WO2017049779A1 - 磁平衡导向线性振动马达 - Google Patents

磁平衡导向线性振动马达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017049779A1
WO2017049779A1 PCT/CN2015/097468 CN2015097468W WO2017049779A1 WO 2017049779 A1 WO2017049779 A1 WO 2017049779A1 CN 2015097468 W CN2015097468 W CN 2015097468W WO 2017049779 A1 WO2017049779 A1 WO 2017049779A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
balance
magnetic
weight
magnet
vibration
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/097468
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祖峰磊
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Priority to US15/752,187 priority Critical patent/US10658914B2/en
Publication of WO2017049779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017049779A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/18—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
    • H02K33/14—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems wherein the alternate energisation and de-energisation of the two coil systems are effected or controlled by movement of the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of consumer electronics, and more particularly to a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor for use in portable consumer electronics.
  • micro-vibration motors are generally used for system feedback, such as incoming call prompts of mobile phones, vibration feedback of game machines, and the like.
  • system feedback such as incoming call prompts of mobile phones, vibration feedback of game machines, and the like.
  • various internal components also need to adapt to this trend, and micro-vibration motors are no exception.
  • the conventional micro-vibration motor generally includes an upper cover, a lower cover that forms a vibration space with the upper cover, and a vibrator that linearly reciprocates in a vibration space with a guide shaft that penetrates the weight of the weight as a vibration reference (including a weight and a permanent a magnet), an elastic support member that connects the upper cover and causes the vibrator to reciprocate, and a coil located at a distance below the vibrator.
  • a vibration reference including a weight and a permanent a magnet
  • the balance of the vibrator that reciprocates linearly in the vibration space is maintained only by the cooperation of the guide shaft, the spring sleeved on the guide shaft, and the guide hole corresponding to the guide shaft.
  • the horizontal linear vibrator involved in the Chinese patent application No. CN01958629A This vibration balance, which is only maintained by mechanical forces such as shaft-holes and springs, often causes vibration imbalance due to mechanical wear, deformation, etc., thereby affecting the product quality of the micro-vibration motor.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor that maintains the vibration balance of the vibrator in the vibration space by means of the attraction force between the permanent magnets, thereby overcoming the wear caused by the mechanical balance means, Deformation problems improve product stability.
  • the magnetic balance guiding linear vibration motor provided by the invention comprises a casing, a vibrator and a stator fixedly connected with the casing, the vibrator comprising a weight block and a vibration block embedded in the weight block, wherein at the two ends of the weight block a pair of first balance magnets are respectively disposed on the vertical side wall; a second balance magnet corresponding to the first balance magnet is respectively disposed at a position corresponding to the end of the outer casing and the weight; and the second balance magnet and the corresponding The first balance magnets attract each other.
  • a cushion is disposed on the outer casing at a position between the second balance magnet and the first balance magnet.
  • a balance positioning space is respectively disposed at a corner position of the two ends of the weight and the two vertical sidewalls; the first balance magnet is fixed in the balance by glue or laser welding. Positioning space.
  • a vibration guiding shaft and a limiting spring are disposed at a central position of both ends of the weight, the limiting spring is sleeved on the vibration guiding shaft; and the vibration guiding shaft is arranged on the outer casing a limit position mechanism is disposed at a position corresponding to the limit spring, the limit spring is limited between the weight block and the limit mechanism; and a supply point is disposed in the limit mechanism a guiding hole for reciprocating the vibration guiding shaft, wherein the second balancing magnet is symmetrically disposed in the limiting mechanism or disposed between the limiting mechanism and the first balancing magnet.
  • the first balance magnet and the second balance magnet are permanent magnets, electromagnets or any combination of permanent magnets and electromagnets.
  • a relief structure for evading the stator is disposed at a middle portion of the weight; a recess for accommodating the vibration block is disposed at a center of the relief structure on the weight; the vibration block is coated Glue or laser welding is fixed in the groove.
  • the vibration block includes at least three permanent magnets disposed adjacent to each other and having the same polarity at the same end, and a conductive yoke is disposed between the adjacent permanent magnets;
  • the stator includes a coil and is located at the coil a magnetic core in the middle; the magnetic yoke is misaligned with the magnetic core; and a magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is perpendicular to a coil axis direction of the stator.
  • a distance between the yoke and the magnetic core corresponding to the yoke in a horizontal direction is in a range of values from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm; and the magnetic cores are located corresponding thereto The yoke is located away from the center of the vibrator.
  • the weight is a tungsten steel block, a nickel steel block or a nickel tungsten alloy block.
  • the magnetic balance guiding linear vibration motor further comprises a flexible circuit board;
  • the flexible circuit board is fixedly coupled to the outer casing; and the coil leads of the stator are in communication with an external circuit through circuitry on the flexible circuit board.
