WO2016201459A1 - Métier à tisser servant à produire un demi-tissu à point de gaze - Google Patents

Métier à tisser servant à produire un demi-tissu à point de gaze Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016201459A1
WO2016201459A1 PCT/AT2016/000042 AT2016000042W WO2016201459A1 WO 2016201459 A1 WO2016201459 A1 WO 2016201459A1 AT 2016000042 W AT2016000042 W AT 2016000042W WO 2016201459 A1 WO2016201459 A1 WO 2016201459A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needles
needle bar
warp threads
longitudinal extent
eyes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2016/000042
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Egger
Gerhard BÖGL
Original Assignee
Getzner Textil Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Getzner Textil Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Getzner Textil Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2016201459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016201459A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C7/00—Leno or similar shedding mechanisms
    • D03C7/06—Mechanisms having eyed needles for moving warp threads from side to side of other warp threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D19/00—Gauze or leno-woven fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a loom for producing a
  • Semi-rotary fabric having a first needle bar with a sequence of along a longitudinal extent of the first needle bar juxtaposed first needles and a second needle bar with a sequence of along a longitudinal extent of the second needle bar juxtaposed second needles and at least one weft insertion device for introducing at least one weft thread into a between a sequence of first warp threads and a sequence of second warp threads opened compartment, wherein the first needles each have at least one eye for passing each of at least one of the first warp threads and the second needles at least one eye for passing in each case at least one of the second warp threads and the first needle bar is movable parallel to a longitudinal extension of the first needles arranged thereon and the second needle bar is movable along its longitudinal extent, wherein the weaving machine the second Nadelba lken in front of everyone
  • a needle bar having a sequence of first needles juxtaposed along a longitudinal extent of the first needle bar and a second needle bar having a sequence of second needles juxtaposed along a longitudinal extent of the second needle bar, both of them
  • Needle bars are moved back and forth in the weaving process in the direction parallel to the longitudinal extent of the needles arranged on them and the needle bars are also displaced relative to each other to cross the warp threads in their longitudinal direction.
  • DE 26 24 140 C3 provides, however, that the warp threads are crossed only before the introduction of each second weft thread, and is thus alien to the genre. Due to this, with the weaving machine and the method according to DE 26 24 140 C3, only a relatively unstable half-turn fabric can be produced.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a weaving machine of the type mentioned above to the extent that it can be used to produce a stable half-leno fabric, but the warp threads during weaving should be less stressed than in the method disclosed in DE 10 2004 063 683 A1.
  • the invention provides in a loom of the type mentioned above, that for providing the between the sequence of first warp threads and the sequence
  • the second needle bar can also be moved parallel to a longitudinal extent of the second needles arranged on it by means of second warp threads.
  • weaving machines according to the invention can be used relatively flexibly. So it can be e.g. be possible to produce so-called linen fabric without Dreherabitati with weaving machines according to the invention by not moving the second needle bar along its longitudinal extent and the needle bar so along the longitudinal extent of each arranged on them needles, as shown in DE 26 24 140 C3.
  • both needle bars are moved, preferably displaced, in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the needles arranged on them, so that each needle bar executes only half the stroke in comparison with the prior art must, whereby none of the
  • Warp threads overstretched or heavily loaded It is also possible not only one or the second needle bar for crossing the first and the second
  • Warp warp along its longitudinal extent preferably back and forth to move, preferably to move. It is equally possible to move both needle bars for crossing the first warp threads with the second warp threads along their respective longitudinal extent, preferably back and forth, preferably to move. In this case, then make both needle bars in the direction of their longitudinal extent only half the stroke.
  • the first needle bar is arranged higher in the vertical direction than the second needle bar.
  • the two needle bars then make a vertical movement during the weaving process along the longitudinal direction of their needles, preferably vertical displacement.
  • the second needle bar can also be arranged in the vertical direction over the first needle bar. Which of the two needle bars is now the first and the second needle bar is a question of designation. In any case, it is advantageous if the two needle bars in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the first needles and orthogonal to the
  • first needle bar Longitudinal extent of the first needle bar seen from each other or arranged one behind the other.
  • the needles, which are arranged in a sequence along the longitudinal extension of the first needle bar thereto, are referred to in any case as the first needles.
  • the needles, which are arranged in a sequence along the longitudinal extension of the second needle bar at this, are referred to as second needles.
  • the first needles are arranged in their position relative to the first needle bar fixed on the first needle bar and are moved with this.
  • the second needles are favorably arranged in their position relative to the needle bar fixed on the second needle bar and are moved with this.
  • the first needles or the second needles could also be the first
  • Finger and second fingers are called.
  • the term needle is to be interpreted broadly. It is in each case a carrier for the eye, through which the respective warp thread can be passed, which the eye in
  • first needles project with their eyes equidistant from the first needle bar and / or all first needles are arranged parallel to each other and / or all first needles are linear and / or orthogonal in one direction Longitudinal extension of the first needle bar are elongated.
  • second needles it is thus expediently provided that all second needles project with their eyes equidistant from the second needle bar and / or all second nadein are arranged parallel to one another and / or all second needles extend linearly and / or in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the second needle bar are.
