WO2017005103A1 - 通用海上平台及其浮力调节方法和稳定发电方法 - Google Patents

通用海上平台及其浮力调节方法和稳定发电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017005103A1
WO2017005103A1 PCT/CN2016/087050 CN2016087050W WO2017005103A1 WO 2017005103 A1 WO2017005103 A1 WO 2017005103A1 CN 2016087050 W CN2016087050 W CN 2016087050W WO 2017005103 A1 WO2017005103 A1 WO 2017005103A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
water
floating body
air
tank
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/087050
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周剑辉
Original Assignee
周剑辉
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 周剑辉 filed Critical 周剑辉
Priority to JP2018504792A priority Critical patent/JP6604706B2/ja
Priority to AU2016289172A priority patent/AU2016289172B2/en
Publication of WO2017005103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017005103A1/zh
Priority to US15/873,869 priority patent/US10442506B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/16—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring using winches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/10—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy
    • B63B43/12—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy using inboard air containers or inboard floating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4426—Stationary floating buildings for human use, e.g. floating dwellings or floating restaurants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2207/00—Buoyancy or ballast means
    • B63B2207/02—Variable ballast or buoyancy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a universal offshore platform, a buoyancy regulating method thereof and a stable power generation method.
  • the hull is very Most of the structural materials are added to cope with wind and waves and ensure the strength of the hull structure. However, the increased material increases the structural strength and increases the self-weight, which in turn requires a larger drainage volume, forming a vicious circle, so that the traditional ship or All kinds of ship-type platforms have high manufacturing technical requirements and a large amount of materials, which makes the space available for effective use expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a universal offshore platform which can be used independently or as a component of a super-large-scale offshore base or a sea city. It is less affected by the movement of the waves, and its structural body is under various sea conditions. The internal stress changes little or can be controlled.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a buoyancy adjustment method based on a universal offshore platform.
  • the mutual adjustment and adjustment of each structure can flexibly adjust the buoyancy configuration according to the load change of the platform to fully ensure the stability of the platform.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a stable power generation system based on a general offshore platform, which fully utilizes the energy generation of ocean waves, and greatly reduces the cost of the usual use of the general offshore platform.
  • a universal offshore platform characterized in that it comprises a truss main body constituting a support system of the platform; the truss main body is mainly a three-dimensional stable rigid support body connected by long rod-shaped members, and water is distributed from bottom to top a three-layer structure of a lower layer, a water surface layer and a water layer; it comprises a first floating body assembly fixed to the underwater layer and providing more than 90% buoyancy for the floating of the platform, and is disposed in the water surface layer and connected to the truss main body through the vibration damping structure and The first floating body assembly cooperates with the second floating body assembly for ensuring the floating of the platform, and further comprises a plurality of sporadic single floating bodies suspended from the water layer when the empty can is suspended, the scattered single floating body can be continuously lowered into the water during the liquid storage, and can be fixed in the water.
  • the first floating body assembly Used as a first single floating body in the lower layer; the first floating body assembly includes a plurality of first single floating bodies located in the underwater layer, and the second floating body assembly includes a plurality of second single floating bodies disposed on the water surface layer, the first The two single floating bodies include a drainage floating body and each of the drainage floating bodies pulls three or more damping structures.
  • a buoyancy adjusting method for a universal offshore platform in which a first pressure-resistant tank body of each first single floating body stores water, and a common high-pressure water pipe connects the first pressure-resistant tanks to each other, and the high-pressure gas source passes through a common high pressure.
  • the air duct fills each of the first pressure-resistant tanks with high-pressure air and balances the mutual pressure, so that the amount of water stored in each of the first pressure-resistant tanks is the same to obtain a buoyancy balance;
  • the sporadic single floating body When the number of the first single floating body fixed in the underwater layer is constant, the sporadic single floating body is called as a water storage tank, and the water from the first pressure resistant tank is introduced into the water storage tank, and the amount of water entering the water storage tank Increasingly, gradually lowering the water storage tank to the water to obtain the buoyancy balance of the gravity of the water storage tank, the platform buoyancy is increased; if it is necessary to reduce the buoyancy, the high pressure air is used to press the water of the water storage tank to the public low-pressure water pipeline, and at the same time reduce the water.
  • the water in the water tank is introduced into the first resistance In the pressure tank body, as the amount of water in the water storage tank is continuously reduced, the water storage tank is gradually raised until returning to the water layer to restore the zero-single floating body, and the platform buoyancy is reduced;
  • the sporadic single floating body is used as the first single floating body, and the added first single floating body is stored and then lowered to the underwater layer and fixed in the first single floating body.
  • a pressure tank body is at the same level, and then the high pressure air is introduced into the first pressure tank of the first single floating body to reduce the amount of water until the added first pressure tank reaches the required buoyancy, that is, the access is stopped.
  • the high-pressure air is then adjusted to balance the air pressure in the first pressure-resistant tank with the air pressure of each first pressure-resistant tank and communicate with each other, and the platform buoyancy is increased; when the selected first single floating body is decompressed first After adding water, the connection with the underwater layer is released to become a water storage tank, and then the high-pressure air is introduced to press the water of the water storage tank to the public low-pressure water pipeline until the tank body is lifted to the water layer to become a sporadic single floating body, and the buoyancy of the platform is reduced. .
  • a stable power generation method for a universal offshore platform which determines the minimum output pressure value of the vibration damping structure by the pressure value of the high pressure air in the first floating body assembly and the common high pressure air pipe, and controls and maintains the high pressure in the first floating body assembly and the common high pressure air pipe
  • the air pressure is stabilized, and the water flow or gas flow pumped to the public high-pressure water pipe or the common high-pressure air pipe according to the vibration-damping structure is turned on to generate a corresponding number and power of the hydro-generator or the gas expansion generator/screw expansion generator, so that
  • the water flow or gas flow for power generation is matched with the water flow or gas flow injected by the damping structure, and at the same time, the water circulation flow balance of the public high pressure water pipe and the public low pressure water pipe is ensured to ensure the internal high pressure of the first floating body assembly and the common high pressure.
  • the high pressure air pressure in the air duct is stable at the set value.
  • the floating body components installed in different positions can not actively change the drainage volume of the platform, greatly reducing the impact of the platform on the movement of the waves.
  • the platform is relatively stable at sea, and the load stress changes are small;
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a connection between the first floating body assembly and the gas storage assembly in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cutaway plan view of an embodiment of a first single float.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a second floating body assembly.
  • Figure 7 is a partial schematic view of I in Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a sporadic single float.
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the connection structure of the embodiment shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 10 is a horizontal projection view of A-A in Figure 3.
  • Figure 11 is a horizontal projection view of B-B in Figure 3.
  • Figure 12 is a C-C horizontal projection view of Figure 3.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a horizontal projection of a platform of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a linear reciprocating water pump of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing D-D, E-E, F-F, and G-G of Fig. 15;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the application of the structure shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is a block diagram showing the construction of an anchoring assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram showing the connection structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram showing the connection structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 01 truss main body 011 underwater layer, 012 water surface layer, 013 water layer, 014 connecting rod, 015 plane connecting rod, 016 inclined connecting rod, 017 cylindrical cavity A, 018 cylindrical cavity B, 02 A floating body assembly, 021 first single floating body, 0211 first pressure tank, 0212 first inlet and outlet pipe, 0213 first inlet and outlet air pipe, 0214 first water level sensor, 0215 first air pressure sensor, 0216 structural connecting rod , 0217 outer connector, 02171 connector, 0218 fixed cable or chain, 022 guide wheel, 03 second floating body assembly, 031 second single floating body, 0311 drainage floating body, 0312 connector, 03121 connector, 03122 connector, 03.123 million Section, 0313 fixed pulley, 0314 steel rope component, 04 public high pressure air pipeline, 05 control valve, 06 pressure relief valve, 07 vibration damping structure, 071 linear reciprocating dual purpose pump, 0711 three-way control valve A, 0712 three-way control Valve B, 072 linear reciprocating pump, 073 linear reciprocating air pump,
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 17 are schematic diagrams showing an embodiment of a universal offshore platform provided by the present invention.
  • a universal offshore platform as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, comprising a truss body (01) constituting a support system of the platform; the truss body (01) is distributed with an underwater layer (011) and a water surface layer from bottom to top ( 012) and a water layer (013) three-layer structure; the underwater layer refers to a portion of the truss body that is always under water, the water surface layer refers to a portion of the truss body that is in the water surface active area, and the water layer refers to the truss body at the surface of the water a portion above the active area of the wave; it also includes a first floating body assembly (02) fixed in the underwater layer (011) and providing more than 90% buoyancy for the floating of the platform, and being disposed in the water surface layer (012) and passing through
  • the vibrating structure 07 is connected to the truss main body (01) to cooperate with the first floating body assembly (02) to ensure that the platform floats Two floating body components (03).
  • the universal offshore platform further includes a gas storage assembly 14 including a plurality of gas storage tanks 141 and one or more air compressors 142 connected to the gas storage tank 141.
  • the gas tank inlet is connected to the compressed air outlet of the air compressor 142 through a valved air line 143.
  • the gas storage component is disposed in the water layer.
  • the gas storage tanks can be directly connected through the air pipe with valves.
  • the gas storage tanks are connected to other gas sources or gas-demanding equipment through the air pipes with valves; further, the structure and specifications of the gas storage tanks are basically the same as the first single floating body.
  • the pressure resistance can be appropriately increased, and it is placed upside down in the cavity of the water layer above the first single floating body so that the pipe interface is facing downward, and the first inlet and outlet pipe corresponding to the first single floating body is used as the inlet and outlet air pipe here. It is connected to the air compressor, and its own inlet and outlet air pipes are connected with the common high-pressure air pipe; the gas storage tank is fixedly connected with the water layer of the main body of the truss.
