WO2017020784A1 - 一种脆弱拟杆菌及其应用 - Google Patents

一种脆弱拟杆菌及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2017020784A1
WO2017020784A1 PCT/CN2016/092381 CN2016092381W WO2017020784A1 WO 2017020784 A1 WO2017020784 A1 WO 2017020784A1 CN 2016092381 W CN2016092381 W CN 2016092381W WO 2017020784 A1 WO2017020784 A1 WO 2017020784A1
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bacteroides fragilis
strain
bacteroides
antibiotic
diarrhea
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French (fr)
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智发朝
白杨
刘洋洋
王晔
王从峰
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广州知易生物科技有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74Bacteria
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205Bacterial isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of microorganisms, pharmaceuticals, health care products, foods and daily chemical products, and in particular to a novel Bacteroides fragilis strain and its use in the prevention and/or treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Background technique
  • Antibiotic-associated diarrhea refers to diarrhea secondary to the application of antibiotics, which is a common adverse drug reaction, and its incidence varies from 5% to 39% depending on the antibiotic.
  • antibiotic-associated diarrhea includes simple diarrhea, colitis, or pseudomembranous colitis.
  • Pseudomembranous colitis refers to a serious type of disease. There is a special type of pseudomembrane formation in the colonic mucosa. If it is not treated in time, it can cause complications and the mortality rate is as high as 15% ⁇ 24%.
  • antibiotics destroy the natural ecological balance of intestinal flora, that is, the physiological bacteria are significantly reduced, while the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria is increased, which is related to the pathogenesis of PMC. It is mainly Clostridium difficile (CD). Other bacteria include Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytosus and Salmonella. Almost all drugs that can fight bacteria can cause AAD, which is more common with lincomycin, azithromycin, and ampicillin. At present, for patients with moderate to severe AAD, antibiotics sensitive to C. difficile are required, and metronidazole or vancomycin is often used clinically.
  • AAD is usually the result of dysregulation of normal intestinal flora, and the application of microecological preparations in AAD is receiving increasing attention.
  • probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium, The efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, etc. is not yet satisfactory.
  • the selection of new strains is the key to probiotics for the treatment of AAD.
  • Probiotic preparation refers to a biological preparation containing probiotics and their metabolic products developed according to the microecological theory.
  • Lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, cheese latex rods Bacteria, etc.
  • Bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium ovale and Bifidobacterium thermophilus
  • Gram-positive cocci such as Streptococcus faecalis, milk Cocci and so on.
  • probiotics are used as yoghurt fermentation bacteria beverages, health foods and pharmaceuticals in Europe, North America, Japan, and China.
  • these preparations mainly contain Bifidobacteria.
  • Lactobacillus after long-term, large-scale application, found that its clinical efficacy is getting weaker and weaker, so it is urgent to increase research and development efforts to further enrich the probiotic varieties.
  • Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the genus Bacteroides in Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, belonging to the genus Bacteroides, which is completely different from the Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria of the thick-walled bacteria. There are 25 strains of Bacteroides, 10 strains from humans only, 10 strains from animals, and 5 strains from humans and animals.
  • Bacteroides fragilis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium.
  • the morphology of the cells is polymorphic depending on the medium and the growth stage. Under normal conditions, the cells are rod-shaped, rounded at both ends, dark colored, and intermediate color. Shallow and uneven, with capsules, no spores, no power, some with vacuoles, and different lengths of bacteria.
  • Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin BFT
  • Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin BFT
  • Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin it can be divided into Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and Nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (NTBF).
  • Bacteroides fragilis is part of the normal flora of human and animal gut, mainly in the colon.
  • the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary mucosa can also colonize and grow.
  • Bacteroides fragilis acts as a conditional pathogen. When the host mucosa is damaged, it can invade the submucosa, cause infection, and can also flow through the blood, causing other organs of the body, such as the intestines, abdominal cavity, liver, lungs, brain tissue, A purulent infection of soft tissue, bone marrow, etc. with an abscess.
  • the application number is "201310095126.7", and the name is "Bacteroides fragilis with probiotic characteristics";
  • the Bacteroides fragilis disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application is a Bacteroides fragilis strain (preservative number CGMCC NO.7280) with probiotic characteristics isolated from infant feces in 2012, and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Diarrhea and so on.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel strain of Bacteroides fragilis and its use in the prevention and/or treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • the present invention provides a Bacteroides fragilis strain ZY-312 having a deposit number of CGMCC No. 10685.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above-described Bacteroides fragilis for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • Bacteroides fragilis application wherein the antibiotic-associated diarrhea is C. difficile infectious diarrhea.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains a pharmaceutically effective amount of Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312.
  • composition wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a capsule, a solution, a suspoemulsion, a bagged powder or a granule.
  • each single dose is 10 6 -10 u of the fragile Bacteroides ZY-312 strain cells.
  • the present invention also provides a food for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, wherein the food contains Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312.
  • the present invention also provides a health care product for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, wherein the health care product contains Bacteroides fragilis ⁇ -312.
  • the present invention also provides a food additive for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, wherein the food additive contains Bacteroides fragilis.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention belongs to the genus Bacteroides, which is completely different from the bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, etc. belonging to the thick-walled bacterium, and has been experimentally confirmed to be resistant to bile salts compared with the existing strains of Bacteroides fragilis.
  • the ability to stomach acid is stronger, the effect on antibiotic-associated diarrhea is significant, and the probiotic characteristics are significantly better than the existing strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Therefore, Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 can be used as the third generation of probiotics after lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, providing new ideas and prospects for disease prevention and treatment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the colony morphology of Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 after anaerobic culture
  • Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope observation of Z. fragrans ZY-312 of the present invention (30000X);
  • Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of gel electrophoresis results of PCR products of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a comparison diagram of gel electrophoresis results of PCR products of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a comparison chart showing the results of changes in absolute water content of antibiotic-associated diarrhea feces
  • Figure 8 is a comparison of the results of changes in absolute water content in stools treated with C. difficile infectious diarrhea.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention has been deposited with the China General Microorganisms Collection and Management Center (referred to as CGMCC, on April 2, 2015, Address: No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing) ), the deposit number is CGMCC No. l0685.
  • CGMCC China General Microorganisms Collection and Management Center
  • Embodiments of the present invention include: The novel strain Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention, having the accession number CGMCC No. 10685. Based on a broader and more in-depth study of Bacteroides fragilis, more stools from healthy infants were screened, and Bacteroides fragilis strains with better activity or physiological characteristics were screened to improve Bacteroides fragilis. The therapeutic effect of the disease.
  • the new strain of the present invention Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312, is isolated from the stool of healthy infants.
  • the strain can regulate the intestinal flora, alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea, and has a therapeutic effect on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the effect is superior to other probiotics.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention can be prepared into a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains a pharmaceutically effective amount of Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may also contain a suitable pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be in the form of a capsule, a solution or a drinkable suspoemulsion, a bagged powder, a granule or the like, and each single dose is generally about 10 6 -10 u of Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 cells.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention can also be prepared in the form of a food, a health supplement or a food additive.
  • the food, health supplement or food additive contains Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312. These foods, health supplements or food additives can be used to prevent and/or treat antibiotic-associated diarrhea and improve the health of the consumer.
  • the present invention is a new Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 selected from a large number of Bacteroides fragilis strains, which is confirmed to be free of the enterotoxin gene bft, is a non-toxic strain, after fermentation culture, staining microscopy and physiological and biochemical Characteristic analysis and animal experiments found: Compared with other existing Bacteroides strains, Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 has outstanding probiotic characteristics such as bile salt resistance and gastric acid resistance, which can effectively overcome the existing vulnerable Bacteroides in the digestive tract. Shortcomings such as inactivation, is a new generation of probiotics Preferred strains of the product.
  • Bacteroides fragilis or the pharmaceutical composition, food, health supplement and food additive containing the Bacteroides fragilis of the present invention for preventing and/or treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the present invention are administered to a subject.