  • Both the first and the second needles can completely straight so linear but also curved or
  • the openings or, more generally, the fastening device on the respective needle are designated, through which at least one warp thread or, if appropriate, a plurality of warp threads are guided or held on the needle.
  • this term is to be interpreted broadly. It is ultimately the component of the needle that guides the needle through the warp thread.
  • first warp threads those warp threads which are guided through the first needles or their eyes are referred to as first warp threads.
  • second warp threads The warp threads which are passed through the second needles or their eyes are referred to as second warp threads. Again, this is a mere convention of designation and says nothing about the type and quality of each warp.
  • the open compartment or the open compartment position designates the position of the needle bars, needles and warp threads, in between the sequence of the first
  • Warp threads and the sequence of the second warp threads an opening, just the open compartment is formed by the entry of the weft thread by means of
  • weft insertion device takes place.
  • a weft insertion device can on the known in the prior art
  • the weft insertion systems can be gripper systems, single-arm gripper systems, contactor systems and the like, as is well known in the art.
  • weft insertion device the respective weft thread is passed through the open compartment between the sequence of the first warp threads and the sequence of the second warp threads.
  • half-leno fabric are generally referred to those tissues in which at least sometimes before the introduction of the weft thread, the first and second warp threads are crossed with each other, so that Dreherabitatien arise, which lead to a solid tissue.
  • Non-leno fabrics are also referred to as linen fabrics. Since the warp threads at
  • weaving machines back and forth crossed, but never be guided around 360 ° or more around each other one speaks of Halbcardergeweben.
  • weaving machines according to the invention very stable half-turn fabric can be produced, in which each weft by means of its own
  • weft in the open compartment are each arranged in spaces between the second needles. This does not necessarily apply to the needles arranged directly on the edge of the first needle bar, since there may no longer be any gap there for lack of another second needle. Conveniently, however, as stated, it is provided that precisely only one position of the first and the second sequence of warp threads for forming the opened compartment exists, e.g.
  • the first needles in preferred embodiments seen in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the first needles and orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the first needle bar, are desirably completely outside
  • the stroke of the needle bar in the longitudinal direction of each arranged thereon needles is kept as small as possible.
  • the needle bars or needles for crossing the warp threads are also moved as far as possible far apart. In this sense, it is conveniently provided that a distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles, measured in a direction parallel to
  • Lengthwise extension of the first needles, when crossing the first warp threads with the second warp threads smaller than a distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles, measured in the direction parallel to the longitudinal extent of the first needles, the open compartment.
  • said distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles when crossing the first warp threads with the second warp threads is at most 30%, preferably at most 10%, of the distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles opened compartment.
  • the first needle bar and the second needle bar are arranged parallel to each other. Preferably, this applies in all positions of
  • the invention relates not only to a weaving machine but also to a weaving method for the production of a half-turn fabric with an inventive method
  • This weaving method is characterized in that the first needle bar is moved parallel to a longitudinal extension of the first needles disposed thereon and the second needle bar is moved along its longitudinal extension prior to each insertion of a weft thread for crossing the first warp threads with the second warp threads and providing the between the sequence of first warp threads and the sequence of second warp threads open compartment and the second needle bar is moved parallel to a longitudinal extension of the second needles arranged thereon.
  • the first needles if appropriate apart from first needles arranged directly on the edge of the first needle bar, are suitable for the introduction of the first needles Weft thread in the open compartment, preferably always, in each case be arranged in spaces between the second needles.
  • a distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles, measured in a direction parallel to the longitudinal extent of the first needles, when crossing the first warp threads with the second warp threads is not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10 %, a distance between the eyes of the first needles and the eyes of the second needles, measured in the direction parallel to
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a relatively loose normal
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one with the inventive
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are side views of a schematically illustrated loom according to the invention, wherein only the necessary components for understanding the basic structure are shown;
  • Fig. 5 to 1 1 a schematically illustrated sequence of movements of the first needle bar and the second needle bar in the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a normal relatively unstable Halbcardergewebe 26, as it arises, for example, when carrying out the disclosed in DE 26 24 140 B2 weaving method.
  • the first warp yarns 9 and the second warp yarns 10 are guided around the weft yarns 14 so that only at each second weft yarn 14 does a leno weave 21 result.
  • FIG. 2 shows a very stable half-turn fabric 26, as is the case in a method according to the invention or can be produced with a loom 1 according to the invention.
  • Such half-turn fabric 26 can be seen from the fact that each weft thread 14 is held by means of a leno tie 21 between the respective correspondingly crossed first warp threads 9 and second warp threads 10. This is achieved by using the example shown here
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of an inventive
