WO2017047797A1 - 膵芽細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing pancreatic blasts and a therapeutic agent for pancreatic diseases comprising pancreatic blasts produced by the method.
- the present application further relates to a method for treating pancreatic disease using the pancreatic blast.
- pancreas functions as an exocrine gland that secretes digestive enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, trypsin, elastase, pancreatic amylase, and an endocrine gland that secretes pancreatic hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP).
- pancreatic hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP).
- ghrelin a gastric secretion hormone
- This pancreatic hormone is produced by a cell mass called a pancreatic islet composed of four types of cells, ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells and PP cells in the pancreas.
- insulin plays an important role in promoting glucose utilization, protein synthesis, neutral fat formation and storage, lowering blood glucose level, and maintaining blood sugar at the correct concentration.
- Glucagon plays an important role in the regulation mechanism of glucose metabolism along with insulin as a blood glucose-elevating hormone through liver glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
- Somatostatin exerts its action through binding to the somatostatin receptor and suppresses the secretion of various hormones such as glucagon and insulin in the pancreas.
- PP is a hormone secreted from cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to food intake, known as a satiety factor, and functions to suppress food intake and reduce weight gain.
- Ghrelin is known to increase body weight by stimulating food intake and reducing fat oxidation.
- Diabetes mellitus is a disease that develops when insulin is deficient or loses its function, and once it develops, it is difficult to cure. Diabetes can be broadly classified into two types: type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) and type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes).
- Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that develops by acquiring resistance to insulin, and is a diabetes whose lifestyle is considered to be an onset mechanism such as obesity and stress caused by overeating and lack of exercise. Type 2 diabetes often develops in middle and old age, and many diabetics suffer from type 2 diabetes.
- type 1 diabetes is a disease caused by destruction of ⁇ cells (insulin producing cells) due to autoimmune diseases, viral infections, etc., and insulin is not secreted into the body.
- Symptomatic treatment by insulin administration is mainly performed, but pancreas transplantation or islet transplantation is also performed as a treatment method that can automatically control blood glucose level constantly changing in the body and reduce the burden on the patient .
- pancreas transplantation or islet transplantation is also performed as a treatment method that can automatically control blood glucose level constantly changing in the body and reduce the burden on the patient .
- pancreas transplantation or islet transplantation is also performed as a treatment method that can automatically control blood glucose level constantly changing in the body and reduce the burden on the patient .
- the current situation is that there is a lack of transplantable pancreas or islets.
- the patient needs to continue to take the immunosuppressant throughout the life, and problems such as the risk of infection and side effects due to the immunosuppressant remain.
- Insulin-producing cells can be obtained, for example, by taking a patient's pancreatic duct epithelium-derived cells out of the body and differentiating them.
- Another method for obtaining insulin-producing cells is to induce differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using activin or retinoic acid (RA).
- the method to do is illustrated (patent document 1, nonpatent literature 1 to 5).
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 a method of introducing PDX1 into pluripotent stem cells and culturing (Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3), and a method of producing insulin-producing cells by acting on pluripotent stem cells by appropriately combining low molecular compounds (Patent Document) 4 and Non-Patent Document 6) are known.
- Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 6 a method of producing insulin-producing cells by acting on pluripotent stem cells by appropriately combining low molecular compounds
- insulin-producing cells obtained in vitro in this way were administered in vivo to acquire glucose responsiveness.
- pancreatic progenitor cells are produced and administered in vivo, it has been reported that insulin
- JP 2009-225661 A US Pat. No. 7,534,608 JP 2006-075022 A WO2011 / 082122
- the present application aims to provide a method for inducing differentiation of pancreatic blasts from PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for inducing differentiation of pancreatic blasts, including a step of further differentiating PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Another object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent for pancreatic disease and a method for treating pancreatic disease.
- the present inventors have cultivated PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor, thereby producing pancreatic buds.
- a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor thereby producing pancreatic buds.
- cells can be induced to differentiate efficiently.
- an Akt inhibitor has a function of specifically proliferating PDX1-positive cells.
- the present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
- the present invention has the following features: [1] A method for producing pancreatic blasts, comprising culturing PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor. [2] The method according to [1], wherein the culture is performed under adhesion culture conditions. [3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the Akt inhibitor is AT7867. [4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cell is a cell produced from a pluripotent stem cell by a method comprising the following two steps.
- step (1) a step of culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin, and (2) a step of culturing the cells obtained in step (1) in a medium containing KGF.
- step (1) is a step of culturing in a medium containing activin without containing a GSK3 inhibitor after culturing in a medium containing activin and a GSK3 inhibitor.
- step (2) further comprises a step of culturing in a medium containing KGF, a BMP inhibitor, a retinoic acid derivative and a hedgehog pathway inhibitor.
