WO2017016049A1 - 短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置 - Google Patents

短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017016049A1
WO2017016049A1 PCT/CN2015/089023 CN2015089023W WO2017016049A1 WO 2017016049 A1 WO2017016049 A1 WO 2017016049A1 CN 2015089023 W CN2015089023 W CN 2015089023W WO 2017016049 A1 WO2017016049 A1 WO 2017016049A1
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fiber
short
roller
spinning
cover plate
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PCT/CN2015/089023
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张圣忠
赵磊
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盐城工业职业技术学院
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Publication of WO2017016049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017016049A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H1/00—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
    • D01H1/02—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously ring type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/70—Constructional features of drafting elements
    • D01H5/72—Fibre-condensing guides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of textiles, in particular to a short-flow undrawn drafting and spinning device.
  • the world's cotton spinning ring spinning yarn accounts for more than 62% of the total yarn, while the proportion of yarn with ultra-short and soft fiber as the spinning raw material is only about 1%, but the domestic cotton spinning ring
  • the ratio of ultra-short and fine fiber such as kapok and cashmere used as spinning raw materials is very small.
  • Even the use of ultra-short and fine fiber as the spinning raw material generally relies on the production of carded wool or rotor spinning production system.
  • These ultra-short fine-fiber composite yarns, but these two spinning methods produce yarns with thicker yarns, harder hand and uneven mixing.
  • the products are only limited to medium and low-grade woven fabrics.
  • ultra-short and fine fibers can not be fully utilized by the market at present, even in the long process processing of cotton spinning systems, ultra-short
  • the highest content of fine fiber is only a small increase.
  • Most ultra-short and fine fibers must be used as cotton in the process of opening cotton, carding and combing. Otherwise, they will enter the subsequent process such as drawstring, roving and fine yarn.
  • the drafting cannot be smoothly performed, and the difficulty in processing the ultra-short fine fiber yarn is that the fiber length is short, the fiber length unevenness is poor, and the fiber strength is low.
  • the present invention provides a short spinning process, high efficiency, and low process control points.
  • a pile spinning device for fine fiber spinning is provided.
  • a short-flow non-drawing and multi-floating spinning device comprising: a feeding part, a carding and removing part, a conveying and collecting part, and a twisting and winding forming part;
  • the feeding part comprises an upper cotton feeding board and a lower part a cotton sheet, a cotton feed roller, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a distance between the upper feed sheet and the lower feed sheet;
  • the combing and removing portion comprising a cover sheet and a carding roller disposed in the cover sheet,
  • the cover plate is provided with a feed port, a discharge port and a discharge port;
  • the conveying agglomeration portion comprises a fiber delivery tube, a piled slot provided at the end of the fiber tube, and a negative pressure tube with a suction groove a front roller on one side of the negative pressure tube, a mesh ring sleeved on the negative pressure tube and the front roller, and a front roller in contact with the front roller, between the front roller and the front roller Forming a fiber
  • the twisted winding forming portion includes a yarn guiding hook, a spindle, a steel collar, and a bead ring, the steel collar is fixed on the spindle, and the bead ring is disposed on the steel collar, and the yarn guiding hook is disposed Above the steel collar.
  • the twisted winding forming portion further includes a broken end suction device that is located below the front roller.
  • the conveyor agglomerating portion further includes a tension frame located between the grid ring and the negative pressure tube.
  • the cover plate includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, and the discharge opening is disposed on the lower cover plate, and the feeding port and the discharge opening are respectively formed at a joint of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate.
  • the front roller is a top roller.
  • the fiber delivery tube is an arched circular tube.
  • the short-flow non-drawing and multi-floating spinning device of the invention can adapt to short-spinning spinning of various ultra-short and fine flexible fibers, and can directly feed the sliver, and prepare the roving-free process in the front.
  • the short-flow non-drawing and pre-spinning spinning device of the invention removes the traditional ring-spinning three-roller two-zone drafting mechanism device, and has no influence on the fiber control of the uneven distribution of the drafting friction force, and the characteristic indexes of the raw material length and the like Reduced requirements, more suitable for high-quality ring spinning of short fiber raw materials.
