ are
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to (1) comprising a composite nitride layer of Si and Si. (3) The surface-coated cutting tool according to (1) or (2), wherein the upper layer contains a cubic crystal together with a hexagonal crystal. (4) When the diffraction peak intensity of the cubic (200) plane of the upper layer is c (200) and the diffraction peak intensity of the hexagonal (110) plane is h (110), the peak intensity ratio c (200) / The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein h (110) ⁇ 1.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the coated cutting tool of the present invention”) will be described in detail.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional schematic view of the coated cutting tool of the present invention, and shows one form of the coated cutting tool of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B shows the schematic longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coated cutting tool of this invention, and shows another form of the coated cutting tool of this invention.
- a composite nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si hereinafter referred to as “(Al, Ti, Si) N layer”
- (Al, Ti, Si) N layer) which is a lower layer, may be formed on the surface of a tool base made of a tungsten carbide base cemented carbide.
- a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu (hereinafter, also referred to as “(Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer”) is formed on the lower layer. It is coated as an upper layer.
- an intermediate layer having an alternately laminated structure of thin layers A and B is interposed between the lower layer and the upper layer shown in FIG. 1A.
- the thin layer A has the same components as the upper layer.
- the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer has a composition
- the thin layer B has an (Al, Ti, Si) N layer having the same composition as the lower layer.
- composition of the composite nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si constituting the thin layer B of the lower layer or intermediate layer Al component in the composition formula of the composite nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si (hereinafter also referred to as “(Al, Ti, Si) N layer”) constituting the thin layer B of the lower layer or the intermediate layer,
- Al component in the composition formula of the composite nitride layer of Al, Ti, and Si (hereinafter also referred to as “(Al, Ti, Si) N layer”) constituting the thin layer B of the lower layer or the intermediate layer
- the Si component improves the wear resistance of the lower layer or the intermediate thin layer B
- the Ti component improves the high temperature toughness and the high temperature strength of the lower layer or the intermediate thin layer B.
- the (Al, Ti, Si) N layer is a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu (hereinafter referred to as “(Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer ”))), the peel resistance of the hard coating layer is enhanced when a large impact or mechanical load is applied during the cutting process.
- the ⁇ value (atomic ratio) indicating the content ratio of Ti in the total amount of Al, Ti, and Si is less than 0.3, high temperature toughness and high temperature strength cannot be expected to be improved.
- the value exceeds 0.5 the minimum required high-temperature hardness and high-temperature oxidation resistance cannot be ensured due to a decrease in the relative proportion of Al and Si components.
- the ⁇ value (atomic ratio) indicating the proportion of Si in the total amount of Al, Ti and Si is less than 0.01, the minimum required high temperature hardness, high temperature oxidation resistance, and heat plastic deformation are required. Therefore, when the ⁇ value exceeds 0.10, the wear resistance improving action tends to be reduced.
- the ⁇ value (atomic ratio) indicating the Ti content ratio is 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.50
- the ⁇ value (atomic ratio) indicating the Si content ratio is 0.01 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.10. Determined.
- particularly desirable ranges are 0.35 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.42 and 0.03 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.08.
- composition of the composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si and Cu constituting the thin layer A of the upper layer or intermediate layer The Al component in the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer constituting the thin layer A of the upper layer or the intermediate layer improves high-temperature hardness, and the Cr component improves high-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength, and Al and Cr.
- the Si component has the effect of improving the heat-resistant plastic deformation
- the Cu component has wear resistance by miniaturizing the crystal grains. There is an action to improve.
- the a value (atomic ratio) indicating the content ratio of Cr in the total amount of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu in the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is less than 0.15, it is at least necessary. The high temperature toughness and high temperature strength cannot be ensured, so the occurrence of chipping and defects cannot be suppressed.
- the a value exceeds 0.40 the relative Al content decreases. Since the progress of wear is promoted, the value a is set to 0.15 to 0.40.
- the b value (atomic ratio) indicating the content ratio of Si in the total amount of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu is less than 0.05, it is possible to expect an improvement in wear resistance by improving the heat-resistant plastic deformation.
- Average thickness of the lower layer When the upper layer composed of (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is deposited directly on the surface of the tool substrate by physical vapor deposition, residual compressive stress is generated in the layer, so it is used under severe cutting conditions. The compressive residual stress makes the adhesion between the tool base and the upper layer unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the adhesion strength between the tool base surface and the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer. For this reason, the (Al, Ti, Si) N layer is provided on the lower surface of the tool base surface. It is effective to increase the adhesion strength. If the layer thickness of the lower layer is less than 0.3 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be obtained.
- the thickness of the lower layer is set to 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Average top layer thickness The upper layer composed of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer cannot exhibit excellent wear resistance over a long period of use when the average layer thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, while the average layer When the thickness exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, chipping and defects are likely to occur. Therefore, the average layer thickness of the upper layer made of (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is set to 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m. .
