WO2016197280A1 - 一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法 - Google Patents

一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法 Download PDF

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WO2016197280A1
WO2016197280A1 PCT/CN2015/000654 CN2015000654W WO2016197280A1 WO 2016197280 A1 WO2016197280 A1 WO 2016197280A1 CN 2015000654 W CN2015000654 W CN 2015000654W WO 2016197280 A1 WO2016197280 A1 WO 2016197280A1
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reactor
tetrafluoropropene
catalyst
stage
mixture
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PCT/CN2015/000654
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雷俊
王爱国
杨波
张彦
周华东
赵阳
刘国安
朱意
苏刚
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浙江衢州巨新氟化工有限公司
浙江衢化氟化学有限公司
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Priority to EP15894551.9A priority Critical patent/EP3309138B1/en
Priority to JP2016540640A priority patent/JP6362705B2/ja
Priority to PL15894551T priority patent/PL3309138T3/pl
Priority to PCT/CN2015/000654 priority patent/WO2016197280A1/zh
Publication of WO2016197280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016197280A1/zh
Priority to US15/405,268 priority patent/US9856192B2/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/25Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/35Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction
    • C07C17/354Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction by hydrogenation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/38Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/38Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C17/383Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by distillation

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  • This invention relates to a process for the preparation of fluoroolefins, and more particularly to a process for the co-production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
  • Hydrofluoroolefin such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), HFO-1234yf boiling point - 29.5 ° C, GWP value of 4, atmospheric life of 10 days, can be used as refrigerant, fire extinguishing agent, propellant, foaming agent, foaming agent, carrier fluid, polishing abrasive, power cycle working fluid.
  • HFO-1234yf is in the field of refrigerants, as a fourth-generation refrigerant to replace 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a).
  • HFO-1234ze has two types, Z type and E type.
  • Z type has a boiling point of 9 ° C
  • E type has a boiling point of -19 ° C
  • GWP value is 6.
  • Z type can be used as a foaming agent, and type E can be mixed with other substances. Refrigerant use.
  • HFO-1234ze has many preparation routes, mainly 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) gas phase de-HF method, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb
  • the gas phase de-HF method, etc., HFC-245eb raw materials are not easy to obtain, so the current use of HFC-245fa gas phase de-HF method to produce HFO-1234ze.
  • the preparation methods of HFO-1234yf with industrial production prospects mainly include 3,3,3-trifluoropropene method, hexafluoropropylene method and 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene method.
  • 3,3,3-trifluoropropene raw material 3,3,3-trifluoropropene is not easy to obtain, and the process route is long, three wastes are high, and the product cost is high; 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene method
  • the preparation of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene raw materials is complicated, and there are more three wastes in the process;
  • hexafluoropropylene can be prepared by difluorochloromethane (HCFC-22), so HFO is synthesized from hexafluoropropylene.
  • -1234yf is an ideal process route from the perspective of the industrial chain.
  • HFO-1234yf from hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and hydrogen (H 2 ) is generally carried out in four steps: two-step hydrogenation, two-step dehydrofluorination, and the first reaction of hexafluoropropylene and hydrogen to form 1,1 1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), the second step of HFC-236ea gas phase or liquid phase saponification dehydrofluorination to obtain 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye) In the third step, HFO-1225ye and hydrogen are reacted to form 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb).
  • HFC-245eb is subjected to gas phase or liquid phase saponification dehydrofluorination to obtain HFO-1234yf. Therefore, the hexafluoropropylene process has many disadvantages such as many process steps, low yield, large equipment investment, and high cost.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN102267869A published on December 7, 2011, the invention name: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene synthesis method.
  • the invention uses hexafluoropropylene as a starting material to prepare 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane by hydrogenation of a) 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropylene; Preparation of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene by dehydration of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; c) 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene catalytic addition Preparation of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane by hydrogen; d) Preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrogenation of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
  • the invention is carried out in four steps, the reaction route is long, the total yield is not high,
  • FIG. 1 Another example is Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101671229A, published on March 17, 2010, the name of the invention: a method for preparing a fluorinated compound.
  • the invention comprises the steps of: (i) hydrogenating hexafluoropropylene to produce 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; (ii) making 1,1,1,2 obtained in the previous step Dehydrofluorination of 3,3-hexafluoropropane to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene; (iii) 1, 2, 3, 3, 3 obtained in the previous step Hydrogenation of pentafluoro-1-propene to produce 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; and (iv) dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane obtained in the previous step To produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene.
  • Steps (ii) and (iv) are carried out using a mixture of water and potassium hydroxide at a temperature of 110 to 180 ° C.
