WO2017063313A1 - 用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置及操作方法、轨道车辆转向架 - Google Patents

用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置及操作方法、轨道车辆转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063313A1
WO2017063313A1 PCT/CN2016/071185 CN2016071185W WO2017063313A1 WO 2017063313 A1 WO2017063313 A1 WO 2017063313A1 CN 2016071185 W CN2016071185 W CN 2016071185W WO 2017063313 A1 WO2017063313 A1 WO 2017063313A1
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Prior art keywords
hook plate
overturning
rail
rail vehicle
double
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PCT/CN2016/071185
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高广军
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中南大学
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Publication of WO2017063313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063313A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of rail transit equipment, and more particularly to an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle and an operating method thereof and a rail vehicle bogie.
  • the utility model publication CN203496920U discloses a two-axle bogie with a locking mechanism, which can prevent the locomotive from tipping over during a specific operation by locking the bogie and the vehicle body to restrict the vehicle body from rocking on the bogie.
  • the bogie with the locking mechanism described above does not limit the vertical separation of the bogie wheelset and the rail by restricting the relative movement between the vehicle body and the bogie. Therefore, the bogie equipped with the above device cannot effectively prevent the vehicle from tipping over. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle and an operating method thereof and a rail vehicle bogie, so as to solve the problem that the prior device does not limit the vertical separation of the bogie wheelset and the rail, thereby failing to effectively prevent the vehicle from tipping over. technical problem.
  • the present invention provides an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle, comprising a displacement sensor for detecting a stress state of an axle box spring of the rail vehicle, and a control device connected to the displacement sensor And an anti-overturning hook plate, the first end of the anti-overturning hook plate is provided with a hook portion for hooking the lower surface of the rail head of the rail, and the second end of the anti-overturning hook plate is rotatably mounted at the On the bogie of the rail vehicle, the control device pushes the hook portion of the anti-overturn hook plate to hook the lower surface of the rail head of the rail or to leave the rail according to the information collected by the displacement sensor.
  • the anti-overturning hook plate is rotatably mounted on a bogie of the rail vehicle by a hook plate mount, and the hook plate mount is provided with a restriction Or a stop that constrains the angle of rotation of the anti-overturn hook plate.
  • the stop is arranged to restrain the anti-overturning device only in A vertical restraining reaction force is generated between the anti-overturning hook plate and the rail.
  • the hook plate mounting seat is disposed above the rail, and the anti-overturning hook plate and the hook plate mounting seat are connected by a hook plate rotating pin, the hook The board mount is mounted to the bogie by hook plate mounting bolts that are welded to the hook plate mount.
  • the length of the hook portion of the anti-overturning hook plate is set to be selected according to the wheel diameter behind the wheel of the bogie or the anti-overturning hook plate is Telescopic structure.
  • the control device comprises a double-acting cylinder, a double-acting solenoid valve and a controller, and the controller is connected to the displacement sensor and the double-acting solenoid valve, double-acting
  • the solenoid valve connects the double-acting cylinder and the gas storage tank through the gas pipeline.
  • the fixed end of the double-acting cylinder is connected to a cylinder mount by a first cylinder rotating pin, and the extended end of the double-acting cylinder is rotated by the second cylinder
  • the pin is coupled to the middle portion of the anti-overturning hook plate, and the cylinder mount is mounted to both sides of the bogie by cylinder mounting bolts.
  • the anti-overturning hook plate has sufficient rigidity, and the pressure of the compressed air of the double-acting cylinder is above a specific value, so that the anti-overturning hook plate is It does not separate from the track when it is subjected to the wheel and rail force.
  • the present invention also provides a method for operating an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle, which is to push the anti-overturning hook plate by a control device according to information collected by the displacement sensor.