- the hard coating layer has a resistance to resistance under cutting conditions that generate high heat, such as high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, and are subject to a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge.
- the composition and layer thickness of the upper layer composed of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer were determined as described above. By making the crystal structure hexagonal, chipping resistance can be further improved.
- the formation of a hard film using an AIP apparatus is well known, but it is formed when an Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy is used as a target under normal conditions (Al, Cr, Si, The Cu) N layer has a cubic crystal structure or is mainly composed of a cubic crystal structure. Therefore, in the present invention, when the film is formed by the AIP apparatus 6 using the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B as a target, the film is formed in a magnetic field and applied to the target surface at the maximum. By controlling the magnetic flux density and the bias voltage, it is possible to form an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer made of a hexagonal crystal rather than a cubic crystal.
- the maximum magnetic flux density applied to the target surface is 7 to 15 mT (millitesla), and the bias voltage applied to the tool substrate is adjusted within the range of ⁇ 75 to ⁇ 150 V, so that the cubic structure is not obtained.
- An (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer made of a hexagonal crystal can be formed.
- the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is composed of a hexagonal crystal structure, so that the toughness can be improved without causing a decrease in wear resistance. Chipping property is improved.
- the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer provided in the coated cutting tool of the present invention can be composed entirely of hexagonal structure crystals, but the layer contains a slight amount of cubic structure crystals.
- the chipping resistance and the wear resistance are not adversely affected.
- the diffraction peak intensity of the cubic (200) plane obtained by X-ray diffraction exceeds the diffraction peak intensity of the hexagonal (110) plane, the wear resistance is improved but the chipping resistance is lowered.
- the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is all hexagonal, and the crystal of the cubic structure is slightly contained in the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer.
- the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer may be expressed mainly as a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the chipping resistance of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer tends to decrease, so that 2 ⁇ measured by X-ray diffraction is from 55 °.
- the full width at half maximum for the diffraction peak from the (110) plane existing in the range of 65 ° is 1.0 ° or more and 3.5 ° or less.
- Total average layer thickness of intermediate layer and average layer thickness of thin layer A and thin layer B In the present invention, in order to improve the adhesion strength between the upper layer composed of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer and the tool base, the lower layer composed of the (Al, Ti, Si) N layer is provided on the surface of the tool base. In order to increase the adhesion strength between the upper layer made of (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer and the lower layer made of (Al, Ti, Si) N layer, the upper layer-lower layer is formed. In addition, it is desirable to form an intermediate layer formed by alternately laminating thin layers A and B.
- the thin layer A is composed of an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer having the same component composition as the upper layer
- the thin layer B is composed of (Al, Ti, Si) having the same component composition as the lower layer. ) It is composed of N layers. If the average layer thickness of each of the thin layers A and B is less than 0.005 ⁇ m, it is difficult to clearly form each thin layer as having a predetermined composition, and wear resistance by the thin layer A The improvement effect and the high temperature toughness improvement effect by the thin layer B are not sufficiently exhibited.
- the layer thickness of each of the thin layer A and the thin layer B exceeds 0.10 ⁇ m, the disadvantages of the respective thin layers, If it is thin layer A, insufficient strength will appear, and if it is thin layer B, insufficient wear resistance will appear locally in the layer, which may lead to deterioration of the properties of the entire intermediate layer and, consequently, the entire hard coating layer. Therefore, it is desirable that the average layer thickness of each of the thin layer A and the thin layer B is 0.005 to 0.10 ⁇ m. That is, the thin layer B is provided in order to compensate for insufficient characteristics among the characteristics of the thin layer A, but the thickness of each of the thin layers A and B is 0.005 to 0.10 ⁇ m.
- the hard coating layer composed of the alternately laminated structure of the thin layer A and the thin layer B has excellent high temperature toughness without impairing high temperature hardness, high temperature oxidation resistance, and heat plastic deformation, It acts as if it is a single layer with high temperature strength, and increases the adhesion strength between the upper layer and the lower layer, but when the layer thickness of the thin layer A and the thin layer B exceeds 0.10 ⁇ m, The lack of strength of the thin layer A and the lack of wear resistance of the thin layer B become apparent.
- the intermediate layer composed of the alternately laminated structure of the thin layer A and the thin layer B cannot exhibit excellent characteristics when the total average layer thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, and the total average layer thickness is 1.
- the total average layer thickness of the intermediate layer composed of the alternately laminated structure of the thin layers A and B is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m. More preferably, the thickness is 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention has an adhesion strength by providing a lower layer made of an (Al, Ti, Si) N layer between an upper layer made of an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer and a tool base.
- the adhesion strength can be further increased by interposing an intermediate layer composed of alternating layers of thin layers A and B between the upper layer and the lower layer.
- (110) plane diffraction existing in the range of 2 ⁇ 55 to 65 ° when X-ray diffraction is performed on the covering layer, which is composed of a crystal structure-based (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer. Since the half width of the peak is 1.0 to 3.5 °, the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer has excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance.
