WO2017049778A1 - 线性振动马达 - Google Patents

线性振动马达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017049778A1
WO2017049778A1 PCT/CN2015/097466 CN2015097466W WO2017049778A1 WO 2017049778 A1 WO2017049778 A1 WO 2017049778A1 CN 2015097466 W CN2015097466 W CN 2015097466W WO 2017049778 A1 WO2017049778 A1 WO 2017049778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibrator
magnetic
permanent magnets
vibration motor
yoke
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PCT/CN2015/097466
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祖峰磊
刘春发
Original Assignee
歌尔声学股份有限公司
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Application filed by 歌尔声学股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔声学股份有限公司
Priority to US15/750,545 priority Critical patent/US10658913B2/en
Publication of WO2017049778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017049778A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/18—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
    • H02K33/14—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems wherein the alternate energisation and de-energisation of the two coil systems are effected or controlled by movement of the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of consumer electronics, and more particularly to a linear vibration motor for use in portable consumer electronics.
  • the existing miniature vibration motor generally includes an upper cover, a lower cover that forms a vibration space with the upper cover, a vibrator (including a weight and a permanent magnet) that linearly reciprocates in the vibration space, connects the upper cover, and reciprocates the vibrator A vibrating elastic support and a coil located a distance below the vibrator.
  • a vibrator including a weight and a permanent magnet
  • the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet itself in the vibrator is relatively dispersed, and the generated magnetic field is still not fully utilized, and the relative magnetic flux passing through the coil is relatively small, resulting in The force will be relatively small, affecting the vibratory effect; when moving to both ends, the magnetic flux of the erected magnetizing direction through the voice coil is also small, so that the vibration response of the electronic product is slower and more responsive. small.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a linear vibration magnetizing motor which can concentrate the magnetic lines of the permanent magnet through the coil by the repulsive force between the two ends of the same polarity of the two permanent magnets, thereby obtaining a larger Magnetic flux and a stronger sense of vibration.
  • a preferred solution is that the yoke and the magnetic core are misaligned.
  • a distance between the yoke and the magnetic core corresponding to the yoke in a horizontal direction is in a range of values of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • stator and the vibrator are arranged in a vertical direction, and the vibrating direction of the vibrator is parallel to a mounting plane of the stator.
  • the magnet and the yoke are integrally fixed in the groove by glue or laser welding.
  • the linear vibration motor further includes a housing; the vibration guiding shaft is fixedly connected to the weight, the limiting block is fixedly connected to the housing; or the vibration guiding shaft and The outer casing is fixedly connected, and the limiting block is fixedly connected to the weight.
  • the weight is a tungsten steel block, a nickel steel block or a nickel tungsten alloy block.
  • the linear vibration motor according to the present invention jumps out of the conventional motor design idea of placing the permanent magnets and the coils perpendicularly to each other, and places the permanent magnets of the vibrators horizontally so that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets is perpendicular to the axial direction of the coils, and
  • the vibrating direction of the vibrator is parallel to the plane of the stator, so that the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity, so that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is concentrated by the force of the same-repulsive force, so that the stator can obtain the largest possible magnetic flux, and at the same time, the stator and Up and down parallel arrangement of vibrators It also effectively reduces the size of the motor, which is more conducive to the miniaturization of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an overall exploded structure of a linear vibration motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a combined structure of a linear vibration motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams showing a combined structure of a vibrating block and a stator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5a and 5b are schematic views respectively showing a combined structure of a vibrating block and a stator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • upper case 1 rear cover 2, weight 31, permanent magnets 32a, 32b, 32c, 32a', 32b', yokes 33a, 33b, 33a', coils 41a, 41b, 41', magnetically
  • weights used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may also be referred to as “mass masses”, both of which refer to high-quality, high-density metals that are fixed with vibration-producing permanent magnets to enhance vibration balance. Piece.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively show an overall exploded structure and combined structure of a linear vibration motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetization direction of the magnet is horizontal, and the axis direction of the coil is vertical. Straight direction. Since the two permanent magnets have repulsive forces between the opposite ends of the permanent magnets, the magnetic lines of the permanent magnets can be concentrated through the yoke between the two adjacent permanent magnets and The coil below the vibrating block to maximize the magnetic flux through the coil.