- step (2) After the step (2) is cultured in a medium containing KGF, a BMP inhibitor, a retinoic acid derivative and a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, the cells are dissociated, and the KGF, BMP inhibitor, retinoic acid derivative and hedgehog
- the method according to [6] comprising a step of adhesion culture in a medium containing a pathway inhibitor.
- the BMP inhibitor is LDN193189.
- the GSK3 inhibitor is CHIR99021.
- the retinoic acid derivative is TTNPB.
- a method for producing pancreatic blasts from pluripotent stem cells comprising the following steps (i) to (iii): (I) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin, (Ii) culturing the cells obtained in step (i) in a medium containing KGF; (Iii) A step of culturing the cells obtained in step (ii) in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor. [15] The method according to [14], wherein the culture is performed under adhesion culture conditions.
- step (i) is a step of culturing in a medium containing activin not containing a GSK3 inhibitor after culturing in a medium containing activin and a GSK3 inhibitor.
- Method. [17] The method according to any one of [14] or [16], wherein the step (ii) further comprises a step of culturing in a medium containing KGF, a BMP inhibitor, a retinoic acid derivative and a hedgehog pathway inhibitor. The method described.
- step (ii) is cultured in a medium containing KGF, a BMP inhibitor, a retinoic acid derivative and a hedgehog pathway inhibitor
- the cells are dissociated, and the KGF, BMP inhibitor, retinoic acid derivative and hedgehog
- the method according to [17] comprising a step of adhesion culture in a medium containing a pathway inhibitor.
- the BMP inhibitor is LDN193189.
- the GSK3 inhibitor is CHIR99021.
- PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells can be efficiently induced into pancreatic blasts.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a protocol for producing pancreatic blasts from pluripotent stem cells.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of counting the number of cells obtained when each concentration of AT7867 was added in the third step (stage 3).
- FIG. 3 shows the contents of PDX1-positive cells (left figure), PDX1-positive Ki67-positive cells (middle figure), and PDX1-negative Ki67-positive cells (middle figure) in each day of the third step (stage 3).
- FIG. 4A shows an immunostained image (upper figure) and a nuclear stained image (lower figure) of the NKX6.1 antibody after the third step (stage 3). White indicates the stained part.
- FIG. 4B shows the content of NKX6.1-positive cells when using AT7867 at each concentration.
- FIG. 5A shows the results of flow cytometry of a group of cells stained with PDX1 antibody and NKX6.1 antibody after the third step (stage 3).
- FIG. 5B shows the content of PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells and PDX1-positive NKX6.1-positive cells obtained from the results of the flow cytometry.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of measuring the expression levels of PDX1, PTF1A and NKX6.1 by performing daily quantitative PCR in the period from the start to the end of the third step (stage 3) (0-4 days).
- the solid line represents the transition of gene expression when AT7867 is added and the dotted line is the control group DMSO.
- a method for producing pancreatic blast cells comprising a step of culturing PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor.
- Pancreatoblasts are cells that can be induced to differentiate into cells that form the pancreas, such as endocrine cells, pancreatic duct cells, and exocrine cells, and examples include cells expressing at least PDX1 and NKX6.1. In addition, cells expressing a gene marker such as SOX9 or GATA4 may be used.
- the pancreatic blast cells produced according to the present embodiment may be provided as a cell population containing other cell types or may be a purified population.
- the cell population includes 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, or 80% or more pancreatic cells.
- the PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells may be adherently cultured in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor.
- the adhesion culture means culturing in a coated culture dish.
- the coating agent include Matrigel (BD Biosciences), Synthemax (Corning), gelatin, extracellular protein (eg, collagen, laminin (eg, laminin 111, 411 or 511), heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and entactin), or Examples thereof include fragments of the extracellular protein, and combinations thereof.
- pancreatic blasts from PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells it is preferable to perform adhesion culture for ease of handling, but suspension culture in which cell aggregates are formed may also be performed.
- Suspension culture means culturing cells in a non-adherent state on a culture dish.
- it is not artificially treated (for example, coating treatment with an extracellular matrix or the like) for the purpose of improving adhesion with cells, or artificially suppresses adhesion (for example, poly
- This can be carried out using hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid (poly-HEMA) or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer (Lipidure).
- the medium used for the culture process of pancreatic blasts from PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells should be prepared by appropriately adding KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor to the basal medium used for animal cell culture. Can do.
- basal media include MEM Zinc Option, IMEM Zinc Option, IMDM, Medium 199, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM), ⁇ MEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), Ham's F12, Examples include 1640 medium, Fischer's medium, and mixed media thereof.
- the basal medium may contain serum (eg, fetal bovine serum (FBS)) or may be serum free.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- albumin, transferrin, KnockOutKSerum Replacement (KSR) (serum substitute for ES cell culture) (Invitrogen), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), fatty acid, insulin, collagen precursor
- KSR KnockOutKSerum Replacement
- N2 supplement Invitrogen
- B27 supplement Invitrogen
- fatty acid insulin
- collagen precursor May contain one or more serum substitutes such as trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thiolglycerol, lipids, amino acids, L-glutamine, GlutaMAX (Invitrogen), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), vitamins It may also contain one or more substances such as, growth factors, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like.