- the coated cutting tool of the invention of the present application generates peeling even in high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, which is accompanied by high heat generation and has a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge. In addition, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance over a long period of time.
- the schematic longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coated cutting tool of this invention is shown, and one form of the coated cutting tool of this invention is shown.
- the schematic longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coated cutting tool of this invention is shown, and another form of the coated cutting tool of this invention is shown.
- It is a schematic plan view of the arc ion plating apparatus used for forming the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer provided in the coated cutting tool of the present invention.
- An example of the X-ray diffraction chart measured about the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer with which the coated cutting tool of this invention is provided is shown.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
- a case where a WC-based cemented carbide is used as a tool base will be described.
- a TiCN-based cermet, a cubic boron nitride sintered body, and a high-speed tool steel are used as a tool base. Is the same.
- the green compacts were extruded and pressed, and these green compacts were heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 7 ° C./min in a 6 Pa vacuum atmosphere.
- Conditions for furnace cooling after holding at this temperature for 1 hour Sintered to form a round tool sintered body for forming a tool base having a diameter of 10 mm, and further, from the round bar sintered body, a diameter x length of a cutting edge portion is 6 mm x 12 mm by grinding.
- WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (end mills) 1 to 3 each having a two-blade ball shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees were manufactured.
- Each of the above tool bases 1 to 3 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and in a radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table 2 of the AIP device 6 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- a target (cathode electrode) 9 made of an Al—Ti—Si alloy having a predetermined composition is placed on one side of the AIP device 6, and an Al—Cr—Si— having a predetermined composition is placed on the other side.
- a target (cathode electrode) 5 made of a Cu alloy is disposed,
- the tool base 3 is heated to 400 ° C.
- the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 has a direct current of ⁇ 1000 V.
- a bias voltage is applied, and a current of 100 A is passed between the Al—Ti—Si alloy cathode electrode 9 and the anode electrode 10 to generate an arc discharge.
- nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to obtain the nitrogen pressure shown in Table 2, and the temperature of the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 is in the temperature range shown in Table 2.
- the tool is applied with a DC bias voltage shown in Table 2, and a current of 100 A is passed between the Al—Ti—Si alloy target 9 and the anode electrode 10 to generate an arc discharge.
- a lower layer LL composed of an (Al, Ti, Si) N layer having a composition and a target average layer thickness shown in Table 3 is formed on the surface of the substrate 3 by vapor deposition.
- D Next, a magnetic field controlled to various maximum magnetic flux densities shown in Table 2 is applied to the surface of the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy target, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reactive gas.
- the temperature of the tool base 3 rotating while rotating on the turntable 2 is maintained within the temperature range shown in Table 2, and the DC bias voltage shown in Table 2 is applied, and the Al- An arc discharge is generated by passing a current of 100 A between the Cr—Si—Cu alloy target 5 and the anode electrode 7, so that the composition shown in Table 3 and the target average layer thickness ( By vapor-depositing a hard coating layer made of an Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer, Surface coated end mills 1 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as the present invention 1 to 10) as the coated cutting tools of the present invention shown in Table 3 were produced.
- Each of the WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (end mills) 1 to 3 manufactured in Example 1 was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then the rotary table of the AIP apparatus shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Attached along the outer periphery at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the upper central axis, a target (cathode electrode) 9 made of an Al—Ti—Si alloy having a predetermined composition is placed on one side of the AIP device 6 on the other side. A target (cathode electrode) 5 made of an Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy having a predetermined composition is disposed, (A) First, the tool base 3 is heated to 400 ° C.
- the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 has a direct current of ⁇ 1000 V.
- a bias voltage is applied, and a current of 100 A is passed between the Al—Ti—Si alloy cathode electrode 9 and the anode electrode 10 to generate an arc discharge.
- nitrogen gas is introduced as a reactive gas into the apparatus to obtain the nitrogen pressure shown in Table 4, and the temperature of the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 is in the temperature range shown in Table 4.
- the tool base is maintained by applying a DC bias voltage as shown in Table 4 and causing a current of 100 A to flow between the Al—Ti—Si alloy target 9 and the anode electrode 10 to generate an arc discharge.
- 3 is formed by vapor-depositing a lower layer made of an (Al, Ti, Si) N layer having a composition and a target average layer thickness shown in Table 5 on the surface of (C)
- nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to obtain the nitrogen pressure shown in Table 4, and the temperature of the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 is in the temperature range shown in Table 4.
- a discharge was generated, and a thin layer B composed of an (Al, Ti, Si) N layer having the composition shown in Table 5 and an average layer thickness was deposited on the surface of the thin layer A formed as described above, (E) By repeating the above (c) and (d) alternately, the intermediate layer is formed until the predetermined total average layer thickness shown in Table 5 consisting of the alternating layered structure ASL of the thin layers A and B is obtained. Vapor deposition, (F) Next, a magnetic field controlled to have various maximum magnetic flux densities shown in Table 4 is applied to the surface of the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy target 5, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reactive gas.