  • the hook hooks the lower surface of the track or leaves the track; the specific steps include:
  • the signal detected by the displacement sensor is used, and then the 1-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve is triggered by the controller to deliver high-pressure air to the 1-position end of the double-acting cylinder to make the double-acting cylinder Keep in the retracted state to avoid interference between the anti-overturning hook plate and the track;
  • the force state of the axle box spring is determined by the displacement sensor. If it is close to zero, it is determined that the rail vehicle is in a critical derailment state. At this time, the signal detected by the displacement sensor is passed through the controller. Triggering the 2-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve, delivering high-pressure air to the 2-position end of the double-acting cylinder, pushing the double-acting cylinder to extend, so that the anti-overturning hook plate hooks the lower surface of the rail head of the rail to avoid the wheel Vertical separation between the pair and the track.
  • the present invention further provides a rail vehicle bogie, wherein each of the two sides of the bogie is respectively provided with an anti-overturning device of the present invention, and the displacement sensor is mounted on the rail vehicle. Between the wheelset and the bogie frame.
  • the present invention is dedicated to preventing overturning of a railcar bogie on a track.
  • the anti-overturning device on the bogie will protrude from the bogie. Hooking the lower surface of the track head can be effective
  • Preventing the vertical separation between the wheel pair and the track can greatly improve the anti-overturning stability of the train.
  • the device has a simple structure, low cost, reliable operation and maintenance-free.
  • the bogie equipped with the anti-overturning device of the rail vehicle runs on the line, it will greatly reduce the line closure, train outage, train rescue and life and property losses caused by train overturning, greatly improving the operational safety of the train and Transportation efficiency.
  • the anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle of the present invention detects the stress state of the axle box spring by a displacement sensor, and controls the anti-overturning hook plate to hook or leave the rail by the control device, thereby preventing the rail vehicle from being bent.
  • the vehicle is overturned due to excessive centrifugal force, and it can also prevent the overturning of the rail vehicle due to excessive lateral force and vertical force.
  • the anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle through the stop, the anti-overturning hook plate can maintain a vertical restraining reaction force between the anti-overturning hook plate and the rail, further preventing the hanging between the wheel pair and the rail.
  • the separation is carried out to further prevent the train from tipping over.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the mounting structure of an anti-overturning hook plate and a cylinder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the mounting portion of the anti-overturn hook plate of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a mounting position of an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle mounted on a bogie of a rail vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a folding structure of an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the state of the anti-overturning hook plate is away from the rail, and the train is in a normal running state;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic exploded perspective view of an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the state of the anti-overturning hook plate is to hook the rail, and the train is in a critical derailment state.
  • an anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle includes a displacement sensor 12 for detecting a stress state of an axle box spring of a rail vehicle, a control device connected to the displacement sensor 12, and The anti-overturning hook plate 5, the first end of the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is provided with a hook portion for hooking the lower surface of the rail head of the rail 16, and the second end of the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is rotatably mounted on the rail vehicle On the bogie, the control device pushes the hook portion of the anti-overturn hook plate 5 against the lower surface of the rail head of the rail 16 or away from the rail 16 based on the information collected by the displacement sensor 12.
  • Each of the two sides of the bogie of the rail vehicle of the present embodiment is respectively provided with one of the above-described anti-overturning devices 11, and the displacement sensor 12 is installed between the wheel pair of the rail vehicle and the frame of the bogie (see Fig. 4).
  • the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is rotatably mounted on the bogie of the rail vehicle through the hook plate mounting seat 8, and the hook plate mounting seat 8 is provided with a restriction or restraining prevention.
  • a stop 6 that tilts the angle of rotation of the hook plate 5.
  • the stop 6 is arranged such that the restraining anti-overturning device 11 can only produce a vertical restraining reaction force between the anti-overturning hook plate 5 and the rail 16, that is, the hook plate mount 8 is disposed directly above the rail 16 and the stop 6 is provided at
  • the outer side of the mounting end of the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is such that the rotation angle of the anti-overturning hook plate 5 with respect to the hook plate mounting seat 8 is not more than 90°, and can be maintained when the anti-overturning hooking plate 5 hooks the lower surface of the rail head of the rail 16
  • the 90° state enables the anti-overturning device 11 to generate a restraining reaction force only perpendicular to the track direction, preventing the vehicle bogie from coming off the track, further preventing the train from tipping over.