  • potassium hydroxide accounts for 58 to 86 by weight of the mixture. %.
  • the invention name a method for preparing a fluorinated olefin.
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fluorinated olefins, in particular to the preparation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and/or 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluorocarbon using a single series of four-unit operations.
  • the invention aims at the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a co-production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3- with simple process, low investment, low energy consumption and high conversion rate.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps:
  • the C stage is reacted at the temperature of the B stage material to obtain a mixture containing 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride. ;
  • step (b) The mixture obtained in the step (a) is introduced into the first rectification column, and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane is obtained at the top of the column, and is recycled to the lower portion of the first stage of the first reactor.
  • the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride obtained in the column reactor are introduced into the second reactor, and the reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst.
  • the second reactor has a reaction temperature of 200 to 450 ° C, and the obtained 2 is obtained. a mixture of 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, hydrogen fluoride and unreacted 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane;
  • step (c) The mixture obtained in the step (b) is washed with water, washed with alkali, and dried to obtain 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1.
  • a mixture of 2,3-pentafluoropropane the mixture is passed to a second rectification column, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene are obtained at the top of the column.
  • 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane recycling 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane to the second reactor;
  • the molar ratio of hydrogen to hexafluoropropylene described in the step (a) is preferably 2 to 2.5:1, the space velocity is preferably 200 to 800 h -1 , and the reaction temperature of the A stage is preferably 55 to The reaction temperature in the B-stage is preferably from 180 to 250 ° C at 150 °C.
  • the second reactor reaction temperature described in the step (b) is preferably from 250 to 400 °C.
  • the stage A catalyst described in the step (a) is preferably Pd/Al 2 O 3 , wherein the mass percentage of Pd is preferably from 0.3 to 3%.
  • the composition of the B-stage catalyst described in the step (a) is preferably a mass percentage, and the composition thereof is preferably 5 to 10% of chromium oxide, 80 to 90% of alumina, and 3 to 10% of zinc oxide.
  • the C-stage catalyst described in the step (a) is preferably Pd/AlF 3 or Pd/C, wherein the mass percentage of Pd is preferably from 0.3 to 3%.
  • the first reactor of the invention is divided into three sections A, B and C, each section is filled with different catalysts, and the raw materials hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are preheated by the preheater, and then enter the first reactor, in turn, in A, B.
  • the reaction is carried out in the third stage of C, and the hexafluoropropylene is completely converted in the A stage, and the obtained mixture includes HFC-236ea formed by the reaction and an excessive amount of H 2 .
  • the mixture enters the B stage, and the HFC-236ea undergoes a gas phase dehydrogenation reaction in the B stage, and the resulting mixture enters the C stage to continue the reaction, thereby obtaining a mixture containing HFC-236ea, HFC-245eb and a small amount of HF.
  • the first reactor A is a hydrogenation reaction of hexafluoropropylene.
  • the reaction is a strong exothermic reaction.
  • the reaction temperature has a great influence on the activity of the catalyst and the selectivity of the product.
  • the reaction temperature is increased, which contributes to the improvement of the activity of the catalyst.
  • the hydrogenation of hexafluoropropylene is easier, the conversion of hexafluoropropylene and the selectivity of FC-236ea can reach 100% at a lower temperature.
  • the reaction temperature should be lowered as much as possible to reduce the energy consumption.
  • the reaction temperature in the A stage is 50 to 200 ° C, and the reaction temperature is preferably 55 to 150 ° C.
  • the space velocity increases, the contact time between the reactant and the catalyst bed decreases, the activity of the catalyst decreases, and the complete conversion of hexafluoropropylene is ensured, and the space velocity is selected to be 100 to 1000 h -1 , preferably 200 to 800 h -1 .
  • the molar ratio of H 2 and hexafluoropropylene has a great influence on the reaction, the molar ratio is low, the concentration of H 2 in the reaction system is low, the catalyst activity is low, and the molar ratio of H 2 and hexafluoropropylene is increased, which is effectively prevented.
  • Catalyst coke formation occurs, the selectivity and stability of the catalyst are improved, and the activity of the catalyst is gradually increased. Considering that excess hydrogen can carry away the heat of reaction and provide hydrogenation feedstock for the C-stage reaction, hydrogen and hexafluoropropylene are selected.
  • the molar ratio is from 2 to 5:1, preferably from 2 to 2.5:1.
  • Part B is a gas phase dehydrofluorination reaction with high temperature and high conversion of HFC-236ea, but the selectivity of the target product is low.
  • the reaction temperature is selected from 150 to 300 ° C, preferably 180 °. 250 ° C.