  • the current direction is in the vertical direction of the face, marked as The current direction is the vertical view facing outward, assuming the first coil is " with "The second coil must also be” with "The coil will be forced to the right F, because the coil is fixed, based on the relationship between the force and the reaction force, the permanent magnet is forced to the left F'.
  • the permanent magnet that is driven by the left is driven.
  • the weights are moved together to the left, so that the spring on the left side of the weight is squeezed and the spring on the right side of the weight is stretched.
  • the current direction changes, the magnetic field received by the coil according to the left hand rule.
  • the direction of the force F is to the left.
  • the permanent magnet receives the force of F' opposite to the F direction and the same magnitude, and the permanent magnet that is pushed to the right drives the weight together to the right.
  • the translational movement causes the springs at both ends of the weight to continue to be stretched/extruded from the extruded/stretched state.
  • the above movements alternate, making the vibration block and the weight of the permanent magnet and the yoke
  • the formed vibrator reciprocates in a direction parallel to the mounting plane of the stator.
  • the vibration block includes three permanent magnets, but in the specific application process, it is not limited to the above structure, and the number of permanent magnets constituting the vibration block may be appropriately selected according to the magnitude of the vibration force required for the application product. .
  • a permanent magnet or a combined structure of a vibrating block and a stator composed of two permanent magnets as shown in Figs. 5a and 5b, respectively.
  • the vibrating block includes two permanent magnets 32a', 32b' disposed adjacently, the abutting ends of the two permanent magnets having the same polarity, and the two permanent magnets 32a', 32b.
  • a magnetic yoke 33a' is disposed between the stator, and a stator composed of a coil 41' and a magnetic core 42' disposed in the coil 41' is disposed under the vibration block, and the magnetic yoke 33a' is dislocated from the magnetic core 42'. arrangement.
  • the vibrating block is embedded and fixed in the weight to drive the counterweight to vibrate horizontally.
  • a relief structure for escaping the stator is disposed in a middle portion of the weight, and a recess for accommodating the vibration block is disposed at a center of the weight on which the relief structure is disposed.
  • the permanent magnets and the yokes constituting the vibration block may be fixed together, and then the vibration block is integrally fixed in the groove by gluing or laser welding.
  • the linear vibration motor of the present invention further includes two vibration guiding shafts 51a and 51b disposed at both ends of the weight 31, limit springs 52a and 52b, and limit blocks 53a and 53b.
  • the limit spring is sleeved on the vibration guide shaft. 51a, 51b.
  • the limiting blocks 53a and 53b are respectively fixed.
  • two vibration guide shafts 51a, 51b are respectively fixed to both ends of the weight 31, and guide holes 56a for reciprocating the vibration guide shaft are further provided on the stoppers 53a, 53b.
  • the vibrating block drives the weight 31 and the vibration guide shafts 51a and 51b fixed to both ends of the weight 31 to vibrate within a limited range of the guide hole 56a by the magnetic field generated after the stator is energized.
  • the upper limit springs 52a, 52b respectively disposed on the vibration guide shafts 51a, 51b are respectively defined between the weight 31 and the corresponding limit blocks 53a, 53b to provide an elastic restoring force for the vibration of the vibrator.
  • the limiting blocks may be respectively fixed at the two ends of the weighting block, or the weighting block and the limiting block may be designed as an integral structure, and the vibration guiding shaft is reciprocated on the limiting block.
  • the moving guide hole is fixed to the upper casing, and the sleeve is sleeved on one end of the guide shaft and the guide hole (here, the end close to the weight).
  • the vibrating block drives the counterweight and the limiting block fixed at both ends of the counterweight to vibrate along the vibration guiding shaft within a limited range of the guiding hole.
  • each yoke is a distance of 0.1 to 0.3 mm from the center line of the corresponding (ie, nearest) stator core, and then the corresponding vibration guide shaft penetrates the depth of the guide hole,
  • the depth of the end of the vibrating guide shaft deep into the guide hole from the bottom end of the guide hole and the width of the edge of the avoidance structure from the outer edge of the stator should be slightly larger than 0.2 mm.
  • the weight 31 can be made of a high-density metal material such as a tungsten steel block or a nickel steel block or a nickel-tungsten alloy to increase the vibration force and make the vibration of the electronic product stronger.