  • both can be applied to the indications described above and exhibit the functions described above, all dosage forms within the scope of the invention have been tested, hereinafter, merely for illustration, only described in the examples It is a small part, but it should not be construed as limiting the invention.
  • Taq Enzyme Bo Bioengineering (Dalian) Co., Ltd., Item No.: DR100A
  • Vitamin K1 (Qingdao Rishui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Item No.: 21005)
  • Bacteroides fragilis Provided by Sun Yong, Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, isolated from patients with clinical diarrhea
  • Bacteroides fragilis standard strain ATCC25285 purchased from Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
  • Bacteroides fragilis strain Bd312 (with accession number CGMCC No.7280, provided by Guangzhou Zhiguang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)
  • Medium A configuration Weigh 61.5 grams of BBE medium, heat and dissolve in 1000 mL of distilled water, autoclave at 121 °C for 15 minutes, and cool to about 50 °C, add sterilized sulfamethoxazole lg, methoxy 4 g of benzylidine and 50 mL of sterile defibrated sheep blood, mix well, pour into a sterile plate, and set aside.
  • Medium B configuration Weigh 61.5 grams of BBE medium, heat and dissolve in 100 mL of distilled water, autoclave at 121 °C for 15 minutes, and cool to about 50 °C, add sterilized sulfamethoxazole lg, methoxy 4 g of benzylidine, mix, pour into a sterile plate, and set aside.
  • Brinell broth configuration Weigh 28.1g of Brucella broth culture medium, dissolve it in lOOOOmL distilled water with heating and stirring, disassemble the triangle flask, autoclave at 121 °C for 15 minutes, and set aside.
  • Fresh baby droppings of 0.5 g were taken and placed in a triangular flask containing 4.5 mL of Brucella broth and shaken for 1 minute. O. lmL was dripped on the medium, streaked, placed in an anaerobic tank, and cultured at 37 ° C for 48 hours. A typical colony was picked up in liquid medium for 24 h for Gram staining. The morphology was observed under a microscope, and the bacterial solution of Gram-negative bacteria was selected, streaked into a blood plate, and anaerobic cultured for 48 hours.
  • Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 was cultured on a blood plate for 48 hours, showing a round micro-convex, translucent, white, smooth surface, non-hemolysis, colony diameter of l-3mm, see Figure 1.
  • B. fragilis ZY-312 is subjected to Gram stain microscopy. It is a Gram-negative bacterium with a typical rod shape. The ends are blunt and densely stained. The uncolored part of the cells is shaped like a vacuole, see Figure 2.
  • Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 can ferment glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, escin, mannose, raffinose , in line with the characteristics of Bacteroides fragilis.
  • Example 2
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCTTAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3,
  • Reverse primer 5 ' -C ATCCGGGT ATGGAT ATGAA-3 '
  • Reverse primer 5'-CGCCCAGTATATGACCTAGTTCGTG-3
  • Reverse primer 5'-ATCCCTAAGATTTATTATCCCAAGTA-3'
  • PCR identification (PCR, polymerase chain reaction, is a commonly used method for rapid amplification of genes)
  • the above strain was inoculated on medium A, and cultured at 37 ° C for 48 hours under anaerobic conditions.
  • a single strain was inoculated into a liquid medium, and cultured at 37 ° C for 48 hours.
  • the DNA extraction kit extracts bacterial DNA (Tiangen Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Item No.: DP302-02), as a PCR template DNA.
  • Primer pair 1 amplified fragment size is about 531 bp; primer pair 2 amplified fragment size is 518 bp; primer pair 3 amplified fragment size is about 970 bp.
  • the PCR reaction conditions were: pre-denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s, annealing at 55 °C for 30 s, extension at 72 °C for 45 s, 30 cycles, and extension at 72 °C for 10 min.
  • the PCR product was electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel at 100 V for 15 min.
  • Fig. 4 The results of gel electrophoresis of PCR products are shown in Fig. 4.
  • lanes 1 and 2 are primer pair 1 and primer pair 2 amplification products respectively
  • lanes 4 and 5 are primer pair 1 and primer pair 2 amplification products respectively (repetitive PCR Results)
  • Lanes 3 and 6 are primer pair 3 amplification products
  • Lane 7 is DNA molecular weight standard (DL1000 DNA marker).
  • the size of the isolated strain DNA was 531 bp after PCR amplification with primer pair 1.
  • the product size was 518 bp after PCR amplification with primer pair 2, and the product size was 970 bp after PCR amplification with primer pair 3, which was in line with expectations.
  • the strain is Bacteroides fragilis.
  • PCR product was subjected to nucleotide sequence determination (Shenzhen Huada Gene Technology Co., Ltd.) for 2 samples. Sequencing Results BLAST alignments were performed on Genbank (DNA Sequence Database established by the National Center for Biotechnology Information) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/), see Table 4.
  • Table 4 shows the 16S rRNA sequence BLAST alignment results (partial)
  • the strains screened by the sequencing were inoculated into the medium C, and cultured at 37 ° C for 48 hours under anaerobic conditions. 2 mL of the culture solution was taken, and DNA was extracted using a bacterial DNA extraction kit as a PCR template DNA.
  • the bft gene is amplified using the bft gene primer and the amplified fragment size should be 294 bp.
  • the PCR reaction conditions were: pre-denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s, annealing at 55 °C for 30 s, and extension at 72 °C for 45 s for 30 cycles and extension at 72 °C for 10 min.
  • the PCR product was subjected to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, and the electrophoresis conditions were 100 V for 15 min.
  • lanes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are electrophoresis results of ZY-312 isolates; 5, 6, and 7 are electrophoresis results of Bacteroides fragilis strains; and lanes 8 are DL 1000 DNA markers.
  • Lanes 4 and 5 are amplification products of bft gene primer pair; lanes 1 and 7 are primer pair 2 amplification products; 2, 6 are primer pair 1 amplification products; and 3 lanes are primer pair 3 amplification products.
  • B. fragilis ZY-312 was a strain of Bacteroides fragilis and did not contain the enterotoxin bft gene, which was a new avirulent strain.
  • Virulence gene analysis was performed on the whole genome sequencing results to verify whether it contains the toxin-producing bft gene.
  • Bacterial preparation Collect the bacterial solution, centrifuge, discard the supernatant, resuspend the physiological saline, centrifuge again, discard the supernatant, and store the cells for later use.
  • the live bacteria count was performed by a 10-fold serial dilution method: ⁇ bacteria solution was added to the 900 ⁇ medium, and the gradient was gradually diluted to a suitable concentration. Four concentration gradients were applied to each plate point, and each gradient was repeated 3 times, and each time was spotted 20 ⁇ . 37 ° C, anaerobic culture for 48 h, number of colonies (counting the number of colonies with a concentration of 3-30).
  • Viable count sum of three spotted colonies /3 ⁇ 50 ⁇ dilution
  • Table 5 shows the results of gastric acid tolerance test of different strains (the data in the table is the log concentration of live bacteria, h is hour).
  • Probiotics must enter the gastrointestinal tract of the human body and reach a certain concentration to perform its function. From the mouth to the intestines Probiotics must first pass through the stomach in a viable state to enter the intestines. The time for food (especially fluid) to pass through the stomach is typically l-2h. Depending on the diet, the pH of the human gastric juice fluctuates greatly, usually around pH 3.0, up to pH 1.5 when fasting or eating acidic foods, and up to pH 4-5 when eating alkaline foods. The acidic environment activates pepsinogen, which kills bacteria that enter the stomach with food. Probiotics must have some acid resistance and pepsin resistance if they are to be probiotic in the human body.
  • Tryptone soy broth (TSB for short, brand: OXOID, article number: CM0129B)
  • TSA Tryptone soy agar
  • Bile powder solution Add bovine bile powder to TSB and set three final concentrations of 10g/L (1% bovine powder), 20g/L (2% bovine powder) and 40g/L (4% bovine). Powder). After sterilization, serum (final concentration 50 mL/L) was added for use. At the same time, the TSB without bile powder was used as a control.