  • the short-flow undrawn drafting and spinning device of the invention has all the advantages of the novel agglomeration ring spinning, and the hairiness of the short fiber yarn is well reduced, and the traditional ring spinning structure is kept tight. The advantages.
  • the device of the invention can be used for various kinds of ultra-short and fine fiber to carry out the pile spinning, and the biggest feature is that the spinning process is short, the efficiency is high, the process control point is small, the production cost is saved for the spinning enterprise, and the kapok is used optimally.
  • Ultra-short and soft fiber such as wool, cotton, recycled cotton, etc., the piled yarn formed by this device takes into account the advantages of compact spinning and ring spinning.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a front view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the top view of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the upper and lower cover plate fiber delivery outlets in the collecting groove.
  • the whole device comprises four parts: a feeding part, a combing and removing part, a conveying and collecting part, and a twisting winding, respectively, from the front of the machine to the front of the machine.
  • a feeding part a combing and removing part
  • a conveying and collecting part a conveying and collecting part
  • a twisting winding respectively, from the front of the machine to the front of the machine.
  • the core of the whole device is the conveying agglomeration part, and the feeding part is composed of the upper cotton feeding plate 1, the lower cotton feeding plate 2, and the cotton feeding roller 3 and the like.
  • the feeding part is used to convey the sliver with high content of ultra-fine soft staple fiber to the opening roller, and the upper and lower feeding boards are passed through the effective grip, and the sliver is evenly conveyed to the cotton roller 3, and the cotton roller is fed.
  • the rotation of 3 and the holding of the lower cotton roller transfer the fiber raw material to the opening roller, and the holding distance of the upper and lower cotton sheets can be adjusted by the adjusting mechanism, and the cotton roller can control the feeding amount of the ultra-fine soft staple fiber.
  • the combing and removing portion is composed of the opening roller 4, the upper cover plate 5, the lower cover plate 6 and the discharge port 7 and the like, and is combed.
  • the impurity removing part bears the function of the carding fiber and the impurity removal.
  • the fibers are further combed to form fibers with high resolution and high parallelism reaching the exit of the upper and lower cover plates, and the output paths of the upper and lower cover plates are designed as bevels (angles ranging from 10 to 15 degrees), up and down.
  • the surface of the cover plate and the inclined surface is highly smooth, the length of the inclined surface is 12-16 mm, the outlet is designed to be circular, and the diameter is 12-17 mm.
  • the centrifugal force of the opening roller is high, and at this time, the separating roller is outside.
  • the surface speed of the inner wall of the upper and lower cover plates is relatively high, and the fibers will be arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction of the inner wall. Under the action of centrifugal force, the inner diameter of the inner wall of the upper and lower cover plates is slid in the coagulation groove, and then the fiber is used.
  • the negative pressure suction force produced inside the tube smoothly into the output fiber.
  • the conveying agglomeration part is composed of a fiber delivery tube 8, a piled groove 9, a front roller 16, a front roller 15, a mesh ring 13, a tension frame 14, a negative pressure tube 12 (including a suction groove 15), a negative pressure chamber 11, and the like. composition.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the fiber-optic tube 8 is designed to be circular, and the diameter ranges from 10 to 15 mm.
  • the fiber-optic tube is closely connected with the upper and lower cover sheets outside the opening roller, so that the ultra-fine flexible staple fiber is not in the process of fiber transmission.
  • the fibers are gathered in the poly-slot notch, and the fiber-optic tube is designed in an arch shape, and in order to make the ultra-short and fine-soft fibers condense into the suction groove, the fiber has a straight parallelism, and the shape of the grooved groove is designed as a horn. a narrow strip (rectangular) whose width is slightly larger than the width of the suction slot by 1 to 2 mm, and the spacing between the slotted slot and the grid ring is designed to be 0.8 to 1.2 mm, when the ultra-short and fine fibers are separated from the pile.
  • the fiber After the notch is adsorbed on the mesh ring of the suction tube jacket, for the ultra-short and fine fiber, the fiber has less curl and poor cohesion, and in order to make the ultra-short and fine fiber gather in the gathering area, a tightly structured yarn is obtained.