  • the gas storage component can also directly select a plurality of first single floating bodies, the first inlet and outlet water pipes of the selected first single floating body are closed with the communication pipes of the public high pressure water pipe, and the first inlet and outlet air pipes are connected with the common high pressure air pipe.
  • the standby high pressure air pressure is higher than the air pressure of the first floating body in normal operation.
  • the universal offshore platform further includes a common high pressure air duct (04) connected to the high pressure air source via a control valve (05), the common high pressure air duct (04) being provided with a pressure relief valve (06);
  • the first floating body assembly (02) includes a plurality of first single floating bodies (021) at the same level of the underwater layer (011);
  • the first single floating body (021) includes a first pressure resistant can body (0211), a first inlet and outlet water conduit (0212) communicating with the bottom of the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211), and a first inlet and outlet air conduit (0213) communicating with the top of the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211), a first water level sensor (0214) in the first pressure tank (0211) and a first air pressure sensor (0215) disposed on the top of the first pressure tank (0211), the first inlet and outlet pipe (0212) ) is connected to the water source through a control valve (05), which is connected to the common high-pressure air line (04) through a control valve (05).
  • the universal offshore platform truss main body (01) is a three-dimensional stable rigid support body mainly connected by elongated rod members, and the horizontal projection of the truss main body (01) A regular hexagonal honeycomb structure having a regular triangular mesh as a wall thickness;
  • the truss body (01) includes a connecting member (014) vertically disposed and horizontally projected to form each node of the equilateral triangle mesh, horizontally arranged and horizontally Projecting a planar connecting rod member (015) constituting each side of the equilateral triangle mesh and a bevel connecting rod member (016) obliquely connected between the two connecting rod members (014), the planar connecting rod member (015) a multi-layered equilateral triangle mesh;
  • the horizontal projection of the water surface layer (012) is composed of two regular hexagons separated by an equilateral triangle mesh, and each large-size regular hexagon is interspersed with an equilateral triangle mesh and A plurality of small-sized
  • the first single floating body (021) is divided into the cylindrical cavity A (017); the first single floating body (021) further includes a structural connecting rod member (0216) and an outer connecting seat (0217);
  • the first inlet and outlet water conduit (0212) and the first inlet and outlet air conduit (0213) vertically penetrate from the top of the first pressure-resistant tank (0211) and extend to the bottom of the first pressure-resistant tank (0211);
  • the inlet and outlet water pipe (0212), the first inlet and outlet air pipe (0213), and the structural connecting rod member (0216) constitute a bracket for reinforcing the structural strength of the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211) in the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211).
  • the bracket is fixedly connected to the tank wall of the first pressure tank (0211); an outer joint (0217) is disposed on the outer wall of the first pressure tank (0211), and each outer joint (0217) is connected with the truss body (01)
  • a pair of fixed ropes or chains (0218) connected to each other and extending upward and downward, the outer joint (0217) being provided with a joint (02171) connectable to the fixed rope or chain (0218).
  • the horizontal projection of the main body of the bracket has a regular hexagonal outer contour and an inner equal division into six equilateral triangles, and a plurality of structural connecting rods located at different horizontal planes form a horizontal connection structure of two or more layers of the main body of the bracket, each layer Horizontal connection
  • the structure is connected to the inner wall of the first pressure-resistant can body (0211) by the structural connecting rod which is horizontally disposed and the outer end head is fixed with the reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate and the outer connecting seat are passed through the first pressure-resistant can body.
  • the threaded connection structure is fixedly sealed.
  • the first pressure tank (0211) is a sealed long cylindrical container with pressure resistance; and seven nodes in the horizontal projection of the bracket are formed. There are seven first inlet and outlet pipes (0212) and a first inlet and outlet air pipe (0213) with sufficient strength and pressure resistance, and the top (end) is introduced into the first pressure tank (0211).
  • the six penetration pipes are the first inlet and outlet pipes (0212), forming six nodes of a regular hexagon, and the first inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the first withstand voltage
  • the bottom of the tank (the other end) is open, and the remaining penetrating pipe is the inlet and outlet air pipe (0213), which is located at the center of the regular hexagonal layout and also reaches the bottom of the first pressure tank and is located in the first pressure tank.
  • the upper part of the bracket has a plurality of venting holes; the sides of the horizontal projection of the bracket are twelve structural connecting rods (0216) extending horizontally and correspondingly connected to the penetrating pipes, and each of the twelve structural connecting rods Forming a horizontal connection structure in the main body of the bracket, according to the height of the main body of the bracket There are two or more horizontal connection structures.
  • Each horizontal connection structure is horizontally disposed and the outer connecting end is fixed with a reinforcing plate, and the structural connecting rod is in contact with the inner wall of the first pressure-resistant tank, forming a six-contact point with the first pressure-resistant tank;
  • the reinforcing plate is provided with a bolt
  • the hole is connected with the outer connecting seat by a connecting bolt, and the shell of the cylindrical outer casing is clamped, and the connecting bolt is provided with a leakage preventing measure.
  • Each of the first pressure-resistant can bodies is provided with at least two layers, that is, twelve outer connecting seats; each of the first pressure-resistant can bodies is led by each outer connecting seat by two steel chains, one obliquely upward and one obliquely downward, respectively Corresponding to the connection seat provided on the connecting rod of the truss main body.
  • the portion of the penetrating pipe extending outside the first pressure tank is still provided with several horizontal joint structures to ensure the stability of the structure of the protruding portion.
  • the six inlet and outlet pipes are connected to each other and connected to the public high-pressure water pipe; the central inlet and outlet air pipes are connected with the public high-pressure air pipe; the water level and air in the first pressure-resistant tank are monitored by the first water level sensor and the first air pressure sensor. Pressure, adjust the water level in the first pressure tank according to the load, and change the buoyancy provided by the first pressure tank to the truss body.
  • each of the guide wheel sets includes a ring-shaped first pressure-resistant tank body evenly spaced and the wheel and the first pressure-resistant tank A plurality of guide wheels 022 that conform to the outer contour.
  • a guide wheel 022 is provided in the middle of each layer of the planar connecting rod.
  • the vibration damping structure is a linear reciprocating water pump (072) that is pulled by the second floating body assembly (03); when a linear reciprocating water pump (072) is provided, the water source is via a linear reciprocating water pump (072) and An inlet and outlet pipe (0212) is connected.
  • the offshore general platform further includes a public high pressure water pipe (08) and a public low pressure water pipe (09) connected to the common low pressure water pipe (09) through a control valve (05),
  • the public low-pressure water pipe (09) is open to the atmosphere, and the water source connected to the first inlet and outlet pipe is preferably fresh water, the water source is from a public low-pressure water pipe (09); when a linear reciprocating water pump (072) is provided, The water inlet of the linear reciprocating water pump (072) is connected to a common low-pressure water pipe (09), and the water outlet of the linear reciprocating water pump (072) passes through a common high-pressure water pipe (08) and a first inlet and outlet pipe (0212).
  • the universal offshore platform further includes a plurality of sporadic single floating bodies (10) suspended from the water layer (013) while being empty and continuously lowered in the water during storage, the sporadic single floating body (10) being fixable to the underwater layer (011) )in.
  • the sporadic single floating body (10) comprises a sporadic pressure tank (101), a lifting device (102) for controlling the lifting and lowering of the sporadic pressure tank (101), and a spline connected to the bottom of the tank of the sporadic pressure tank (101).
  • the star inlet and outlet water conduit (103) is connected to the public low pressure water conduit (09) via a control valve (05) and/or to a common high pressure water conduit (08) via a control valve (05), the sporadic inlet and outlet air conduit (104) It is connected to the common high-pressure air pipe (04) through the control valve (05).
  • the structure 10 of the sporadic single floating body is substantially the same as the structure of the first single floating body 021, and is always hoisted and fixed to the upper portion of the cylindrical cavity A when not in use, and is not in contact with water.
  • the sporadic single float can provide backup safe buoyancy for the platform when some of the first single floats are not available or in inclement weather, and can also be used as a water storage tank for storing water.
  • a sporadic inlet and outlet water pipe and a sporadic inlet and outlet air pipe are connected with a retractable pressure-resistant hose, and the lifting device is used to control the lifting of the sporadic pressure-resistant tank; Sink to obtain the buoyancy balance of its own weight, until the cylindrical shell sinks into the water, leaving only sporadic water inlet and outlet pipes and sporadic inlet and outlet air pipes.
  • high-pressure air is introduced to press out fresh water; with water, the sprinkler pressure tank rises continuously. Until it is lifted out of the water, it will eventually rise to the water layer. In this way, when the sporadic single floating body is used as a water storage tank, the overall load of the universal offshore platform will not be greatly changed.
  • the second floating body assembly (03) includes a plurality of second single floating bodies (031) disposed in each of the cylindrical cavities B (018), and the second single floating body (031) includes drainage.
  • the vertical central axis of the cavity B (018) is uniformly distributed around the center of the circle, and the second single floating body (031) includes a truss main body (01) fixed under the drainage floating body (0311) and corresponding to the vibration damping structure.
  • the connection between the fixed pulley and the main body of the truss is detachable, and if necessary, it can be lifted out to repair and maintain the water surface.
  • each second single floating body Since the drainage floating body of each second single floating body is simultaneously restrained by three or more directions of three or more steel rope members, regardless of how the sea waves change, the drainage floating body will work in the resultant direction of the binding force, and each second single floating body
  • the drainage buoy can react to the movement of the waves alone, absorb the energy of the waves while providing buoyancy to the main body of the truss, and the volume of the drainage buoy determines the maximum force under any sea conditions, which is fundamental It prevents the damage of the platform caused by the movement of the waves.