- the temperature of the tool base 3 that rotates while rotating on the rotary table 2 is maintained within the temperature range shown in Table 4, and the DC bias voltage shown in Table 4 is applied, and the Al pressure shown in FIG.
- An arc discharge is generated by flowing a current of 100 A between the Cr—Si—Cu alloy target 5 and the anode electrode 7, so that the composition shown in Table 5 and the target average layer thickness ( By vapor-depositing a hard coating layer made of an Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer, Surface coated end mills 11 to 20 (hereinafter referred to as the present invention 11 to 20) as coated cutting tools of the present invention shown in Table 5 were produced.
- each of the WC-base cemented carbide tool substrates (end mills) 1 to 3 produced in Example 1 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the AIP device 6 is mounted along the outer periphery at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the turntable 2 of the AIP device 6, and a target (cathode electrode) made of an Al—Ti—Si alloy having a predetermined composition is placed on one of the AIP devices 6.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 10 surface-coated end mills 1 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as Comparative Examples 1 to 10) as comparative example-coated tools shown in Table 7 were produced.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 the lower layer LL and the intermediate layer IL are not formed, and in Comparative Examples 3 to 6, the intermediate layer IL is not formed.
- compositions of the hard coating layers of the present invention 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 prepared above were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). ). Further, the layer thickness was measured by a cross-section using a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope, and the average layer thickness was calculated from the average value of the five measured values. Further, for the present inventions 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 prepared above, a hard coating layer (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer was subjected to X-ray diffraction and the background was removed to show a hexagonal crystal structure.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the peak of the (110) plane that appears in the range of 2 ⁇ 55 to 65 ° was fitted with the Pseudo Voigt function, and the half width of the peak was measured.
- X-ray diffraction was measured by the 2 ⁇ - ⁇ method using CuK ⁇ rays using a Spectris PANalytical Empire as an X-ray diffractometer, and measurement conditions (2 ⁇ ): 30 to 80 degrees, X-ray output: The measurement was performed under the conditions of 45 kV, 40 mA, divergent slit: 0.5 degree, scan step: 0.013 degree, measurement time per step: 0.48 sec / step. Tables 3, 5 and 7 show the measured and calculated values.
- cutting conditions A Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD11 (60HRC) plate material, Cutting speed: 100 m / min, Rotational speed: 5400 min. -1 , Incision: ae 0.25 mm, ap 2 mm, Feed rate (per blade): 0.04 mm / tooth Cutting length: 50 m Further, a side cutting test of high-speed tool steel was performed under the following conditions (referred to as cutting condition B).
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention includes a lower layer and an intermediate layer having a predetermined composition and an average layer thickness as a hard coating layer, and (Al, Cr) having a predetermined composition and an average layer thickness.
- Si, Cu including an upper layer composed of an N layer
- the crystal of the upper layer is mainly a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the half-width of the diffraction peak of the (110) plane is 1.0 to 3.5 °, so that it has excellent chipping resistance, peeling resistance and wear resistance in cutting of hard materials such as hardened steel.
- the hard coating layer has a predetermined composition, a lower layer having an average layer thickness, a layer having no intermediate layer, or a composition or crystal of an upper layer made of an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer.
- the service life can be reached in a relatively short time due to occurrence of chipping, peeling, or progress of wear. it is obvious.
- the results shown in Table 8 above are for the coated cutting tool of the present invention using a WC-based cemented carbide as a tool substrate, but the tool substrate is not limited to a WC-based cemented carbide.