  • strain culture and collection The strains (ZY-312, Bd312, BF839, ATCC25285) were statically cultured at 37 °C, anaerobic liquid statically to the late logarithmic growth stage (about 14-16 hours), and dispensed into centrifuge tubes. Load 3 ml of bacterial solution and centrifuge at room temperature for 4,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Then, the cells were washed once with 0.01 M PBS (centrifugal at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes), discarded, and precipitated for use.
  • PBS centrifugal at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes
  • the washed bacteria were resuspended with the above bile powder solution, and the initial bacterial solution concentration was adjusted to be lx lO 8 CFU/mL with the bile powder-containing solution.
  • anaerobic culture for 1, 2, 4 hours the number of viable bacteria was counted by plating, and the number of bacteria at 0 hours was used as a control. The experiment was done 3 times in parallel.
  • Bile salts are sodium or potassium salts formed by the binding of bile acids secreted by hepatocytes to glycine or taurine. They are the main components of bile involved in digestion and absorption. After the bile salt is discharged into the small intestine, most of it is absorbed into the blood by the intestinal mucosa, and then enters the liver to form bile. The mass concentration of bile salts in the human small intestine fluctuates in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 g/100 mL.
  • bile salts can destroy cell membranes, so tolerance to bile salts is one of the important indicators for evaluating probiotics.
  • Probiotics produce bile salt hydrolase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycine and taurine-bound bile salts to amino acid residues and free bile salts. Strains with bile salt dissociation ability can lower serum cholesterol levels in high cholesterol populations and prevent hypercholesterolemia in normal people.
  • the concentration of bile salts in the digestive tract is not fixed. At the beginning of 1 hour of feeding digestion, the mass concentration is 15 ⁇ 20 g/L, and then the mass concentration is reduced to about 3 g/L.
  • Probiotics must survive normal gallate concentrations during passage through the stomach and intestine. To colonize the small intestine, they must be resistant to bile salts. Therefore, ZY-312 has a better application prospect than other strains of Bacteroides fragilis.
  • Example 5 Example 5
  • Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 fights E. coli endotoxin, protects IEC6 cells
  • ICE6 cells rat small intestine crypt epithelial cells, supplied by the Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University
  • ICE6 cells in logarithmic growth phase were seeded at 3x10 4 /mL, per well, in 96-well culture plates, 37 ° C, 5 After incubating for 24 h at % C0 2 , the culture solution was aspirated and 10 g/mL of E. coli endotoxin was added.
  • phosphate buffer solution PBS
  • 1 x 106 CFU/mL ZY-312 bacterial solution ZY-312 bacterial liquid ultrasonic pulverization solution
  • Bd312 bacterial solution Bd312 bacterial solution
  • BF839 bacterial solution ATCC25285 bacterial solution 200 ⁇
  • Five replicate wells were cultured for 44 h, and 5 g/L of MTT 20 ⁇ was added to each well, and incubation was continued for 12 h. The cytotoxicity of each group was then determined by the LDH method.
  • Table 7 shows the results of B. fragilis ZY-312 against E. coli endotoxin. Among them, the * mark is statistically different from the negative control group; ⁇ is statistically different from the positive control group.
  • Bacteroides fragilis ⁇ -312 live bacteria and ultrasonic pulverization solution protect IEC6 cells from E. coli endotoxin LPS, and its efficacy is significantly better than other Bacteroides strains. While Escherichia coli is a common pathogen in the dysbacteriosis of bacteria, ZY-312 has the potential to treat antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and its metabolites and bacterial secreted proteins also have the function of protecting epithelial cells.
  • Three antibiotics (clindamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin) were used to construct an antibiotic-associated diarrhea model, followed by ZY-312, Bd312, BF839 and ATCC25285 containing lx10 9 CFU/mL viable bacteria. Treatment, observation of efficacy.
  • Experimental group 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, ZY-312 group, Bd312 group, BF839 group and ATCC25285 group.
  • Zy-312, Bd312, BF839, and ATCC25285 were treated with 10 9 CFU/mL for 10 days in different groups for 8 days. Clinical symptoms were observed daily and the dry weight of feces was weighed. After the end of treatment, the rats were dissected and pathologically observed.
  • Table 8 shows the number of soft-shell animals/animals in each group before and after treatment, and * represents statistical differences compared with the model control group:
  • Table 8 shows the number of diarrhea animals per day for each group of animals. It can be seen from the table that the ZY-312 group has a significant reduction in the number of diarrhea animals from the fifth day of treatment, which is significantly different from other groups and continues By the end of the experiment; the number of animals in the Bd312 group also decreased, but the degree of reduction was less than that of the ZY-312 group, and the symptoms were repeated, indicating that ZY-312 was the most effective in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • Figure 7 shows that there is a downward trend in the water content of the feces in the ZY-312 and Bd312 groups.
  • the ZY-312 group has the most obvious downward trend and is statistically different. It is confirmed that ZY-312 can significantly reduce the water content in the feces. Diarrhea effect.
  • mice 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, ZY-312 group, Bd312 group, BF839 group and ATCC25285 group.
  • the pathological scoring criteria are as follows (refer to Talamisu TSUKAHAEA, Yoshie IWASAKI, Keizo NAKAYAMA et al. Microscopic structure of the large intestinal mucosa in piglets during an antibiotic-associated diarrhea). J. vet. Med. Sci, 2003, 65(3): 301-306. ):
  • Edema 0 points: no edema; 1 point: only a small amount ( ⁇ 2X) multiple submucosal dilatation of mild edema; 2 points: medium amount (2 ⁇ 3X) multiple submucosal dilatation of moderate edema; 3 points: A large number (>3X) of severe submucosal dilatation of severe edema; 4 points: severe edema of diffuse submucosal dilatation.
  • Inflammatory cell infiltration 0 points: no inflammation; 1 point: a small amount of multifocal neutrophil infiltration; 2 points: moderate multifocal neutrophil infiltration (involving more submucosa); 3 Points: A large number of multifocal and even clustered neutrophil infiltration (involving more submucosal and muscular layers); 4 points: The lesions involved the same 3 points, but abscesses or more extensive myometrial involvement.
  • intestinal epithelial injury 0 points: no intestinal epithelial damage changes; 1 point: a small number of multifocal superficial epithelial damage (vacancies, individual apoptosis, villus attenuation / necrosis); 2 points: medium volume Focal superficial epithelial damage (cavitation, individual apoptosis, villus attenuation/necrosis); 3 points: a large number of multifocal epithelial lesions appear vacuoles, individual cells withered Death, villus top attenuation/necrosis) ⁇ pseudomembrane formation (medullary granules in the lumen, fibrous exudation of exfoliated epithelium); 4 points: more obvious pseudomembrane or epithelial ulcer on the basis of 3 points ( The epithelium at the lesion is completely detached).
  • Table 9 shows the results of changes in diarrhea rate, * represents statistical difference compared with model control group
  • Table 10 is the pathological score, * represents statistical difference compared with the model control group
  • Table IX, Table 10 and Figure 8 show that the ZY-312 group can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate and fecal water content of mice in the 5th day after treatment.
  • the pathological score of the 7-day treatment was significantly lower than that of the other groups, indicating that the ZY-312 group
  • the inflammation was significantly relieved, and its therapeutic effect was significantly better than other strains of Bacteroides fragilis, which proved that ZY-312 can effectively treat C. difficile infectious diarrhea.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention belongs to the genus Bacteroides, which is completely different from the bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, etc. belonging to the thick-walled bacterium, and has been experimentally confirmed to be resistant to bile salts compared with the existing strains of Bacteroides fragilis.
  • the ability to stomach acid is stronger, the effect on antibiotic-associated diarrhea is significant, and the probiotic characteristics are significantly better than the existing strains of Bacteroides fragilis.