  • each of the drainage floats is provided with three linear reciprocating water pumps disposed in the equilateral triangular cavity beside the columnar cavity B of the water layer, and each linear reciprocating water pump is pulled by a group of steel rope members;
  • the drainage floating body is disposed at the bottom of the water surface layer, the upper portion of the drainage floating body is a cylindrical spherical top portion and the lower portion thereof is an inverted cone body, and the upper and lower portions are integral.
  • the connector (0312) includes a connecting member (03121) fixedly connected to the drainage floating body (0311), a connecting plate (03122) disposed under the connecting member (03121), and a connecting member (03121). And a universal joint (03123) or a steel ring chain between the connecting plate (03122); the bottom surface of the connecting plate (03122) is provided with three or more steel wire interfaces arranged in pair with the vibration damping structure.
  • the universal joint is a two-axis cross-stack structure, and the steel chain chain has three or more steel rings connected in sequence. A plurality of steel cord interfaces disposed on the bottom surface of the lands are centered around the midpoint of the lands, and are equally spaced and arranged.
  • Each steel rope interface can be connected with a set of steel rope members composed of a plurality of steel ropes, and a plurality of steel ropes are also regarded as one work, and each set of steel rope members is guided by a corresponding pulley set corresponding to the underwater layer of the main body of the truss.
  • the number of slides of the pulley corresponds to the number of steel ropes, and finally the corresponding linear reciprocating water pump is pulled.
  • a plurality of branch water pipes are connected between the public high pressure water pipe (08) and the public low pressure water pipe (09), and the branch water pipe is provided with a water turbine generator (11).
  • the universal offshore platform further includes a living living compartment disposed on the water layer, wherein the living living compartment is a space for living and living formed by locking the light-weight board on the water layer rod, and the lightweight board is sufficient A material that has less strength and density than water and does not absorb water.
  • the universal offshore platform also includes an important equipment cargo compartment disposed on the water level, the important equipment cargo compartment adopts a watertight compartment structure and is provided with a ventilation duct.
  • the cargo bay of the important equipment is provided with an outer joint structure for connection to the truss body by a steel chain.
  • the universal offshore platform further includes one or more anchoring assemblies, the anchoring assembly including a subsea pile (131) fixed to the shallow seabed, and a hoist (132) fixed on the water layer (013). And an anchor chain (133) connected between the subsea pile (131) and the hoist (132) and controlled by the hoist (132).
  • the anchoring system can improve the efficiency of the second floating body component to absorb the wave energy; relax and tighten the anchor chain according to the tide rise and the tide, so that the universal offshore platform can At any time in the best buoyancy state, and can have a fixed height reference point, improve the efficiency of the second floating body assembly.
  • the general offshore platform When the general offshore platform is active and in the deep sea area, the number of water storage tanks is increased, and after the water is filled, it is fixedly connected with the main body of the truss, thereby increasing the overall quality of the general offshore platform, and also improving the energy of the second floating body component to the sea wave. Absorption efficiency.
  • the universal offshore platform further includes a buoyancy control device that displays the working state of the platform in real time and can perform work control of the corresponding device, and one or more submerged water level sensors that monitor the draft depth of the truss main body (01); the control valve (05) and the pressure relief The valve (06) is an automatic control valve; the buoyancy control device is respectively connected with each water level sensor, each pressure sensor and each automatic control valve, according to the draft height of the truss main body (01), each first pressure resistant tank body (0211) and sporadic
  • the condition of the air pressure and the water level in the pressure-resistant tank body (101) realizes the state adjustment between the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211) and the sporadic pressure-resistant tank body (101) and the buoyancy balance adjustment of the truss main body (01) .
  • the buoyancy adjustment method of the universal offshore platform includes the following specific contents:
  • the first pressure-resistant tank (0211) of each first single floating body (021) stores water in the tank, and the common high-pressure water pipeline (08) connects the first pressure-resistant tanks (0211) to each other, and the high-pressure gas source passes through
  • the common high-pressure air pipe (04) is filled with high-pressure air to each of the first pressure-resistant tanks (0211) and balances the mutual pressure, so that the amount of water stored in the tanks of the first pressure-resistant tank (0211) is the same to obtain the buoyancy.
  • the sporadic single floating body (10) is called for use as a water storage tank, and is introduced from the water connection in the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211).
  • the water storage tank As the amount of water entering the water storage tank increases, the water storage tank is gradually lowered into the water to obtain the gravity of the buoyancy balance storage tank, and the buoyancy of the platform is increased; when the high pressure air is used, the water of the water storage tank is pressed
  • the public low-pressure water pipe (09) while reducing the power generation capacity of the hydro-generator (11), the water in the water storage tank is introduced into the first pressure-resistant tank (0211), and the amount of water in the water storage tank is continuously reduced. Gradually lifting the water tank until returning to the water layer (013) to restore the zero star single floating body (10), the platform buoyancy is reduced;
  • the sporadic single floating body (10) is called as the first single floating body, and the first single floating body is added to the water and then lowered to the underwater layer and fixed in the first single
  • the first pressure-resistant tank body (0211) of the floating body (021) is at the same level, and then the first pressure-resistant tank body is added with the first single-floating body to introduce high-pressure air to reduce the amount of water until the first pressure-resistant tank body is added.
  • the high-pressure air is stopped, and the air pressure in the first pressure-resistant tank is adjusted to be balanced with the air pressure of each first pressure-resistant tank (0211), and the mutual buoyancy is increased;
  • the selected first single floating body (021) is first depressurized and added with water, and then the connection with the underwater layer (011) is released to become a water storage tank, and then the high pressure air is introduced to press the water of the storage tank to the public low pressure water pipe.
  • the buoyancy of the platform is reduced until the tank is lifted to the water layer (013) to become a sporadic single float.
  • the stable power generation method of the universal offshore platform includes the following specific contents:
  • the minimum output pressure value of the vibration damping structure is determined by the pressure values of the high pressure air in the first floating body assembly (02) and the common high pressure air pipe (04), and the first floating body assembly (02) and the common high pressure air pipe (04) are controlled and maintained.
  • the internal high pressure air pressure is stabilized, and the corresponding amount and power of the hydroelectric generator (11) or gas is turned on according to the water flow or the gas flow pumped to the common high pressure water pipe (08) or the common high pressure air pipe (04) according to the vibration damping structure.
  • the expansion generator/screw expansion generator (12) generates electricity, so that the water flow or gas flow for power generation matches the water flow or gas flow injected by the vibration damping structure, and at the same time ensures the public high pressure water pipe (08) and the public low pressure.
  • the water flow circulation flow balance of the water pipe (09) ensures that the high pressure air pressure in the first floating body assembly (02) and the common high pressure air pipe (04) is stabilized at a set value.
  • the buoyancy control device is a computer system including a host, a display, etc., which can display the underwater layer and the water surface plan of the platform in real time, and each of the first single floating body and the second single floating body number corresponds to The figure shows that the water level and pressure status of each first single floating body are displayed in real time, and the working status of each second single floating body is displayed.
  • the switching status of each control valve and pressure relief valve is displayed, and the valve and pressure relief valve can be switched and controlled according to the need.
  • the pressure of the gas tank shows the state of the sporadic single float.
  • the platform provides most of the required buoyancy from the first floating body assembly, and the second floating body assembly provides the final, small amount of buoyancy that determines the general offshore platform to float on the surface, and the sporadic single float provides backup safety buoyancy.
  • the optimal buoyancy state of the platform is that the first floating body assembly has just the water and the top, and the second floating body assembly has just obtained the buoyancy tensioning steel rope; at this time, the drainage volume of the truss main body is rigidly connected, and only the truss main body member itself in the wave active area The volume is minimally affected by the adverse effects of the movement of the waves.
  • the control purpose of the buoyancy control device is to increase or decrease the buoyancy obtained by the platform in time to cope with the load changes caused by various conditions, so that the platform is always in the best buoyancy state: a small amount of load increases, which can be directly reflected by the draught change of the second floating body assembly.
  • the water in the first pressure tank can be moved to the water tank called by the sporadic pressure tank, the amount of water in the first pressure tank has a certain amount of control, from the public
  • the low-pressure water pipeline leads the water to the water storage tank, and at the same time, the corresponding hydro-generator is turned on to increase the power generation, and at the same time, the first pressure-resistant tank is added with the volume of high-pressure air of the transferred water, that is, the water transfer is completed.
  • the common high-pressure air duct is disconnected from the first single floating body, and the first floating body of the first floating body assembly has the same water level, the same air pressure, the damage of the individual first single floating body, and the different first single floating body.
  • the difference in sealing capacity will cause the change of the relative internal water level and air pressure of the first first floating body.
  • the timing may selectively close the connection between the individual first floating body and the public high-pressure water pipe. The water level and pressure within the unit time should be no.
  • the buoyancy control device can make an accurate adjustment by timely monitoring the difference between the internal pressure and the internal water level between the individual first single floating body and the majority of the first single floating body, so that all the first single floating The water level in the body is the same, the air pressure is the same, and the changes are synchronized; separately pressing the individual first single floating body will lower the internal water level.
  • the buoyancy control device when the buoyancy of the platform is stable, the buoyancy control device can also be applied to stable power generation: the first pressure-resistant tank body to which the first floating body component belongs has high-pressure air, and the first inlet and outlet air pipe passes through the control valve.