  • a magnetic balance guiding mechanism may be further provided in the present invention, including a pair of balance magnets 61a, 61b respectively disposed on the vertical side walls of the weights 31.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性振动马达，包括振子和定子，其中振子包括至少两块相邻接设置的永磁铁（32a、32b、32c、32a'、32b'）和设置在相邻接的永磁铁（32a、32b、32c、32a'、32b'）之间的导磁轭（33a、33b、33a'），并且，相邻接设置的两块永磁铁（32a、32b、32c、32a'、32b'）的邻接端极性相同；定子包括线圈（41a、41b、41'）和设置在线圈（41a、41b、41'）中的导磁芯（42a、42b、42'）；并且永磁铁（32a、32b、32c、32a'、32b'）的充磁方向与线圈（41a、41b、41'）的轴线方向垂直。该线性振动马达借助两个永磁铁极性相同的两端之间的排斥力量，使永磁铁的磁力线能够集中穿过线圈，从而获得更大的磁通量和更强的振感效果。

Description

线性振动马达 技术领域
本发明涉及消费电子技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种应用于便携式消费电子产品的线性振动马达。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，便携式电子产品，如手机、掌上游戏机或者掌上多媒体娱乐设备等进入人们的生活。在这些便携式电子产品中，一般会用微型振动马达来做系统反馈，例如手机的来电提示、游戏机的振动反馈等。然而，随着电子产品的轻薄化发展趋势，其内部的各种元器件也需适应这种趋势，微型振动马达也不例外。
现有的微型振动马达，一般包括上盖、与上盖形成振动空间的下盖、在振动空间内做直线往复振动的振子(包括配重块和永磁铁)、连接上盖并使振子做往复振动的弹性支撑件、以及位于振子下方一段距离的线圈。
在上述这种结构的微型振动马达中，永磁铁和线圈都是互相垂直放置的，即永磁铁的充磁方向与线圈的轴线方向平行，以便永磁铁的磁力线能够垂直穿过线圈，尽可能充分地利用永磁铁的磁场。然而，上述这种结构的微型振动马达，振子中的永磁铁本身所产生的磁力线比较分散，所产生的磁场仍旧得不到充分地利用，相对的穿过线圈的磁通量也会比较小，产生的作用力会比较小，影响振感效果；在运动到两端时，竖起的充磁方向穿过音圈的磁通量也很少，从而使得电子产品的振感直线振动响应速度较慢、振感小。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种线性振动充磁马达，借助两个永磁铁极性相同的两端之间的排斥力量，使永磁铁的磁力线能够集中穿过线圈，从而获得更大的磁通量和更强的振感效果。
本发明提供的线性振动马达，包括振子和定子，其中，振子包括至少两块相邻接设置的永磁铁和设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间的导磁轭，并且，相邻接设置的两块永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；定子包括线圈和设置在所述线圈中的导磁芯；并且，永磁铁的充磁方向与线圈的轴线方向垂直。
其中，优选的方案是，导磁轭与导磁芯错位排列。
振子还包括配重块，在配重块的中部设置有避让所述定子的避让结构；在配重块上避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳永磁铁和导磁轭的凹槽。
其中，优选的方案是，所述导磁轭和与所述导磁轭对应的所述导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm-0.3mm的数值范围内。
其中，优选的方案是，所述定子与所述振子在竖直方向上排布，所述振子的振动方向平行于所述定子的安装平面。
其中，优选的方案是，所述振子包括三块永磁铁，在相邻接的两块永磁铁之间设置有一块导磁轭；所述定子包括与所述振子相对应设置的两个线圈和分别设置在所述两个线圈中的导磁芯；所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯交错排布，并且两个所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
其中，优选的方案是，所述磁铁和所述导磁轭一体固定后，以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述凹槽中。
其中，优选的方案是，在所述配重块的两端分别设置有振动导向轴、限位弹簧和限位块，所述限位弹簧套设在所述振动导向轴上并限位在所述配重块和所述限位块之间；并且，在所述限位块内设置有供所述振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔；在所述振动导向轴上深入所述导向孔的一端套设有轴套。