- the basal medium is IMEM Zinc Option medium with B27 supplement.
- the Akt inhibitor may be any drug that suppresses the activity of Akt. , Ipatasertib (GDC-0068), AZD5363, SC79, Afuresertib (GSK2110183), AT13148, TIC10, Triciribine, CCT128930, PHT-427, Palomid 529, PF-04691502, Honokiol, Miltefosine, Deguelin, A-674563, sc-221226, Examples include anti-Akt antibodies, dominant negative mutants of Akt, and the like. These drugs are commercially available or can be appropriately produced based on known techniques.
- the concentration is 0.01 ⁇ M to 4 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ M.
- KGF is a protein called Keratinocyte® Growth Factor and is sometimes called FGF-7.
- FGF-7 Commercially available products such as R & DRsystems can be used as KGF.
- the concentration of KGF is 1 ng / ml to 1 ⁇ g / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml to 500 ng / ml, more preferably 10 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml.
- EGF is a protein called epidermal growth factor or Epidermal® Growth Factor.
- EGF commercially available products such as R & D systems can be used.
- the concentration of EGF is 1 ng / ml to 1 ⁇ g / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml to 500 ng / ml, more preferably 10 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml.
- BMP inhibitors include proteinaceous inhibitors such as Chordin, Noggin, Follistatin, Dorsomorphin (ie 6- [4- (2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy) phenyl] -3-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo (1,5-a) pyrimidine), its derivatives (P. B. Yu et al. (2007), Circulation, 116: II_60; PB Yu et al. (2008), Nat. Chem. Biol., 4:33 -41; J. Hao et al. (2008), PLoS ONE, 3 (8): e2904) and LDN-193189 (i.e.
- the concentration is 0.01 ⁇ M to 5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ M.
- the medium used for the culture process of PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells to pancreatic blasts further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ROCK inhibitors, non-muscle myosin II inhibitors and TGF ⁇ inhibitors. May be.
- the ROCK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress the function of Rho-kinase (ROCK).
- ROCK Rho-kinase
- Y-27632 eg, Ishizaki et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 976-983 (2000) Narumiya et al., Methods Enzymol. 325,273-284 (2000)
- Fasudil / HA1077 eg, Uenata et al., Nature 389: 990-994 (1997)
- SR3677 eg, Feng Y et al. , J Med Chem. 51: 6642-6645 (2008)
- GSK269962 eg, Stevenger RA et al., J Med Chem.
- ROCK inhibitors may be used.
- Preferred ROCK inhibitors used in this step include Y-27632, Fasudil / HA1077, SR3677, GSK269962 and H-1152.
- the concentration in the medium is 0.1 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 ⁇ M to 500 ⁇ M, and more preferably 10 ⁇ M to 200 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium when Fasudil / HA1077 is used as the ROCK inhibitor is 1 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 10 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is 0.1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium when GSK269962 is used as the ROCK inhibitor is 0.001 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.005 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is 5 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 10 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M.
- Non-muscle myosin II inhibitor is an inhibitor of ATPase activity of the heavy chain subunit of non-muscle myosin IIA or non-muscle myosin IIB, one of the heavy chain isoforms of non-muscle myosin II, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase Is exemplified.
- Examples of such drugs include blebbistatin A3, CalphostinphosC, Goe6976, Goe7874, Fasudil / HA1077, Hypericin, K-252a, KT5823, ML-7, ML-9, Picatannol, Staurosporine, W-5, Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, W-7, W-12, W-13, Wortmannin and the like.
- Preferred non-muscle myosin II inhibitors used in this step include blebbistatin and Fasudil / HA1077.
- the concentration in the medium is 1 ⁇ M to 200 ⁇ M, preferably 10 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M.
- a TGF ⁇ inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the signal transduction from binding of TGF ⁇ to the receptor to SMAD, and inhibits the binding of the receptor to the ALK family, or the phosphorylation of SMAD by the ALK family.
- Lefty-1 NCBI Accession No., mouse: NM_010094, human: NM_020997 is exemplified
- SB431542, SB202190 above, RKLindemann et al., Mol.
- ALK5 inhibitor II (2 -[3- [6-Methylpyridin-2-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] -1,5-naphthyridine), TGF ⁇ RI kinase inhibitor VIII (6- [2-tert-butyl-5- [6 -Methyl-pyridin-2-yl] -1H- Midazoru 4-yl] - quinoxaline) and their derivatives are exemplified.
- it may be ALK5 inhibitor II.
- the concentration in the medium when ALK5 inhibitor II is used as the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is 0.01 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 ⁇ M to 20 ⁇ M.
- culture temperature but are not limited to, about 30 ⁇ 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C., is cultured in an atmosphere of CO 2 containing air Performed, the CO 2 concentration is preferably about 2-5%.
- PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells are not particularly limited as long as they express PDX1, but do not express NKX6.1.
- Expressing PDX1 means that the PDX1 gene or gene product can be detected by a known method, and not expressing NKX6.1 means that the NKX6.1 gene or gene product cannot be detected. Meaning and examples of the detection method include immunostaining.
- a method for growing PDX1-positive cells comprising a step of culturing PDX1-positive cells in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor.
- PDX1-positive cells mean cells positive for PDX1, and the expression of other marker genes, particularly NKX6.1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably NKX6.1-negative cells.
- Proliferating PDX1-positive cells means that at least PDX1-positive cells increase by cell division. For example, the proliferation can also be confirmed by confirming that the number of cells stained with Ki67 antibody increases. .
- the conditions for the growth of PDX1-positive cells can be performed by using the same conditions as those in the above-described step of culturing pancreatic blasts from PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells.
- PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells may be isolated from the living body, and may be produced from other cell types such as pluripotent stem cells by a known method.
- the PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cell may be a cell produced from a pluripotent stem cell by a method comprising the following steps: (Step 1) A step of culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin, and (Step 2) a step of culturing the cells obtained in Step 1 in a medium containing KGF.
- a method for producing pancreatic blasts from pluripotent stem cells including the following steps: (Step 1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin, (Step 2) culturing the cells obtained in Step 1 in a medium containing KGF; (Step 3) A step of separating the cells (PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells) obtained in Step 2 into single cells and then culturing them in a medium containing KGF, EGF, BMP inhibitor and Akt inhibitor.
- the medium used in the step of culturing the pluripotent stem cells of these aspects in a medium containing activin can be prepared by appropriately adding activin to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- basal media include MEM Zinc Option, IMEM Zinc Option, IMDM, Medium 199, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM), ⁇ MEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), Ham's F12, Examples include 1640 medium, Fischer's medium, and mixed media thereof.
- the basal medium may contain serum (eg, fetal bovine serum (FBS)) or may be serum free.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- albumin, transferrin, KnockOutKSerum Replacement (KSR) (serum substitute for ES cell culture) (Invitrogen), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), fatty acid, insulin, collagen precursor
- KSR KnockOutKSerum Replacement
- N2 supplement Invitrogen
- B27 supplement Invitrogen
- fatty acid insulin
- collagen precursor May contain one or more serum substitutes such as trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thiolglycerol, lipids, amino acids, L-glutamine, GlutaMAX (Invitrogen), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), vitamins It may also contain one or more substances such as, growth factors, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like.
- the basal medium is RPMI 1640 medium with B27 supplement.
- the pluripotent stem cells may be cultured as a single cell by being substantially separated (or dissociated) by any method, or a cell aggregate in which cells adhere to each other You may culture in the state of this. More preferably, the cells are cultured in a single cell state.
- the separation method include mechanical separation and separation solution having protease activity and collagenase activity (for example, trypsin and collagenase-containing solution Accutase (TM) and Accumax (TM) (Innovative Cell Technologies, Inc) ) Or separation using a separation solution having only collagenase activity.
- Pluripotent stem cells can be adherently cultured using a coated culture dish.
- a ROCK inhibitor may be added to the basal medium for the purpose of suppressing apoptosis when pluripotent stem cells are separated into single cells.
- the same ROCK inhibitor as that described above can be used, and Y-27632 is preferable.
- the addition period is not particularly limited, but is exemplified by 1 day or more, or 2 days or more, and preferably 1 day.
- the adhesion culture in step 1 of this embodiment can be performed by the same method as described above.
- Activins may be any of activins A, B, C, D, and AB, but activin A is particularly preferably used.
- activin activin derived from any mammal such as human and mouse can be used.
- activin used in the present invention it is preferable to use activin derived from the same animal species as the pluripotent stem cell used for differentiation. For example, when human-derived pluripotent stem cell is used as a starting material, human-derived activin is used. It is preferable to use it.
- These activins are commercially available.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 to 200 ng / ml, preferably 5 to 150 ng / ml, particularly preferably 10 to 100 ng / ml.
- Step 1 may be a step of culturing in a medium containing activin without containing a GSK3 inhibitor after culturing in a medium containing activin and a GSK3 inhibitor.
- a GSK3 inhibitor is defined as a substance that inhibits the kinase activity of GSK-3 ⁇ protein (for example, phosphorylation ability for ⁇ -catenin), and many are already known.
- BIO indirubin derivative BIO (also known as GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor IX; 6-bromoindirubin 3′-oxime), a maleimide derivative SB216763 (3- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4- (1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) ) -1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), SB415286 (3-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) amino] -4- (2-nitrophenyl) -1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) , GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor VII (4-dibromoacetophenone), a phenyl ⁇ bromomethyl ketone compound, L803-mts (also known as GSK-3 ⁇ peptide inhibitor; Myr-N-GKE
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.01 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 ⁇ M to 5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration may be appropriately changed. For example, the concentration may be changed to 1 ⁇ M after 3 ⁇ M.