  • the common high-pressure air pipe is connected to the gas storage tank through a control valve;
  • the first pressure-resistant tank body is filled with fresh water, and the first inlet and outlet water pipe is connected to the public high-pressure water pipe through the control valve;
  • the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the outlet of all the linear reciprocating water pumps via the control valve; the drainage of the second single floating body to which the second floating body component belongs Under the action of the waves, the three linear reciprocating pumps continuously pull out the high-pressure water flow and converge into the public high-pressure water pipeline;
  • the public high-pressure water pipeline aggregates the output high-pressure water flows of all the linear reciprocating pumps, and then distributes them to each turbine to generate electricity.
  • the turbine generator comprises a plurality of units of different power; the hydroelectric generator outlet pipe is connected with a public low-pressure water pipe, and the public low-pressure water pipe is connected with the inlet of all linear reciprocating pumps via a control valve, and the common low voltage
  • the water pipe is also connected with a plurality of branch pipes leading to the water layer opening to utilize the atmospheric pressure; the high pressure water pipe and the low pressure water pipe high pressure air pipe are provided with a main pipe and a branch pipe, and the three pipes are arranged in parallel; the power generation system is used. Water is used as a medium for transferring energy and is recycled.
  • the buoyancy control device can command the relevant control valve and the pressure relief valve to open and close, use the pressure relief valve and/or the different pressure gas storage tank to collectively raise the air pressure of all the first single floating bodies to which the first floating body component belongs or Lowering to accommodate higher wave height or increasing the sensitivity of the second floating body assembly; when the active control changes the air pressure in the first single floating body, it should be adjusted without changing the water level in the first single floating body, and the air pressure should be increased or decreased.
  • the first single floating body is synchronized. In the case that the internal pressure of the first floating body assembly is not actively adjusted, the power generation power adjustment is made according to the change trend of the air pressure in the first floating body assembly, and the continuous pressure increase in the first floating body assembly should increase the power generation output power.
  • the output power of the power generation should be reduced, and the power generated by the power can be matched with the power of the actual absorbed energy, so that a stable high-quality power output can be achieved.
  • the circulating water in the system is a relatively fixed amount, so it can also be adjusted according to the change of the water storage capacity of the public low-pressure water pipeline.
  • the different types of offshore platforms constructed by the present invention are determined by the functional requirements set by the platform, and the usual optimization result is that the overall horizontal projection of the offshore platform is positive.
  • the hexagonal shape has a side length greater than the height, and the set water surface height is the maximum up and down floating stroke of the drainage buoy of the second single floating body of the universal offshore platform of the model, and the size of the up and down floating stroke determines the wave to be adapted thereto. high.
  • the universal offshore platform is further provided with a driving system including a power system and a power cabin.
  • the power system of the universal offshore platform can use existing mature technologies, and can be equipped with various power systems, but the electric drive system is preferentially used.
  • the power cabin is a watertight compartment, the power system is placed in the power cabin, and the general offshore platform is provided with a plurality of power cabins.
  • the universal offshore platform should also be provided with various necessary accessory equipment, such as desalination equipment, lifting and hoisting equipment, environmental protection equipment, and the like.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a universal offshore platform provided by the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is:
  • the universal offshore platform damping structure is a linear reciprocating air pump (073) that is pulled by the second floating body assembly (03); when a linear reciprocating air pump (073) is provided, the linear reciprocating air pump (073) The air inlet is connected to the low pressure air source, and the air outlet of the linear reciprocating air pump (073) is connected to the common high pressure air duct (04).
  • the common high-pressure air duct (04) is connected to a plurality of branch air ducts, and the branch air ducts are provided with a gas expansion generator or a screw expansion generator (12).