  • the vibration balance of the vibrator in the vibration space of the motor can be provided by the combination of the magnets attracted to each other on the vibrator and the outer casing, thereby achieving the magnetic balance guiding effect and overcoming the mechanical balance of the motor. Problems such as wear, deformation and balance errors reduce motor noise and improve quality and stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a partial assembled structural view of a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic views showing a combined structure of a vibrating block and a stator according to first and second embodiments of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the operation principle of a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor according to first and second embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a weight assembly equipped with a vibration block and a first balance magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7a is a schematic view showing the principle of operation of a magnetic balance guiding mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7b is a schematic view showing the principle of operation of the magnetic balance guiding mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor provided by the present invention is based on the existing mechanical balance.
  • the vibrator and the housing are fixed in pairs with each other to attract a magnet, and the vibrating vibrator is provided with a balance between the vibrating vibrator and the relatively fixed outer casing by the principle of the opposite attraction of the permanent magnet.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively show the entirety of a magnetic balance guided linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor of the present embodiment mainly comprises a casing, a vibrator and a stator fixedly connected to the casing, and the stator and the vibrator are arranged in a vertical direction.
  • the outer casing includes an upper casing 1 and a rear cover 2, and the vibrator includes a vibration block matched with the stator and a weight 31 fixedly connected to the vibration block, and the vibration block includes three permanent magnets 32a, 32b, 32c disposed adjacent to each other.
  • the stator includes two coils 41a, 41b disposed corresponding to the vibrators and magnetic cores 42a, 42b respectively disposed in the coils.
  • the magnetic yoke and the magnetic core are staggered, and each of the magnetic cores is located at a position away from the center of the vibrator corresponding to the magnetic yoke.
  • the "corresponding" refers to a magnetic core/magnetic yoke that can influence each other and change the direction of the magnetic flux.
  • the staggered arrangement order of the yoke and the magnetic core is: the magnetic core 42a, the yoke 33a, the yoke 33b.
  • the magnetic core 42b wherein the magnetic core 42a corresponds to the yoke 33a, and the yoke 33b corresponds to the magnetic core 42b.
  • the combined structure of the vibrating block and the stator according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b.
  • the adjacent ends of each permanent magnet and the adjacent permanent magnet have the same polarity, that is, in the order of SN, NS, SN (as shown in FIG. 4a) or NS, SN.
  • the NS sequence (shown in FIG. 4b) is arranged such that the yoke is disposed between adjacent permanent magnets, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is perpendicular to the axial direction of the coil of the stator.
  • the axial direction of the coil is the direction in which the central axis of the coil and the magnetic core therein is located.
  • the magnetization direction of the magnet is horizontal, and the axis direction of the coil is vertical. Straight direction. Since the two permanent magnets have repulsive forces between the opposite ends of the permanent magnets, the magnetic lines of the permanent magnets can be concentrated through the yoke between the two adjacent permanent magnets and The coil below the vibrating block to maximize the magnetic flux through the coil.
  • FIG. 5 The working principle of the linear vibration motor of the present invention will be briefly described below using FIG. 5 as an example.
  • the left-hand rule that determines the direction of the force of the energized conductor in the magnetic field, extend the left hand so that the thumb is perpendicular to the other four fingers, and both are in the same plane as the palm; let the magnetic line enter from the palm and point the four fingers
  • the direction of the current, in which the direction of the thumb is the direction of the ampere force of the energized conductor in the magnetic field.
  • the current direction is in the vertical direction of the face, marked as The current direction is the vertical view facing outward, assuming the first coil is " with "The second coil must also be” with "The coil will be forced to the right F, because the coil is fixed, based on the relationship between the force and the reaction force, the permanent magnet is forced to the left F'.
  • the permanent magnet that is driven by the left is driven.
  • the weights are moved together to the left, so that the spring on the left side of the weight is squeezed and the spring on the right side of the weight is stretched.
  • the current direction changes, the magnetic field received by the coil according to the left hand rule.
  • the direction of the force F is to the left.
  • the permanent magnet receives the force of F' opposite to the F direction and the same magnitude, and the permanent magnet that is pushed to the right drives the weight together to the right.
  • the translational movement causes the springs at both ends of the weight to continue to be stretched/extruded from the extruded/stretched state.
  • the above movements alternate, making the vibration block and the weight of the permanent magnet and the yoke
  • the formed vibrator reciprocates in a direction parallel to the mounting plane of the stator.
  • the present invention is further provided with a magnetic balance guiding mechanism, including a pair of first balance magnets 61a, 61b respectively disposed on the vertical side walls of the weights 31, corresponding to each other. And the position corresponding to the end of the weight 31 on the outer casing is also separately set A pair of second balance magnets corresponding to the balance magnets 61a and 61b, and the second balance magnets 62a and 62b and the corresponding first balance magnets 61a and 61b are attracted to each other.
  • the two pairs of first balance magnets 61a, 61b are respectively fixed to the both ends of the weight 31
  • the two pairs of second balance magnets which are attracted to the two pairs of first balance magnets 61a, 61b are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the casing, that is, The two ends of the vibration space on the outer casing are fixedly provided with two pairs of magnets capable of giving an attractive force to both ends of the vibrator in the space, so that during the vibrator vibration, the four corners of the vibrator are subjected to four corners corresponding to the vibration space.
