WO2017065243A1 - タイヤ - Google Patents
タイヤ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017065243A1 WO2017065243A1 PCT/JP2016/080449 JP2016080449W WO2017065243A1 WO 2017065243 A1 WO2017065243 A1 WO 2017065243A1 JP 2016080449 W JP2016080449 W JP 2016080449W WO 2017065243 A1 WO2017065243 A1 WO 2017065243A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tire
- steel cord
- rubber body
- plating layer
- rubber
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
- B60C15/04—Bead cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
- B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
- B60C2009/0014—Surface treatments of steel cords
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
- B60C2009/0021—Coating rubbers for steel cords
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2092—Jackets or coverings characterised by the materials used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3025—Steel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3067—Copper (Cu)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
- D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
- D10B2505/022—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs for tyres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tire.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for improving initial adhesiveness by including Co in the surface layer region of a steel cord.
- Such a steel cord is required to have moisture and heat resistance in addition to the initial adhesion to rubber.
- moisture and heat resistance When high temperature is repeatedly applied to the tire, moisture reacts with the tire and the steel cord, and the adhesive strength between the rubber and the steel cord decreases. This durability against aging caused by repeatedly acting moisture and heat is called moisture and heat resistance.
- An object of this invention is to provide the tire excellent in initial adhesiveness and heat-and-moisture resistance.
- a tire having a rubber body embedded with a steel cord there is provided a tire in which a layer made of Zn x Co y O is formed at an interface between the steel cord and the rubber body, and x + y is 5/6 or more and 1 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tire according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the mode of the interface of the steel cord and rubber body of the tire which concerns on a reference example. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the mode of the interface of the steel cord and rubber body of the tire which concerns on a reference example. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the mode of the interface of the steel cord and rubber body of the tire which concerns on embodiment of this invention. A spectrum obtained by XAFS when Zn x Co y O is present on the surface of the sample is shown.
- One embodiment of the tire according to the present invention is: (1) A tire having a rubber body embedded with a steel cord, The steel cord and interface are layer formed consisting of Zn x Co y O in the rubber body, x + y is 5/6 or more and 1 or less.
- the steel cord has a steel wire and a plating layer containing Cu and Zn provided on the steel wire, Co may be included in the plating layer.
- Co may be exposed on the surface of the steel cord plating layer.
- Co may be contained in the rubber body.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tire 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the tire 1 includes a tread portion 2, a sidewall portion 3, and a bead portion 4.
- the tread part 2 is a part in contact with the road surface.
- the bead portion 4 is provided on the inner diameter side from the tread portion 2.
- the bead part 4 is a part in contact with the rim of the wheel W of the vehicle.
- the sidewall portion 3 connects the tread portion 2 and the bead portion 4. When the tread portion 2 receives an impact from the road surface, the sidewall portion 3 is elastically deformed and absorbs the impact.
- the tire 1 includes an inner liner 5, a carcass 6, a belt 7, and a bead wire 8.
- the inner liner 5 is made of rubber and seals the space between the tire 1 and the wheel W.
- the carcass 6 forms a skeleton of the tire 1.
- the carcass is composed of organic fibers such as polyester, nylon and rayon and rubber.
- the belt 7 tightens the carcass 6 to increase the rigidity of the tread portion 2.
- the belt 7 is composed of a steel cord and rubber.
- the tire 1 has a four-layer belt 7.
- the bead wire 8 is provided in the bead portion 4.
- the bead wire 8 is formed by twisting steel wires and coating rubber.
- the bead wire 8 receives a tensile force acting on the carcass 6.
- the steel cord 10 constituting the belt 7 is required to have initial adhesiveness with a rubber such as butadiene rubber and moisture and heat resistance.
- a rubber such as butadiene rubber and moisture and heat resistance.
- the rubbery parts constituting the tire 1 are collectively referred to as a rubber body.
- a steel cord 10 is embedded in the rubber body.
- the steel cord 10 is embedded in the rubber body in the belt 7 and the bead wire 8 as described above.
- a layer made of Zn x Co y O is formed at the interface between the steel cord 10 and the rubber body.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the interface between the steel cord 10 and the rubber body 20 of the tire 1 according to the reference example.
- the steel cord 10 is provided with a steel wire 11 and a plating layer 12 provided on the surface of the steel wire 11.
- the plating layer 12 contains Cu, Zn, and Co.
- the rubber body 20 contains S in addition to the unsaturated bond of carbon.
- a very thin ZnO film 13 is formed between the rubber body 20 and the plating layer 12.