  • Open compartment position are in which the open compartment 1 1 between the sequence of the first warp threads 9 and the sequence of the second warp threads 10 is formed.
  • the weft thread 14 can be injected by means of the weft insertion device 8.
  • the sequences of first warp threads 9 and second warp threads 10 are wound in the illustrated embodiment on a warp beam 22 and can be unwound from this.
  • two separate warp beams 22, that is one warp beam for the first warp yarns 9 and one warp beam for the second warp yarns 10 may of course also be provided. in the aforementioned DE 10 2004 063 683 A1 is the case.
  • first warp threads 9 and second warp threads 10 are in any case, as known per se, over a coating tree 23 the
  • Fig. 4 shows a so-called mid-compartment position, in which no weft insertion takes place and the compartment is closed. This is the position of the needle bars 2 and 5, in which the distance 19 between the eyes 12 of the first needles 4 and the eyes 12 of the second needles 7 and thus the distance between the first warp threads 9 and the second warp threads 10 is minimal. In this center shed position shown in FIG. 4, the crossing over of the first warp threads 9 takes place with the second warp threads 10
  • the first needle bar 2 with the first needles 4 is arranged parallel to the direction 16, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal extent 1 3 of the first needles 4 and orthogonal to the longitudinal extension 3 of the first needle bar 2, spaced from the second needle bar 5 with its second needles 7.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 the known components of the loom 1, as I said, are shown schematically and greatly simplified. In particular, not the drives are shown, which serve to the warp beam 22, the first
  • Figs. 5 to 1 1 is schematically the sequence of movements of the first
  • first needles 4 are fixedly attached to the first needle bar 2. All first needles 4 are equidistant from the first needle bar 2 and are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the first needles 4 are linear or straight.
  • Their longitudinal extension 1 3 extends in each case orthogonal to the longitudinal extension 3 of the first needle bar 2.
  • the second needles 7 are thus fixed to the second needle bar 5. They are all the same distance from the second needle bar 5 and are arranged parallel to each other. All second needles 7 are linear or straight.
  • Their longitudinal extent 1 5 runs in a direction orthogonal to
  • the first needle bar 2 lies in In addition, in this exemplary embodiment, the first needles 2 are always parallel to the second needles 7.
  • a reference level 30 is shown by dashed lines, which fix always in the same place remains.
  • Fig. 5 first, the open shed position is shown, in which the opened compartment 1 1 between the sequence of first warp threads 9 and the sequence of the second
  • Warp threads 10 ready for the weft insertion.
  • the first needle bar 2 has been moved with its first needles 4 parallel to the longitudinal extent 13 of the first needles 4 in the direction indicated in Fig. 5 direction 32 on the second needle bar 5.
  • the second needle bar 5 was in the direction of the arrow 33 shown in Fig. 5, ie parallel to
  • Lengthwise extension 15 of the needles 7 arranged on it moves in the direction of the first needle bar 2.
  • the first needles 4, apart from the very first edge 4 of the first needle bar 2 arranged first needles 4 each penetrated into spaces 18 between the second needles 7.
  • the weft insertion device 8 of the weft thread 14 for. be entered in firing direction 31.
  • this can be any known in the prior art
  • Weft insertion device 8 are used, so this is only roughly illustrated schematically. This also applies to the weft direction 31. This can of course also be opposite.
  • the needle bars 2 and 5 together with needles 4 and 7 one of the first needles 4 and one of the second needles 7 in all Figs. 5 to 1 1 with a solid
  • Needle bar 2 and 5 moved so far apart that the first needles 4 are disposed completely outside of the spaces 18 between the second needles 7.
  • This so-called Eisenfach too, as shown in Fig. 4, is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the first needle bar 2 with the first needles 4 is moved or displaced parallel to the longitudinal extent 13 of the first needles 4 in the direction 32 shown in FIG.
  • the second needle bar 5 with the second needles 7 in the direction 33 filed in FIG. 6 is also moved or displaced parallel to the longitudinal extension 15 of the second needles 7.
  • both needle bars 2 and 5 are moved relative to the reference level 30 results for each needle bar 2 and 5, only half the stroke.
  • Lengthwise extension 6 of the second needle bar 5 is moved while the first needle bar 2 remains in its position. The end position of this movement is shown in Fig. 7, also as the necessary direction of movement 34 of the second needle bar. 5 After crossing over the first warp threads 9 with the second warp threads 10, the first needle bar 2 and the second needle bar 5 are again moved toward each other so that the first needles 4 penetrate into the interspaces 18 between the second needles 7 so as to open the opened compartment 1 1 for the next weft insertion. For this purpose, in turn, the first needle bar 2 together with the first
  • the second needle bar 5 is moved toward the first needle bar 2 in the direction 33 shown in FIG. 8, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal extent 15 of the second needles 7.
  • the reached with this movement end position with the open compartment 1 1 can be seen in Fig. 8. It can now turn by means of the weft insertion device 8 of the next shot or
  • Fig. 1 1 corresponds to the position shown in FIG. 5, whereby in Figs. 5 to 10 a complete cycle of movement is shown.
  • Needle bar 5 along its longitudinal extent 6 moves back and forth.
  • Warp threads 9 with the second warp threads 10 only as far apart as necessary, so that the warp threads can be crossed without collision.
  • the distance 19 between the eyes 12 of the first needles 4 and the eyes 12 of the second needles 7 measured in a direction parallel to the longitudinal extent 13 of the first needles 4 is when crossing the first warp threads 9 with the second
  • warp threads 10 are smaller than the distance 20 between the eyes 12 of the first needles 4 and the eyes 12 of the second needles 7 measured in the direction parallel to the longitudinal extent 13 of the first needles 4 in the open compartment 1 1.
  • the respective distances 19 and 20 are in Figs. 5 to 1 1 accordingly
  • the distance 19 in the intermediate compartment position is preferably not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10%, of the distance 20 in the open compartment position with the open compartment 1 1 first needles 4 in the open shed position always in intervals 18 between the second needles. 7