  • This magnetic balance guide does not deform or wear, and has higher accuracy and stability than existing mechanical balance guides.
  • the first balance magnet embedded in the four corners of the weight block may also be referred to as a moving magnet.
  • the moving magnet In order to maintain balance, the moving magnet must be symmetrically embedded at the four corners of the weight, and at the same time, it is better to ensure that it has Large magnetic product energy to ensure the balance of force.
  • the second balance magnet disposed on both sides of the weight block and fixed on the outer casing can also be a fixed magnet. The distance between the fixed magnet and the moving magnet should be as small as possible to ensure sufficient balance force, but vibration space must be considered at the same time. Avoidance.
  • an electromagnet may be further added at both ends of the fixed magnet to adjust the asymmetry of the balance force received by the vibration block during the vibration process.
  • the magnetic balance guiding linear vibration motor provided by the present invention is also provided with a mechanical balancing mechanism, including vibration guiding shafts 51a and 51b disposed at the center positions of both ends of the weight 31 and limit positions on the vibration guiding shaft.
  • the springs 52a and 52b and the stopper mechanisms 53a and 53b provided at the non-fixed ends of the vibration guide shaft are provided with guide holes for reciprocating the vibration guide shaft on the end surface of the stopper mechanism with respect to the vibration guide shaft.
  • the vibration guiding shaft in the mechanical balancing mechanism may be fixedly connected with the weight block or fixedly connected to the outer casing, and correspondingly, the limiting mechanism for providing the guiding hole for the non-fixed end of the vibration guiding shaft is fixedly connected with the outer casing or the weight block,
  • the limit spring is limited between the vibration guide shaft and the outer end of the outer casing or the weight and the limit mechanism.
  • the second balance magnets 62a, 62b are separately disposed between the limiting mechanisms 53a, 53b and the first balance magnets 61a, 61b, and
  • the second balance magnet and the stopper mechanisms 53a, 53b are integrally provided members. That is, in the first embodiment, the limiting mechanisms 53a, 53b are components common to the magnetic balance mechanism and the mechanical balancing mechanism in the motor; and in the second embodiment, the limiting mechanisms 53a, 53b are only mechanically balanced.
  • the components of the mechanism, the magnetic balance mechanism is a mechanism independent of the mechanical balancing mechanism.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by taking the magnetic balance guiding linear vibration motor with the independent magnetic balance mechanism shown in the second embodiment as an example.
  • the first embodiment Magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motors can also implement these technical solutions.
  • Fig. 6 shows the structure of a weight assembly equipped with a vibration block and a first balance magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a vibration block composed of three permanent magnets 32a, 32b, 32c and two magnetic yokes 33a, 33b is fixedly disposed in the weight 31, and two pairs of first balance magnets 61a, 61b are respectively disposed at The four corner positions of the weight 31.
  • first balance magnet and the second balance magnet may be a magnet or a combination of two magnets.
  • each of the second balance magnets is composed of two magnets having opposite magnetization directions, and the first balance corresponding thereto The magnet is also composed of two magnets with opposite magnetization directions.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b The magnetic balance principle of the magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor of the second embodiment provided by the present invention is as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. Specifically, FIGS. 7a and 7b are respectively shown from the two sides of the top view and the side view. The principle of operation of the magnetic balance guiding mechanism of the embodiment of the invention.
  • two pairs of four first balance magnets 61a, 61b are respectively fixed at the four corner positions of the weight 31, and correspondingly disposed on the edge of the vibration space (on the inner wall of the upper casing), respectively.
  • the two pairs of four second balancing magnets 62a, 62b at the corner positions create a balanced attraction to the weights such that the weights remain balanced during the reciprocating motion of the vibration space.
  • a cushion may be disposed on the outer casing at a position between the second balance magnets 62a, 62b and the first balance magnets 61a, 61b to Protects the motor's magnetic balance guide mechanism for improved stability.
  • the weight 31 can be made of a high-density metal material such as a tungsten steel block or a nickel steel block or a nickel-tungsten alloy to increase the vibration force and make the vibration of the electronic product stronger.
  • first and second embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2 four ends of the weight are joined to the two vertical walls.
  • the corner positions are respectively provided with a balance positioning space for accommodating the first balance magnet, and the balance positioning space may be integrally formed when the weight is processed, or may be formed by cutting.
  • Four first balancing magnets can be glued or laser welded The manners are respectively fixed in the balanced positioning spaces of the four corners of the weight.
  • the stopper mechanisms 53a, 53b are respectively fixed to the upper casing 1, and the two vibration guide shafts 51a, 51b are respectively fixed to the both ends of the weight 31.
  • the vibrating block drives the weight 31 and the vibration guiding shafts 51a and 51b fixed to both ends of the weight 31 to vibrate within a limited range of the guiding hole by the magnetic field generated after the stator is energized.