  • the design of the mesh and mesh circle should be more than 3300 mesh/cm.
  • the mesh ring is placed on the outside of the suction pipe, the front roller and the tension frame, and the front roller and the suction pipe are close to each other. Rotating movement under the driving of the front roller, the ultra-short and soft fiber strands move on the grid circle and are installed under the suction pipe.
  • There is a tension frame for adjusting the tension of the mesh ring.
  • the whisker Due to the contraction and polymerization of the airflow in the negative pressure pipe, the whisker is gathered by the suction groove on the suction pipe, and the opening direction of the suction groove and the advancing direction of the fiber strand are provided. Having a certain inclination offset angle, the flow of the airflow sucked into the suction trough intersects with the advancing direction of the fiber strand, so that when the airflow flows toward the accumulating zone, the fibers in the strip rotate to the center of the suction trough, Intertwined so that when the yarn of the fine yarn is spun, the lateral airflow enhances the aggregation of the fiber strands, so that the gathered ultrafine fibers are as close as possible to each other and finally form a cylinder, in order to ensure ultrafine
  • the yarn formed by the soft fiber is dry (the strip is rubbed against the grid ring) The factor can not be too large), and a better compact spinning effect can be obtained.
  • the suction pipe negative pressure can neither be too
  • the twisted winding forming portion is composed of a broken end suction device 17, a yarn guide hook 18, a spindle 19, a ring 20, a wire ring 21, and the like.
  • the spinning and twisting triangle region between the front roller and the twisting point is basically eliminated due to the suction groove, and the wire ring is supported by the cylinder.
  • the rotation of the tube along with the spindle makes the ultra-fine flexible short-staple yarns be twisted and twisted.
  • the yarn structure is tight and the yarn appearance The smoothness and hairiness are significantly reduced.
  • organic cotton, combed cotton, recycled cotton-viscose fiber as raw material, spinning 16.5tex organic cotton / combed cotton / recycled cotton - viscose fiber 50% / 25% / 25% poly-mixed Spinning, the main indicators for organic cotton are: grade 429, length 29mm, micronaire value 3.42, metric count 6563, maturity coefficient 1.40, single fiber strength 3.24cN, short pile rate 15.8%, moisture regain rate 8.23%, impurities 6.2%
  • the combed cotton is the cotton produced by the combing process of the ring spinning combing production line of Jiangsu Donghua Textile Co., Ltd.
  • the main indicators are: the average linear density of the fiber is 1.67dtex, the fiber breaking strength is 28.9cn/dtex, and the fiber average The length is 16.1mm and the short pile rate is 45.3%.
  • the recycled cotton is recycled after the recycled viscose fabric waste is obtained.
  • the main indicator is: the length of the recycled cotton-viscose fiber is between 26 and 28mm, the shortest. Between 16 and 17 mm, the average linear density is 1.37 dtex.
  • the three raw materials are subjected to clearing and carding and drawing process, and the cleaning and carding process design is mainly to discharge impurities, and the content of short and fine soft fibers is retained as much as possible to make mixed fiber slivers, and the dry weight of the raw strips is quantitatively designed. It is 16.5g/5m.
  • the four-needle cloth of the opening brush roller adopts the OK40 (3625*02690) card clothing produced by Jinlun Kechuang Co., Ltd. with small angle of the needle cloth, large tooth pitch and good surface finish after polishing, and the carding roller 4 at the same time.
  • the low speed should be selected and the speed should be 6100r/min.
  • the mixed fiber is separated into a single longitudinal parallel fiber due to the centrifugal force, and the impurities are in the fiber flow.
  • the outermost layer is quickly discharged through the discharge port 7, and the fiber flow is continuously separated by the high-speed opening roller 4.
  • the single fibers separated in the longitudinal direction will encounter the outer and lower shroud fiber outlet-aggregation grooves of the opening roller, and go out of the circular outlet 23 along the inclined surface 22 (the inclined angle is designed as 15 mm) in the collecting groove. Designed as 16mm), into the fiber tube 8 (diameter design is 14mm), the parallel fiber bundle depends on the negative pressure in the fiber tube and enters the output end of the 8 fiber tube along the arched pipe.