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a universal offshore platform provided by the present invention.
  • the present embodiment and the embodiment 1 do not. The same thing is:
  • the vibration damping structure is a linear reciprocating dual-purpose pump (071) that is pulled by the second floating body assembly (03); when the linear reciprocating dual-purpose pump (071) is provided, the linear reciprocating dual-purpose pump ( The inlet and outlet of 071) are respectively provided with a three-way control valve B (0712) and a three-way control valve A (0711), and the first inlet of the three-way control valve A (0711) is connected to a water source, and the three-way control valve A (0711) a second inlet connected to the low pressure gas source, the outlet of the three-way control valve A (0711) being connected to the inlet of the linear reciprocating dual-purpose pump (071), the first of the three-way control valve B (0712) The outlet is connected to the first inlet and outlet water conduit (0212), the second outlet of the three-way control valve B (0712) is connected to the common high-pressure air conduit (04), and the inlet and the straight line of the three-way control valve B (0712) The outlet of
  • the common high-pressure air duct (04) is connected to a plurality of branch air ducts, and the branch air ducts are provided with a gas expansion generator or a screw expansion generator (12);

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Abstract

一种通用海上平台，包括构成平台的支撑体系的桁架主体（01）；桁架主体（01）主要由长条形杆件连接而成的三维稳定刚性支撑体,其由下而上分布有水下层（011）、水面层（012）和水上层（013）三层结构；它包括固设于水下层（011）且为平台的漂浮提供90％以上浮力的第一浮体组件（02），以及设于水面层（012）中且通过减振结构（07）连接于桁架主体（01）上与第一浮体组件（02）配合保证平台漂浮的第二浮体组件（03），还包括空罐时悬挂于水上层的若干零星单浮体（10）。该通用海上平台可独立使用，也可作为海上基地的组成单元；通过对各浮体组件的浮力调节，使平台受海浪运动的不利影响较小，保证了平台的稳定，并且利用了海浪的能量进行发电。

Description

通用海上平台及其浮力调节方法和稳定发电方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种通用海上平台及其浮力调节方法和稳定发电方法。
背景技术
长期以来，人类在海上的活动依赖于船舶，或与船舶类似的各类平台，它们获得浮力的排水空间通常为一连续的刚性整体，且排水体积很大部分就在海浪活动区。海浪运动通过主动改变排水体的实际排水量使船体得到的浮力处于动态变化之中，迫使船体不断上、下起伏运动，船的体积越大，船体承受的应力荷载变化越大，极端天气条件下，这种有害的应力荷载变化更是呈几何级增大，所以船舶的设计、制造对船舶的排水体形成的密闭空间要求极高，不得有缺陷、弱点，且应有足够的强度，船体的很大部分结构材料是为了应对风浪、保证船体结构强度而增加的，但是增加的材料在加强结构强度的同时也加大了自重，继而需要更大的排水体积，形成恶性循环，以致传统的船舶或各类船舶式的平台，制造技术要求高，材料用量多，形成有效可利用的空间昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种通用海上平台，它可独立使用，也可作为超大规模海上基地、海上城市的组成单元，它受海浪运动的不利影响小，其结构主体在各种不同的海况下，内部应力变化不大或可控制。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于通用海上平台的浮力调节方法，通过各结构的相互关联配合调节，根据平台承受的载荷变化，灵活调整浮力配置，充分保证平台的稳定。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种基于通用海上平台的稳定发电系统，充分利用海浪的能量发电，极大降低通用海上平台平常使用的成本。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现：
一种通用海上平台，其特征在于：它包括构成平台的支撑体系的桁架主体；所述桁架主体主要由长条形杆件连接而成的三维稳定刚性支撑体,其由下而上分布有水下层、水面层和水上层三层结构；它包括固设于水下层且为平台的漂浮提供90％以上浮力的第一浮体组件以及设于水面层中且通过减振结构连接于桁架主体上与第一浮体组件配合保证平台漂浮的第二浮体组件，还包括空罐时悬挂于水上层的若干零星单浮体，所述零星单浮体能在贮液时不断下放于水中，且能固设于水下层中充当第一单浮体使用；所述第一浮体组件包括若干个位于水下层的第一单浮体，所述第二浮体组件包括分置于水面层的若干个第二单浮体，所述第二单浮体包括排水浮体以及每个排水浮体拉动三个以上的减振结构。
一种通用海上平台的浮力调节方法，各第一单浮体的第一耐压罐体罐内都储存有水，公共高压水管道将各第一耐压罐体相互连通，高压气源通过公共高压空气管道向各第一耐压罐体充入高压空气并平衡相互间的压力，使各第一耐压罐体罐内部储存的水量相同以获得的浮力平衡；
当保持固定于水下层的第一单浮体数量不变时，调用零星单浮体作为储水罐使用，从第一耐压罐体内的水接引入储水罐中，随着进入储水罐的水量不断增加，逐渐下放储水罐至水中以获得浮力平衡储水罐的重力，则平台浮力增加；如需要减少浮力，则利用高压空气将储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道，同时减少水轮发电机的发电功率,则储水罐的水被引入第一耐 压罐体中，随着储水罐内的水量不断减少，逐渐上提储水罐直至返回至水上层恢复为零星单浮体，则平台浮力减少；
当改变固定于水下层的第一单浮体数量时，调用零星单浮体作为增设第一单浮体使用，将增设的第一单浮体储水后下放至水下层并固定在与第一单浮体的第一耐压罐体同一水平高度上，然后向增设的第一单浮体的第一耐压罐体通入高压空气以减少水量，直至增设的第一耐压罐体达到所需浮力即停止通入高压空气，然后调节增设的第一耐压罐体内的空气压力与各第一耐压罐体的空气压力相平衡并相互连通，则平台浮力增加；当将选定的第一单浮体先减压加水后解除与水下层的连接使之成为储水罐,再通入高压空气将该储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道直至罐体提升至水上层成为零星单浮体，则平台的浮力减少。
一种通用海上平台的稳定发电方法，通过第一浮体组件及公共高压空气管道内高压空气的压力值确定减振结构的最小输出压力值，控制并保持第一浮体组件及公共高压空气管道内高压空气压力的稳定，根据减振结构向公共高压水管道或公共高压空气管道泵送的水流量或气流量开启相应数量和功率的水轮发电机或气体膨胀发电机/螺杆膨胀发电机发电，让发电用的水流量或气流量与减振结构压入的水流量或气流量相匹配,并同时保证公共高压水管道和公共低压水管道的水流循环流量平衡,保证第一浮体组件内及公共高压空气管道内的高压空气压力稳定于设定值。
较之现有技术而言，本发明的优点在于：
(1)通过设置于不同位置的浮体组件，使海浪运动无法主动改变平台的排水体积，极大减少平台受到海浪运动的影响，平台在海上较平稳，其承受的载荷应力变化小；
(2)利用第一浮体组件内的空气压力，调节第一浮体组件内的水位，使得平台能根据载荷的不同很方便地调节第一浮体组件提供的浮力；
(3)合理利用减振结构，将波浪能量进行有效的收集、转化；
(4)设置零星单浮体作为后备结构，为储水和增加第一单浮体数量提供便利；
(5)有效利用收集的波浪能量发电，同时保护设备在压力转换时不被损坏；
(6)通过锚定组件使平台稳定设置于浅海区，并根据潮涨潮落及时调整锚链长度，令平台更好的收集波浪能量；
(7)基于通用海上平台的浮力调节方法，通过各结构的相互关联配合调节，根据平台承受的不同载荷，灵活调整浮力配置，充分保证平台的稳定；
(8)基于通用海上平台的稳定发电系统，充分利用海浪的能量发电，极大降低通用海上平台平常使用的成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种实施例的结构简图。
图2是图1实施例中第一浮体组件与储气组件的一种连接示意图。
图3是本发明另一种实施例的结构简图。
图4是第一单浮体的一种实施例的剖切简图。
图5是图4的俯视图。
图6是第二浮体组件的一种实施例的结构简图。
图7是图6中I局部简图。
图8是零星单浮体的一种实施例的结构简图。
图9是图3所示实施例的连接结构简图。
图10是图3中的A-A水平投影图。
图11是图3中的B-B水平投影图。
图12是图3中的C-C水平投影图。
图13是本发明一种平台的水平投影简图。
图14是本发明一种直线往复式水泵的结构简图。
图15是图15的D-D、E-E、F-F、G-G的剖视简图。
图16是图15所示结构的应用简图。
图17是本发明一种锚定组件的结构简图。
图18是本发明一种实施例的连接结构简图。
图19是本发明一种实施例的连接结构简图。
标号说明：01桁架主体、011水下层、012水面层、013水上层、014连通杆件、015平面连接杆件、016斜面连接杆件、017柱状空腔A、018柱状空腔B、02第一浮体组件、021第一单浮体、0211第一耐压罐体、0212第一进出水管道、0213第一进出空气管道、0214第一水位传感器、0215第一空气压力传感器、0216结构连接杆件、0217外连接座、02171接头、0218固定绳或链、022导轮、03第二浮体组件、031第二单浮体、0311排水浮体、0312连接头、03121连接件、03122连接盘、03123万向节、0313定滑轮、0314钢绳构件、04公共高压空气管道、05控制阀门、06泄压阀门、07减振结构、071直线往复式双用泵、0711三通控制阀A、0712三通控制阀B、072直线往复式水泵、073直线往复式气泵、08公共高压水管道、09公共低压水管道、10零星单浮体、101零星耐压罐体、102升降设备、103零星进出水管道、104零星进出空气管道、105零星水位传感器、106零星空气压力传感器、11水轮发电机、12气体膨胀发电机或者螺杆膨胀发电机、131海底桩、132卷扬机、133锚链、14储气组件、141储气罐、142空气压缩机、143空气管道、144储气压力传感器、15生活居住舱或重要设备货物舱、1601活塞杆、1602弹簧罩、1603复位弹簧、1604弹簧座、1605活塞杆定位导轮、1606拉杆座、1607拉杆、1608活塞、1609压缩缸体、1610进出水管道、1611滑轮、1612圆盘、1613受力轮轴、1614外部桁架连通杆件、1615活塞杆定位座框、1616缸体安装座连通杆件、1617拉杆接头、1618电动液压泵、1619弹簧升降塞、1620液压升降杆、1621连接杆件、1622连接板、1624单向阀门、1625高压出水管道、1626低压进水管道、1627上平面板、1628下平面板、(1605+1615+1621)活塞杆定位座、(1612+1616)缸体安装座、(1618+1619+1620)弹簧控制器。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和实施例对本发明内容进行详细说明：