  • the hook plate mounting seat 8 is disposed above the rail 16 , and the anti-overturning hook plate 5 and the hook plate mounting seat 8 are connected by the hook plate rotating pin 9 , and the hook plate mounting seat 8 is mounted on the bogie by the hook plate mounting bolt 7 6 welded to the hook plate mount 8.
  • the length of the hook portion of the anti-overturn hook plate 5 in this embodiment is set to be selected according to the wheel diameter behind the wheel of the bogie or the anti-overturn hook plate 5 is of a retractable structure.
  • the control device includes a double-acting cylinder 3, a double-acting solenoid valve 14, and a controller 13, and the controller 13 is connected to the displacement sensor 12.
  • the double-acting solenoid valve 14 the double-acting solenoid valve 14 connects the double-acting cylinder 3 and the air tank 15 through the air passage pipe.
  • the fixed end of the double-acting cylinder 3 is connected to a cylinder mount 1 through the first cylinder rotating pin 2, and the extended end of the double-acting cylinder 3 is connected to the middle of the anti-overturning hook plate 5 through the second cylinder rotating pin 4, the cylinder
  • the mount 1 is mounted on both sides of the bogie by cylinder mounting bolts 10.
  • the double-acting cylinder 3 can be moved in a vertical plane to cooperate with the action of the anti-overturning hook plate 5.
  • the anti-overturning hook plate 5 has sufficient rigidity, and the pressure of the compressed air of the double-acting cylinder 3 is above a certain value, so that the anti-overturning hook plate 5 does not separate from the rail 16 when it is subjected to the wheel rail force.
  • the pressure exerted by the extended end of the double-acting cylinder 3 on the anti-overturn hook plate 5 should be greater than the reaction force received when the anti-overturn hook plate 5 hooks the lower surface of the rail head of the rail 16,
  • the pressure of the double-acting cylinder 3 can be calculated according to the actual vehicle and the different bogies, as long as the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is not separated from the rail 16 when the anti-overturning hook plate 5 is subjected to the wheel rail force.
  • the operation method of the anti-overturning device for a rail vehicle is that the hook portion of the anti-overturn hook plate 5 is pushed by the control device according to the information collected by the displacement sensor 12.
  • the lower surface of the rail head of the track 16 is either away from the track 16; the specific steps include:
  • the signal detected by the displacement sensor 12 is used, and then the 1-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve 14 is triggered by the controller 13 to give the 1-position end of the double-acting cylinder 3 (connected to the anti-overturn hook plate 5).
  • One end delivers high-pressure air to keep the double-acting cylinder 3 in a retracted state, and avoids interference between the anti-overturning hook plate 5 and the rail 16 (see FIG. 5);
  • the force state of the axle box spring is judged by the displacement sensor 12 (see FIG. 4, that is, the height of the axle box spring is detected by the displacement sensor to detect the force state), and if it is close to zero, It is determined that the rail vehicle is in a critical derailment state.
  • the signal detected by the displacement sensor 12 is used to trigger the 2-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve 14 through the controller 13, and the 2-position end of the double-acting cylinder 3 (connected to the bogie) One end) conveys high-pressure air, pushes the double-acting cylinder 3 to extend, and causes the anti-overturning hook plate 5 to hook the lower surface of the rail head of the rail 16 to avoid vertical separation between the wheel pair and the rail, and avoid the train tipping accident. Occurs (see Figure 6).