  • the width of the wind slot is 1.5mm, the spacing between the slotted slot and the grid ring is designed to be 1mm), and the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure chamber 11 in the negative pressure tube 12 under the pile slot 9 (designed as 3000Pa)
  • the fibers in the pile slot 9 are rapidly collected at the suction groove 10 (optional D-shaped groove), and the fibers are arranged in parallel to form a compact cylindrical body, and the grid ring 13 is adjusted by adjusting the tension frame 14.
  • the tension position, under the rotation of the front roller 16, the mesh ring 13 drives the sliver to gradually walk out of the holding area of the front roller 16 and the front roller 15, and it is obvious that the spinning and twisting triangle is small, and the yarn is bypassed.
  • the bead ring 21 on the steel collar 20 is fed to the mixed fiber sliver by the rotation of the bobbin along with the spindle 19.
  • poly pile spun yarn twist coefficient is designed to be 360.8, designed as a spindle speed 13800r / min.
  • the twisted and woven yarn is regularly wound on the copper tube to obtain 16.5tex organic cotton/combed cotton/recycled cotton-viscose fiber 50%/25%/25% polyester blend yarn.
  • the main performance indexes of 16.5tex organic cotton/combed cotton/recycled cotton-viscose fiber 50%/25%/25% poly-wool blended yarn are: yarn breaking strength 240.8CN, yarn breaking strength 15.2CN/dtex, hairiness index 2.9, strip dry CV value 11.5%.
  • the actual linear density of the polyfilament spinning is controlled by the linear velocity R 1 (m/min) of the cotton feed roller, the quantitative Q 1 (g/5 m) of the fed sliver, and the discharge port.
  • the speed of the opening roller is controlled by a separate servo motor.
  • the rotation of the cotton roller and the front roller and the spindle are controlled by means of total motor and gear transmission.