实施例1：
如图1至图17所示为本发明提供的一种通用海上平台的实施例示意图。
如图1和图2所示一种通用海上平台，它包括构成平台的支撑体系的桁架主体(01)；所述桁架主体(01)由下而上分布有水下层(011)、水面层(012)和水上层(013)三层结构；所述水下层指桁架主体始终处于水下的部分，所述水面层指桁架主体处于水面海浪活动区域的部分，所述水上层指桁架主体处于水面海浪活动区域之上的部分；它还包括固设于水下层(011)中且为平台的漂浮提供90％以上浮力的第一浮体组件(02)以及设于水面层(012)中且通过减振结构07连接于桁架主体(01)上与第一浮体组件(02)配合保证平台漂浮的第 二浮体组件(03)。
在一优选方案中，如图2所示，所述通用海上平台还包括储气组件14，所述储气组件包括若干个储气罐141以及与储气罐141相连的一个以上空气压缩机142；储气罐进气口通过带阀门的空气管道143与空气压缩机142的压缩空气出口相连。所述储气组件设于水上层中。储气罐间可通过带阀门的空气管道进行直接连通，储气罐通过带阀门的空气管道与其他气源或需气设备相连；进一步的，储气罐的结构、规格与第一单浮体基本相近，可适当加强耐压能力，其倒置安放于第一单浮体上方的水上层空腔里使管道接口朝下，其相当于第一单浮体的第一进出水管道在此做为进出空气管道与空气压缩机连接，其本身的进出空气管道与公共高压空气管道连接；储气罐与桁架主体水上层固定连接。所述储气组件还可以直接选用多个第一单浮体，被选中的第一单浮体的第一进出水管道与公共高压水管道的连通管道关闭，第一进出空气管道与公共高压空气管道连通，其备用高压空气压力高于正常工作的第一浮体内的空气压力。
所述通用海上平台还包括公共高压空气管道(04)，所述公共高压空气管道(04)与高压气源通过控制阀门(05)相连，所述公共高压空气管道(04)设有泄压阀门(06)；所述第一浮体组件(02)包括若干个位于水下层(011)同一水平高度的第一单浮体(021)；所述第一单浮体(021)包括第一耐压罐体(0211)、与第一耐压罐体(0211)底部连通的第一进出水管道(0212)、与第一耐压罐体(0211)顶部连通的第一进出空气管道(0213)、设于第一耐压罐体(0211)内的第一水位传感器(0214)以及设于第一耐压罐体(0211)顶部的第一空气压力传感器(0215)，所述第一进出水管道(0212)与水源通过控制阀门(05)相连，所述第一进出空气管道(0212)与公共高压空气管道(04)通过控制阀门(05)相连。
如图3及图10至图13所示，所述通用海上平台桁架主体(01)是主要由长条形杆件连接而成的三维稳定刚性支撑体,所述桁架主体(01)的水平投影呈以正三角形网格为壁厚的正六边形蜂窝结构；所述桁架主体(01)包括竖向设置且水平投影构成正三角形网格的各个节点的连通杆件(014)、水平设置且水平投影构成正三角形网格的各个边的平面连接杆件(015)以及斜向连接于两连通杆件(014)之间的斜面连接杆件(016)，所述平面连接杆件(015)构成多层正三角形网格；所述水面层(012)的水平投影由以正三角形网格分隔出两种尺寸规格不同的正六边形构成，每个大尺寸正六边形隔着正三角形网格与多个小尺寸正六边形相邻；小尺寸正六边形的边长与正三角形的边长相等，大尺寸正六边形的边长为正三角形的边长的两倍；小尺寸正六角形为柱状空腔A(017)的水平投影，柱状空腔A(017)由水下层(011)底部连通至水上层(013)；大尺寸正六角形为柱状空腔B(018)的水平投影。
如图4所述第一单浮体(021)分置于柱状空腔A(017)内；所述第一单浮体(021)还包括结构连接杆件(0216)和外连接座(0217)；所述第一进出水管道(0212)和第一进出空气管道(0213)从第一耐压罐体(0211)顶部竖直穿入且延伸至第一耐压罐体(0211)底部；第一进出水管道(0212)、第一进出空气管道(0213)以及结构连接杆件(0216)在第一耐压罐体(0211)内构成加强第一耐压罐体(0211)结构强度的支架，所述支架与第一耐压罐体(0211)罐壁固定连接；第一耐压罐体(0211)外壁上设置外连接座(0217)，每个外连接座(0217)连接有与桁架主体(01)相连接且分别向上和向下延伸的一对固定绳或链(0218)，所述外连接座(0217)设有能与固定绳或链(0218)连接的接头(02171)。
进一步所述支架的主体的水平投影为外轮廓呈正六边形且内部被等分为六个正三角形，位于不同水平面的多根结构连接杆件构成支架主体的两层以上水平连接结构，每层水平连接 结构通过水平设置且外端头固定有增强板的结构连接杆件与第一耐压罐体(0211)内壁相接触顶靠，增强板与外连接座通过穿设于第一耐压罐体上的螺纹连接结构进行固定密闭连接。
在一优选方案中，如图4和图5所示，所述第一耐压罐体(0211))为密闭的有耐压能力的长条圆柱形容器；构成支架水平投影中的七个节点的是七条有足够强度及耐压能力的穿入管道第一进出水管道(0212)和第一进出空气管道(0213)，由顶部(端部)导入第一耐压罐体(0211)中，并与第一耐压罐体(0211)底部内壁相固定；其中六条穿入管道为第一进出水管道(0212)，构成正六角形的六个节点，第一进出水管道通至第一耐压罐体底部(另一端部)内开口，余下一条穿入管道为进出空气管道(0213)，位于正六角形布局的中心，也通达第一耐压罐体的底部，且位于第一耐压罐体内的上部开有多个通气小孔；构成支架水平投影中的各条边的是十二条水平延伸且与穿入管道对应相连的结构连接杆件(0216)，每十二条结构连接杆件构成支架主体中的一层水平连接结构，根据支架主体的高度设有两层以上水平连接结构。每层水平连接结构通过水平设置且外端头固定有增强板的结构连接杆件与第一耐压罐体内壁相接触顶靠，与第一耐压罐体形成六接触点；增强板设螺栓孔，用连接螺栓与外连接座连接，并夹紧圆柱形外壳的壳体，连接螺栓上设有防漏措施。每个第一耐压罐体至少设有两层即十二个外连接座；各第一耐压罐体由每个外连接座引两条钢链，一条斜向上，一条斜向下，分别对应与桁架主体连通杆件上设置的连接座连接。伸出第一耐压罐体外的穿入管道部分依然设置有几层水平连接结构，以保证伸出部分的结构稳定。六条进出水管道连通为一条后与公共高压水管道连接；中心的进出空气管道与公共高压空气管道连接；由第一水位传感器和第一空气压力传感器监测得到第一耐压罐体内的水位和空气压力，根据荷载需要调节第一耐压罐体内的水位，改变第一耐压罐体向桁架主体提供的浮力。
在构成柱状空腔A的桁架主体上设有沿竖向方向间隔设置的多个导轮组；每个导轮组包括环第一耐压罐体均匀间隔布设且轮道与第一耐压罐体外轮廓相吻合的多个导轮022。在一优选方案中，在构成柱状空腔A的桁架主体上，每层平面连接杆件中部设有导轮022。
所述减振结构为由第二浮体组件(03)拉动工作的直线往复式水泵(072)；当设有直线往复式水泵(072)时，所述水源经由直线往复式水泵(072)与第一进出水管道(0212)相连。
所述海上通用平台还包括公共高压水管道(08)以及公共低压水管道(09)，所述公共高压水管道(08)与公共低压水管道(09)通过控制阀门(05)相连，所述公共低压水管道(09)与大气相通，与第一进出水管道相连的水源优选采用淡水，所述水源来自于公共低压水管道(09)；当设有直线往复式水泵(072)时，所述直线往复式水泵(072)的进水口与公共低压水管道(09)相连，所述直线往复式水泵(072)的出水口通过公共高压水管道(08)与第一进出水管道(0212)相连；当设有直线往复式双用泵(071)时，所述三通控制阀A(0711)的第一入口与公共低压水管道(09)相连，所述三通控制阀B(0712)的第一出口通过公共高压水管道(08)与第一进出水管道(0212)相连。
所述通用海上平台还包括空罐时悬挂于水上层(013)且贮液时不断下放于水中的若干零星单浮体(10)，所述零星单浮体(10)能固设于水下层(011)中。
所述零星单浮体(10)包括零星耐压罐体(101)、控制零星耐压罐体(101)升降的升降设备(102)、与零星耐压罐体(101)罐内底部连通的零星进出水管道(103)、与零星耐压罐体(101)罐内顶部连通的零星进出空气管道(104)、设于零星耐压罐体(101)内的零星水位传感器(105)以及设于零星耐压罐体(101)顶部的零星空气压力传感器(106)，所述零 星进出水管道(103)与公共低压水管道(09)通过控制阀门(05)相连和/或与公共高压水管道(08)通过控制阀门(05)相连，所述零星进出空气管道(104)与公共高压空气管道(04)通过控制阀门(05)相连。
在一优选方案中，所述零星单浮体的结构10与第一单浮体021的结构基本相同，其未使用时始终吊装固定于柱状空腔A的上部，不与水相接触。零星单浮体既可在部分第一单浮体无法使用或恶劣天气下为平台提供后备安全浮力，又可以作为储水罐用于储存水。作为储水罐储水时，零星进出水管道及零星进出空气管道连接上可伸缩的耐压软管，利用升降设备控制零星耐压罐体的升降；随着装入水让零星耐压罐体不断下沉以获得浮力平衡自身重量，直至圆柱形外壳沉入水中只留零星进出水管道及零星进出空气管道于上，用水时通入高压空气压出淡水；随着用水让零星耐压罐体不断上升直至吊出水面，最后复升至水上层固定。如此，零星单浮体作为储水罐使用时，不会让通用海上平台的整体荷载有大的变化。
如图6，图10所述第二浮体组件(03)包括分置于各柱状空腔B(018)内的多个第二单浮体(031)，所述第二单浮体(031)包括排水浮体(0311)以及固定于排水浮体(0311)下端的连接头(0312)，每个排水浮体(0311)拉动三个以上减振结构，减振结构设于排水浮体(0311)上方且以柱状空腔B(018)的竖向中轴线为圆心均匀环绕布设，所述第二单浮体(031)包括固设于排水浮体(0311)下方的桁架主体(01)上且与减振结构对应设置的三个以上定滑轮(0313)以及对应连接于连接头(0312)和减振结构之间且由定滑轮(0313)换向的三组以上钢绳构件(0314)。定滑轮与桁架主体的连接为可拆卸式，必要时可吊升出水面维修、保养。
由于每个第二单浮体的排水浮体同时受三组以上钢绳构件的三个以上方向的约束，所以不管海浪如何变化,排水浮体将顺着约束力的合力方向工作，每个第二单浮体的排水浮体可以单独的对海浪的运动作出反应，在对桁架主体提供浮力的同时，吸收海浪的能量，而排水浮体的体积决定了其无论于何种海况下的最大受力,这就从根本上防止了海浪运动对平台的破坏。在一优选方案中，每个排水浮体配备有三个安置于水上层柱状空腔B旁侧的正三角形空腔里的直线往复式水泵，每个直线往复式水泵由一组钢绳构件拉动；所述排水浮体设置于水面层底部，所述排水浮体上部分为圆柱体球形顶且其下部分为倒置圆锥体，上下部分为一整体。
如图6，图7所述连接头(0312)包括与排水浮体(0311)固定连接的连接件(03121)、设于连接件(03121)下方的连接盘(03122)以及连接于连接件(03121)与连接盘(03122)之间的万向节(03123)或钢环链；所述连接盘(03122)底面上设有与减振结构相配对设置的三个以上钢绳接口。所述万向节为二轴十字交错结构，所述钢环链含三节以上依次连接的钢环。设于连接盘底面上的多个钢绳接口以连接盘的中点为中心，等分间隔，环绕排列。每个钢绳接口可以连接由多条钢绳构成的一组钢绳构件，多条钢绳也视为一条工作，每组钢绳构件经桁架主体水下层的各自对应设置的定滑轮导向，定滑轮的滑道数对应钢绳数，最终拉动各自对应的直线往复式水泵工作。