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Abstract

提供了一种脆弱拟杆菌及其应用,具体涉及保藏号为CGMCC No.10685的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312,以及该脆弱拟杆菌在制备用于预防和/或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的药物、药物组合物、食品、保健品及食品添加剂中的应用,该脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312于2015年4月2日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,其保藏号为CGMCC No.10685。

Description

一种脆弱拟杆菌及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物、 药品、 保健品、 食品及日化产品技术领域, 特别是涉及一种新的 脆弱拟杆菌菌株及其在预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻中的应用。 背景技术
随着抗生素的广泛应用, 抗生素相关性腹泻 (antibiotic associated diarrhea, 简称 AAD) 日益受到关注。抗生素相关性腹泻是指应用抗生素后继发腹泻, 为较常见的药物不良反应, 其发生率视不同抗生素而异, 约为 5 %〜39 %。 按 AAD的病情程度不同, 抗生素相关性腹 泻包括单纯腹泻、 结肠炎或伪膜性结肠炎。伪膜性结肠炎(pseudomembranous colitis, 简称 PMC) 指病情严重, 在结肠粘膜有伪膜形成的特殊类型, 如不及时给予合理治疗, 可引起 并发症, 死亡率高达 15 %〜24 %。 对于 AAD的发生, 目前较为一致的看法是抗生素破坏 了肠内菌群的自然生态平衡, 即生理性细菌明显减少, 而需氧性菌及兼性厌氧菌数量增加, 其中与 PMC发病有关的主要是艰难梭菌 (Clostridium difficile, 简称 CD), 其他细菌尚有产 气荚膜芽胞杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌、 产酸克雷伯杆菌和沙门菌属。 凡能对抗细菌的药物, 几乎均可引起 AAD, 以林可霉素 (lincomycin) 、 阿奇霉素 (azithromycin) 、 氨苄西林 (ampicallin) 多见。 目前对于中重型 AAD患者, 需选用对艰难梭菌敏感的抗生素, 临床 上多选用甲硝唑或万古霉素。 这些药物虽然有一定的疗效, 但是却会使细菌产生耐药性, 耐药性一旦产生, 药物的疗效就明显下降。 当长期应用抗生素时, 占多数的敏感菌株不断 被杀灭, 耐药菌株就大量繁殖, 代替敏感菌株, 而使细菌对该种药物的耐药率不断升高。 为了保持抗生素的有效性, 应减少其使用。 因此亟需开发出更为安全的替代治疗方案。
研究表明, AAD通常是肠道正常菌群失调的结果, 微生态制剂在 AAD中的应用日益 受到重视。益生菌在 AAD治疗中的作用因其安全性优越、无毒副作用的特点而日益被重视, 但目前所报道的益生菌, 如嗜酸乳酸杆菌、 干酪乳酸杆菌、 保加利亚乳酸杆菌、 双歧杆菌、 长双歧杆菌、 粪肠球菌、 嗜热链球菌等的疗效尚无法达到理想状态。 选择全新的菌株成为 益生菌治疗 AAD的关键。
人体胃肠道内菌群数量庞大, 迄今为止, 哺乳动物与寄居于其体内的数以亿计的微生 物保持着一种动态平衡, 这种平衡不仅有利于微生物的生存和繁衍, 也有利于机体自稳态 的形成, 使机体免于某些疾病。 益生菌制剂是指根据微生态理论研制的含有益生菌及其代 谢产物的生物制剂, 通过调节、 维持机体内的微生态平衡, 达到提高机体健康水平的目的。
截至目前, 已发现的益生菌大致分为三类: (1 )乳杆菌类, 如嗜酸乳杆菌、 干酪乳杆 菌等; (2) 双歧杆菌类, 如长双歧杆菌、 短双歧杆菌、 卵形双歧杆菌和嗜热双歧杆菌等; (3 )革兰氏阳性球菌, 如粪链球菌、乳球菌等。 国外已经开发出了数以百计的益生菌制剂, 针对疾病的治疗取得了非常显著的效果并带来了巨大的经济效益。 在国内, 随着人们健康 意识的增强, 有关益生菌制剂的研究和生产也有了较快的发展。 经过近半个世纪的实践, 欧洲、 北美、 日本、 中国都在应用益生菌调节剂作为酸奶发酵菌饮料、 保健食品和药品, 这已是普遍公认的事实, 然而这些制剂中主要包含双歧杆菌和乳杆菌, 经过长期、 大范围 应用后发现其临床疗效越来越弱, 所以亟需加大开发研究力度, 进一步丰富益生菌品种。
脆弱拟杆菌 (Bacteroides fragilis) 是革兰氏阴性厌氧细菌中拟杆菌属的成员, 属于拟 杆菌门, 完全不同于厚壁菌门的双歧杆菌、 乳酸菌等。 拟杆菌属有 25个菌种, 仅来自人类 的有 10个菌种, 仅来自动物的有 10个菌种, 来自人和动物的有 5个菌种。
脆弱拟杆菌是一种专性厌氧细菌, 依培养基的不同和生长阶段的不同, 菌体形态呈现 多形性, 一般条件下菌体为杆状、 两端顿圆、 着色深, 中间色浅且不均匀, 有荚膜、 无芽 胞、 无动力, 有些有空泡, 菌体长短不一。 依据能否合成、 分泌脆弱拟杆菌肠毒素 (BFT) 可将其分为产肠毒素型脆弱拟杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, ETBF)和非产肠毒 素型脆弱拟杆菌 (NontoxigenicBacteroides fragilis, NTBF) 。 脆弱拟杆菌作为人及动物肠 道正常菌群的一部分, 主要存在于结肠中。 此外, 呼吸道、 胃肠道及泌尿生殖道粘膜也可 定植生长。 脆弱拟杆菌作为一种条件致病菌, 当宿主粘膜受损时, 可侵犯粘膜下层, 引起 感染, 也可经血液流动, 引起身体其它器官, 如肠道、 腹腔、 肝、 肺、 脑组织、 软组织、 骨髓等的化脓性感染并伴发脓肿。
本领域已经对脆弱拟杆菌进行了大量研究。 张季阶从发育良好的婴儿或低龄动物肠道 中分离出一种拟杆菌菌株 BF839, 将其制成活菌制剂后能够增加儿童生长发育, 对防治急 慢性肠炎、菌群失调、上呼吸道感染和神经官能症等较好疗效(参见申请号为" 90102847.9", 名称为 "一株有益菌株及其应用"的中国发明专利申请; 张季阶, 等. 脆弱拟杆菌 (BF839) 菌 液的临床应用研究. 中国生物制品学杂志, 1995年, 第 8卷, 第 2期, 第 63-65页) 。
再如, 申请号为" 201310095126.7", 名称为"具有益生菌特性的脆弱拟杆菌"; 申请号为
"201310085744.3", 名称为 "脆弱拟杆菌在制备治疗急性放射性肠炎组合物中的应用"; 申请 号为" 201310085716.1",名称为 "脆弱拟杆菌在制备治疗炎症性肠病组合物中的应用"的中国 发明专利申请所公开的脆弱拟杆菌,为在 2012年从婴儿粪便中分离出一种具有益生菌特性 的脆弱拟杆菌菌株 (保藏编号为 CGMCC NO.7280) , 可用于治疗炎症性肠病、 腹泻等。 此外, 通过对该菌株的进一步鉴定, 发现该菌株(Bd312)在细菌形态、 培养特性、 生理生 化反应结果与脆弱拟杆菌相似, 经 BLASTN序列比对, 所分离菌株与脆弱拟杆菌标准株 ATCC25285同源性达 99%,药敏实验提示,菌株 Bd312对头孢拉定、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、 磺胺甲嗯唑、 甲氧苄啶不敏感, 急慢性毒性试验提示无毒性 (刘洋洋, 等. 健康婴儿体内 的无毒脆弱拟杆菌的分离及鉴定. 中华医学杂志, 2014年,第 94卷,第 30期,第 2372-2374 页) 。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新的脆弱拟杆菌 (Bacteroides fragilis) 菌株及 其在预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻中的应用。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种脆弱拟杆菌菌株 ZY-312, 保藏号为 CGMCC No.10685。
为了更好地实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了上述脆弱拟杆菌在制备用于预防和 /或治疗 抗生素相关性腹泻的药物中的应用。
上述的脆弱拟杆菌应用, 其中, 所述抗生素相关性腹泻为艰难梭菌感染性腹泻。
为了更好地实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻 的药物组合物, 其中, 所述药物组合物含有药学有效剂量的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312。
上述的药物组合物, 其中, 所述药物组合物为胶囊、 溶液、 悬乳液、 袋装粉剂或颗粒 剂。