  • the limit springs 52a, 52b respectively disposed on the vibration guide shafts 51a, 51b are respectively defined between the weight 31 and the corresponding limit mechanisms 53a, 53b to provide an elastic restoring force for the vibration of the vibrator.
  • the amplitude of the vibrator vibration determines the depth of the vibrating guide shaft deep into the guide hole, the depth of the vibrating guide shaft deep into the end of the guide hole from the bottom end of the guide hole, and the width of the edge of the avoidance structure from the outer edge of the stator.
  • the horizontal distance between the yoke and the magnetic core corresponding to the yoke is in the range of 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm, that is, each guide.
  • the horizontal distance of the center line of the yoke from the center line of the corresponding (ie nearest) stator core is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, then the corresponding vibration guide shaft penetrates the depth of the guide hole, and the vibration guide shaft penetrates the guide hole.
  • the depth of the end from the bottom end of the guide hole and the width of the edge of the relief structure from the outer edge of the stator should be slightly larger than 0.2 mm.
  • the sleeve 54 can be disposed at the entrance position of the guide hole, and the angle of contact between the vibration guide shaft and the guide hole is reduced, and the smooth wear resistance of the contact surface between the sleeve and the guide hole is increased, and the angle is minimized.
  • the friction between the small vibration guide shaft and the guide hole improves the product quality.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 only the sleeve 54 provided on the limiting mechanism 53b is indicated, and the corresponding sleeve is also provided at the corresponding position on the limiting mechanism 53a, but it cannot be displayed due to the angle problem illustrated.
  • the vibrating block is embedded and fixed in the weight to drive the counterweight to vibrate horizontally.
  • a relief structure for escaping the stator is disposed in a middle portion of the weight, and a recess for accommodating the vibration block is disposed at a center position of the relief structure on the weight.
  • the permanent magnets constituting the vibration block and the yoke may be fixed together, and then the vibration block is integrally fixed in the groove by glue or laser welding.
  • the magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor provided by the present invention further comprises a flexible circuit board (PFCB) 7 (shown in FIG. 1), the stator is fixed on the FPCB 7, and the coil lead of the stator is connected to the external circuit through the circuit on the FPCB 7, FPCB 7 is fixed to the upper case 1, and the rear cover 2 can be fixed to the FPCB 7 by means of a snap.
  • PFCB flexible circuit board
  • the combined structure shown in Fig. 2 is a combined structure after the flexible circuit board is removed.