- a GSK inhibitor When culturing in a medium containing activin and a GSK3 inhibitor, it is desirable to add at the start of pluripotent stem cell culture.
- the addition period of a GSK inhibitor is not specifically limited, 1 day or more, 2 days or more, or 3 days or more are illustrated, Preferably it is 1 to 3 days. Then, it culture
- the number of days in Step 1 is, for example, 3 days or more, 4 days or more, 5 days or more, 6 days or more, or 7 days or more. There is no upper limit because there is no particular influence on the production efficiency of pancreatic blasts by culturing for a long period of time, but from the viewpoint of efficiency, it is 10 days or less, preferably 8 days or less. More preferably, the number of days in Step 1 is 4 days.
- pluripotent cells are cultured for 1 day in a medium containing GSK3 inhibitor and ROCK inhibitor added to activin A, and then cultured for 2 days in a medium containing activin A and GSK3 inhibitor but not ROCK inhibitor. Then, an embodiment is further exemplified in which the cells are further cultured for 1 day in a medium containing activin A but not containing a GSK3 inhibitor and a ROCK inhibitor.
- the culture temperature is not limited to the following, but is about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the culture is performed in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air, and the CO 2 concentration is preferably about 2 ⁇ 5%.
- the medium used in the step of culturing the cells obtained in step 1 in a medium containing KGF can be prepared by appropriately adding KGF to a basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- basal media include MEM Zinc Option, IMEM Zinc Option, IMDM, Medium 199, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM), ⁇ MEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), Ham's F12, Examples include 1640 medium, Fischer's medium, and mixed media thereof.
- the basal medium may contain serum (eg, fetal bovine serum (FBS)) or may be serum free.
- albumin, transferrin, KnockOutKSerum Replacement (KSR) (serum substitute for ES cell culture) (Invitrogen), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), fatty acid, insulin, collagen precursor
- KSR KnockOutKSerum Replacement
- N2 supplement Invitrogen
- B27 supplement Invitrogen
- fatty acid insulin
- collagen precursor May contain one or more serum substitutes such as trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thiolglycerol, lipids, amino acids, L-glutamine, GlutaMAX (Invitrogen), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), vitamins It may also contain one or more substances such as, growth factors, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like.
- the basal medium is IMEM Zinc Option medium with B27 supplement.
- the KGF used in step 2 can be the same as described above, and the KGF concentration is preferably lower than that described above, for example, 1 ng / ml to 500 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng. / ml to 100 ng / ml.
- Step 2 may further include a step of culturing in a medium containing BMP inhibitor, retinoic acid derivative and hedgehog pathway inhibitor in addition to KGF.
- the BMP inhibitor used in Step 2 can be used under the same conditions as described above.
- the retinoic acid derivative used in Step 2 means an artificially modified retinoic acid that retains the function of natural retinoic acid, such as 4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5, 5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) carbonyl] amino] -Benzoic acid (AM580) (Tamura K, et al., Cell Differ. Dev. 32: 17-26 (1990)), 4-[(1E ) -2- (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) -1-propen-1-yl] -Benzoic acid (TTNPB) (Strickland S, et al Cancer Res.
- TTNPB 4-[(1E ) -2- (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) -1-propen-1-yl] -Benzoic acid
- a preferred retinoic acid derivative used in this step is TTNPB.
- the concentration of the retinoic acid derivative used in this step can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the retinoic acid derivative used.
- TTNPB is used as the retinoic acid derivative
- 1 nM to 100 nM preferably 5 nM to 50 nM. More preferably, it is 5 nM to 10 nM.
- the hedgehog pathway inhibitor used in Step 2 inhibits the signal generated when any of Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, and Desert hedgehog binds to the membrane receptor Patched, for example, Smoothened activity.
- hedgehog binds to the receptor and inhibits the signal generated by the receptor, for example, cyclopamine, jervin, 3-keto-N- (aminoethyl-aminocaproyl- dihydro-cinnamoyl) (KAAD ) -Cyclopamine, CUR-61414, SANT-1, SANT-2, SANT-3, SANT-4, IPI-926, IPI-269609, GDC-0449 and NVP-LDE-225.
- it is KAAD-cyclopamine.
- the concentration of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor used in Step 2 can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the hedgehog pathway inhibitor used.
- concentration of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor used in Step 2 0.1 nM To 1 ⁇ M, preferably 1 nM to 500 nM.
- Step 2 when adherent culture is performed in a medium containing KGF, a BMP inhibitor, a retinoic acid derivative, and a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, it can be isolated by being separated (or dissociated) substantially by any method during the culture.
- the cells may be brought into a cell state and the culture may be continued again under the same conditions.
- a ROCK inhibitor may be added to the basal medium for the purpose of suppressing apoptosis when separated into a single cell state.