- the ZnO film 13 is functioning as a sacrificial oxide film of Cu and Fe, e - inhibition are not diffusion transfer of an electronic conduction or Cu of.
- (Cu x S) n indicated by reference numeral 14 is formed between the rubber body 20 and the ZnO film 13, and this is considered to contribute to adhesion by joining carbon and Cu in the rubber body 20 together. ing.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the interface between the steel cord 10 and the rubber body 20 of the tire 1 according to the present embodiment.
- Co is contained in the plating layer 12 or the rubber body 20, and a part of the ZnO film 13 is replaced with Co between the ZnO film 13 and the (Cu x S) n 14.
- the formation of the composition 16 was considered.
- the Co component contained in the plating is partially oxidized in the environment of wet heat degradation and takes the form of Co 2+ and Co 3+ , but the valence balance is obtained by substituting Zn 2+ in the ZnO film 13.
- Composition 16 is formed. When this composition 16 is expressed as Zn x Co y O, x + y is 5/6 or more and 1.00 or less.
- Co takes the form of Co 3+ and Co 2+ .
- Co 3+ is substituted with part of ZnO, Zn 3 Co 2 O 6 is formed.
- Co 2+ is replaced with a part of ZnO, ZnCoO 2 is formed.
- Co may be included in the plated layer 12 of the steel cord 10 or may be included in the rubber body 20. Co may be exposed on the surface of the plating layer 12 of the steel cord 10. In this case, the adhesion between the plating layer 12 and the rubber body 20 can be favorably maintained with a small amount of Co as compared with the case where Co is buried in the plating layer 12.
- the tire 1 can be produced using an inexpensive steel cord not containing Co.
- FIG. 5 shows a spectrum obtained by XAFS when Zn x Co y O is present on the surface of the sample.
- the solid line indicates a spectrum caused by Zn x Co y O
- the broken line indicates a spectrum caused by Co.
- the shape of the spectrum obtained by XAFS varies depending on the composition.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、初期接着性と耐湿熱性に優れたタイヤを提供することを目的とする。
スチールコードが埋め込まれたゴム体を有するタイヤであって、
前記スチールコードと前記ゴム体の界面にZnxCoyOからなる層が形成されており、x+yが5/6以上1以下である、タイヤが提供される。
最初に本発明の実施形態の概要を説明する。
本発明にかかるタイヤの一実施形態は、
(1)スチールコードが埋め込まれたゴム体を有するタイヤであって、
前記スチールコードと前記ゴム体の界面にZnxCoyOからなる層が形成されており、x+yが5/6以上1以下である。
前記スチールコードは、鋼線と、前記鋼線上に設けられたCuとZnを含むめっき層を有し、
前記めっき層にCoが含まれていてもよい。
前記スチールコードのめっき層の表面にCoが露出していてもよい。
前記ゴム体にCoが含まれていてもよい。
以下、本発明に係るタイヤの実施の形態の例を、図面を参照して説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
インナーライナー5は、ゴムで構成されており、タイヤ1とホイールWとの間の空間を密閉する。
カーカス6は、タイヤ1の骨格を形成している。カーカスは、ポリエステル、ナイロン、レーヨンなどの有機繊維とゴムとにより構成されている。
ベルト7は、カーカス6を締め付けて、トレッド部2の剛性を高めている。ベルト7は、スチールコードとゴムとにより構成されている。図示の例では、タイヤ1は4層のベルト7を有している。
ビードワイヤ8は、ビード部4に設けられている。ビードワイヤ8は、スチールワイヤを撚り合わせてゴムを被覆したものである。ビードワイヤ8は、カーカス6に作用する引っ張り力を受け止める。
この繰り返し作用する熱と水分に起因する密着強度の低下に対する耐久性を耐湿熱性と呼んでいる。
めっき中に含まれるCo成分は、湿熱劣化の環境下では、一部分が酸化されCo2+、Co3+の形態をとるが、ZnO膜13中のZn2+と置換することで価数バランスを取るように組成物16を形成する。この組成物16をZnxCoyOと表すと、x+yが5/6以上1.00以下となる。
ここで、Coは、Co3+とCo2+の形態を取る。Co3+がZnOの一部のZnと置換すると、Zn3Co2O6が形成される。Co2+がZnOの一部のZnと置換するとZnCoO2が形成される。そこで、スチールコード10とゴム体20との界面に形成されたZnxCoyOは、O(酸素)を1にして考えると、Zn(3/6)Co(2/6)OとZn(1/2)Co(1/2)Oの中間の組成になっていると考えられる。よって、x+yは5/6(=3/6+2/6)~1(=1/2+1/2)の間となると考えられる。
図5は、試料の表面にZnxCoyOが存在する場合にXAFSにより得られるスペクトルを示している。図5において、実線はZnxCoyOに起因するスペクトルを示し、破線はCoに起因するスペクトルを示している。XAFSにより得られるスペクトルの形状は、組成に応じて異なる。
本実施形態に係るタイヤ1のZnxCoyOを有する組成物16についてXAFSを用いてスペクトルを観察すると、図5に示すように、7724eV付近、7738eV付近、7770eV付近にピークが観察される。
2 トレッド部
3 サイドウォール部
4 ビード部
5 インナーライナー
6 カーカス
7 ベルト
8 ビードワイヤ
10 スチールコード
11 鋼線
12 めっき層
13 ZnO膜
14 (CuxS)n
15 ZnO
16 組成物
20 ゴム体
Claims (4)
- スチールコードが埋め込まれたゴム体を有するタイヤであって、
前記スチールコードと前記ゴム体の界面にZnxCoyOからなる層が形成されており、x+yが5/6以上1以下である、タイヤ。 - 前記スチールコードは、鋼線と、前記鋼線上に設けられたCuとZnを含むめっき層を有し、
前記めっき層にCoが含まれている、請求項1に記載のタイヤ。 - 前記スチールコードのめっき層の表面にCoが露出している、請求項2に記載のタイヤ。
- 前記ゴム体にCoが含まれている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のタイヤ。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/768,719 US10632791B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-13 | Tire |
KR1020187010470A KR102616112B1 (ko) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-13 | 타이어 |
EP16855496.2A EP3363654B1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-13 | Tire |
CN201680060598.0A CN108136837B (zh) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-13 | 轮胎 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015-204895 | 2015-10-16 | ||