如图9所述公共高压水管道(08)和公共低压水管道(09)之间连接有若干分支水管道，所述分支水管道上设有水轮发电机(11)。
所述通用海上平台还包括设于水上层的生活居住舱，所述生活居住舱为用轻质板材锁定于水上层杆件上形成的可供生活居住使用空间，所述轻质板材为具有足够强度、密度小于水且不吸水的材料。
所述通用海上平台还包括设于水上层的重要设备货物舱，所述重要设备货物舱采用水密舱结构并设置通气管道。在一实施例中，重要设备货物舱设有外连接座结构，以通过钢链与桁架主体连接。
如图17所示，所述通用海上平台还包括一个以上锚定组件，所述锚定组件包括固定于浅海海底的海底桩(131)、固设于水上层(013)上的卷扬机(132)以及连接于海底桩(131)与卷扬机(132)之间且由卷扬机(132)控制收放的锚链(133)。在一优选方案中，当平台固定锚泊于浅海区时，设置锚定系统可以提高第二浮体组件吸收海浪能量的效率；根据潮涨、潮落来放松、收紧锚链，使通用海上平台能随时处于最佳浮力状态，又能有固定的高度参照点，提高第二浮体组件做功效率。
当通用海上平台为活动型且于深海区时，增加储水罐数量，且于储满水后与桁架主体固定连接，加大通用海上平台整体质量，也可以提高第二浮体组件对海浪能量的吸收效率。
所述通用海上平台还包括实时显示平台工作状态并能进行相应设备的工作控制的浮力控制装置、监测桁架主体(01)吃水深度的一个以上浸没水位传感器；所述控制阀门(05)和泄压阀门(06)为自动控制阀门；浮力控制装置与各水位传感器、各压力传感器、各自动控制阀门分别对应相连，根据桁架主体(01)吃水深度、各第一耐压罐体(0211)和零星耐压罐体(101)内的空气压力和水位的状况，实现各第一耐压罐体(0211)间以及零星耐压罐体(101)的状态调节以及桁架主体(01)的浮力均衡调节。
所述通用海上平台的浮力调节方法，它包括以下具体内容：
各第一单浮体(021)的第一耐压罐体(0211)罐内都储存有水，公共高压水管道(08)将各第一耐压罐体(0211)相互连通，高压气源通过公共高压空气管道(04)向各第一耐压罐体(0211)充入高压空气并平衡相互间的压力，使各第一耐压罐体(0211)罐内部储存的水量相同以获得的浮力平衡；利用公共高压空气管道(04)和泄压阀门(06)对第一耐压罐体(0211)进行空气加压或空气减压以改变第一耐压罐体(0211)的罐内压力与第一耐压罐体(0211)的罐外水压的压力差，从而增减第一耐压罐体(0211)的罐内水量，使第一耐压罐体(0211)对平台提供的浮力改变。
当保持固定于水下层(011)的第一单浮体(021)数量不变时，调用零星单浮体(10)作为储水罐使用，从第一耐压罐体(0211)内的水接引入储水罐中，随着进入储水罐的水量不断增加，逐渐下放储水罐至水中以获得浮力平衡储水罐的重力，则平台浮力增加；当利用高压空气将储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道(09)，同时减少水轮发电机(11)的发电功率,则储水罐的水被引入第一耐压罐体(0211)中，随着储水罐内的水量不断减少，逐渐上提储水罐直至返回至水上层(013)恢复为零星单浮体(10)，则平台浮力减少；
当需要改变固定于水下层的第一单浮体数量时，调用零星单浮体(10)作为增设第一单浮体使用，将增设第一单浮体储水后下放至水下层并固定在与第一单浮体(021)的第一耐压罐体(0211)同一水平高度上，然后向增设第一单浮体的增设第一耐压罐体通入高压空气以减少水量，直至增设第一耐压罐体达到所需浮力即停止通入高压空气，并调节增设第一耐压罐体内的空气压力与各第一耐压罐体(0211)的空气压力相平衡后并相互连通，则平台浮力增加；当将选定的第一单浮体(021)先减压加水后解除与水下层(011)的连接使之成为储水罐,再通入高压空气将该储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道(09)直至罐体提升至水上层(013)成为零星单浮体，则平台的浮力减少。
所述通用海上平台的稳定发电方法，它包括以下具体内容：
通过第一浮体组件(02)及公共高压空气管道(04)内高压空气的压力值确定减振结构的最小输出压力值，控制并保持第一浮体组件(02)及公共高压空气管道(04)内高压空气压力的稳定，根据减振结构向公共高压水管道(08)或公共高压空气管道(04)泵送的水流量或气流量开启相应数量和功率的水轮发电机(11)或气体膨胀发电机/螺杆膨胀发电机(12)发电，让发电用的水流量或气流量与减振结构压入的水流量或气流量相匹配,并同时保证公共高压水管道(08)和公共低压水管道(09)的水流循环流量平衡,保证第一浮体组件(02)内及公共高压空气管道(04)内的高压空气压力稳定于设定值。
在一优选方案中，所述浮力控制装置为一套计算机系统，它包括主机、显示器等，其能够实时显示平台的水下层、水面层平面图，各个第一单浮体、第二单浮体编号对应于图上显示，实时显示各个第一单浮体内水位、压力状态，显示各个第二单浮体工作状态，显示各控制阀门和泄压阀门的开关状态并可根据需要开关控制阀门和泄压阀门，显示储气罐的压力，显示零星单浮体的状态等。平台由第一浮体组件提供绝大部分所需的浮力，第二浮体组件提供决定通用海上平台能浮于水面的最后的、少量的浮力，零星单浮体提供后备的安全浮力。平台的最优浮力状态为第一浮体组件吃水刚好及顶，第二浮体组件刚获得浮力张紧钢绳；此时桁架主体刚性连接的排水体积，在海浪活动区内的只有桁架主体杆件自身的体积，受海浪运动的不利影响最小。浮力控制装置的控制目的在于及时增减平台获得的浮力以应对各种不同条件引起的荷载变化，使平台始终处于最佳浮力状态：少量的荷载增加，可以直接由第二浮体组件的吃水变化体现出来；稍大量的荷载增加，可以将第一耐压罐体内的水移往零星耐压罐体调用过来的储水罐，第一耐压罐体的内装水量有一定的可调控量，从公共低压水管道引管道将水接至储水罐，同时开启相应的水轮发电机加大发电功率，并同时对第一耐压罐体加入与被转移水等体积高压空气，即完成水的转移，加大了第一单浮体的浮力；更大量的荷载增加可以增加第一耐压罐体的数量，零星耐压罐体储水后下沉至第一单浮体的相同高度位置后将其与桁架主体连接固定，将其零星进出水管道与公共高压水管道连接，对下沉固定好的零星耐压罐体通入高压空气加压，至水位降低到与第一单浮体相同时，停止加压，并使压力与其它第一单浮体相同，与此同时用另一零星耐压罐体的零星进出水管道与公共低压水管道连接取水，取出前一个零星耐压罐体多余的水量,则完成将前一个零星耐压罐体变成第一单浮体加入第一浮体组件；反之，通用海上平台大量卸载时应从储水罐往第一浮体组件内加水，或减少第一浮体组件所属的第一单浮体数量。正常工作时公共高压空气管道与第一单浮体是不连通的，第一浮体组件所属的各个第一单浮体内水位相同、空气压力相同，个别第一单浮体的损坏泄漏以及不同第一单浮体密封能力的差异，将引起不同第一单浮体相对的内水位及空气压力的变化，定时的有选择关闭个别第一单浮体与公共高压水管道的连通，单位时间内其内水位、压力应该无变化，或变化在规定的范围内，浮力控制装置可以通过及时监测个别第一单浮体与多数第一单浮体之间的内压力及内水位的差异变化以作出准确调整，使所有第一单浮体内水位一致、空气压力相同，变化同步；单独为个别第一单浮体加压将降低其内部水位。
上述优选方案中，当平台的浮力稳定时，浮力控制装置还可以应用于稳定发电中：所述第一浮体组件所属的第一耐压罐体内有高压空气，其第一进出空气管道经控制阀门与公共高压空气管道连接；所述公共高压空气管道经控制阀门与储气罐连接；第一耐压罐体内盛装淡水，其第一进出水管道经控制阀门与公共高压水管道连接；所述公共高压水管道经控制阀门与所有的直线往复式水泵的出水口连接；所述第二浮体组件所属的各个第二单浮体的排水浮 体在海浪作用下同时拉动三个直线往复式水泵不断的压出高压水流，汇聚于公共高压水管道；公共高压水管道聚合所有直线往复式水泵的输出高压水流后，有序分配给各个水轮机发电机发电；所述水轮机发电机包括多台不同功率的机组；水轮发电机出水管道与公共低压水管道连接，公共低压水管道与所有的直线往复式水泵的进水口经控制阀门连接，公共低压水管道还连接有多条支管道通往水上层开口，以利用大气压力；所述高压水管道、低压水管道高压空气管道都设有主管道和支管道，三种管道平行设置；发电系统使用水作为传递能量的介质，循环使用。浮力控制装置可以指挥有关控制阀门和泄压阀开、关，使用泄压阀和/或不同压力的储气罐对第一浮体组件所属的所有第一单浮体内的空气压力进行集体升高或降低，以适应更大浪高或者是提高第二浮体组件的灵敏度；当主动控制改变第一单浮体内空气压力时应在不改变第一单浮体内水位的条件下调整，增减空气压力应当所有第一单浮体同步进行。在没有主动调整第一浮体组件整体内压力的情况下，根据第一浮体组件内空气压力的变化趋势而做出发电功率调整，第一浮体组件内不断持续的压力升高应当增加发电输出功率，反之则应当减少发电输出功率，使发电功率与实际吸收能量的功率匹配，则可以达到稳定高质量的电力输出。系统内的循环水是相对固定的量，因此还可以根据公共低压水管道存水量的变化做出调整，当第二浮体组件吸收海浪能量的总功率大于水轮发电机的即时发电总功率时，将反映于公共低压水管道存水量的减少；当第二浮体组件吸收海浪能量的总功率小于水轮发电机的即时发电功率时，将反映于公共低压水管道存水量的增加；根据上述的水量变化，及时调整发电功率，也可以达到功率平衡，继而得到并输出高质量的电力；通过水轮发电机自身的调整，或者是增、减水发电机组数量可以调整发电总功率。公共低压水管道存水量的减少与第一浮体组件内不断持续的压力升高或公共低压水管道存水量的增加与第一浮体内不断持续的压力降低必定统一,有矛盾时则说明发生泄漏。
本发明构成的不同型号的海上平台(参见图10和图13)，其桁架主体的整体外部形状、规模大小由平台设定的功能需求而定，通常的优化结果是海上平台的整体水平投影呈正六边形，其边长大于高度，设定的水面层高度即为该型号通用海上平台的第二单浮体的排水浮体最大上下浮动的行程，该上下浮动行程的大小决定着其所适应的浪高。所述通用海上平台还设有驱动系统，驱动系统包括动力系统以及动力舱，通用海上平台的动力系统可以使用现有成熟的技术，可以备有多种动力系统，但优先使用电力驱动系统，所述动力舱为水密舱式，动力系统安置于动力舱中，通用海上平台设置有多个动力舱。所述通用海上平台还应设置有各种必须的附属设备，例如，海水淡化装置、起重吊装机械、生活环保设备等等。
实施例2：
如图18所示为本发明提供的一种通用海上平台的实施例示意图，本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于：
所述通用海上平台减振结构为由第二浮体组件(03)拉动工作的直线往复式气泵(073)；当设有直线往复式气泵(073)时，所述直线往复式气泵(073)的进气口与低压气源相连，所述直线往复式气泵(073)的出气口与公共高压空气管道(04)相连。
所述公共高压空气管道(04)连接有若干分支空气管道，所述分支空气管道上设有气体膨胀发电机或者螺杆膨胀发电机(12)。
本实施例其他技术方案与实施例1相同在此不再赘述。
实施例3：
如图19所示为本发明提供的一种通用海上平台的实施例示意图，本实施例与实施例1不 同之处在于：
所述减振结构为由第二浮体组件(03)拉动工作的直线往复式双用泵(071)；当设有直线往复式双用泵(071)时，所述直线往复式双用泵(071)的出入口分设有三通控制阀B(0712)和三通控制阀A(0711)，所述三通控制阀A(0711)的第一入口与水源相连，所述三通控制阀A(0711)的第二入口与低压气源相连，所述三通控制阀A(0711)的出口与直线往复式双用泵(071)的入口相连，所述三通控制阀B(0712)的第一出口与第一进出水管道(0212)相连，所述三通控制阀B(0712)的第二出口与公共高压空气管道(04)相连，所述三通控制阀B(0712)的入口与直线往复式双用泵(071)的出口相连。
所述公共高压空气管道(04)连接有若干分支空气管道，所述分支空气管道上设有气体膨胀发电机或者螺杆膨胀发电机(12)；
本实施例其他技术方案与实施例1相同在此不再赘述.