其中，优选的方案是，所述线性振动马达还包括外壳；所述振动导向轴与所述配重块固定连接，所述限位块与所述外壳固定连接；或者，所述振动导向轴与所述外壳固定连接，所述限位块与所述配重块固定连接。
其中，优选的方案是，所述配重块为钨钢块、镍钢块或镍钨合金块。
上述根据本发明的线性振动马达，跳出了现有的互相垂直放置永磁铁和线圈的马达设计思路，将振子的永磁铁水平放置，使永磁铁的充磁方向与线圈的轴线方向垂直，并且使振子的振动方向与定子所在平面平行，使得相邻的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同，从而借助同性相斥的力量集中永磁铁的磁力线，使定子能够获得尽可能大的磁通量，同时，定子和振子的上下平行排布方式 也有效缩小了马达的体积，更利于马达的小型化应用。
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本发明的一个或多个方面包括后面将详细说明并在权利要求中特别指出的特征。下面的说明以及附图详细说明了本发明的某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面指示的仅仅是可使用本发明的原理的各种方式中的一些方式。此外，本发明旨在包括所有这些方面以及它们的等同物。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图的说明及权利要求书的内容，并且随着对本发明的更全面理解，本发明的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1为根据本发明的实施例的线性振动马达的整体爆炸结构示意图；
图2为根据本发明的实施例的线性振动马达的组合结构示意图；
图3a和图3b分别为根据本发明实施例的振动块和定子组合结构示意图；
图4为根据本发明实施例的工作原理示意图；
图5a和图5b分别为根据本发明另一实施例的振动块和定子组合结构示意图。
图中：上壳1，后盖2，配重块31，永磁铁32a、32b、32c、32a’、32b’，导磁轭33a、33b、33a’，线圈41a、41b、41’，导磁芯42a、42b、42’，振动导向轴51a、51b，限位弹簧52a、52b，限位块53a、53b，轴套54a、54b，柔性线路板7，平衡磁铁61a、61b。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，出于说明的目的，为了提供对一个或多个实施例的全面理解，阐述了许多具体细节。然而，很明显，也可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实现这些实施例。在其它例子中，为了便于描述一个或多个实施例，公知的结构和设备以方框图的形式示出。
本发明在对具体实施方式进行表述时所用到的“配重块”也可以称作“质量块”，均指与产生振动的永磁铁固定以加强振动平衡的高质量、高密度金属 块。
以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细描述。
为了解决现有的微型振动马达结构中由于永磁铁和线圈互相垂直放置所导致的磁力线分散的问题，本发明提供的线性振动马达，将振子中的永磁铁邻接水平放置，而定子则与振子平行放置。即，在本发明的线性振动马达中，振子包括至少两块相邻接设置的永磁铁，并且，相邻接设置的两块永磁铁的邻接端极性相同，永磁铁的充磁方向与定子中的线圈的轴线方向垂直。
具体地，图1和图2分别示出了根据本发明的实施例的线性振动马达的整体爆炸结构和组合结构。
如图1和图2共同所示，本实施例的线性振动马达主要包括外壳、振子和定子，定子与振子在竖直方向上排布。其中，外壳包括上壳1和后盖2；振子包括配重块31和振动块，振动块由相邻接设置的三块永磁铁32a、32b、32c以及分别设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间的导磁轭33a、33b组成；定子包括与振子相对应设置的两个线圈41a、41b和分别设置在线圈中的导磁芯42a、42b。导磁轭与导磁芯交错排布，每个导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离振子中心的位置，该“对应”指能够互相影响并改变磁力线走向的导磁芯/导磁轭。在图示中，导磁轭与导磁芯的交错排布顺序为：导磁芯42a、导磁轭33a、导磁轭33b、导磁芯42b，其中，导磁芯42a与导磁轭33a对应，导磁轭33b与导磁芯42b对应。
其中，振动块和定子的组合结构如图3a和图3b所示。在相邻接设置的三块永磁铁中，每个永磁铁与相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端的极性都相同，即呈S-N、N-S、S-N顺序(如图3a所示)或者N-S、S-N、N-S顺序(如图3b所示)排列，导磁轭设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间，并且永磁铁的充磁方向与定子的线圈的轴线方向垂直。此处，线圈的轴线方向为线圈及其中的导磁芯的中心轴线所在的方向，在图3a和图3b所示的实施例中，磁铁的充磁方向为水平方向，线圈的轴线方向为竖直方向。由于两个永磁铁相邻接的极性相同的两端之间会产生相斥的力量，因此，永磁铁的磁力线能够集中通过相邻接的两个永磁铁之间的导磁轭以及设置在振动块下方的线圈，从而尽可能增大穿过线圈的磁通量。