Abstract

一种用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置、操作方法以及具有该防倾覆装置的转向架。该防倾覆装置包括：包括用于检测所述轨道车辆的轴箱弹簧的受力状态的位移传感器(12)、与所述位移传感器(12)相连的控制装置以及防倾覆钩板(5)，所述位移传感器(12)安装在所述轨道车辆的轮对和转向架的构架之间，所述防倾覆钩板(5)的第一端设有一个可钩住轨道(16)的轨头的下表面的钩部，所述防倾覆钩板(5)的第二端可转动地装设在所述轨道车辆的转向架上，所述控制装置用于根据所述位移传感器(12)采集的信息推动所述防倾覆钩板(5)的钩部勾住所述轨道(16)的轨头的下表面或者离开所述轨道(16)。该装置能有效防止轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离，能够提升列车的抗倾覆稳定性能。

Description

用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置及操作方法、轨道车辆转向架 技术领域
本发明涉及轨道交通设备领域，尤其涉及一种用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置及其操作方法和轨道车辆转向架。
背景技术
随着列车运行速度的逐步提高，列车发生倾覆的可能性越来越高。尤其是沿轨道运行的高速客运列车在通过弯道时，如果列车运行速度没有得到准确的控制，使得转向时的离心力太大，列车会有发生倾覆的风险。另外，在大风环境，特别是恶风环境下，沿轨道高速运行的列车或停放在轨道上的列车均会受到很强的横向风力冲击，列车发生倾覆的风险大大增加。此外，如列车在运行过程中因撞到障碍物而受到冲击，列车头部上冲，转向架将向上脱离轨道，列车也可能发生倾覆。但由于轨道车辆实际运行条件的限制，仅仅依靠改进车体本身结构来提升客车的抗倾覆性能已不太可能，这就需要专门设置一种用于防止轨道车辆倾覆的装置。
公开号为CN203496920U的实用新型专利公开一种带锁紧机构的二轴转向架，可以通过锁紧转向架和车体，限制车体在转向架上摇动来防止机车在特定作业时倾覆。
上述带锁紧机构的转向架是通过限制车体和转向架之间的相对运动，没有限制转向架轮对和轨道的垂向分离，因此安装了上述装置的转向架并不能有效防止车辆发生倾覆。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置及其操作方法和轨道车辆转向架，以解决现有装置没有限制转向架轮对和轨道的垂向分离，从而不能有效防止车辆倾覆的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，包括用于检测所述轨道车辆的轴箱弹簧所处受力状态的位移传感器、与所述位移传感器相连的控制装置以及防倾覆钩板，所述防倾覆钩板的第一端设有一个可钩住轨道的轨头的下表面的钩部，所述防倾覆钩板的第二端可转动地装设在所述轨道车辆的转向架上，所述控制装置根据所述位移传感器采集的信息推动所述防倾覆钩板的钩部勾住所述轨道的轨头的下表面或者离开所述轨道。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，优选的，所述防倾覆钩板通过钩板安装座可转动地安装于所述轨道车辆的转向架上，所述钩板安装座上设有用于限制或约束所述防倾覆钩板的转动角度的止档。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，更优选的，所述止档设置成约束防倾覆装置仅能在 防倾覆钩板和轨道之间产生垂向的约束反力。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，更优选的，所述钩板安装座设于所述轨道的上方，所述防倾覆钩板与钩板安装座通过钩板旋转销连接，所述钩板安装座通过钩板安装螺栓安装在转向架上，所述止档焊接在钩板安装座上。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，优选的，所述防倾覆钩板的钩部长度设置成根据所述转向架的镟轮后的轮径进行选配或者所述防倾覆钩板采用可伸缩的结构。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，优选的，所述控制装置包括双作用式气缸、双作用式电磁阀以及控制器，控制器连接所述位移传感器和双作用式电磁阀，双作用式电磁阀通过气路管道连接双作用式气缸和储气罐。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，更优选的，所述双作用式气缸的固定端通过第一气缸旋转销与一气缸安装座连接，双作用式气缸的伸出端通过第二气缸旋转销与防倾覆钩板的中部连接，所述气缸安装座通过气缸安装螺栓安装在转向架的两侧。