- TiCN-based cermet, cubic boron nitride sintered body, high-speed tool steel can be used as a tool base, and the coated cutting tool of the present invention using these as a tool base is excellent as in the above-described embodiment. Chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance are demonstrated over a long period of use.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time when subjected to high-speed milling of a hard material such as hardened steel.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年10月28日に、日本に出願された特願2015-211484号及び2016年10月26日に、日本に出願された特願2016-209195号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そして、被覆工具の切削性能改善を目的として、従来から、数多くの提案がなされている。
また、特許文献2~4に示される従来被覆工具においては、硬質被覆層成分としてCuを含有させ、結晶粒の微細化を図ることによって耐摩耗性を向上させることが提案されているが、耐摩耗性が向上する反面、靭性が低下することによってチッピングの発生を抑制することができず、工具寿命は依然として短命である。
さらに、特許文献5に示される従来被覆工具においては、通常の炭素鋼、合金鋼等の切削加工においては、すぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮するものの、焼入れ鋼等の高硬度材の切削においては、長期の使用にわたっての十分に満足できる耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性が発揮されるとはいえない。
(1)炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体および高速度工具鋼のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、前記硬質被覆層は少なくとも下部層と上部層からなり、
(a)前記下部層は、平均層厚0.3~3.0μmのAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層からなり、前記下部層は、
組成式:(Al1-α-βTiαSiβ)Nで表した場合、
0.30≦α≦0.50、0.01≦β≦0.10(ただし、α、βはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
(b)前記上部層は、平均層厚0.5~5.0μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層からなり、
前記上部層は、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
(c)前記上部層の結晶構造は六方晶構造からなり、該上部層についてX線回折により求めた2θ=55~65°の範囲に存在する(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅は1.0~3.5°であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(2)前記(1)に記載の表面被覆切削工具において、前記下部層と上部層との間に、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる合計平均層厚0.1~1.0μmの中間層が介在形成され、
(a)前記薄層Aは、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、一層平均層厚0.005~0.10μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層からなり、
(b)前記薄層Bは、
組成式:(Al1-α-βTiαSiβ)Nで表した場合、
0.30≦α≦0.50、0.01≦β≦0.10(ただし、α、βはいずれも原子比)を満足し、一層平均層厚0.005~0.10μmのAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層からなることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
(3)前記上部層は、該層中に六方晶構造の結晶とともに立方晶構造の結晶を含有することを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
(4)前記上部層の立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたとき、ピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1であることを特徴とする前記(1)から(3)のいずれか一つに記載の表面被覆切削工具。
図1Aにおいて、炭化タングステン基超硬合金からなる工具基体の表面に、下部層であるAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層(以下、「(Al、Ti、Si)N層」で示す場合もある。)が被覆形成され、該下部層上に、AlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層(以下、「(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層」で示す場合もある。)が上部層として被覆形成される。
図1Bにおいて、図1Aで示した下部層と上部層の間には、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる中間層が介在形成され、薄層Aは、前記上部層と同一成分組成の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなり、また、薄層Bは、前記下部層と同一成分組成の(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる。
下部層あるいは中間層の薄層Bを構成するAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層(以下、「(Al、Ti、Si)N層」で示す場合もある。)の組成式におけるAl成分、Si成分は、下部層あるいは中間層の薄層Bにおける耐摩耗性を向上し、また、Ti成分は下部層あるいは中間層の薄層Bにおける高温靭性、高温強度改善する。
さらに、(Al、Ti、Si)N層は、工具基体および上部層あるいは中間層の薄層AであるAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層(以下、「(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層」で示す場合もある。)との密着強度にすぐれるため、切削加工時に大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷が作用した場合に、硬質被覆層の耐剥離性を高める。
したがって、Tiの含有割合を示すα値(原子比)は0.30≦α≦0.50、また、Siの含有割合を示すβ値(原子比)は0.01≦β≦0.10と定めた。
なお、上記α、βについて、特に望ましい範囲は、0.35≦α≦0.42、0.03≦β≦0.08である。
上部層あるいは中間層の薄層Aを構成する(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層におけるAl成分には高温硬さ、同Cr成分には高温靭性、高温強度を向上させると共に、AlおよびCrが共存含有した状態で高温耐酸化性を向上させ、さらに同Si成分には耐熱塑性変形性を向上させる作用があり、また、Cu成分には、結晶粒の微細化を図ることによって耐摩耗性を向上させる作用がある。
なお、上記a、b、cについて、望ましい範囲は、0.15≦a≦0.25、0.05≦b≦0.15、0.01≦c≦0.03である。
工具基体表面上に直接、物理蒸着で(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層を蒸着形成すると、層内には残留圧縮応力が発生するため、厳しい切削加工条件下で使用すると、この圧縮残留応力によって、工具基体-上部層間の密着力が不安定になる。そこで、工具基体表面と(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層との間の付着強度をより高めておく必要があり、そのため、工具基体表面に(Al、Ti、Si)N層を下部層として形成し、付着強度を高めることが有効である。
下部層の層厚は、0.3μm未満では、密着力向上効果が得られず、一方、層厚が3.0μmを超えると、残留圧縮応力の蓄積により、クラックが発生しやすくなり安定した密着力を確保できなくなることから、下部層の層厚は、0.3~3.0μm、望ましくは、0.5~2.0μmと定めた。
(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層は、その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮することはできず、一方、その平均層厚が5.0μmを超えると、チッピング、欠損を発生しやすくなるので、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層の平均層厚は、0.5~5.0μmと定めた。
本願発明では、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工のような、高熱発生を伴い、しかも、切刃に対して大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる切削加工条件において、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性とすぐれた耐摩耗性の両立を図るため、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層の組成および層厚を前記のとおり定めたが、これに加えて、該層の結晶構造を六方晶とすることによって、さらに耐チッピング性を向上させることができる。
従来から、AIP装置を用いた硬質皮膜の成膜はよく知られているが、Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金をターゲットとして通常の条件で成膜すると、形成される(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層は立方晶構造のもの、あるいは、立方晶構造が主体のものとなる。