  • the magnetic balance-guided linear vibration motor provided by the present invention provides a balance between the reciprocating motion of the vibrator in the vibration space by the mechanical balance guiding mechanism, and also increases the magnetic balance guide.
  • the mechanism provides a balance between the vibration of the vibrator by the interaction force of the balance magnets set at a fixed point.
  • the structural design of the magnetic balance guiding mechanism proposed by the invention not only can avoid the wear and deformation of the components in the mechanical balance guiding mechanism, but also can effectively reduce the noise generated by maintaining the mechanical balance and improve the quality of the motor.
  • the magnetic balance mechanism of the present invention can provide a push-pull force to the vibrator in addition to the balance provided by the magnetic force.
  • the magnetic balance guiding mechanism proposed in the present invention is not only applied to a motor, but also can be applied to other products that need to maintain component balance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种磁平衡导向线性振动马达，包括外壳（1、2）、振子和与外壳（1、2）固定连接的定子，振子包括配重块（31）和嵌设固定在配重块（31）中的振动块，其中，在配重块（31）的两端竖直侧壁上分别设置有一对第一平衡磁铁（61a、61b）；在外壳（1、2）与配重块（31）端部相对应的位置分别设置有与第一平衡磁铁（61a、61b）相对应的第二平衡磁铁（62a、62b）；并且，第二平衡磁铁（62a、62b）与对应的第一平衡磁铁（61a、61b）相互吸引。该振动马达利用分设于振子和外壳（1、2）上的相互吸引的磁铁组合来为振子提供在马达振动空间中的振动平衡，克服马达机械平衡手段带来的磨损、形变以及平衡误差等问题，降低马达的噪音，提高了马达的产品质量和稳定性。

Description

磁平衡导向线性振动马达 技术领域
本发明涉及消费电子技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种应用于便携式消费电子产品的磁平衡导向线性振动马达。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，便携式电子产品，如手机、掌上游戏机或者掌上多媒体娱乐设备等进入人们的生活。在这些便携式电子产品中，一般会用微型振动马达来做系统反馈，例如手机的来电提示、游戏机的振动反馈等。然而，随着电子产品的轻薄化发展趋势，其内部的各种元器件也需适应这种趋势，微型振动马达也不例外。
现有的微型振动马达，一般包括上盖、与上盖形成振动空间的下盖、在振动空间内以贯穿配重块的导向轴为振动基准做直线往复振动的振子(包括配重块和永磁铁)、连接上盖并使振子做往复振动的弹性支撑件、以及位于振子下方一段距离的线圈。
但是，在上述微型振动马达的结构中，在振动空间内做直线往复振动的振子的平衡仅仅依靠导向轴、套设在导向轴上的弹簧和与导向轴相对应的导向孔的配合来维持，比如公布号为CN01958629A的中国专利申请中所涉及的水平线性振动器。这种仅仅依靠轴-孔以及弹簧等机械的力量维持的振动平衡，往往会由于机械磨损、变形等原因产生振动失衡，从而影响微型振动马达的产品质量。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种磁平衡导向线性振动马达，借助于永磁铁之间的吸引力来维持振子在振动空间中的振动平衡，从而克服机械平衡手段所带来的磨损、形变问题，提高产品的稳定性。
本发明提供的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子和与外壳固定连接的定子，振子包括配重块和嵌设固定在配重块中的振动块，其中，在配重块的两端竖直侧壁上分别设置有一对第一平衡磁铁；在外壳与配重块端部相对应的位置分别设置有与第一平衡磁铁相对应的第二平衡磁铁；并且，第二平衡磁铁与对应的第一平衡磁铁相互吸引。
优选地，在所述外壳上位于所述第二平衡磁铁和所述第一平衡磁铁之间的位置设置有缓冲垫。
优选地，在所述配重块的两端与两竖直侧壁相接的角部位置分别设置有平衡定位空间；所述第一平衡磁铁以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述平衡定位空间中。
优选地，在所述配重块的两端中心位置设置有振动导向轴和限位弹簧，所述限位弹簧套设在所述振动导向轴上；在所述外壳上与所述振动导向轴和所述限位弹簧相对应的位置设置有限位机构，所述限位弹簧限位在所述配重块和所述限位机构之间；并且，在所述限位机构内设置有供所述振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔，所述第二平衡磁铁以所述导向孔为对称设置在所述限位机构内或者设置在所述限位机构和所述第一平衡磁铁之间。
优选地，所述第一平衡磁铁和所述第二平衡磁铁为永磁铁、电磁铁或者永磁铁和电磁铁的任意组合。
优选地，在所述配重块的中部设置有避让所述定子的避让结构；在所述配重块上避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳所述振动块的凹槽；所述振动块以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述凹槽中。
优选地，所述振动块包括至少三块相邻接设置且邻接端极性相同的永磁铁，在相邻接的永磁铁之间设置有导磁轭；所述定子包括线圈和位于所述线圈中间的导磁芯；所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯错位排列；所述永磁铁的充磁方向与所述定子的线圈轴线方向垂直。