  • the negative pressure inside the negative pressure tube By adjusting the negative pressure inside the negative pressure tube, the effect of the fiber strand on the suction groove can be controlled.
  • the device can be applied to any ultra-short and fine fiber, including various natural staple fiber, combed cotton, recycled cotton, and the newly developed pile spinning equipment has a short spinning process. ,effectiveness High and low process control points can reduce production costs and improve economic efficiency for spinning enterprises.

Abstract

一种短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置包括喂入部分、梳理除杂部分、输送集聚部分以及加捻卷绕成型部分；喂入部分包括上给棉板(1)、下给棉板(2)、给棉罗拉(3)以及调整上给棉板与下给棉板之间距离的调节机构；梳理除杂部分包括罩板以及设置在罩板内的分梳辊(4)，在罩板上设置有进料口、出料口以及排杂口(7)；输送集聚部分包括输纤管(8)、设置在输纤管末端的聚绒槽口(9)、开有吸风槽(10)的负压管(12)、位于负压管一侧的前罗拉(16)、套设在负压管和前罗拉上的网格圈(13)以及与前罗拉接触的前皮辊(15)。该装置兼顾紧密纺与环锭纺的优点，具有纺纱流程短、效率高、工艺控制点少，节约生产成本，最优化利用木棉、落毛、落棉、循环再生棉等超短细柔纤维的优点。

Description

短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置 技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域，具体是一种短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置。
背景技术
据初步统计，世界上棉纺环锭纺纱线约占纱线总量的62％以上，而以超短细柔纤维为纺纱原料的纱线比例仅仅为1％左右，然而国内在棉纺环锭纺上采用木棉、羊绒等超短细柔纤维作为纺纱原料的比例更是少之又少，即使是采用超短细柔纤维作为纺纱原料，一般依赖粗梳毛纺或转杯纺生产系统生产这些超短细柔纤维复合纱，但这两种纺纱方法所生产的纱线纱支较粗，手感较硬，混合不均，产品仅仅局限用于中低档机织面料。
在市场资源日趋紧张的今天，对于各种超短细柔纤维，特别是功能性的超短细柔纤维，在目前还不能被市场充分利用，即使运用在棉纺系统的长流程加工中，超短细柔纤维的最高含量只有小幅度的提高，大部分超短细柔纤维在开清棉、梳棉及其精梳工序中必须要成为落棉，否则进入后道工序如并条、粗纱、细纱工序中，无法顺利实现牵伸，超短细柔纤维纱线加工技术难点在于纤维长度短、且纤维长度不匀性差、纤维强力低。类似于木棉等功能性绿色环保纤维，因其长度较短、强度较低、抱合较差，用传统环锭纺的纺纱工艺难以单独纺纱，目前有许多纺织科研人员通过在各道纺纱工序设备上进行长流程的聚绒纺技术改造，如对超细柔纤维进行预处理，改善该类纤维的可纺性；开清棉采用短流程，适当减小开松及落棉部分的隔距，降低打击部件的转速；梳棉设备上抬高锡林位置，工艺上降低刺辊速度；并条采用自调匀整装置，牵伸区增加附加摩擦力界，缩小罗拉隔距，增大胶辊加压等措施；粗纱采用高效假捻器，适当增大粗纱捻系数减小牵伸隔距，增大摇架压力；细纱适当降低锭子和前罗拉速度，采用新的胶圈和胶圈销，积极减少纱线毛羽。但这种聚绒纺技术改造的工序多、成本高、工艺仍然难于控制，超短细柔纤维的含量虽能有所增加，条干、毛羽、强力等纱线质量指标在一定程度上有所提高，但仍然不能获得理想的超短细柔纤维高混纺比的优质纱线。
因此开发一种短流程、高效、无牵伸的聚绒纺纱装置具有重大的应用价值，能最大化的为正在转型升级的纺织企业带来巨大的机遇，节约生产成本，最优化 利用木棉、落毛、落棉、循环再生棉等超短细柔纤维，并能纺制出集紧密纺、环锭纺优点于一身的聚绒纺纱。