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un métier à tisser (1) servant à produire un demi-tissu à point de gaze (26), comprenant au moins deux barres d'aiguilles (2, 5) comprenant chacune une succession d'aiguilles (4, 7) juxtaposées le long d'une extension longitudinale (3, 6) de la barre d'aiguilles (2, 5) respective et au moins un dispositif d'insertion de trame (8) servant à insérer au moins un fil de trame (14) dans un compartiment (11) ouvert, les aiguilles (4, 7) comportant chacune au moins un œillet permettant d'y faire passer respectivement au moins un des fils de chaîne (9, 10) et la première barre d'aiguilles (2) étant mobile parallèlement à une extension longitudinale (13) des premières aiguilles (4) agencées sur celle-ci et la deuxième barre d'aiguilles (5) étant mobile le long de son extension longitudinale (6). Le métier à tisser (1) déplace la deuxième barre d'aiguilles (5) avant chaque insertion d'un fil de trame (14) afin de croiser les premiers fils de chaîne (9) avec les deuxièmes fils de chaîne (10). La deuxième barre d'aiguilles (5) également, pour la mise à disposition du compartiment (11) à ouvert, est mobile parallèlement à une extension longitudinale (15) des deuxièmes aiguilles (7) disposées sur celle-ci.
PCT/AT2016/000042 2015-06-17 2016-04-26 Métier à tisser servant à produire un demi-tissu à point de gaze WO2016201459A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA384/2015 2015-06-17
ATA384/2015A AT517089B1 (de) 2015-06-17 2015-06-17 Webmaschine zur Herstellung eines Halbdrehergewebes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016201459A1 true WO2016201459A1 (fr) 2016-12-22