上述的药物组合物, 其中, 每一单一剂量为 106-10u个所述脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312菌株细 胞。
为了更好地实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻 的食品, 其中, 所述食品含有脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312。
为了更好地实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻 的保健品, 其中, 所述保健品含有脆弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312。
为了更好地实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻 的食品添加剂, 其中, 所述食品添加剂含有脆弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312。
本发明的技术效果在于:
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312属于拟杆菌门,完全不同于属于厚壁菌门的双歧杆菌、乳 酸菌等, 经过实验证实, 与现有的脆弱拟杆菌菌株相比, 其耐受胆盐、 胃酸的能力更强, 对抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著, 益生特性显著优于现有的脆弱拟杆菌菌株。 因此, 脆弱拟 杆菌 ZY-312可作为继乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌之后的第三代益生菌,为疾病的预防和治疗提供 新的思路和前景。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述, 但不作为对本发明的限定。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312厌氧培养后菌落形态图;
图 2为本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312革兰氏染色镜检图 (ΙΟΟΟχ ) ;
图 3为本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312扫描电镜观察图 (30000X ) ;
图 4为本发明的 PCR产物凝胶电泳结果对比图;
图 5 为本发明的 PCR产物凝胶电泳结果对比图;
图 6根据全基因组序列比较建立的系统发育树;
图 7 为治疗抗生素相关性腹泻粪便绝对含水量变化结果对比图;
图 8 为治疗艰难梭菌感染性腹泻粪便绝对含水量变化结果对比图。
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 (Bacteroides fragilis) ZY-312已于 2015年 4月 2日保藏于中国 普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心 (简称为 CGMCC, 地址: 北京市朝阳区北辰西路 1 号院 3 号) , 保藏号为 CGMCC No. l0685。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的结构原理和工作原理作具体的描述:
本发明的实施方式包括: 本发明的新菌株脆弱拟杆菌 (Bacteroides fragilis) ZY-312, 保藏号为 CGMCC No.10685。 是在对脆弱拟杆菌进行了更广泛和更深入的研究基础上, 对 更多来自健康婴儿的粪便进行筛选, 并筛选到活性或生理特性更好的脆弱拟杆菌菌株, 可 提高脆弱拟杆菌对疾病的治疗效果。
本发明的新菌株脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312从健康婴儿粪便中分离获得。该菌株可以调节肠道 菌群、 减轻腹泻症状等, 对抗生素相关性腹泻具有治疗作用, 效果优于其他益生菌。
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312可以制备成药物组合物。该药物组合物含有药学有效剂量 的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312。 此外, 所述药物组合物还可以含有合适的药物载体。 本发明的药物 组合物可以为胶囊、 溶液或可饮用悬乳液、 袋装粉剂、 颗粒剂等形式, 每一单一剂量一般 约为 106-10u个脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312细胞。
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312还可以制备成食品、保健品或食品添加剂的形式。所述食 品、 保健品或食品添加剂含有脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312。 这些食品、 保健品或食品添加剂可用于 预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻, 提高食用者的健康水平。
本发明是从大量脆弱拟杆菌菌株中筛选出的一株新的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312,经证实不含 肠毒素基因 bft, 是一株无毒株, 经过发酵培养、 染色镜检及生理生化特性分析及动物实验 发现: 与现有的其他脆弱拟杆菌菌株相比, 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312具有突出的耐胆盐、 耐胃酸 等益生特性, 可以有效克服现有脆弱拟杆菌在消化道中容易失活等缺点, 是新一代益生菌 制品的优选菌株。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 需要指出的是, 由本发明中的用于预 防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的脆弱拟杆菌或含有本发明的脆弱拟杆菌的药物组合物、 食 品、 保健品和食品添加剂在施用于受试者后, 都可以应用于上文所述的适应症并展现出上 文所述的功能, 在本发明范围内的所有剂型均已测试, 下文中, 仅仅是为说明, 只在实施 例中描述了其中一少部分, 然而不应将其理解为对本发明的限制。
除非特殊说明, 否则本发明中所使用的试剂都是市售可购买的。 实施例 1
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312分离、 纯化
试剂和仪器:
( 1 ) 培养基 A: 类杆菌-胆汁-七叶苷 (BBE) 琼月
号: HB7028) 基础上加入改良配方, 具体成分如下表
表一
养基成分
胰蛋白胨 15.0
大豆胨 5.0
牛胆粉 20.0
氯化钠 5.0
七叶苷 1.0
柠檬酸铁铵 0.5
氯化血红素 0.0125
庆大霉素 0.1
磺胺甲噁唑 1
甲氧苄啶 4
无菌脱纤维羊血 50
琼脂 1.5
PH=7.0 灭菌条件: 121 °C、 15min
(2) 培养基 B: 类杆菌-胆汁-七叶苷 (BBE) 琼脂 (青岛海博生物科技有限公司, 货 号: HB7028) 基础上加入改良配方, 具体成分如下表二:
表二
培养基成分 用量 (g/L) 备注 胰蛋白胨 15.0
大豆胨 5.0
牛胆粉 20.0
氯化钠 5.0
七叶苷 1.0
柠檬酸铁铵 0.5
氯化血红素 0.0125
庆大霉素 0.1
磺胺甲噁唑 1
甲氧苄啶 4
琼脂 1.5
PH=7.0 灭菌条件: 121 °C、 15min
(3 ) 培养基 C: 布氏肉汤 (青岛海博生物科技有限公司, 货号: HB0241 ) 中加入胎 牛血清, 加入量为 5% (v/v) (浙江天杭生物科技股份有限公司, 品牌: 四季青, 货号: HB0205 ) 。
(4) 实验仪器
2.5L密封培养罐 (三菱瓦斯化学株式会社, C-31 )
恒温培养箱 (上海一恒科学仪器有限公司, 型号: DHP-9082)
显微镜 (尼康仪器 (上海) 有限公司, 型号: E100)
PCR仪 (赛默飞世尔科技公司型号: Applied Biosystems® GeneAmp® PCR系统 9700) 电泳仪 (北京市六一仪器厂, 型号: DYCP-32B )
( 5 ) 试剂
厌氧产气袋 (三菱瓦斯化学株式会社, 货号: C-1 )
细菌 DNA提取试剂盒(Bacterial DNA Kit (细菌 DNA提取试剂盒) OMEGA , 货号: D3350-01 )
Taq酶 (宝生物工程 (大连)有限公司, 货号: DR100A)
琼脂糖 (品牌: Biowest, 货号: 91622)
磺胺甲恶唑 (西格玛奥德里奇公司 (sigma) , 货号: S7507-10G)
甲氧苄啶 ( sigma, 货号: T7883-5G)
维生素 K1 (青岛日水生物科技有限公司, 货号: 21005 )