发明内容
为解决现有的聚绒纺技术不够成熟，存在工艺流程长、设备改造点多、工艺控制点多的难点，本发明提供一种纺纱流程短、效率高、工艺控制点少的适合超短细柔纤维纺纱的聚绒纺纱装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：包括喂入部分、梳理除杂部分、输送集聚部分以及加捻卷绕成型部分；所述喂入部分包括上给棉板、下给棉板、给棉罗拉以及调整所述上给棉板与下给棉板之间距离的调节机构；所述梳理除杂部分包括罩板以及设置在罩板内的分梳辊，在所述罩板上设置有进料口、出料口以及排杂口；所述输送集聚部分包括输纤管、设置在所述输纤管末端的聚绒槽口、开有吸风槽的负压管、位于所述负压管一侧的前罗拉、套设在所述负压管和前罗拉上的网格圈以及与所述前罗拉接触的前辊，在所述前罗拉与前辊之间形成送纤通道，所述聚绒槽口位于所述吸风槽上端，所述负压管内为与所述吸风槽连通的负压腔；所述给棉罗拉位于所述进料口的前端，所述输纤管的前端连接在所述罩板的出料口，所述加捻卷绕成型部分位于所述送纤通道的后方。
所述加捻卷绕成型部分包括导纱钩、锭子、钢领以及钢丝圈，所述钢领固定在所述锭子上，在所述钢领上设置所述钢丝圈，所述导纱钩设置在所述钢领的上方。
所述加捻卷绕成型部分还包括断头吸棉装置，该断头吸棉装置位于所述前罗拉的下方。
所述输送集聚部分还包括张力架，该张力架位于所述网格圈与负压管之间。
所述罩板包括上罩板和下罩板，所述排杂口设置在下罩板上，在上罩板与下罩板的连接处分别形成所述进料口和出料口。
所述前辊为皮辊。
所述输纤管为拱形圆管。
本发明短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，该装置可以适应各种超短细柔纤维的短流程纺纱，可直接将条子喂入，前道准备无粗纱工序。
本发明短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，去除传统环锭纺三罗拉双区牵伸机构装置，不存在牵伸摩擦力界分布不均对纤维控制的影响，对原料长度等特性指标的要求降低，更能适应短纤维原料高品质环锭纺纱。
本发明短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其成纱具有新型集聚环锭纺纱的所有优点，很好的降低短纤维纱线毛羽的产生，同时又能保持传统环锭纺纱结构紧密的优点。
本发明装置可用于各种超短细柔纤维进行聚绒纺纱，其最大特点在于：纺纱流程短、效率高、工艺控制点少，为纺纱企业节约生产成本，最优化利用木棉、落毛、落棉、循环再生棉等超短细柔纤维，本装置形成的聚绒纺纱兼顾紧密纺与环锭纺的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明主视结构示意图。
图2为图1的俯视结构示意图。
图3为凝聚槽内(分梳辊外上、下罩板输纤出口)结构示意图。
其中：1、上给棉板，2、下给棉板，3、给棉罗拉，4、分梳辊，5、上罩板，6、下罩板，7、排杂口，8、输纤管，9、聚绒槽口，10、吸风槽，11负压腔，12、负压管，13、网格圈，14、张力架，15、前皮辊，16、前罗拉，17、断头吸棉装置，18、导纱钩，19、锭子，20、钢领，21钢丝圈，22、斜面，23、圆形出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细说明：
如图1、图2所示，本发明聚绒纺纱装置，整个装置包括四个部分：由机后向机前分别是喂入部分、梳理除杂部分、输送集聚部分及其加捻卷绕成型部分。
整个装置的核心是输送集聚部分，喂入部分由上给棉板1、下给棉板2以及给棉罗拉3等组成。喂入部分起着将含超细柔短纤含量较高的条子输送给分梳辊，上、下给棉板通过有效的握持，均匀的将条子输送给给棉罗拉3，通过给棉罗拉3的旋转与下给棉罗拉的握持将纤维原料转移给分梳辊，上下给棉板的握持隔距通过调节机构可以调节，给棉罗拉可控制超细柔短纤喂入量。
梳理除杂部分由分梳辊4、上罩板5、下罩板6以及排杂口7等组成，梳理 除杂部分承担着分梳纤维及去除杂质的作用，当纤维原料在给棉罗拉与给棉板的握持作用下，利用被包覆有针布的回转分梳辊进行梳理，一方面使超细柔纤维开松成单根纤维，使杂质和纤维分离，提高单根纤维的伸直平行度，另一方面依靠杂质在高速运转时产生的离心力使杂质从排杂口顺利排出，纤维束离开排杂口后，纤维被继续分梳，形成高分离度、高平行度的纤维到达上下罩板出口处，上下罩板纤维输出路径设计为斜面(角度范围为10～15度)，上、下罩板和斜面的表面高度光滑，斜面长度为12～16mm，出口设计为圆形，直径为12～17mm，当分梳后的纤维一方面会随同分梳辊产生高离心力，而此时分梳辊外上、下罩板内壁表面速度较高，纤维将沿着内壁的周向平行排列，在离心力的作用下，滑向上、下罩板内壁最大直径处的凝聚槽内，这时便借助梳纤管内部的负压产的的抽吸力而顺利进入输纤管。