  • the first reactor C section does not require external heating. By directly entering the material of the B section into the C section, the reaction temperature required for the C section is provided, thereby achieving comprehensive utilization of heat and reducing energy consumption.
  • the reaction temperature of the second reactor is too low, the single-pass conversion of HFC-245eb is low, and the reaction moves in the direction of generating HFO-1234ze; the temperature is high, and the reaction moves in the direction of generating HFO-1234yf, which can be adjusted according to the needs of the product.
  • the reaction temperature of the reactor Considering the conversion ratio and the composition of the finished product, the reaction temperature of the second reactor in the present invention is 200 to 450 ° C, and the reaction temperature is preferably 250 to 400 ° C.
  • Pd loss Pd loss
  • Pd sintering coking carbon deposits
  • catalyst poisoning the main reasons for the deactivation of Pd catalysts.
  • the moisture content in the raw material gas is too high, the loss of the active component Pd in the catalyst is caused.
  • the temperature is high, the specific surface area of the catalyst and the micropores decrease, the active component Pd is supported in the pores of the carrier, the micropores are partially filled so that the number and the pore volume are reduced, and the high temperature also causes the sintering of the Pd particles.
  • Impurities such as arsenic, sulfur, and carbon monoxide in the raw materials may also cause catalyst poisoning.
  • the catalyst used in the first reactor B section and the second reactor of the present invention may employ a catalyst known in the art as chromium oxide as an active component, and the catalyst described in the first reactor section B is preferably a mass percentage, and its composition is preferably : Chromium oxide 5-10%, alumina 80-90%, zinc oxide 3-10%.
  • the catalyst is prepared by impregnating a chloride salt of chromium and zinc on an alumina carrier, followed by drying, roasting, and chromium. And the chloride of zinc turns into an oxide, and after fluorination, a catalyst is obtained.
  • the catalyst described in the second reactor preferably has a composition of: chromium oxide 60-80%, indium oxide 4-10%, nickel oxide 10-35%, and the catalyst is prepared by: chromium, indium and nickel.
  • the chloride salt reacts with the precipitating agent to form a suspended solid of hydroxide, which is filtered, washed, dried and calcined to obtain chromium, aluminum and zinc oxide, and then granulated and tableted to obtain a catalyst precursor, which is prepared by fluorination. Get a catalyst. Activation of the catalyst can be carried out in other reactors.
  • the first reactor and the second reactor in the present invention may be of an isothermal or adiabatic type, and the material of the reactor may be selected from acid corrosion resistant materials such as Inconel.
  • a perforated baffle may be disposed between each section of the first reactor, and the catalyst is loaded in the order of C, B, and A from bottom to top.
  • the shape of the catalyst is preferably spherical or columnar, and the reaction gas velocity is kept smooth to ensure uniform void ratio. Prevent the gas mixture from being dispersed in the axial and radial directions.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the process is simple, the first reactor is filled with three different catalysts, and three reactions can be performed, which simplifies the process flow;
  • the conversion rate is high. By adjusting the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene in the reactor, and optimizing parameters such as catalyst, reaction temperature and space velocity, the conversion rate of hexafluoropropylene reaches 100%;
  • the first reactor C section does not need external heating, by directly entering the B section of the material into the C section, providing the reaction temperature required for the C section, achieving comprehensive utilization of heat, reducing energy consumption;
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
  • 1 is a preheater
  • 2 is a first reactor
  • 3 is a first rectification column
  • 4 is a second reactor
  • 5 is a water washing tower
  • 6 is an alkali washing tower
  • 7 is a drying tower
  • 8 For the second rectification column
  • 9 is the third rectification column
  • 10 to 23 are pipelines.
  • the process of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the first reactor 2 is divided into three sections A, B and C. Each section is filled with different catalysts.
  • the first reactor 2 is passed through line 11, and the reaction is carried out in three stages A, B, and C.
  • the hexafluoropropylene is completely converted in the A stage, and the resulting mixture includes HFC-236ea formed by the reaction and an excess of H 2 .
  • the mixture enters the B stage, and the HFC-236ea undergoes a gas phase dehydrogenation reaction in the B stage, and the obtained mixture enters the C stage for hydrogenation reaction to obtain a mixture containing HFC-245eb, HFC-236ea, HF and H 2 , and the mixture is subjected to a mixture.
  • the line 13 enters the first rectification column 3, and the HFC-236ea separated from the top of the first rectification column 3 is returned to the lower portion of the first reactor section A via the line 12, and the first rectification column 3 tower is HFC-245eb and HF via line 14 into the second reactor 4, a small amount of noncondensable gas vent H 2.