そこで、本願発明では、図2A及び図2Bに示すAl-Cr-Si-Cu合金をターゲットとして用いたAIP装置6による成膜に際し、磁場中で成膜を行い、かつ、ターゲット表面に印加する最大磁束密度を制御するとともに、バイアス電圧を制御することによって、立方晶構造ではなく六方晶構造の結晶からなる(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層を形成することができる。
例えば、ターゲット表面に印加する最大磁束密度は7~15mT(ミリテスラ)、また、工具基体に印加するバイアス電圧、―75~-150Vの範囲内で蒸着条件を調整することによって、立方晶構造ではなく六方晶構造の結晶からなる(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層を形成することができる。
そして、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造が、六方晶構造で構成されることによって、耐摩耗性の低下を招くことなく靭性を向上させることができ、その結果として、耐チッピング性が向上する。
本願発明の被覆切削工具が備える(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層は、その全てを六方晶構造の結晶で構成することができるが、該層中に立方晶構造の結晶がわずかに含有されていても、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。
ただ、X線回折で得られる立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度が、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度を超えると耐摩耗性は向上するものの耐チッピング性が低下することから、立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたときのピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1とすることが望ましい。
このピーク強度比が0.05未満であった場合、便宜上、ピーク強度比は「0」としている。
以下では、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造が全て六方晶構造である場合と、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層中に立方晶構造の結晶がわずかに含有される場合の双方を含めて、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造は六方晶構造が主体であると表現することがある。
そして、この回折ピークが尖鋭な場合、即ち、半値幅が1.0°未満である場合には、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の耐摩耗性が低下し、一方、ピークがブロードであり、半値幅が3.5°より大きい場合には、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の耐チッピング性が低下傾向を示すことから、X線回折により測定した2θが55°から65°の範囲内に存在する(110)面からの回折ピークについての半値幅は、1.0°以上3.5°以下とする。
本願発明では、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層と工具基体との密着強度を向上させるために、工具基体表面に(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる下部層を形成するが、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層と(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる下部層との密着強度をより高めるためには、上部層-下部層間に、薄層A、薄層Bの交互積層からなる中間層を介在形成することが望ましい。
ここで、薄層Aは、上部層と同一成分組成の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層で構成し、また、薄層Bは、下部層と同一成分組成の(Al、Ti、Si)N層から構成する。
薄層A、薄層Bのそれぞれの一層平均層厚が0.005μm未満では、それぞれの薄層を所定組成のものとして明確に形成することが困難であるばかりか、薄層Aによる耐摩耗性向上効果、薄層Bによる高温靭性改善効果が十分発揮されず、一方、薄層A、薄層Bそれぞれの層厚が0.10μmを超えた場合には、それぞれの薄層がもつ欠点、すなわち薄層Aであれば強度不足が、また、薄層Bであれば耐摩耗性不足が層内に局部的に現れ、中間層全体、ひいては、硬質被覆層全体としての特性低下を招く恐れがあるので、薄層A、薄層Bそれぞれの一層平均層厚を0.005~0.10μmとすることが望ましい。
すなわち、薄層Bは、薄層Aの有する特性のうちの不十分な特性を補うために設けたものであるが、薄層A、薄層Bそれぞれの層厚が0.005~0.10μmの範囲内であれば、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層は、すぐれた高温硬さ、高温耐酸化性、耐熱塑性変形性を損なうことなく、すぐれた高温靭性、高温強度を具備したあたかも一つの層であるかのように作用し、しかも、上部層と下部層の密着強度を高めるが、薄層A、薄層Bの層厚が0.10μmを超えると、薄層Aの強度不足が、また、薄層Bの耐摩耗性不足が顕在化する。
また、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる中間層は、その合計平均層厚が0.1μm未満ではすぐれた特性を発揮することはできず、また、合計平均層厚が1.0μmを超えると、チッピング、欠損を発生しやすくなるので、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる中間層の合計平均層厚は、0.1~1.0μmとすることが好ましく、0.2~0.5μmとすることが更に望ましい。
したがって、本願発明の被覆切削工具は、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工でも、剥離等を発生することもなく、すぐれた耐チッピング性および耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するものである。
なお、実施例としては、WC基超硬合金を工具基体として用いた場合について説明するが、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体、高速度工具鋼を工具基体として用いた場合であっても同様である。
(b)まず、装置内を排気して真空に保持しながら、ヒーター1で工具基体3を400℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3に-1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ、Al-Ti-Si合金カソード電極9とアノード電極10との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面をボンバード洗浄し、
(c)ついで、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表2に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表2に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに、表2に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Ti-Si合金ターゲット9とアノード電極10との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体3の表面に、表3に示される組成および目標平均層厚の(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる下部層LLを蒸着形成し、
(d)ついで、前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲットの表面に表2に示す種々の最大磁束密度に制御した磁場を印加し、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表2に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表2に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表2に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5とアノード電極7との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体3の表面に、表3に示される組成および目標平均層厚の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、
表3に示す本願発明の被覆切削工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1~10(以下、本発明1~10という)をそれぞれ製造した。
(a)まず、装置内を排気して真空に保持しながら、ヒーター1で工具基体3を400℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3に-1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ、Al-Ti-Si合金カソード電極9とアノード電極10との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面をボンバード洗浄し、
(b)ついで、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表4に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表4に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表4に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Ti-Si合金ターゲット9とアノード電極10との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体3の表面に、表5に示される組成および目標平均層厚の(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる下部層を蒸着形成し、