输送集聚部分由输纤管8、聚绒槽口9、前罗拉16、前皮辊15、网格圈13、张力架14、负压管12(含吸风槽15)以及负压腔11等组成。输纤管8的截面形状设计为圆形，直径范围在10～15mm，输纤管与分梳辊外的上、下罩板紧密相联，为了不至于超细柔短纤在输纤过程中纤维都集聚在聚绒槽口，输纤管采用拱形状设计，而为了使超短细柔纤维凝聚到吸风槽时有较高的纤维伸直平行度，聚绒槽口的形状设计为喇叭形窄条(矩形)，其宽度比吸风槽口的宽度稍大1～2mm，聚绒槽口与网格圈之间的间隔设计为0.8～1.2mm，当超短细柔纤维脱离聚绒槽口后吸附在吸风管外套的网格圈上，对于超短细柔纤维而言，纤维卷曲少，抱合力差，为了使超短细柔纤维在集聚区的凝聚，得到结构紧密的纱线，网格圈的目数设计要多，要控制在3300目/cm以上，网格圈套在吸风管、前罗拉及张力架的外侧，与前罗拉、吸风管紧靠，网格圈在前罗拉的带动下作旋转运动，超短细柔纤维须条在网格圈上运动，在吸风管下装有一张力架，用于调节网格圈的张力，由于负压管内气流的收缩和聚合作用，通过吸风管上吸风槽使须条集聚，吸风槽的开口方向与纤维须条的前进方向具有一定的倾斜偏移角度，使吸入到吸风槽内的气流流动与纤维须条前进方向相互交叉，从而气流在向集聚区流动时，须条中的纤维向吸风槽中心旋转交连，相互缠绕，使纺制较细纱号纱线时，横向气流对纤维须条的集聚作用增强，使集聚而成的超细柔短纤维之间尽可能平行靠近、最终形成圆柱体，为确保超细柔纤维形成的纱线条干好(须条与网格圈摩擦 因数不能太大)，又能获得较好的紧密纺效果，吸管负压既不能过大，也不能过小，吸管负压范围最好控制在2500～4000Pa之间。
加捻卷绕成型部分由断头吸棉装置17、导纱钩18、锭子19、钢领20、钢丝圈21等组成。当超细柔短纤维圆柱集合体走出前罗拉与前胶辊握持区域后，由于吸风槽的原因基本消除了前罗拉至加捻点之间的纺纱加捻三角区，钢丝圈依靠筒管随同锭子的旋转使得超细柔短纤维纱条进行回转加捻，相比同种原料的传统聚绒纺技术、转杯纺、喷气涡流纺等技术而言，成纱结构紧密，纱线外观光洁、毛羽明显减少。
以有机棉、精梳落棉、循环再生棉-粘胶纤维为原料，纺制出16.5tex有机棉/精梳落棉/循环再生棉-粘胶纤维50％/25％/25％聚绒混纺纱，选用有机棉主要指标为：品级429，长度29mm，马克隆值3.42，公制支数6563，成熟系数1.40，单纤维强力3.24cN，短绒率15.8％，回潮率8.23％，杂质6.2％；精梳落棉为江苏东华纺织有限公司环锭纺精梳品种生产线精梳工序产生的落棉，主要指标为：纤维平均线密度为1.67dtex，纤维断裂强度为28.9cn/dtex，纤维平均长度为16.1mm，短绒率为45.3％；循环再生棉为再生粘胶织物废物经过开清处理后获得，主要指标为：再生棉-粘胶纤维的长度最长在26～28mm之间，最短在16～17mm之间，平均线密度为1.37dtex。将这三种原料经过开清和梳棉、并条工序，开清和梳棉工艺设计以排出杂质为主，尽可能保留短细柔纤维的含量，制成混合纤维生条，生条干重定量设计为16.5g/5m。
16.5tex有机棉/精梳落棉/循环再生棉-粘胶纤维50％/25％/25％聚绒混纺纱纺纱过程为：将机棉/精梳落棉/循环再生棉-粘胶纤维50％/25％/25％混合纤维熟条放入上给棉板1和下给棉板2之间，通过给棉罗拉3的旋转握持作用下进入给棉罗拉3和下给棉板2之间的工作区域，熟条一端被有效握持，另一端逐渐被高速旋转的分梳辊4穿刺分梳，为了不至于对所用原料产生过多的损伤，同时又能形成有效的分梳作用，分梳辊4针布选用针布角度小、齿距大、抛光后针布表面光洁度好的由金轮科创股份有限公司生产的OK40(3625*02690)针布，同时分梳辊4应选择低速，速度选择为6100r/min，混合纤维在分梳辊的高速旋转梳理以及下罩板6的托持保护下，由于离心力作用，分离成单根纵向平行纤维，而杂质处于纤维流的最外层，通过排杂口7迅速排出，纤维流继续被高速分梳辊4分离， 