Claims (14)

  1. 一种通用海上平台，其特征在于：它包括构成平台的支撑体系的桁架主体；所述桁架主体主要由长条形杆件连接而成的三维稳定刚性支撑体,其由下而上分布有水下层、水面层和水上层三层结构；它包括固设于水下层且为平台的漂浮提供90％以上浮力的第一浮体组件，以及设于水面层中且通过减振结构连接于桁架主体上与第一浮体组件配合保证平台漂浮的第二浮体组件，还包括空罐时悬挂于水上层的若干零星单浮体，所述零星单浮体能在贮液时不断下放于水中，且能固设于水下层中充当第一单浮体使用；所述第一浮体组件包括若干个位于水下层的第一单浮体，所述第二浮体组件包括分置于水面层的若干个第二单浮体，所述第二单浮体包括排水浮体以及每个排水浮体拉动三个以上的减振结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：它还包括公共高压空气管道，所述公共高压空气管道与高压气源通过控制阀门相连，所述公共高压空气管道设有泄压阀门；所述第一单浮体包括第一耐压罐体、与第一耐压罐体连通的第一进出水管道和第一进出空气管道，第一进出水管道与第一耐压罐体底部连通、第一进出空气管道与第一耐压罐体顶部连通、还包括设于第一耐压罐体内的第一水位传感器以及设于第一耐压罐体顶部的第一空气压力传感器，所述第一进出水管道与水源通过控制阀门相连，所述第一进出空气管道与公共高压空气管道通过控制阀门相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1(2)没有讲述减震机构所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述减振结构为由第二浮体组件拉动工作的直线往复式双用泵、直线往复式水泵、直线往复式气泵中的一种以上；当设有直线往复式水泵时，所述水源经由直线往复式水泵与第一进出水管道相连；当设有直线往复式气泵时，所述直线往复式气泵的进气口与低压气源相连，所述直线往复式气泵的出气口与公共高压空气管道相连；当设有直线往复式双用泵时，所述直线往复式双用泵的出入口分设有三通控制阀B和三通控制阀A，所述三通控制阀A的第一入口与水源相连，所述三通控制阀A的第二入口与低压气源相连，所述三通控制阀A的出口与直线往复式双用泵的入口相连，所述三通控制阀B的第一出口与第一进出水管道相连，所述三通控制阀B的第二出口与公共高压空气管道相连，所述三通控制阀B的入口与直线往复式双用泵的出口相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：它还包括公共高压 水管道以及公共低压水管道，所述公共高压水管道与公共低压水管道通过控制阀门相连，所述公共低压水管道与大气相通，所述水源来自于公共低压水管道；当设有直线往复式水泵时，所述直线往复式水泵的进水口与公共低压水管道相连，所述直线往复式水泵的出水口通过公共高压水管道与第一进出水管道相连；当设有直线往复式双用泵时，所述三通控制阀A的第一入口与公共低压水管道相连，所述三通控制阀B的第一出口通过公共高压水管道与第一进出水管道相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述零星单浮体包括零星耐压罐体、控制零星耐压罐体升降的升降设备、与零星耐压罐体底部连通的零星进出水管道、与零星耐压罐体顶部连通的零星进出空气管道、设于零星耐压罐体内的零星水位传感器以及设于零星耐压罐体顶部的零星空气压力传感器，所述零星进出水管道通过控制阀门与公共低压水管道和公共高压水管道相连，所述零星进出空气管道与公共高压空气管道通过控制阀门相连。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述公共高压水管道和公共低压水管道之间连接有若干分支水管道，所述分支水管道上设有水轮发电机。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述公共高压空气管道连接有若干分支空气管道，所述分支空气管道上设有气体膨胀发电机或者螺杆膨胀发电机。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述桁架主体是主要由长条形杆件连接而成的三维稳定刚性支撑体,所述桁架主体的水平投影呈以正三角形网格为壁厚的正六边形蜂窝结构；所述桁架主体包括竖向设置且水平投影构成正三角形网格的各个节点的连通杆件、水平设置且水平投影构成正三角形网格的各个边的平面连接杆件以及斜向连接于两连通杆件之间的斜面连接杆件，所述平面连接杆件构成多层正三角形网格；所述水面层的水平投影由以正三角形网格分隔出两种尺寸规格不同的正六边形构成，每个大尺寸正六边形隔着正三角形网格与多个小尺寸正六边形相邻；小尺寸正六角形为柱状空腔A的水平投影，柱状空腔A由水下层底部连通至水上层；大尺寸正六角形为柱状空腔B的水平投影。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述第一单浮体分 置于柱状空腔A内；所述第一单浮体还包括结构连接杆件和外连接座；所述第一进出水管道和第一进出空气管道从第一耐压罐体顶部竖直穿入且延伸至第一耐压罐体底部；第一进出水管道、第一进出空气管道以及结构连接杆件在第一耐压罐体内构成加强第一耐压罐体结构强度的支架，所述支架与第一耐压罐体罐壁固定连接；第一耐压罐体外壁上设置外连接座，每个外连接座连接有与桁架主体相连接且分别向上和向下延伸的一对固定绳或链，所述外连接座设有能与固定绳或链连接的接头。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述第二浮体组件包括分置于各柱状空腔B内的多个第二单浮体，所述第二单浮体包括排水浮体以及固定于排水浮体下端的连接头，每个排水浮体拉动三个以上减振结构，减振结构设于排水浮体上方且以柱状空腔B的竖向中轴线为圆心均匀环绕布设，所述第二单浮体还包括固设于排水浮体下方的桁架主体上且与减振结构对应设置的定滑轮，以及对应连接于连接头和减振结构之间且由定滑轮换向的钢绳构件。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：所述连接头包括与排水浮体固定连接的连接件、设于连接件下方的连接盘以及连接于连接件与连接盘之间的万向节或钢环链；所述连接盘底面上设有与减振结构相配对设置的钢绳接口。
  12. 根据权利要求5-6任意一项所述的通用海上平台，其特征在于：它还包括实时显示平台工作状态并能进行相应设备的工作控制的浮力控制装置，监测桁架主体吃水深度的一个以上浸没水位传感器；所述控制阀门和泄压阀门为自动控制阀门；浮力控制装置与各水位传感器、各压力传感器、各自动控制阀门分别对应相连，根据桁架主体承受载荷的变化、各第一耐压罐体和零星耐压罐体内的空气压力和水位的状况，实现各第一耐压罐体间以及零星耐压罐体的状态调节以及桁架主体的浮力均衡调节。
  13. 权利要求1-12所述的通用海上平台的浮力调节方法，其特征在于：它包括以下具体方法步骤：
    各第一单浮体的第一耐压罐体罐内都储存有水，公共高压水管道将各第一耐压罐体相互连通，高压气源通过公共高压空气管道向各第一耐压罐体充入高压空气并平衡相互间的压力，使各第一耐压罐体罐内部储存的水量相同以获得 的浮力平衡；
    当保持固定于水下层的第一单浮体数量不变时，调用零星单浮体作为储水罐使用，从第一耐压罐体内的水接引入储水罐中，随着进入储水罐的水量不断增加，逐渐下放储水罐至水中以获得浮力平衡储水罐的重力，则平台浮力增加；当利用高压空气将储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道，同时减少水轮发电机的发电功率,则储水罐的水被引入第一耐压罐体中，随着储水罐内的水量不断减少，逐渐上提储水罐直至返回至水上层恢复为零星单浮体，则平台浮力减少；
    当改变固定于水下层的第一单浮体数量时，调用零星单浮体作为增设第一单浮体使用，将增设第一单浮体储水后下放至水下层与第一单浮体在同一水平高度上，且和第一单浮体进行同样的固定连接，然后向增设第一单浮体的增设第一耐压罐体通入高压空气以减少水量，直至增设第一耐压罐体达到所需浮力即停止通入高压空气，并调节增设第一耐压罐体内的空气压力与各第一耐压罐体的空气压力相平衡后并相互连通，则平台浮力增加；当将选定的第一单浮体先减压加水后解除与水下层的连接使之成为储水罐,再通入高压空气将该储水罐的水压往公共低压水管道直至罐体提升至水上层成为零星单浮体，则平台的浮力减少
  14. 权利要求1--12所述的通用海上平台的稳定发电方法，其特征在于：它包括以下具体方法步骤：
    通过设定第一浮体组件及公共高压空气管道内高压空气的压力值确定减振结构的最小输出压力值，控制并保持第一浮体组件及公共高压空气管道内高压空气压力的稳定，根据减振结构向公共高压水管道或公共高压空气管道泵送的水流量或气流量开启相应数量和功率的水轮发电机或气体膨胀发电机/螺杆膨胀发电机发电，让发电用的水流量或气流量与减振结构压入的水流量或气流量相匹配,并同时保证公共高压水管道和公共低压水管道的水流循环流量平衡,保证第一浮体组件内及公共高压空气管道内的高压空气压力稳定于设定值。
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