(c)ついで、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表4に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表4に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに、表4に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5とアノード電極7との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記下部層表面に、表5に示される組成および一層平均層厚の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる薄層Aを蒸着形成し、
(d)ついで、アーク放電を停止し、代って表4に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Ti-Si合金カソード電極9とアノード電極10間に同じく100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させて、もって、前記で形成した薄層Aの表面に、表5に示される組成および一層平均層厚の(Al、Ti、Si)N層からなる薄層Bを蒸着形成し、
(e)上記(c)と(d)を交互に繰り返し行うことによって、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造ASLからなる表5に示される所定の合計平均層厚となるまで中間層を蒸着形成し、
(f)ついで、前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5の表面に表4に示す種々の最大磁束密度に制御した磁場を印加し、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表4に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表4に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表4に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5とアノード電極7との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体の表面に、表5に示される組成および目標平均層厚の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、
表5に示す本願発明の被覆切削工具としての表面被覆エンドミル11~20(以下、本発明11~20という)をそれぞれ製造した。
比較の目的で、実施例1で作製したWC基超硬合金製の工具基体(エンドミル)1~3のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図2A及び図2Bに示すAIP装置6の回転テーブル2上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置に外周部にそって装着し、AIP装置6の一方に所定組成のAl-Ti-Si合金からなるターゲット(カソード電極)9を、他方側に所定組成のAl-Cr-Si-Cu合金からなるターゲット(カソード電極)5を配置し、表6に示す条件で下部層LL、中間層ILおよび上部層ULを形成することにより、表7に示す比較例被覆工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1~10(以下、比較例1~10という)をそれぞれ製造した。
なお、比較例1、2については、下部層LLと中間層ILの成膜は行わず、また、比較例3~6については、中間層ILの成膜は行っていない。
また、その層厚を走査型電子顕微鏡、透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定し、5ヶ所の測定値の平均値から、平均層厚を算出した。
さらに、上記で作製した本発明1~20および比較例1~10について、硬質被覆層(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層のX線回折を行い、バックグラウンド除去した後に六方晶構造を示す2θ=55~65°の範囲内に現れる(110)面のピークをPseudo Voigt関数でフィティングし、そのピークの半値幅を測定した。
なお、X線回折は、X線回折装置としてスペクトリス社PANalytical Empyreanを用いて、CuKα線による2θ‐θ法で測定し、測定条件として、測定範囲(2θ):30~80度、X線出力:45kV、40mA、発散スリット:0.5度、スキャンステップ:0.013度、1ステップ辺り測定時間:0.48sec/stepという条件で測定した。
表3、表5、表7に、測定・算出したそれぞれの値を示す。
被削材-平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKD11(60HRC)の板材、
切削速度:100 m/min、
回転速度:5400 min.-1、
切り込み:ae 0.25mm、ap 2mm、
送り速度(1刃当り):0.04 mm/tooth、
切削長:50 m、
さらに、下記の条件(切削条件Bという)での高速度工具鋼の側面切削加工試験を実施した。
被削材-平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKH51(64HRC)の板材、
切削速度:100 m/min、
回転速度:5400 min.-1、
切り込み:ae 0.2mm、ap 2.5mm、
送り速度(1刃当り):0.05 mm/tooth、
切削長:15 m、
いずれの側面切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。
この測定結果を表8に示した。
これに対して、硬質被覆層として、所定の組成、平均層厚の下部層、中間層を有さないもの、あるいは、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる上部層の組成、結晶構造あるいは(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅が本願発明で規定する範囲を外れる比較例被覆工具では、チッピング、剥離の発生、あるいは、摩耗進行によって、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
なお、前記表8に示される結果は、WC基超硬合金を工具基体とする本願発明の被覆切削工具についてのものであるが、工具基体は、WC基超硬合金に限定されるものではなく、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体、高速度工具鋼を工具基体として用いることができ、これらを工具基体とする本願発明の被覆切削工具においても、前記実施例と同様に、すぐれた耐チッピング性およびすぐれた耐摩耗性が長期の使用に亘って発揮される。
LL 下部層
UL 上部層
ASL 薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層
1 ヒーター
2 回転テーブル
3 超硬基体
4、8 磁力発生源
5 Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット(カソード電極)
6 AIP装置
7、10 アノード電極
9 Al-Ti-Siターゲット(カソード電極)
11 反応ガス導入口
12 排ガス口
13、14 アーク電極
15 バイアス電極
Claims (4)
- 炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体および高速度工具鋼のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、前記硬質被覆層は少なくとも下部層と上部層からなり、
(a)前記下部層は、平均層厚0.3~3.0μmのAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層からなり、前記下部層は、
組成式:(Al1-α-βTiαSiβ)Nで表した場合、
0.3≦α≦0.5、0.01≦β≦0.10(ただし、α、βはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
(b)前記上部層は、平均層厚0.5~5.0μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層からなり、
前記上部層は、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
(c)前記上部層は六方晶構造の結晶からなり、該上部層についてX線回折により求めた2θ=55~65°の範囲に存在する(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅は1.0~3.5°であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。 - 請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具において、前記下部層と上部層との間に、薄層Aと薄層Bの交互積層構造からなる合計平均層厚0.1~1.0μmの中間層が介在形成され、
(a)前記薄層Aは、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、一層平均層厚0.005~0.10μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層からなり、
(b)前記薄層Bは、
組成式:(Al1-α-βTiαSiβ)Nで表した場合、
0.3≦α≦0.5、0.01≦β≦0.10(ただし、α、βはいずれも原子比)を満足し、一層平均層厚0.005~0.10μmのAlとTiとSiの複合窒化物層からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記上部層は、該層中に六方晶構造の結晶とともに立方晶構造の結晶を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記上部層の立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたとき、ピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/771,254 US10618113B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-27 | Surface-coated cutting tool |
CN201680062393.6A CN108349015B (zh) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-27 | 表面包覆切削工具 |
EP16859882.9A EP3369503B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-27 | Surface coated cutting tool |