- the same ROCK inhibitor as that described above can be used, and Y-27632 is preferable.
- the addition period is not particularly limited, but is exemplified by 1 day or more, or 2 days or more, and preferably 1 day.
- the number of days in step 2 is, for example, 4 days or more, 5 days or more, 6 days or more, 7 days or more, or 8 days or more. There is no upper limit because there is no particular influence on the production efficiency of pancreatic blasts by culturing for a long time, but from the viewpoint of efficiency, it is preferably 10 days or less, or 9 days or less. A more preferable number of days is seven days.
- the number of days of culture in the medium containing KGF is, for example, 3 days or more, or 4 days. More preferably, it is 4 days.
- the cell culture medium obtained in the adhesion culture in step 1 is first replaced with a medium containing KGF in step 2 and cultured for 4 days, and then, in addition to KGF, a BMP inhibitor, retinoic acid derivative and hedge The medium is replaced with a medium containing a hog inhibitor and cultured for 2 days. Thereafter, the cells are separated from the wall surface of the culture vessel to form a single cell, and further cultured for one day in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.
- the culture temperature is not limited to the following, but is about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C., the culture is performed in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air, and the CO 2 concentration is preferably about 2 ⁇ 5%.
- Cells obtained at the end of step 2 are PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells.
- the cells obtained at the end of step 2 may be provided as a cell population containing cell types other than PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells, or may be a purified population. Preferably, it is a cell population containing 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, or 70% or more of PDX1-positive NKX6.1-negative cells.
- a pluripotent stem cell is a stem cell that has pluripotency that can be differentiated into all cells existing in a living body and also has proliferative ability.
- Embryonic stem (ES) cells JA Thomson et.al. (1998), Science 282: 1145-1147; JA Thomson et al. (1995), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 7844-7848; JA Thomson et al. (1996), Biol. Reprod., 55: 254-259; JA Thomson and VS Marshall (1998), Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 38: 133-165), clone obtained by nuclear transfer Embryonic embryonic stem (ntES) cells (T.
- ntES nuclear transfer Embryonic embryonic stem
- the pluripotent stem cell is a human pluripotent stem cell.
- IPS cells are particularly preferably used as a material for transplanted pancreatic cells.
- iPS cells obtained from somatic cells that are the same as or substantially the same as the HLA genotype of the transplant recipient individual from the viewpoint that rejection does not occur .
- substantially the same means that the HLA genotype matches the transplanted cells to such an extent that an immune response can be suppressed by an immunosuppressive agent.
- HLA-A, HLA-B And somatic cells having an HLA type in which 3 loci of HLA-DR or 4 loci plus HLA-C are matched.
- pancreatic blasts obtained using the above steps can be used as a medicine (especially a medicine for cell medicine).
- the cells Prior to administration, the cells may be treated with an agent that irradiates radiation or inhibits cell growth such as mitomycin C.
- pancreatic blasts are suspended in physiological saline or the like, and the cell suspension is used as a medicine, which is directly administered to the patient's pancreas, mesentery, spleen, liver and kidney (especially kidney capsule) or polyvinyl alcohol.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the cells may be administered with a scaffold such as polyethylene glycol, gelatin, or collagen.
- the number of cells to be administered may be appropriately increased or decreased according to the size of the body. For example, 1 ⁇ 10 8 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 cells / individual, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 8 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 cells. / Individual, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 9 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 cells / individual.
- the medicament containing the pancreatic blast may be used for the treatment of pancreatic diseases, and examples of the pancreatic diseases include acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, pancreatic cancer, and Langerhans islet tumor.
- the pancreatic blast cells of the present invention are effective against diabetes because they are induced in the body into insulin-producing cells that secrete insulin corresponding to the glucose concentration. In particular, it is effective for type 1 diabetes, in which insulin-producing cells die.
- cells are human and non-human animals (eg, mice, rats, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, monkeys, dogs, cats, birds, etc.), with particular limitations although not, human-derived cells are particularly preferred.
- the peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived iPS cell line (585A1) (Okita K, et al, Stem Cells. 2013 31: 458-466) is available from the Institute for iPS Cell Research, Kyoto University. Using the 585A1 strain obtained from Kyoto University, differentiation was induced into pancreatic blast cells by the following steps.
- the cell culture medium obtained in the step 2-1 is 50 ng / ml KGF, 0.2 ⁇ M LDN193189 (Axon Medchem), 10 nM TTNPB (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), 0.5 ⁇ M 3-Keto-N-aminoethyl-N′-aminocaproyldihydrocinnamoyl Cyclopamine (KAAD-cyclopamine or K-CYC) (Toronto Research Chemicals) and Implanted MEM Zinc Option medium containing 1% B-27 were replaced and cultured for 2 days.