下面将以图4为例简单说明本发明线性振动马达的工作原理。根据判定 通电导体在磁场中受力方向的左手定则，伸开左手，使拇指与其余四个手指垂直，并且都与手掌在同一平面内；让磁感线从掌心进入，并使四指指向电流的方向，这时拇指所指的方向就是通电导线在磁场中所受安培力的方向。假设线圈内的电流方向，图中标示为
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000001
电流方向为垂直图面向里，标示为
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000002
电流方向为垂直图面向外，假设第一个线圈是“
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000003
和
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000004
”，第二个线圈必须也是“
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000005
和
Figure PCTCN2015097466-appb-000006
”，这样线圈才会均受力向右F，由于线圈固定不动，基于作用力与反作用力的关系，则永磁铁受力向左F’。如此，受到向左推动力的永磁铁就带动配重块一起做向左的平移运动，从而挤压配重块左侧的弹簧，拉伸配重块右侧的弹簧。同理，当电流方向改变时，按照左手定则，线圈受到的磁场力F的方向为向左。但是由于线圈固定不动，则永磁铁受到与F方向相反且大小相同的F’的作用力，受到向右推动力的永磁铁就带动配重块一起做向右的平移运动，同时使配重块两端的弹簧从挤压/拉伸状态恢复原状后继续被拉伸/挤压。上述运动交替进行，使永磁铁和导磁轭组成的振动块与配重块形成的振子在平行于定子的安装平面的方向做往复运动。
在上述实施例中，振动块包括三块永磁铁，但在具体的应用过程中也并不局限于上述结构，也可以根据应用产品所需振动力的大小适当选择组成振动块的永磁铁的数量。如更多的永磁铁或者图5a和图5b分别示出的由两块永磁铁组成的振动块和定子的组合结构。
如图5a和图5b所示，振动块包括相邻接设置的两块永磁铁32a’、32b’，该两块永磁铁的邻接端极性相同，并且在该两块永磁铁32a’、32b’之间设置有导磁轭33a’，由线圈41’和设置在线圈41’中的导磁芯42’组成的定子设置在振动块的下方，导磁轭33a’与导磁芯42’错位排列。
在图1和图2所示的实施例中，振动块嵌设固定在配重块中，以带动配重块水平振动。具体地，在配重块的中部设置有避让定子的避让结构，在配重块上设置有避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳振动块的凹槽。在具体的装配过程中，可以先将组成振动块的永磁铁和导磁轭固定在一起，然后以涂胶或者激光电焊等方式将振动块整体固定在凹槽中。
另外，本发明的线性振动马达还包括设置在配重块31两端的两根振动导向轴51a、51b、限位弹簧52a、52b和限位块53a、53b，限位弹簧套设在振动导向轴51a、51b上。在图1、图2所示的实施例中，限位块53a、53b分别固 定在上壳1上，两根振动导向轴51a、51b分别固定在配重块31的两端，在限位块53a、53b上还设置有供振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔56a。这样，振动块在定子通电后产生的磁场的作用下，带动配重块31以及固定在配重块31两端的振动导向轴51a、51b在导向孔56a的限定范围内振动。
其中，分别套设在振动导向轴51a、51b上限位弹簧52a、52b分别被限定在配重块31和对应的限位块53a、53b之间，为振子的振动提供弹性恢复力。
另外，为了尽量减小振动导向轴与导向孔之间的摩擦力，提高产品质量，还可以在振动导向轴深入导向孔的一端上套设轴套54a、54b，轴套与导向孔的接触面光滑耐磨。轴套的增加减小了振动导向轴与导向孔的接触面积，并且可以采用密度高、表面光滑耐磨的材料制作轴套，能够在不增加成本的基础上尽可能减少振动导向轴与导向孔之间的摩擦力，提高润滑程度。
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，也可以将限位块分别固定在配重块的两端，或者将配重块和限位块设计为一体结构，在限位块上设置供振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔，而将两根振动导向轴分别固定在上壳上，将轴套套设在导向轴上与导向孔作用的一端(在此为靠近配重块的一端)。这样，振动块在定子通电后产生的磁场的作用下，带动配重块以及固定在配重块两端的限位块在导向孔的限定范围内沿振动导向轴振动。
显然，振子振动的幅度决定了振动导向轴深入导向孔的深度、振动导向轴深入导向孔的末端距离导向孔的底端的深度以及避让结构的边缘距离定子外边缘的宽度。在图1、图2以及图3a、图3b所示的实施例中，导磁轭和与导磁轭对应的导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm-0.3mm的数值范围内，也就是说，每个导磁轭的中心线距离相应的(也即最近的)定子的导磁芯的中心线的水平距离为0.1～0.3mm，那么，相应的振动导向轴深入导向孔的深度、振动导向轴深入导向孔的末端距离导向孔的底端的深度以及避让结构的边缘距离定子外边缘的宽度均应略大于0.2mm。