优选地，所述导磁轭和与所述导磁轭对应的所述导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm-0.3mm的数值范围内；并且，所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
优选地，所述配重块为钨钢块、镍钢块或镍钨合金块。
优选地，所述磁平衡导向线性振动马达还包括柔性线路板；所述定子通 过所述柔性线路板与所述外壳固定连接；以及，所述定子的线圈引线通过所述柔性线路板上的电路与外部电路连通。
根据本发明的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，能够利用分设于振子和外壳上的相互吸引的磁铁组合来为振子提供在马达振动空间中的振动平衡，从而达到磁平衡导向效果，克服马达机械平衡手段带来的磨损、形变以及平衡误差等问题，降低马达的噪音，提高质量和稳定性。
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本发明的一个或多个方面包括后面将详细说明并在权利要求中特别指出的特征。下面的说明以及附图详细说明了本发明的某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面指示的仅仅是可使用本发明的原理的各种方式中的一些方式。此外，本发明旨在包括所有这些方面以及它们的等同物。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图的说明及权利要求书的内容，并且随着对本发明的更全面理解，本发明的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1为根据本发明第一实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达爆炸结构示意图；
图2为根据本发明第二实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达爆炸结构示意图；
图3为根据本发明第二实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达的部分组合结构示意图；
图4a和图4b分别为根据本发明第一和第二实施例的振动块和定子组合结构示意图；
图5为根据本发明第一和第二实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达的工作原理示意图；
图6为根据本发明第二实施例的装配了振动块和第一平衡磁铁的配重块的结构示意图；
图7a为根据本发明第二实施例的磁平衡导向机构的作用原理示意图；
图7b为根据本发明第二实施例的磁平衡导向机构的作用原理示意图。
图中：上壳1，后盖2，配重块31，永磁铁32a、32b、32c，导磁轭33a、33b，线圈41a、41b，导磁芯42a、42b，振动导向轴51a、51b，限位弹簧52a、52b，限位机构53a、53b，轴套54，第一平衡磁铁61a、61b，第二平衡磁铁62a、62b，柔性线路板7。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，出于说明的目的，为了提供对一个或多个实施例的全面理解，阐述了许多具体细节。然而，很明显，也可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实现这些实施例。在其它例子中，为了便于描述一个或多个实施例，公知的结构和设备以方框图的形式示出。
为了解决现有的微型振动马达结构中机械振动平衡手段所导致的平衡误差、机械磨损以及形变等问题，本发明提供的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，在现有的机械平衡的基础上，分别在振子和外壳上固定成对的相互吸引的磁铁，利用永磁铁的异性相吸原理为振动的振子提供其与相对固定的外壳之间的平衡。
以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细描述。
图1示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达的整体爆炸结构，图2和图3分别示出了根据本发明第二实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达的整体爆炸结构和部分组件的组合结构。
如图1、图2和图3共同所示，本实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达主要包括外壳、振子和与外壳固定连接的定子，定子与振子在竖直方向上排布。其中的外壳包括上壳1和后盖2，振子包括与定子相匹配的振动块和与振动块固定连接的配重块31，振动块包括相邻接设置的三块永磁铁32a、32b、32c以及分别设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间的导磁轭33a、33b；定子包括与振子相对应设置的两个线圈41a、41b和分别设置在线圈中的导磁芯42a、42b。导磁轭与导磁芯交错排布，每个导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离振子中心的位置，该“对应”指能够互相影响并改变磁力线走向的导磁芯/导磁轭。在图示中，导磁轭与导磁芯的交错排布顺序为：导磁芯42a、导磁轭33a、导磁轭 33b、导磁芯42b，其中，导磁芯42a与导磁轭33a对应，导磁轭33b与导磁芯42b对应。
其中，根据本发明的第一和第二实施例的振动块和定子的组合结构如图4a和图4b所示。在相邻接设置的三块永磁铁中，每个永磁铁与相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端的极性都相同，即呈S-N、N-S、S-N顺序(如图4a所示)或者N-S、S-N、N-S顺序(如图4b所示)排列，导磁轭设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间，并且永磁铁的充磁方向与定子的线圈的轴线方向垂直。此处，线圈的轴线方向为线圈及其中的导磁芯的中心轴线所在的方向，在图4a和图4b所示的实施例中，磁铁的充磁方向为水平方向，线圈的轴线方向为竖直方向。由于两个永磁铁相邻接的极性相同的两端之间会产生相斥的力量，因此，永磁铁的磁力线能够集中通过相邻接的两个永磁铁之间的导磁轭以及设置在振动块下方的线圈，从而尽可能增大穿过线圈的磁通量。
下面将以图5为例简单说明本发明线性振动马达的工作原理。根据判定通电导体在磁场中受力方向的左手定则，伸开左手，使拇指与其余四个手指垂直，并且都与手掌在同一平面内；让磁感线从掌心进入，并使四指指向电流的方向，这时拇指所指的方向就是通电导线在磁场中所受安培力的方向。假设线圈内的电流方向，图中标示为
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000001
电流方向为垂直图面向里，标示为