JP2015204895A JP2017074921A (ja) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | タイヤ |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2017065243A1 true WO2017065243A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
Family
ID=58517346
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2016/080449 WO2017065243A1 (ja) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-13 | タイヤ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10632791B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3363654B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2017074921A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102616112B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108136837B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017065243A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7419644B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2024-01-23 | 栃木住友電工株式会社 | ベルト積層体、タイヤ |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002205506A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-07-23 | Bridgestone Corp | タイヤ |
JP2011168713A (ja) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-09-01 | Bridgestone Corp | ゴム−スチール複合体 |
WO2013035805A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-14 | 栃木住友電工株式会社 | ゴム補強用金属線、その製造方法及びタイヤ |
JP2014019974A (ja) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-03 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | ゴム・コード複合体、及びそれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
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BE1001029A3 (nl) * | 1987-10-22 | 1989-06-13 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Staalsubstraat met metaaldeklagen ter versterking van vulkaniseerbare elastomeren. |
JP2002013081A (ja) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-18 | Bridgestone Corp | ゴム物品補強用スチールフィラメント及びゴム物品補強用スチールコード |
JP4744672B2 (ja) | 2000-06-29 | 2011-08-10 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ゴム−スチールコード複合体 |
US6814116B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2004-11-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | Tire with specified rubber-steel cord composite |
PT2516729E (pt) * | 2009-12-23 | 2015-11-03 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Um fio de latão revestido com um gradiante de zinco no revestimento e o seu método de fabrico |
US20120067485A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-22 | Serge Julien Auguste Imhoff | Pneumatic tire and method for making a pneumatic tire |
KR20130049552A (ko) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-14 | 한국타이어 주식회사 | 타이어용 비드와이어 및 그 제조방법 |
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2015
- 2015-10-16 JP JP2015204895A patent/JP2017074921A/ja active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 WO PCT/JP2016/080449 patent/WO2017065243A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-10-13 KR KR1020187010470A patent/KR102616112B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-10-13 CN CN201680060598.0A patent/CN108136837B/zh active Active
- 2016-10-13 US US15/768,719 patent/US10632791B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 EP EP16855496.2A patent/EP3363654B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002205506A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-07-23 | Bridgestone Corp | タイヤ |
JP2011168713A (ja) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-09-01 | Bridgestone Corp | ゴム−スチール複合体 |
WO2013035805A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-14 | 栃木住友電工株式会社 | ゴム補強用金属線、その製造方法及びタイヤ |
JP2014019974A (ja) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-03 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | ゴム・コード複合体、及びそれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3363654A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3363654A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
CN108136837B (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
US10632791B2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
EP3363654A4 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
JP2017074921A (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
CN108136837A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
KR102616112B1 (ko) | 2023-12-20 |
KR20180068981A (ko) | 2018-06-22 |
EP3363654B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
US20180304689A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
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