上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，更优选的，所述防倾覆钩板具有足够的刚度，且所述双作用式气缸的压缩空气的压力在特定值以上，以使得防倾覆钩板在承受轮轨作用力时不会与轨道分离。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种上述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置的操作方法，该操作方法是根据所述位移传感器采集的信息通过控制装置推动所述防倾覆钩板的钩部勾住所述轨道的下表面或者离开所述轨道；具体步骤包括：
在列车正常运行时，利用所述位移传感器检测的信号，然后通过控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的1位端，给双作用式气缸的1位端输送高压空气，使所述双作用式气缸保持为缩回状态，避免防倾覆钩板和轨道发生干涉；
在列车非正常运行时，通过位移传感器来判断所述轴箱弹簧的受力状态，若接近于零，则判定轨道车辆处于临界脱轨状态，此时利用所述位移传感器检测的信号，通过控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的2位端，给双作用式气缸的2位端输送高压空气，推动双作用式气缸伸出，使防倾覆钩板钩住轨道的轨头的下表面，以避免轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种轨道车辆转向架，所述转向架的两侧下方各分别装设有一上述本发明的防倾覆装置，所述位移传感器安装在所述轨道车辆的轮对和转向架的构架之间。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明专用于防止轨道车辆转向架在轨道上的倾覆，当轮对和轨道之间的垂向力减小到一定程度时，转向架上的防倾覆装置会从转向架上伸出，钩住轨道轨头的下表面，能有效 防止轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离，能够大幅度提升列车的抗倾覆稳定性能，同时该装置结构简单，造价低廉，工作可靠，且免维护。同时，安装了轨道车辆防倾覆装置的转向架在线路上运行时，会极大降低列车倾覆造成的线路封闭、列车停运、列车救援援及生命财产等损失，极大提高列车的运行安全性和运输效率。
2、本发明的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，通过位移传感器检测轴箱弹簧所处受力状态，并通过控制装置控制防倾覆钩板勾住或者离开轨道，能够防止轨道车辆在弯道时自身离心力过大等造成的车辆倾覆，还能防止轨道车辆由于外部横向力和垂向力过大造成的倾覆。
3、本发明用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，通过止档，防倾覆钩板能使防倾覆钩板和轨道之间保持产生垂向的约束反力，进一步防止轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离，从而进一步起到防止列车倾覆的作用。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明优选实施例的防倾覆钩板以及气缸的安装结构示意图。
图2是图1中防倾覆钩板安装部分的俯视视图；
图3是图2中的A-A处的剖面结构示意图；
图4是本发明优选实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置安装在轨道车辆的转向架上的安装位置示意图；
图5是本发明优选实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置的收拢结构示意图，图中防倾覆钩板的状态为离开轨道，列车处于正常运行状态；
图6是本发明优选实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置的展开结构示意图，图中防倾覆钩板的状态为勾住轨道，列车处于临界脱轨状态。