配重块31可以采用钨钢块或镍钢块或者镍钨合金等高密度金属材料制成，以加大振动力，使电子产品的振动更强烈。
另外，本发明提供的线性振动马达还包括柔性线路板(PFCB)7，定子固定在FPCB 7上，定子的线圈引线通过FPCB 7上的电路与外部电路联通，FPCB 7与上壳1固定，后盖2可以通过卡扣的方式与FPCB 7固定。
为了给马达提供稳定的磁平衡导向，本发明中还可以进一步设置有磁平衡导向机构，包括在配重块31的两端竖直侧壁上分别设置的一对平衡磁铁61a、61b。
如上参照附图以示例的方式描述根据本发明的线性振动马达。但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对于上述本发明所提出的线性振动马达，还可以在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种线性振动马达，包括振子和定子，其特征在于，
    所述振子包括至少两块相邻接设置的永磁铁和设置在相邻接的永磁铁之间的导磁轭，并且，相邻接设置的两块永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；
    所述定子包括线圈和设置在所述线圈中的导磁芯；并且，
    所述永磁铁的充磁方向与所述线圈的轴线方向垂直。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其中，
    所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯错位排列。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其中，所述导磁轭和与所述导磁轭对应的所述导磁芯之间水平方向的距离位于0.1mm-0.3mm的数值范围内。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其中，所述定子与所述振子在竖直方向上排布，所述振子的振动方向平行于所述定子的安装平面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其中，
    所述振子包括三块永磁铁，在相邻接的两块永磁铁之间设置有一块导磁轭；
    所述定子包括与所述振子相对应设置的两个线圈和分别设置在所述两个线圈中的导磁芯；
    所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯交错排布，并且两个所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述振子还包括配重块，其中，
    在所述配重块的中部设置有避让所述定子的避让结构；
    在所述配重块上避让结构的中心位置设置有容纳所述永磁铁和所述导磁轭的凹槽。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述磁铁和所述导磁轭一体固定后，以涂胶或者激光电焊的方式固定在所述凹槽中。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    在所述配重块的两端分别设置有振动导向轴、限位弹簧和限位块，所述限位弹簧套设在所述振动导向轴上并限位在所述配重块和所述限位块之间；并且，
    在所述限位块内设置有供所述振动导向轴往复运动的导向孔；
    在所述振动导向轴上深入所述导向孔的一端套设有轴套。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    还包括外壳；
    所述振动导向轴与所述配重块固定连接，所述限位块与所述外壳固定连接；或者，
    所述振动导向轴与所述外壳固定连接，所述限位块与所述配重块固定连接。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述配重块为钨钢块、镍钢块或镍钨合金块。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其中，
    所述振子包括三块永磁铁，在相邻接的两块永磁铁之间设置有一块导磁轭；
    所述定子包括与所述振子相对应设置的两个线圈和分别设置在所述两个线圈中的导磁芯；
    所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯交错排布，并且两个所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
  12. 如权利要求4所述的线性振动马达，其中，
    所述振子包括三块永磁铁，在相邻接的两块永磁铁之间设置有一块导磁轭；
    所述定子包括与所述振子相对应设置的两个线圈和分别设置在所述两个线圈中的导磁芯；
    所述导磁轭与所述导磁芯交错排布，并且两个所述导磁芯均位于与其对应的导磁轭远离所述振子中心的位置。
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