Family

ID=55968850

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2016/000042 WO2016201459A1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-04-26 Métier à tisser servant à produire un demi-tissu à point de gaze

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AT (1) AT517089B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016201459A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202020002061U1 (de) 2020-05-12 2020-05-29 Sybille Castens Webstuhl mit beweglichen Führungsbäumen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB808084A (en) * 1955-07-12 1959-01-28 Walter Maritano Improvements relating to cross-gauze fabrics
DE2624140B2 (de) 1975-05-29 1980-03-20 William Charles Winshill Burton-On-Trent Staffordshire Arnold (Ver. Koenigreich) Verfahren zum Weben eines Drehergewebes sowie Webmaschine zu seiner Durchführung
CZ20004615A3 (cs) * 2000-12-11 2003-01-15 Trustfin, A. S. Zařízení k výrobě tkanin v perlinkové vazbě na tkacím stroji
DE102004063683A1 (de) 2004-12-31 2006-07-13 Lindauer Dornier Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gewebes in Dreherbindung und Webmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB808084A (en) * 1955-07-12 1959-01-28 Walter Maritano Improvements relating to cross-gauze fabrics
DE2624140B2 (de) 1975-05-29 1980-03-20 William Charles Winshill Burton-On-Trent Staffordshire Arnold (Ver. Koenigreich) Verfahren zum Weben eines Drehergewebes sowie Webmaschine zu seiner Durchführung
DE2624140C3 (fr) 1975-05-29 1980-11-13 William Charles Winshill Burton-On-Trent Staffordshire Arnold (Ver. Koenigreich)
CZ20004615A3 (cs) * 2000-12-11 2003-01-15 Trustfin, A. S. Zařízení k výrobě tkanin v perlinkové vazbě na tkacím stroji
DE102004063683A1 (de) 2004-12-31 2006-07-13 Lindauer Dornier Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gewebes in Dreherbindung und Webmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT517089B1 (de) 2016-11-15
AT517089A4 (de) 2016-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2531639B1 (fr) Métier à tisser pour la production de tissus à effets trame supplémentaires
EP3347512B1 (fr) Metier a tisser destine a la fabrication de produits tisses dotes d'un fil a poser ou a tricoter incorpore
DE10004376A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dreher-Grundgewebes auf Webmaschinen
DE3042368A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines gewebes, insbesondere bandgewebes, webmaschine zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und nach dem verfahren hergestelltes gewebe
WO2015010879A1 (fr) Machine à tisser équipé d'un dispositif servant à former un bord de gaze
WO2004079065A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un tissu et d'une lisse plate notamment destinee a cet effet
AT517089B1 (de) Webmaschine zur Herstellung eines Halbdrehergewebes
CH598382A5 (en) Needle loom for narrow goods
DE202019101093U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Schneiden der Schussfäden in einer Greiferwebmaschine ohne Bildung einer falschen Webkante
EP1101850A1 (fr) Dispositif de formation d'une armure de gaze
WO2014180846A1 (fr) Métier à tisser servant à fabriquer un tissu et tissu
DE2624140C3 (fr)
DE102010033559A1 (de) Gewebter Vierkantschlauch sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung desselben
DE2460737C3 (de) Vorrichtung in einer Nadelwebmaschine zur Herstellung von Bandgeweben mit Schußschlaufen
DE2028844C3 (de) Anordnung an einer Webmaschine zum Bilden einer Dreher-Gewebekante
DE81679C (fr)
DE4300306C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Doppelplüschgewebes
DE2619774C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Schußfadenvorlage bei schützenlosen Webmaschinen
DE2221282C3 (de) Webmaschine zur Herstellung von Frottiergewebe
EP0379843A2 (fr) Assemblage peigne-ensouple à double fonction et son utilisation pour machines à tisser
DE1057025B (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schlauchgeweben auf Flachwebstuehlen, insbesondere eines Waeschetraegerbandes mit einer homogenen Einlage aus Schaumgummi, Kunststoffschaum oder aehnlichem nachgiebigem Werkstoff, und Bandwebstuhl zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
DE2624141B2 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gewebes auf einer Webmaschine, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE3523736A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer textilware
CH666293A5 (de) Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer mit einer bindung versehenen gewebekante (dreherkante).
WO2014180847A1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'un tissu et tissu

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16722518

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16722518

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1