纵向平行分离后的单根纤维将会遇到分梳辊外上、下罩板输纤出口-凝聚槽，沿着凝聚槽内的斜面22(斜面角度设计为15mm)走出圆形出口23(直径设计为16mm)，进入输纤管8(直径设计为14mm)，平行纤维束依靠输纤管内的负压力沿着拱形管道进入8输纤管的输出端聚绒槽口9(设计宽度比吸风槽口的宽度大1.5mm、聚绒槽口与网格圈之间的间隔设计1mm)，由于聚绒槽口9下负压管12内负压腔11产生的负压(设计为3000Pa)，聚绒槽口9内的纤维在吸风槽10(可选择D形槽)处便迅速集聚，纤维之间平行排列形成结构紧密的圆柱体，通过调整张力架14使网格圈13处于合适的张力位置，在前罗拉16的转动之下，网格圈13带动纱条逐渐走出前罗拉16与前皮辊15握持区域，很明显，纺纱加捻三角区很小，纱条绕过导纱钩18后，由钢领20上的钢丝圈21依靠筒管随同锭子19的旋转给混合纤维纱条进行加捻，若纱条断头后，被断头吸棉装置17迅速吸走，这时需要重新接头；聚绒纺纱线的捻系数设计为360.8，锭速设计为13800r/min。加捻后的聚绒纺纱线有规律的卷绕在铜管上，从而获得16.5tex有机棉/精梳落棉/循环再生棉-粘胶纤维50％/25％/25％聚绒混纺纱。
经测试，16.5tex有机棉/精梳落棉/循环再生棉-粘胶纤维50％/25％/25％聚绒混纺纱的主要性能指标为：成纱断裂强力240.8CN，成纱断裂强度15.2CN/dtex，毛羽指数2.9，条干CV值11.5％。
在本发明的实施过程中，聚绒纺纱的实际线密度受控于给棉罗拉的线速度R1(m/min)、喂入棉条的定量Q1(g/5m)、排杂口的排杂百分比A以及前罗拉的线速度R2(m/min)四个参数，新型聚绒纺纱线牵伸倍数T及其成纱实际干定量
Q2(g/100m)的计算公式如下：
T＝R1/R2
Q2＝200Q1R2/R1
通过更换分梳辊表面不同规格(齿形、工作角、齿高、齿顶面积和密度等参数)的针布可以获得不同的分梳效果，分梳辊的转速由单独伺服电机进行控制，给棉罗拉与前罗拉以及锭子的转动采用总电机及齿轮传动的方式进行控制，通过调节负压管内负压大小可以控制纤维须条在吸风槽处集聚效果。
因此本装置即可适用于任何超短细柔纤维，包括各种天然短纤、精梳落棉、循环利用的再生棉的聚绒纺纱生产，新开发的聚绒纺设备具有纺纱流程短、效率 高、工艺控制点少，能为纺纱企业减少生产成本，提高经济效益。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：包括喂入部分、梳理除杂部分、输送集聚部分以及加捻卷绕成型部分；所述喂入部分包括上给棉板、下给棉板、给棉罗拉以及调整所述上给棉板与下给棉板之间距离的调节机构；所述梳理除杂部分包括罩板以及设置在罩板内的分梳辊，在所述罩板上设置有进料口、出料口以及排杂口；所述输送集聚部分包括输纤管、设置在所述输纤管末端的聚绒槽口、开有吸风槽的负压管、位于所述负压管一侧的前罗拉、套设在所述负压管和前罗拉上的网格圈以及与所述前罗拉接触的前辊，在所述前罗拉与前辊之间形成送纤通道，所述聚绒槽口位于所述吸风槽上端，所述负压管内为与所述吸风槽连通的负压腔；所述给棉罗拉位于所述进料口的前端，所述输纤管的前端连接在所述罩板的出料口，所述加捻卷绕成型部分位于所述送纤通道的后方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述吸风槽的开口方向与纤维须条的前进方向倾斜偏移设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述加捻卷绕成型部分包括导纱钩、锭子、钢领以及钢丝圈，所述钢领固定在所述锭子上，在所述钢领上设置所述钢丝圈，所述导纱钩设置在所述钢领的上方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述加捻卷绕成型部分还包括断头吸棉装置，该断头吸棉装置位于所述前罗拉的下方。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述输送集聚部分还包括张力架，该张力架位于所述网格圈与负压管之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述罩板包括上罩板和下罩板，所述排杂口设置在下罩板上，在上罩板与下罩板的连接处分别形成所述进料口和出料口。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述前辊为皮辊。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程无牵伸聚绒纺纱装置，其特征在于：所述输纤管为拱形圆管。
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