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000002
电流方向为垂直图面向外，假设第一个线圈是“
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000003
和
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000004
”，第二个线圈必须也是“
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000005
和
Figure PCTCN2015097468-appb-000006
”，这样线圈才会均受力向右F，由于线圈固定不动，基于作用力与反作用力的关系，则永磁铁受力向左F’。如此，受到向左推动力的永磁铁就带动配重块一起做向左的平移运动，从而挤压配重块左侧的弹簧，拉伸配重块右侧的弹簧。同理，当电流方向改变时，按照左手定则，线圈受到的磁场力F的方向为向左。但是由于线圈固定不动，则永磁铁受到与F方向相反且大小相同的F’的作用力，受到向右推动力的永磁铁就带动配重块一起做向右的平移运动，同时使配重块两端的弹簧从挤压/拉伸状态恢复原状后继续被拉伸/挤压。上述运动交替进行，使永磁铁和导磁轭组成的振动块与配重块形成的振子在平行于定子的安装平面的方向做往复运动。
为了给马达提供稳定的磁平衡导向，本发明中还设置有磁平衡导向机构，包括在配重块31的两端竖直侧壁上分别设置的一对第一平衡磁铁61a、61b，相对应地，以及在外壳上与配重块31的端部相对应的位置也分别设置的与第 一平衡磁铁61a、61b相对应的一对第二平衡磁铁，并且第二平衡磁铁62a、62b与对应的第一平衡磁铁61a、61b相互吸引。
由于两对第一平衡磁铁61a、61b分别固定在配重块31的两端，而与两对第一平衡磁铁61a、61b相互吸引的两对第二平衡磁铁分别固定在外壳内壁上，即在外壳上振动空间的两端固定设置有能够给予空间中振动的振子两端定位吸引力的两对磁铁，如此，在振子振动过程中，振子四个角部就会受到振动空间对应的四个角部的定向吸引力，当振子产生偏转时，该吸引力会转变成与偏转方向相反的回复力，从而为振子在振动空间中的振动提供磁平衡导向。这种磁平衡导向不会发生形变，也不会产生磨损，相对于现有的机械平衡导向手段具有更高的精准性和稳定性。
在上述磁平衡导向机构的设计中，嵌入配重块四角的第一平衡磁铁也可以称为动磁铁，为了保持平衡，动磁铁必须在配重块的四角对称嵌入，同时，最好保证其具有较大的磁积能，以保证平衡力的大小。同理，设置在配重块两侧、固定在外壳上的第二平衡磁铁也可以成为定磁铁，定磁铁与动磁铁的间距应当尽量小，以保证足够的平衡力，但同时必须考虑振动空间的避让。
为了保证磁平衡导向机构中两侧的平衡力对称，应当保证各磁铁(包括定磁铁和动磁铁)的一致性，以及装配间距的一致性。在具体的应用过程中，为了降低制造难度，还可以在定磁铁的两端再添加电磁铁，以调整振动块在振动过程中所受到的平衡力的非对称性。
另外，本发明提供的磁平衡导向线性振动马达中也设置有机械平衡机构，包括设置在配重块31的两端中心位置的振动导向轴51a、51b和套设在振动导向轴上的限位弹簧52a、52b，以及设置在振动导向轴非固定端的限位机构53a、53b，在限位机构相对于振动导向轴的端面上设置有供振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔。机械平衡机构中的振动导向轴可以与配重块固定连接，也可以与外壳固定连接，相应地，为振动导向轴的非固定端提供导向孔的限位机构与外壳或者配重块固定连接，限位弹簧则限位在振动导向轴与外壳或者配重块的固定端面和限位机构之间。
上述第一实施例和第二实施例的区别在于，在第二实施例中，第二平衡磁铁62a、62b单独设置在限位机构53a、53b和第一平衡磁铁61a、61b之间，而在第一实施例中，第二平衡磁铁与限位机构53a、53b为一体设置的部件。 也就是说，在第一实施例中，限位机构53a、53b为马达中的磁平衡机构和机械平衡机构共用的部件；而在第二实施例中，限位机构53a、53b仅为机械平衡机构的部件，磁平衡机构为与机械平衡机构相互独立的机构。
为了表述的方便，在下面的实施例描述中，以第二实施例所示的具有独立的磁平衡机构的磁平衡导向线性振动马达为例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明，然而第一实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达也可以实现这些技术方案。
图6示出了根据本发明第二实施例的装配了振动块和第一平衡磁铁的配重块的结构。如图6所示，由三块永磁铁32a、32b、32c和两块导磁轭33a、33b组成的振动块固定设置在配重块31内，两对第一平衡磁铁61a、61b分别设置在配重块31的四个角部位置。
并且，第一平衡磁铁和第二平衡磁铁可以采用一个磁铁或者两个磁铁的组合，比如：每个第二平衡磁铁均由两个充磁方向相反的磁铁组成，与之相对应的第一平衡磁铁也由两个充磁方向相反的磁铁组成。
本发明提供的第二实施例的磁平衡导向线性振动马达的磁平衡原理如图7a和图7b所示，具体地，图7a和图7b分别从俯视和侧视两个角度示出了根据本发明实施例的磁平衡导向机构的作用原理。
如图7a和图7b所示，两对四个第一平衡磁铁61a、61b分别固定在配重块31的四个角部位置，相应地，分别设置在振动空间边缘(上壳内壁上)四个角部位置的两对四个第二平衡磁铁62a、62b对配重块产生平衡的吸引力，从而使得配重块在振动空间往复运动的过程中保持平衡。
另外，为了避免磁平衡导向机构中的平衡磁铁在振子振动过程中产生碰撞，还可以在外壳上位于第二平衡磁铁62a、62b和第一平衡磁铁61a、61b之间的位置设置缓冲垫，以保护马达的磁平衡导向机构，提高稳定性。
配重块31可以采用钨钢块或镍钢块或者镍钨合金等高密度金属材料制成，以加大振动力，使电子产品的振动更强烈。
为了便于第一平衡磁铁在配重块上的装配，在图1和图2所示的第一和第二实施例中，在配重块的两端与两竖直侧壁相接的四个角部位置分别设置有用于容纳第一平衡磁铁的平衡定位空间，该平衡定位空间可以在加工配重块时一体成型，也可以去料形成。四个第一平衡磁铁可以涂胶或者激光电焊 等方式分别固定在配重块四个角部的平衡定位空间中。
在图1和图2所示的第一和第二实施例中，限位机构53a、53b分别固定在上壳1上，两根振动导向轴51a、51b分别固定在配重块31的两端。这样，振动块在定子通电后产生的磁场的作用下，带动配重块31以及固定在配重块31两端的振动导向轴51a、51b在导向孔的限定范围内振动。分别套设在振动导向轴51a、51b上的限位弹簧52a、52b分别被限定在配重块31和对应的限位机构53a、53b之间，为振子的振动提供弹性恢复力。
显然，振子振动的幅度决定了振动导向轴深入导向孔的深度、振动导向轴深入导向孔的末端距离导向孔的底端的深度以及避让结构的边缘距离定子外边缘的宽度。在图1、图2所示的实施例中，导磁轭和与导磁轭对应的导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm，0.3mm的数值范围内，也就是说，每个导磁轭的中心线距离相应的(也即最近的)定子的导磁芯的中心线的水平距离为0.1～0.3mm，那么，相应的振动导向轴深入导向孔的深度、振动导向轴深入导向孔的末端距离导向孔的底端的深度以及避让结构的边缘距离定子外边缘的宽度均应略大于0.2mm。