- the cell culture medium obtained in step 2-3 is 100 ng / ml KGF, 0.2 ⁇ M LDN193189, 50 ng / ml EGF (R & D systems), each concentration (0.01 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M) AT7867 (Selleck Chemicals) (as a negative control) DMSO) and Improved MEM Zinc Option medium (15 ⁇ 10 4 / ml) containing 1% B-27 was added, followed by further cultivation for 4 days.
- NKX6.1 antibody DSHB
- FIG. 4A When the cells obtained in Stage 3 were immunostained with NKX6.1 antibody (DSHB) (Fig. 4A), it was confirmed that the content of at least NKX6.1-positive cells increased depending on the addition concentration of AT7867. (FIG. 4B).
- double staining with PDX1 antibody and NKX6.1 antibody confirmed that PDX1-positive NKX6.1-positive cells increased with the addition of AT7867 (FIGS. 5A and B).
- RNA extraction from cells was performed using RNeasy kit (Qiagen), and reverse transcription reaction was performed using ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix (Toyobo) and oligo (dT) 20 primer.
- Quantitative PCR was performed using SYBR Premix Ex Taq II (Takara) and StepOnePlus TM Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). Gene expression was standardized by GAPDH expression, and the relative ratio of gene expression levels was calculated based on the relative standard curve (FIG. 6). It was confirmed that the expression levels of PDX1 and transcription factors PTF1A and NKX6.1, which are indicators of differentiation into pancreatic blasts, increased with the addition of AT7867 over time.
- AT7867 can induce differentiation into NKX6.1 + cells by specifically increasing PDX1-positive cells.
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Abstract
Description
他の態様において、膵臓疾患治療剤、並びに膵臓疾患治療方法を提供することを目的とする。
[1] PDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、膵芽細胞の製造方法。
[2] 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、[1]に記載の方法。
[3] 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[4] 前記PDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞が、次の2つの工程を含む方法で多能性幹細胞より製造された細胞である、[1]から[3]のいずれか1項に記載の方法:
(1)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、および
(2)工程(1)で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程。
[5] 前記工程(1)が、アクチビンおよびGSK3阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、GSK3阻害剤を含まずアクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程である、[4]に記載の方法。
[6] 前記工程(2)が、さらに、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、[4]または[5]に記載の方法。
[7] 前記工程(2)が、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、細胞を解離し、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で接着培養する工程を含む、[6]に記載の方法。
[8] 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、[1]から[7]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[9] 前記GSK3阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、[5]から[8]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[10] 前記レチノイン酸誘導体が、TTNPBである、[6]から[9]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[11] 前記ヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤が、KAAD‐シクロパミンである、[6]から[10]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[12] 前記膵芽細胞がPDX1陽性およびNKX6.1陽性である[1]から[11]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[13] 前記膵芽細胞が、ヒト細胞である、[1]から[12]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[14] 以下の工程(i)から(iii)を含む、多能性幹細胞から膵芽細胞を製造する方法:
(i)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、
(ii)工程(i)で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程、
(iii)工程(ii)で得られた細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程。
[15] 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、[14]に記載の方法。
[16] 前記工程(i)が、アクチビンおよびGSK3阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、GSK3阻害剤を含まずアクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程である、[14]または[15]に記載の方法。
[17] 前記工程(ii)が、さらに、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、[14]または[16]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[18] 前記工程(ii)が、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、細胞を解離し、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で接着培養する工程を含む、[17]に記載の方法。
[19] 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、[14]から[18]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[20] 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、[14]から[19]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[21] 前記GSK3阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、[16]から[20]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[22] 前記レチノイン酸誘導体が、TTNPBである、[17]から[21]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[23] 前記ヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤が、KAAD‐シクロパミンである、[17]から[22]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[24] 前記膵芽細胞が、PDX1陽性およびNKX6.1陽性である[14]から[23]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[25] 前記膵芽細胞が、ヒト細胞である、[14]から[24]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[26] PDX1陽性細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、PDX1陽性細胞の増殖方法。
[27] 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、[26]に記載の方法。
[28] 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、[26]または[27]に記載の方法。
[29] 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、[26]から[28]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(工程1)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、および
(工程2)工程1で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程。