图中各标号表示：
1、气缸安装座；2、第一气缸旋转销；3、双作用式气缸；4、第二气缸旋转销；5、防倾覆钩板；6、止档；7、钩板安装螺栓；8、钩板安装座；9、钩板旋转销；10、气缸安装螺栓；11、防倾覆装置；12、位移传感器；13、控制器；14、双作用式电磁阀；15、储气罐；16、轨道。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖 的多种不同方式实施。
需要特别说明的是，本发明实施例中，当某一元件被描述为“装设在或连接于”另一元件上时或者“与”另一元件“相连”时，它可以是直接装设或连接在另一元件上，或者直接与另一元件相连，也可以是通过其他中间连接件间接装设或连接在另一元件上，或者间接与另一元件相连。
参见图1-图6，本发明实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，包括用于检测轨道车辆的轴箱弹簧所处受力状态的位移传感器12、与位移传感器12相连的控制装置以及防倾覆钩板5，防倾覆钩板5的第一端设有一个可钩住轨道16的轨头的下表面的钩部，防倾覆钩板5的第二端可转动地装设在轨道车辆的转向架上，控制装置根据位移传感器12采集的信息推动防倾覆钩板5的钩部勾住轨道16的轨头的下表面或者离开轨道16。本实施例的轨道车辆的转向架的两侧下方各分别装设有一个上述的防倾覆装置11，位移传感器12安装在轨道车辆的轮对和转向架的构架之间(参见图4)。
如图1-图3所示，本实施例中，防倾覆钩板5通过钩板安装座8可转动地安装于轨道车辆的转向架上，钩板安装座8上设有用于限制或约束防倾覆钩板5的转动角度的止档6。止档6设置成约束防倾覆装置11仅能在防倾覆钩板5和轨道16之间产生垂向的约束反力，即钩板安装座8设于轨道16的正上方且止档6设于防倾覆钩板5的安装端的外侧使得防倾覆钩板5相对于钩板安装座8的旋转角度不大于90°，当防倾覆钩板5勾住轨道16的轨头的下表面时，能保持90°状态，使得防倾覆装置11仅能在垂直于轨道方向上产生约束反力，避免车辆转向架向上脱离轨道，进一步防止列车发生倾覆。钩板安装座8设于轨道16的上方，防倾覆钩板5与钩板安装座8通过钩板旋转销9连接，钩板安装座8通过钩板安装螺栓7安装在转向架上，止档6焊接在钩板安装座8上。本实施例中的防倾覆钩板5的钩部长度设置成根据转向架的镟轮后的轮径进行选配或者防倾覆钩板5采用可伸缩的结构。
如图5、图6所示，本实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置中，控制装置包括双作用式气缸3、双作用式电磁阀14以及控制器13，控制器13连接位移传感器12和双作用式电磁阀14，双作用式电磁阀14通过气路管道连接双作用式气缸3和储气罐15。双作用式气缸3的固定端通过第一气缸旋转销2与一气缸安装座1连接，双作用式气缸3的伸出端通过第二气缸旋转销4与防倾覆钩板5的中部连接，气缸安装座1通过气缸安装螺栓10安装在转向架的两侧。这样双作用式气缸3可以在垂直平面内运动从而配合防倾覆钩板5的动作。防倾覆钩板5具有足够的刚度，且双作用式气缸3的压缩空气的压力在特定值以上，以使得防倾覆钩板5在承受轮轨作用力时不会与轨道16分离。实际应用时，双作用式气缸3的伸出端向防倾覆钩板5施加的压力应大于防倾覆钩板5勾住轨道16的轨头的下表面时所受到的反作用力， 双作用式气缸3的压力大小可根据实际车辆和不同的转向架进行计算，只要保证防倾覆钩板5在承受轮轨作用力时防倾覆钩板5不会和轨道16分离即可。
如图5、图6所示，本实施例的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置的操作方法，该操作方法是根据位移传感器12采集的信息通过控制装置推动防倾覆钩板5的钩部勾住轨道16的轨头的下表面或者离开轨道16；具体步骤包括：
在列车正常运行时，利用位移传感器12检测的信号，然后通过控制器13触发双作用式电磁阀14的1位端，给双作用式气缸3的1位端(与防倾覆钩板5相连的一端)输送高压空气，使双作用式气缸3保持为缩回状态，避免防倾覆钩板5和轨道16发生干涉(参见图5)；