DL1000 DNA Marker (TaKaRa公司, 货号: D526A)
脆弱拟杆菌产肠毒素株 (南方医院消化科孙勇老师提供, 分离自临床腹泻患者) 脆弱拟杆菌标准株 ATCC25285 (购自广东省微生物研究所)
脆弱拟杆菌菌株 Bd312 (保藏号为 CGMCC No.7280, 由广州知光生物科技有限公司提 供)
BF839菌株 (分离自图腾益生液)
( 6) 培养基配置
培养基 A配置: 称取 BBE培养基 61.5克, 加热溶解于 lOOOmL蒸馏水中, 121 °C高压 灭菌 15分钟, 冷却至 50°C左右时, 加入过滤除菌的磺胺甲噁唑 lg、 甲氧苄啶 4g和无菌脱 纤维羊血 50mL, 混匀, 倾入无菌平皿, 备用。
培养基 B配置: 称取 BBE培养基 61.5克, 加热溶解于 lOOOmL蒸馏水中, 121 °C高压 灭菌 15分钟, 冷却至 50°C左右时, 加入过滤除菌的磺胺甲噁唑 lg、 甲氧苄啶 4g, 混匀, 倾入无菌平皿, 备用。
培养基 C配置: 称取布氏肉汤培养基 28.1g, 加热搅拌溶解于 lOOOmL蒸馏水中, 分 装三角瓶, 121 °C高压灭菌 15 分钟, 备用。 使用前, 加入 5%的胎牛血清。
布氏肉汤配置: 称取布氏肉汤培养基 28.1g, 加热搅拌溶解于 lOOOmL 蒸馏水中, 分 装三角瓶, 121 °C高压灭菌 15 分钟, 备用。
方法:
1、 分离纯化
取新鲜的婴儿粪便 0.5g,置于盛有 4.5mL布氏肉汤的三角瓶中,振荡 1分钟。取 O. lmL 滴于培养基上, 划线后, 置于厌氧罐中, 37°C、 培养 48小时。 挑取典型菌落于液体培养基 24h,进行革兰氏染色。显微镜下观察形态,选取革兰氏阴性菌的菌液,划线接种于血平皿, 厌氧培养 48h。 根据平板上菌落形态特征及镜下观察菌体的染色特性、 大小、 球杆状和分 布情况, 判断是否纯化。 如细菌不纯, 则继续以上步骤, 反复多次分离传代, 直至得到纯 化的菌株。
2、 菌落特征
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312在血平皿上培养 48h后,呈现圆形微凸、半透明、 白色、表面光滑、 不溶血, 菌落直径在 l-3mm, 参见图 1。
3、 显微镜下形态
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312进行革兰氏染色镜检, 为革兰阴性细菌, 呈现典型的杆状, 两端钝 圆而浓染, 菌体中间不着色部分形如空泡, 参见图 2。
4、 电镜下形态
固定液固定,扫描电镜观察。镜下可见,脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312大小在 0.5〜0.8χ 1〜4.5μιη, 无鞭毛, 无芽孢, 参见图 3。 5、 生化鉴定
表三维生化鉴定结果, 其中 +为阳性, -为阴性
表三
Figure imgf000010_0001
API20A (生化反应鉴定板, 法国生物梅里埃股份有限公司) 生理生化反应结果显示: 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312可发酵葡萄糖、 乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、 木糖、七叶灵、甘露糖、 棉子糖, 符合脆弱拟杆菌的特征。 实施例 2
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312鉴定 聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 引物 (由英潍捷基 (上海;)贸易有限公司合成) 序列如下: 引物对 1 :
正向引物: 5 ' - ACGCTTGC ACCCTCCGTATT A-3 '
反向引物: 5'-GCTTAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3,
引物对 2:
正向引物: 5 ' -TGGGTGGTTGCTGCCTGGACACA-3 '
反向引物: 5 ' -C ATCCGGGT ATGGAT ATGAA-3 '
引物对 3 :
正向引物: 5 ' -GATGCTCC AGTTAC AGCTTCC ATTG-3 '
反向引物: 5'-CGCCCAGTATATGACCTAGTTCGTG-3,
bft基因引物对:
正向引物: 5 ' -GACGGTGT ATGTGATTTGTCTGAGAGA-3 '
反向引物: 5'-ATCCCTAAGATTTATTATCCCAAGTA-3'
1、 PCR鉴定 (PCR即聚合酶链式反应, 是常用的快速扩增基因的方法)
( 1 ) 16S rRNA序列测定
取上述菌株接种于培养基 A上, 37°C、 厌氧培养 48h。 取单一菌接种于液体培养基中, 37°C、 厌氧培养 48h。 DNA提取试剂盒提取细菌 DNA (天根生化科技 (北京) 有限公司, 货号: DP302-02 ) , 作为 PCR模板 DNA。
16SrRNA基因序列的扩增: 引物对 1扩增片段大小约为 531bp; 引物对 2扩增片段大 小为 518bp; 引物对 3扩增片段大小约为 970bp。
采用 2(^L PCR反应体系: Taq酶 10μί、 模板 DNA 2 L、 正向反向引物各 1μί、 无菌 去离子水 6μί。
PCR反应条件为: 95 °C预变性 5min、 95 °C变性 30s、 55 °C退火 30s、 72°C延伸 45s、 30 个循环、 72°C延伸 10min。
PCR产物在 2%的琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳, 电泳条件为 100V、 15min。
PCR产物凝胶电泳结果如图 4所示, 其中 1、 2泳道分别为引物对 1、 引物对 2扩增产 物; 4、 5泳道分别为引物对 1、 引物对 2扩增产物 (重复 PCR的结果) ; 3、 6泳道为引物 对 3扩增产物; 7泳道为 DNA分子量标准物 ( DL1000 DNA marker) 。 分离菌株 DNA采 用引物对 1进行 PCR扩增后产物大小为 531bp,采用引物对 2进行 PCR扩增后产物大小为 518bp, 采用引物对 3进行 PCR扩增后产物大小为 970bp, 符合预期, 所分离菌株为脆弱拟 杆菌。
将 PCR产物进行核苷酸序列测定 (深圳华大基因科技有限公司) , 共 2个样品。 测序 结果在 Genbank (美国国家生物技术信息中心建立的 DNA序列数据库) 上进行 BLAST比 对 (http:〃 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ ) , 见表四。
结果表明分离到为一株脆弱拟杆菌。
表四为 16S rRNA序列 BLAST比对结果 (部分)
表四
Figure imgf000012_0001
(2) PCR检测 bft基因
将测序筛选到的菌株接种于培养基 C中, 37°C、 厌氧培养 48小时。 取培养菌液 2mL, 用细菌 DNA提取试剂盒提取 DNA, 作为 PCR模板 DNA。 bft基因的扩增采用 bft基因引 物, 扩增片段大小应为 294bp。
采用 2(^L PCR反应体系: Taq酶 10μί、 模板 DNA 2 L、 上下引物各 1μΙ^、 无菌去离 子水 6μί。
PCR反应条件为: 95 °C预变性 5min、 95 °C变性 30s, 55 °C退火 30s、 72°C延伸 45s, 共 30个循环,72°C延伸 10min。PCR产物进行 2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳,电泳条件为 100V、15min。
结果参见图 5, 其中 1、 2、 3、 4泳道为分离菌株 ZY-312电泳结果; 5、 6、 7为产肠毒 素株脆弱拟杆菌电泳结果; 8泳道为 DL 1000 DNA marker。 4、 5泳道为 bft基因引物对扩增 产物; 1、 7泳道为引物对 2扩增产物; 2、 6为引物对 1扩增产物; 3泳道为引物对 3扩增 产物。
结果表明, 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312为一株脆弱拟杆菌, 且不含有肠毒素 bft基因, 为一株 新的无毒株。
2、 全基因组测序分析鉴定
对脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312进行全基因组测序(深圳华大基因科技有限公司), 测序结果与 已发表的菌株序列相互比对, 利用 treebest软件采用邻接法构建 NJ-tree或利用软件 PhyML 采用最大似然法构建最大似然树。 系统发育树显示 (参见图 6) , 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312与脆 弱拟杆菌标准株 ATCC25285 (即 NCTC9343 ) 在同一分支上, 表明检脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312 为一株新的脆弱拟杆菌, 与 ATCC25285同源。