従って、上述のPDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞から膵芽細胞誘導する方法を工程3として適用することで、次の工程を含む、多能性幹細胞から膵芽細胞を製造する方法も提供する:
(工程1)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、
(工程2)工程1で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程、
(工程3)工程2で得られた細胞(PDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞)を単一細胞へ分離後、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程。
末梢血単核球由来のiPS細胞株(585A1)(Okita K, et al, Stem Cells. 2013 31:458-466)は、京都大学iPS細胞研究所より入手可能である。京都大学より入手した585A1株を用いて、次の工程により、膵芽細胞へと分化誘導した。
(Stage 1)
iPS細胞株(585A1)をMatrigelをコートした24 well plateに2.0×105/wellで播種し、2%のB27(Life Technologies)を含むRPMI1640培地(ナカライテスク)に100 ng/ml アクチビンA(R&D systems)、3 μM CHIR99021(Axon Medchem)および10 μM Y-27632(WaKo)を添加して1日間培養した。培地を100 ng/mlアクチビンA、1 μM CHIR99021および2%のB27(Life Technologies)を含むRPMI1640培地に交換し、2日間培養した。さらに、培地を100ng/ml アクチビンAおよび2%のB27(Life Technologies)を含むRPMI1640培地に交換し、1日間培養した。
第1工程で得られた細胞の培地を50 ng/ml KGF(R&D systems)および1%のB-27(Life Technologies)を含むImproved MEM Zinc Option培地(Invitrogen社)に交換して4日間培養した。
第2-1工程で得られた細胞の培地を50 ng/ml KGF、0.2μM LDN193189(Axon Medchem)、10nM TTNPB(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)、0.5 μM 3-Keto-N-aminoethyl-N'-aminocaproyldihydrocinnamoyl Cyclopamine(KAAD‐シクロパミンまたはK-CYC)(Toronto Research Chemicals)および1%のB-27を含むImproved MEM Zinc Option培地に交換して2日間培養した。
続いて、得られた細胞をTrypsinを用いて単一細胞へと分離し、Matrigelをコートした24 well plateに1.2×105/ cm2にて播種した。50 ng/ml KGF、0.2μM LDN193189、10nM TTNPB、0.5 μM KAAD‐シクロパミン、10 μM Y-27632および1%のB-27を含むImproved MEM Zinc Option培地を加え、1日間培養した。
第2-3工程で得られた細胞の培地を100 ng/ml KGF、0.2μM LDN193189、50ng/ml EGF(R&D systems)、各濃度(0.01μM~50μM)のAT7867(Selleck Chemicals)(陰性対照としてDMSO)および1%のB-27を含むImproved MEM Zinc Option培地(15×104/ml)を添加してさらに4日間培養した。
Stage 3で得られた細胞を計数したところ、陰性対照であるDMSOと比較してAT7867の添加濃度依存的に得られる細胞数が増加することが確認された(図2)。さらに、Stage 3で1 μMのAT7867を添加して1から4日後に得られた細胞をPDX1抗体(R&D Systems)およびKi67抗体(Novocastra)にて免疫染色したところ、増殖する細胞は少なくともPDX1が陽性である細胞であることが確認された(図3)。
Claims (29)
- PDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、膵芽細胞の製造方法。
- 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記PDX1陽性NKX6.1陰性細胞が、次の2つの工程を含む方法で多能性幹細胞より製造された細胞である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法:
(1)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、および
(2)工程(1)で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程。 - 前記工程(1)が、アクチビンおよびGSK3阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、GSK3阻害剤を含まずアクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(2)が、さらに、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(2)が、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、細胞を解離し、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で接着培養する工程を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記GSK3阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、請求項5から8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記レチノイン酸誘導体が、TTNPBである、請求項6から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤が、KAAD‐シクロパミンである、請求項6から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膵芽細胞がPDX1陽性およびNKX6.1陽性である請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膵芽細胞が、ヒト細胞である、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程(i)から(iii)を含む、多能性幹細胞から膵芽細胞を製造する方法:
(i)多能性幹細胞を、アクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程、
(ii)工程(i)で得られた細胞を、KGFを含む培地で培養する工程、
(iii)工程(ii)で得られた細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程。 - 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(i)が、アクチビンおよびGSK3阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、GSK3阻害剤を含まずアクチビンを含む培地で培養する工程である、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(ii)が、さらに、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、請求項14から16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(ii)が、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で培養した後、細胞を解離し、KGF、BMP阻害剤、レチノイン酸誘導体およびヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤を含む培地で接着培養する工程を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、請求項14から18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、請求項14から19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記GSK3阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、請求項16から20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記レチノイン酸誘導体が、TTNPBである、請求項17から21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッジホッグ経路阻害剤が、KAAD‐シクロパミンである、請求項17から22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膵芽細胞が、PDX1陽性およびNKX6.1陽性である請求項14から23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膵芽細胞が、ヒト細胞である、請求項14から24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- PDX1陽性細胞を、KGF、EGF、BMP阻害剤およびAkt阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程を含む、PDX1陽性細胞の増殖方法。
- 前記培養が、接着培養条件下で行われる、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記Akt阻害剤が、AT7867である、請求項26または27に記載の方法。
- 前記BMP阻害剤が、LDN193189である、請求項26から28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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CN111868235A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-10-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 水凝胶胶囊 |
CN116396939A (zh) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-07 | 杭州济扶科技有限公司 | 一种适应泛癌种类器官高效扩增的组合式培养基及应用 |
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EP3770253A4 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2021-12-29 | Kyoto University | Hydrogel capsule |
CN116396939A (zh) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-07 | 杭州济扶科技有限公司 | 一种适应泛癌种类器官高效扩增的组合式培养基及应用 |
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