KR1020187011115A KR102523236B1 (ko) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-27 | 표면 피복 절삭 공구 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015-211484 | 2015-10-28 | ||
JP2015211484 | 2015-10-28 | ||
JP2016209195A JP2017080879A (ja) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-26 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2016-209195 | 2016-10-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017073653A1 true WO2017073653A1 (ja) | 2017-05-04 |
Family
ID=58630475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/081852 WO2017073653A1 (ja) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-27 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2017073653A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017155096A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 |
CN107523790A (zh) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-12-29 | 广东工业大学 | 一种AlCrSiCuN纳米多层涂层及其制备方法 |
JPWO2020189256A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | ||
CN114531856A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-05-24 | 株式会社Moldino | 包覆切削工具 |
US11965235B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2024-04-23 | Moldino Tool Engineering, Ltd. | Coated cutting tool |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008073800A (ja) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-04-03 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 硬質皮膜および硬質皮膜被覆工具 |
JP2009039838A (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
-
2016
- 2016-10-27 WO PCT/JP2016/081852 patent/WO2017073653A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008073800A (ja) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-04-03 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 硬質皮膜および硬質皮膜被覆工具 |
JP2009039838A (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017155096A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 |
US10751806B2 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2020-08-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Surface-coated cutting tool having excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance |
CN107523790A (zh) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-12-29 | 广东工业大学 | 一种AlCrSiCuN纳米多层涂层及其制备方法 |
CN107523790B (zh) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-08-27 | 广东工业大学 | 一种AlCrSiCuN纳米多层涂层及其制备方法 |
JPWO2020189256A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | ||
WO2020189256A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社Moldino | 被覆切削工具 |
JP7277821B2 (ja) | 2019-03-18 | 2023-05-19 | 株式会社Moldino | 被覆切削工具 |
US11666976B2 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2023-06-06 | Moldino Tool Engineering, Ltd. | Coated cutting tool |
US11965235B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2024-04-23 | Moldino Tool Engineering, Ltd. | Coated cutting tool |
CN114531856A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-05-24 | 株式会社Moldino | 包覆切削工具 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6677932B2 (ja) | 強断続切削加工においてすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 | |
US10618113B2 (en) | Surface-coated cutting tool | |
JP5838769B2 (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
WO2017073653A1 (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2016026893A (ja) | 耐異常損傷性と耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 | |
US10618114B2 (en) | Surface-coated cutting tool | |
WO2016084939A1 (ja) | 耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP7415223B2 (ja) | 強断続切削加工においてすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 | |
WO2017073655A1 (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP6233708B2 (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
EP3427873B1 (en) | Surface-coated cutting tool with excellent chip resistance and abrasion resistance | |
US10751804B2 (en) | Surface-coated cutting tool | |
CN113453828A (zh) | 硬质皮膜切削工具 | |
JP2016064470A (ja) | 耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2008132564A (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2019171483A (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2019171482A (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP6399353B2 (ja) | 耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2012206222A (ja) | 硬質被覆層が耐酸化性にすぐれる表面被覆切削工具 | |
EP3424629B1 (en) | Surface-coated cutting tool | |
WO2017038618A1 (ja) | 強断続切削加工においてすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2018030212A (ja) | 耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2009178832A (ja) | 硬質被覆層がすぐれた潤滑性と耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2009178833A (ja) | 硬質被覆層がすぐれた潤滑性、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具 | |
JP2018034237A (ja) | 表面被覆切削工具 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16859882 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20187011115 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15771254 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016859882 Country of ref document: EP |