对全基因组测序结果进行毒力基因分析, 验证其是否含产毒素 bft基因。
结果显示, 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312全基因组中不含 bft基因, 为一株不产肠毒素的新的脆 弱拟杆菌。 实施例 3
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对胃酸的耐受性
( 1 ) 人工胃液配制 (根据 2010年 《中国药典》 人工胃液配制方法)
23.4mL浓 HC1溶解于 lOOmL纯化水中, 即得稀盐酸。 取 8.2mL稀盐酸, 加入 400mL 纯化水与 5g胃蛋白酶(aladdin®, 猪源, 1 : 15000) , 定容到 500mL。 于 37°C、 磁力搅拌 过夜, 即得人工胃液。
(2) 菌体准备 收集菌液, 离心, 弃上清, 生理盐水重悬后, 再次离心, 弃上清, 菌体备用。
( 3 ) 加入人工胃液测定活菌数
向菌体中加入人工胃液, 重悬, 分别测定 0、 1、 2、 3h活菌数。
活菌计数采用 10倍系列稀释法: 取 ΙΟΟμΙ^菌液加入 900μί培养基中, 逐步梯度稀释 至合适浓度。 每个平板点 4个浓度梯度, 每个梯度重复点样 3次, 每次点样 20^。 37°C、 厌氧培养 48h, 数菌落数 (取菌落数为 3-30的浓度梯度计数) 。
活菌数 (CFU/mL ) =三个点样菌落总和 /3 χ50χ稀释度
表五为不同菌株胃酸耐受实验结果 (表中数据为活菌浓度 log值, h为小时) 表五
菌株 0h lh 2h 3h
ZY-312 9.35±0.1 1 8.87±0.24 8.85±0.17 8.56±0.33
Bd312 7.55±0.21 5.55±0.13 3.25±0.14 3.44±0.10
BF839 3±0.08 2±0.20 0±0 0±0
ATCC25285 3.1±0.06 1±0.04 0±0 0±0 益生菌必须进入人体的胃肠道并达到-一定浓度才能发挥其功能。从口腔到肠道过 益生菌首先必须以活菌状态通过胃才有可能进入肠道。 食物 (尤其是流体) 通过胃的时间 一般为 l-2h。 根据饮食结构的不同, 人体胃液的 pH值波动很大, 通常在 pH3.0 左右, 空 腹或食用酸性食品时可达 pHl .5 , 食用碱性食品时可达 pH 4-5 , 胃液的这种酸性环境可 以激活胃蛋白酶原, 从而杀死随食物进入胃内的细菌。 益生菌如果要在人体内发挥益生作 用, 就必须具有一定的耐酸能力和耐胃蛋白酶的能力。
结果表明, 与脆弱拟杆菌种其他菌株相比, 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312在 3h后活菌浓度仍然 较高, 而其他菌株的活菌浓度随时间降低很快, 说明 ZY-312对胃酸耐受性较好, 具有很好 的益生潜力和应用前景。 实施例 4
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对胆盐耐受实验
1、 实验材料
胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤 (简称 TSB, 品牌: OXOID, 货号: CM0129B )
胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂 (简称 TSA, 品牌: OXOID, 货号: CM0131B )
牛胆粉 (生物工程上海 (股份)有限公司, 货号: ON1210 )
胎牛血清 (美国 MP Biomedicals公司, 货号: 2916754 )
2、 菌株和试剂的准备 胆粉溶液:在 TSB中加入牛胆粉,设置三个终浓度,分别为 10g/L ( 1%牛胆粉)、 20g/L (2%牛胆粉) 和 40g/L (4%牛胆粉) 。 灭菌后加入血清 (终浓度 50mL/L) 待用。 同时, 以不加胆粉的 TSB作为对照。
菌株培养与收集: 菌株 (ZY-312、 Bd312、 BF839、 ATCC25285 ) 于 37°C、 厌氧液体 静态培养至对数生长后期 (约 14-16小时) , 分装至离心管中, 每管分装 3ml菌液, 室温、 4000 rpm 离心 5分钟。 再用 0.01M PBS洗菌 1次 (室温、 4000 rpm 离心 5分钟) , 弃上 清, 沉淀待用。
3、 人工胆粉培养基中培养
用上述胆粉溶液将洗涤后的细菌重悬, 用含胆粉溶液调整初始菌液浓度为 l x lO8 CFU/mL。 并在 37°C、 厌氧培养 1、 2、 4小时, 涂板计数活菌数目的变化, 0小时细菌数目 作为对照。 实验平行做 3次。
4、 计算细菌耐受胆粉情况
将上述三个时间点涂板结果, 与对应的 0小时结果进行比较, 即可得到菌株在人工胆 粉溶液中作用不同时间后其耐受胆粉的结果, 以均数 ±标准差及统计结果说明。
表六位 SK08 菌株耐胆粉实验结果 (n=3 )
表六
Figure imgf000015_0001
BF839 202.52±3.91% 211.82±6.41% 229.57±4.91% 253.41±4.62%
ATCC25285 204.97±5.82% 201.93±5.93% 246.52±6.41% 254.38±4.93% 结果如表六所示, 0-4h观察, ZY-312在 1%、 2%、 4%浓度胆粉中均可正常生长, 随 着胆粉浓度升高其活菌数越高, ZY-312活菌数显著高于其他菌株组。 结果表明 ZY-312耐 受胆盐, 并显著优于其他菌株。
胆盐是肝细胞分泌的胆汁酸与甘氨酸或牛磺酸结合形成的钠盐或钾盐, 它是胆汁参与 消化和吸收的主要成分。 胆盐排到小肠后, 大部分由小肠黏膜吸收入血, 再入肝脏组成胆 汁。 人体小肠中胆盐的质量浓度在 0.03〜0.3g/100mL 的范围波动。
对于活细胞来说, 胆盐能破坏细胞膜, 因此对胆盐的耐受性是评价益生菌的重要指标 之一。 益生菌可产生胆盐水解酶, 此酶可将甘氨酸和牛磺酸结合的胆盐催化水解为氨基酸 残基和游离胆盐。 具有胆汁盐解离能力的菌株可以降低高胆固醇人群的血清胆固醇水平和 防止正常人高胆固醇血症的发生。 消化道中胆盐的浓度不是固定不变的, 在进食消化的开 始 1 h, 其质量浓度为 15〜20 g/L, 之后其质量浓度降为 3 g/L左右。 益生菌必须在通过胃 肠过程中, 可以在正常的胆盐浓度下存活, 如要在小肠中定殖, 必须耐受胆盐的抑制作用。 因此, 相对于脆弱拟杆菌的其他菌株, ZY-312具有更好的应用前景。 实施例 5
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对抗大肠杆菌内毒素, 保护 IEC6细胞
细胞: ICE6细胞 (大鼠小肠隐窝上皮细胞, 南方医科大学微生物学系提供) 对数生长期的 ICE6细胞以 3x l04 /mL,每孔 ΙΟΟμί接种于 96孔培养板, 37°C, 5% C02 孵育 24h后, 吸弃培养液, 加入 10 g/mL的大肠杆菌内毒素。 不同组分别加入磷酸盐缓冲 液(PBS)、 1 x 106 CFU/mL的 ZY-312菌液、 ZY-312菌液超声粉碎液、 Bd312菌液、 BF839 菌液及 ATCC25285菌液 200 μί,每组 5个复孔,培养 44h后,每孔加入 5g/L的 MTT 20^, 继续孵育 12h。 然后用 LDH法测定各组细胞毒性。
表七为脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对抗大肠杆菌内毒素结果, 其中, *标识和阴性对照组相比 有统计学差异; Δ表示和阳性对照组有统计学差异
表七
Figure imgf000016_0001
细胞毒性 (X±S) %
阳性对照组 10.60±1.57*
ZY-312 -0.82±0.46Δ
ZY-312超声粉碎液 -0.47±0.16Δ Bd312 3.28±0.61Δ
BF839 6.11±0.77*Δ
ATCC25285 5.66±1.21*Δ
阴性对照组 -0.33±1.24Δ
该结果说明, 脆弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312活菌和超声粉碎液对 IEC6细胞起到保护作用, 不受 大肠杆菌内毒素 LPS的毒害, 其疗效显著优于其他脆弱拟杆菌菌株。 而大肠杆菌是菌群失 调中比较常见的致病菌,故 ZY-312具有治疗抗生素相关性腹泻潜力,其代谢产物和细菌分 泌蛋白也有保护上皮细胞的功能。 实施例 6
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对抗生素相关性腹泻疗效
用三联抗生素 (克林霉素、 氨苄西林、 链霉素) 联用构建抗生素相关性腹泻模型, 随 后分别用含 l x l09CFU/mL活菌数的 ZY-312、 Bd312、 BF839及 ATCC25285菌液治疗, 观 察疗效。
实验动物: SD大鼠。
实验分组:取 40只大鼠随机分为 4组, ZY-312组、 Bd312组、 BF839组、 ATCC25285 组。
动物模型构建: 三联抗生素 (克林霉素、 氨苄西林、 链霉素) 联用灌胃。