另外，还可以在导向孔的入口位置设置轴套54，从减小振动导向轴与导向孔的接触面积、增加轴套与导向孔之间接触面的光滑耐磨程度等多个角度，尽量减小振动导向轴与导向孔之间的摩擦力，提高产品质量。图1和图2中只标出了设置在限位机构53b上的轴套54，在限位机构53a上相对应位置也具有相同的轴套，只是由于图示的角度问题无法显示。
在图1和图2所示的实施例中，振动块嵌设固定在配重块中，以带动配重块水平振动。具体地，在配重块的中部设置有避让定子的避让结构，在配重块上避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳振动块的凹槽。在具体的装配过程中，可以先将组成振动块的永磁铁和导磁轭固定在一起，然后以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式将振动块整体固定在凹槽中。
本发明提供的磁平衡导向线性振动马达还包括柔性线路板(PFCB)7(如图1所示)，定子固定在FPCB 7上，定子的线圈引线通过FPCB 7上的电路与外部电路连通，FPCB 7与上壳1固定，后盖2可以通过卡扣的方式与FPCB 7固定。
需要说明的是，为了更为清楚的展示本发明所提供的磁平衡导向线性振 动马达的结构，图2所示的组合结构为去掉柔性线路板后的组合结构。
通过上述实施例的表述可以看出，本发明提供的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，在现有的以机械平衡导向机构为振子在振动空间内的往复运动提供平衡之外，还增加了磁平衡导向机构，利用定点设置的平衡磁铁的相互作用力为振子的振动提供平衡。本发明提出的这种磁平衡导向机构的结构设计，不仅能够避免机械平衡导向机构中对部件造成的磨损、形变，还可以有效降低维持机械平衡所产生的噪声，提高马达的质量。
另外，本发明中的这种磁平衡机构除了能够以磁力提供平衡之外，还能够为振子提供推挽力。
并且，本领域技术人员应当明了，本发明中提出的这种磁平衡导向机构也不仅仅应用于马达，还可以应用于其他的需要维持部件平衡的产品。
如上参照附图以示例的方式描述根据本发明的磁平衡导向线性振动马达。但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对于上述本发明所提出的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，还可以在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磁平衡导向线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子和与所述外壳固定连接的定子，所述振子包括配重块和嵌设固定在所述配重块中的振动块，其特征在于，
    在所述配重块的两端竖直侧壁上分别设置有一对第一平衡磁铁；
    在所述外壳与所述配重块端部相对应的位置分别设置有与所述第一平衡磁铁相对应的第二平衡磁铁；并且，
    所述第二平衡磁铁与对应的第一平衡磁铁相互吸引。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    在所述外壳上位于所述第二平衡磁铁和所述第一平衡磁铁之间的位置设置有缓冲垫。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    在所述配重块的两端与两竖直侧壁相接的角部位置分别设置有平衡定位空间；
    所述第一平衡磁铁以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述平衡定位空间中。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    在所述配重块的两端中心位置设置有振动导向轴和限位弹簧，所述限位弹簧套设在所述振动导向轴上；
    在所述外壳上与所述振动导向轴和所述限位弹簧相对应的位置设置有限位机构，所述限位弹簧限位在所述配重块和所述限位机构之间；并且，
    在所述限位机构内设置有供所述振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔，所述第二平衡磁铁以所述导向孔为对称设置在所述限位机构内或者设置在所述限位机构和所述第一平衡磁铁之间。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述第一平衡磁铁和所述第二平衡磁铁为永磁铁、电磁铁或者永磁铁和电磁铁的任意组合。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    在所述配重块的中部设置有避让所述定子的避让结构；
    在所述配重块上避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳所述振动块的凹槽；
    所述振动块以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述凹槽中。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述振动块包括至少三块相邻接设置且邻接端极性相同的永磁铁，在相邻接的永磁铁之间设置有导磁轭；
    所述定子包括线圈和位于所述线圈中间的导磁芯；
    所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯错位排列；
    所述永磁铁的充磁方向与所述定子的线圈轴线方向垂直。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述导磁轭和与所述导磁轭对应的所述导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm-0.3mm的数值范围内；并且，
    所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述配重块为钨钢块、镍钢块或镍钨合金块。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的磁平衡导向线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    还包括柔性线路板；
    所述定子通过所述柔性线路板与所述外壳固定连接；以及，
    所述定子的线圈引线通过所述柔性线路板上的电路与外部电路连通。
PCT/CN2015/097468 2015-09-23 2015-12-15 磁平衡导向线性振动马达 Ceased WO2017049779A1 (zh)

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