在列车非正常运行时，通过位移传感器12来判断轴箱弹簧的受力状态(参见图4，即通过位移传感器检测轴箱弹簧的高度来实现检测其受力状态)，若接近于零，则判定轨道车辆处于临界脱轨状态，此时利用位移传感器12检测的信号，通过控制器13触发双作用式电磁阀14的2位端，给双作用式气缸3的2位端(与转向架相连的一端)输送高压空气，推动双作用式气缸3伸出，使防倾覆钩板5钩住轨道16的轨头的下表面，以避免轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离，避免列车倾覆事故的发生(参见图6)。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，包括用于检测所述轨道车辆的轴箱弹簧的受力状态的位移传感器(12)、与所述位移传感器(12)相连的控制装置以及防倾覆钩板(5)，所述防倾覆钩板(5)的第一端设有一个可钩住轨道(16)的轨头的下表面的钩部，所述防倾覆钩板(5)的第二端可转动地装设在所述轨道车辆的转向架上，所述控制装置用于根据所述位移传感器(12)采集的信息推动所述防倾覆钩板(5)的钩部勾住所述轨道(16)的轨头的下表面或者离开所述轨道(16)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述防倾覆钩板(5)通过钩板安装座(8)可转动地安装于所述轨道车辆的转向架上，所述钩板安装座(8)上设有用于限制或约束所述防倾覆钩板(5)的转动角度的止档(6)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述止档(6)设置成约束防倾覆装置仅能在防倾覆钩板(5)和轨道(16)之间产生垂向的约束反力。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述钩板安装座(8)设于所述轨道(16)的上方，所述防倾覆钩板(5)与钩板安装座(8)通过钩板旋转销(9)连接，所述钩板安装座(8)通过钩板安装螺栓(7)安装在转向架上，所述止档(6)焊接在钩板安装座(8)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述防倾覆钩板(5)的钩部长度设置成根据所述转向架的镟轮后的轮径进行选配或者所述防倾覆钩板(5)采用可伸缩的结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述控制装置包括双作用式气缸(3)、双作用式电磁阀(14)以及控制器(13)，控制器(13)分别连接所述位移传感器(12)和双作用式电磁阀(14)，双作用式电磁阀(14)通过气路管道连接双作用式气缸(3)和储气罐(15)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述双作用式气缸(3)的固定端通过第一气缸旋转销(2)与一气缸安装座(1)连接，双作用式气缸(3)的伸出端通过第二气缸旋转销(4)与防倾覆钩板(5)的中部连接，所述气缸安装座(1)通过气缸安装螺栓(10)安装在转向架的两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置，其特征在于，所述防倾覆钩板(5)具有足够的刚度，且所述双作用式气缸(3)的压缩空气的压力在特定值以上，以使得防倾覆钩板(5)在承受轮轨作用力时不会与轨道(16)分离。
  9. 一种如权利要求6-7中任一项所述的用于轨道车辆的防倾覆装置的操作方法，该操作方法是根据所述位移传感器(12)采集的信息通过控制装置推动所述防倾覆钩板(5)的钩部 勾住所述轨道(16)的轨头的下表面或者离开所述轨道(16)；具体步骤包括：
    在列车正常运行时，利用所述位移传感器(12)检测的信号，然后通过控制器(13)触发双作用式电磁阀(14)的1位端，给双作用式气缸(3)的1位端输送高压空气，使所述双作用式气缸(3)保持为缩回状态，避免防倾覆钩板(5)和轨道(16)发生干涉；
    在列车非正常运行时，通过位移传感器(12)来判断所述轴箱弹簧的受力状态，若接近于零，则判定轨道车辆处于临界脱轨状态，此时利用所述位移传感器(12)检测的信号，通过控制器(13)触发双作用式电磁阀(14)的2位端，给双作用式气缸(3)的2位端输送高压空气，推动双作用式气缸(3)伸出，使防倾覆钩板(5)钩住轨道(16)的轨头的下表面，以避免轮对和轨道之间的垂向分离。
  10. 一种轨道车辆转向架，其特征在于，所述转向架的两侧下方各分别装设有一如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的防倾覆装置，所述位移传感器(12)安装在所述轨道车辆的轮对和转向架的构架之间。
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