具体操作步骤: 腹腔注射给予 150mg/kg的三联抗生素 0.2mL, 每天 1次, 共 7天; 第
8天不同组分别给予 109CFU/mL的 ZY-312、 Bd312、 BF839、 ATCC25285菌液治疗 7天, 每天观察临床症状并称量粪便干湿重。 治疗结束后解剖大鼠, 病理观察。
主要实验结果参见表八及图 7:
表八为治疗前后各组的软便动物数 /动物总数变化, 其中 *代表和模型对照组相比有统 计学差异:
表八
组别 治疗期 恢复期
dl d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dl d2 d3
BF839组 16/16 13/16 14/16 12/16 8/8 5/8 4/8 4/8 4/8 3/8
Bd312组 16/16 12/16 11/16 11/16 2/8* 3/8* 3/8* 4/8 2/8 2/8
ZY-312组 16/16 12/16 12/16 11/16 0/8* 1/8* 1/8* 1/8* 0/8* 0/8*
ATCC25285 16/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 4/8 2/8* 4/8 4/8 3/8 2/8 表八显示, 各组动物每天腹泻动物的只数, 从表中可以看出 ZY-312 组从治疗期第 5 天开始,腹泻动物只数明显减少,与其他组具有显著性差异,并一直持续到实验结束; Bd312 组动物数也有所减少, 但减少程度不及 ZY-312组, 且症状有反复, 说明 ZY-312治疗抗生 素相关性腹泻效果最显著。
图 7表明, ZY-312组、 Bd312组的动物粪便含水量存在下降趋势, ZY-312组下降趋 势最明显并且有统计学差异, 证实 ZY-312能显著降低粪便中的含水量, 起到止泻效果。
综上所述, ZY-312在治疗第 5天的腹泻率就明显降低, 其他组的腹泻率直到恢复期都 无明显降低, ZY-312对于抗生素相关性腹泻具有很好的治疗作用。 实施例 7
脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312对艰难梭菌感染腹泻疗效
实验动物: C57BL/6小鼠。
实验分组: 取 40只小鼠随机分为 4组, ZY-312组、 Bd312组、 BF839组、 ATCC25285 组。
动物模型构建: 克林霉素腹腔注射联合艰难梭菌灌胃。
具体操作步骤: 腹腔注射给予 50mg/kg的克林霉素 0.2mL, 每天 1次, 共 3天; 第 4 天灌胃给予艰难梭菌菌液造成艰难梭菌性腹泻模型。第 5天不同组分别给予 109CFU/mL的 ZY-312、 Bd312、 BF839、 ATCC25285菌液治疗 7天。 第 8天解剖, 病理观察。
病理评分标准如下 (参考 Talamisu TSUKAHAEA, Yoshie IWASAKI, Keizo NAKAYAMA et al. Microscopic structure of the large intestinal mucosa in piglets during an antibiotic-associated diarrhea (抗生素相关性腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜的显微结构) . J. vet. Med. Sci, 2003, 65(3):301-306. ) :
( 1 ) 水肿, 0 分: 无水肿; 1 分: 只有少量 (<2X) 多发性黏膜下扩张的轻微性水 肿; 2分: 中量 (2〜3X) 多发性黏膜下扩张的中度水肿; 3分: 大量 (〉3X) 多发性黏膜 下扩张的重度水肿; 4分: 弥漫性黏膜下扩张的重度水肿。
(2) 炎性细胞浸润, 0分: 无炎症; 1分: 少量多灶性中性粒细胞浸润; 2分: 中度 多灶性中性粒细胞浸润 (累及更多的黏膜下层) ; 3 分: 大量多灶性甚至聚集性中性粒细 胞浸润 (累及更多的黏膜下层及肌层) ; 4分: 病灶累及同 3分, 但出现了脓肿或更广泛 的肌层受累。
( 3 )肠上皮损伤, 0分: 无肠上皮损伤改变; 1分: 少量多灶性浅表上皮损伤 (空泡 出现, 个别细胞凋亡, 绒毛顶端衰减 /坏死) ; 2分: 中量多灶性浅表上皮损伤 (空泡出现, 个别细胞凋亡, 绒毛顶端衰减 /坏死) ; 3 分: 大量多灶性上皮损伤空泡出现, 个别细胞凋 亡, 绒毛顶端衰减 /坏死) ±伪膜形成 (管腔内有含中性粒细胞, 脱落上皮的纤维性渗出) ; 4分: 在 3分基础上出现更明显的伪膜或者上皮溃疡 (病灶处上皮完全性脱落) 。
主要实验结果 (参见表九、 表十及图 8 ) :
表九为腹泻率的变化结果, *代表和模型对照组相比有统计学差异
表九
dl d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7
BF839组 10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10 8/10 6/10 6/10
ZY-312组 10/10 8/10 7/10 7/10
Bd312组 10/10 10/10 8/10 8/10 7/10 7/10
ATCC25285 10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10 9/10 9/10 8/10 表十为病理评分结果, *代表和模型对照组相比有统计学差异
表十
o
病理评分 *
ZY-312组 2.9±0.99* O
Bd312组 5.3±0.94*
BF839组 7.2±0.92 o o
ATCC25285组 5.4±1.51 *
表九、 表十和图 8表明, ZY-312组在治疗第 5天开始能显著降低小鼠腹泻率及粪便含 水量, 治疗 7天病理评分显著低于其他各组, 说明 ZY-312组的炎症明显减轻, 其治疗效果 显著优于其他脆弱拟杆菌菌株, 证明 ZY-312可有效治疗艰难梭菌感染性腹泻。
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312属于拟杆菌门,完全不同于属于厚壁菌门的双歧杆菌、乳 酸菌等, 经过实验证实, 与现有的脆弱拟杆菌菌株相比, 其耐受胆盐、 胃酸的能力更强, 对抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著, 益生特性显著优于现有的脆弱拟杆菌菌株。
当然, 本发明还可有其它多种实施例, 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下, 熟悉 本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形, 但这些相应的改变和变形 都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种脆弱拟杆菌菌株 ZY-312, 保藏号为 CGMCC No.l0685。
2、 脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312在制备用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的药物中的应用, 所述脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312的保藏号为 CGMCC No.10685。
3、 权利要求 2所述的脆弱拟杆菌应用, 其特征在于, 所述抗生素相关性腹泻为艰难梭 菌感染性腹泻。
4、 一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物 组合物含有药学有效剂量的脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述药物组合物为胶囊、 溶液、 悬 乳液、 袋装粉剂或颗粒剂。
6、 如权利要求 4或 5所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 每一单一剂量为 106-1011个 所述脆弱拟杆菌 ZY-312菌株细胞。
7、 一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的食品, 其特征在于, 所述食品含有脆 弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312。
8、 一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的保健品, 其特征在于, 所述保健品含 有脆弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312。
9、 一种用于预防和 /或治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的食品添加剂, 其特征在于, 所述食品 添加剂含有脆弱拟杆菌 ΖΥ-312。
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