  • the second reactor 4 outlet contains a mixture of HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HF and unreacted HFC-245eb which enters the water wash column 5 via line 15 and removes most of the HF mixture via line 16 into the caustic wash column 6, further The residual small amount of HF is removed, and the alkali-washed mixture is passed through line 17 to the drying tower 7 to remove a small amount of water in the mixture. After drying, the mixture containing HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze and HFC-245eb is passed through line 18 to the second fine.
  • the temperature of the first stage of the first reactor was raised to 55 ° C
  • the temperature of the B stage was raised to 200 ° C
  • the temperature of the second reactor was raised to 300 ° C.
  • the temperature was raised to 150 ° C at a normal temperature of 1 ° C / min
  • the temperature was raised at 150 ° C or higher by 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a preheater.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2:1
  • the space velocity is 300 h -1
  • the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb.
  • the reaction mixture of HFC-236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A section of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:
  • the temperature of the first stage of the first reactor was raised to 70 ° C
  • the temperature of the B stage was raised to 240 ° C
  • the temperature of the second reactor was raised to 330 ° C.
  • the temperature was raised to 150 ° C at a normal temperature of 1 ° C / min
  • the temperature was raised at 150 ° C or higher by 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the feed reaction is started, and hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2.5:1, the space velocity is 500 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC.
  • the reaction mixture of -236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography, and the organic composition thereof was as follows:
  • the first reactor A is heated to 65 ° C
  • the B section is heated to 250 ° C
  • the second reactor is heated to 350 ° C
  • the first reactor and the second reactor are heated, the normal temperature is 150 ° C, the heating rate is 1 ° C / Min, the heating rate above 150 ° C is 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the first reactor and the second reactor were warmed up, they were dried by nitrogen gas for 2 hours.
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 3:1, the space velocity is 800 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC.
  • the reaction mixture of -236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:
  • the first reactor A was heated to 100 ° C
  • the B section was heated to 210 ° C
  • the second reactor was heated to 280. °C
  • the temperature rise rate of 150 ° C or more is 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2.5:1, the space velocity is 200 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC.
  • the reaction mixture of -236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:
  • the first reactor A is heated to 80 ° C
  • the B section is heated to 180 ° C
  • the second reactor is heated to 250 ° C.
  • the normal temperature is 150 ° C and the heating rate is 1 ° C / Min
  • the heating rate above 150 ° C is 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the first reactor A is heated to 150 ° C
  • the B section is heated to 250 ° C
  • the second reactor is heated to 400 ° C
  • the first reactor and the second reactor are heated, the normal temperature is 150 ° C, the heating rate is 1 ° C / Min, the heating rate above 150 ° C is 0.5 ° C / min.
  • the first reactor and the second reactor were warmed up, they were dried by nitrogen gas for 2 hours.
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2.1:1, the space velocity is 300 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC.
  • the reaction mixture of -236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H 2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2:1, the space velocity is 500 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC.
  • the reaction mixture of -236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the A stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column reactor enters the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:
  • the feed reaction is started, and the hexafluoropropylene and H2 are mixed and passed to a vaporizer.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 to hexafluoropropylene is 2.2:1, the space velocity is 600 h -1 , and the first reactor outlet contains HFC-245eb, HFC-.
  • the reaction mixture of 236ea and HF enters the first rectification column, and the HFC-236ea at the top of the column is recycled back to the lower portion of the first stage of the first reactor, and the mixture of the column is passed to the second reactor.
  • the mixture of the first reactor and the second reactor outlet was sampled, and the composition of the organic matter was analyzed by gas chromatography as follows:

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,原料六氟丙烯和氢气预热后进入第一反应器,第一反应器分为A、B、C三段,每段装填不同的催化剂,控制不同的反应条件进行反应,得到含1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷和氟化氢的混合物,分离后1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷返回到反应器的A段下部,1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷和少量氟化氢进入第二反应器,在催化剂的作用下进行反应,得到含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟化氢和未反应的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的混合物,经水洗、碱洗、干燥、精馏后得到2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯产品。本发明工艺简单、投资小、能耗低、转化率高。

Description

一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及含氟烯烃的制备方法,尤其涉及一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法。
背景技术
氢氟烯烃(hydrofluoroolefin,HFO),如2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze),HFO-1234yf沸点为-29.5℃,GWP值为4,大气寿命为10天,可作为制冷剂、灭火剂、推进剂、发泡剂、起泡剂、载体流体、抛光研磨剂、动力循环工作流体。HFO-1234yf比较具有前景的用途是制冷剂领域,作为第四代制冷剂用来替代1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)。HFO-1234ze有Z型和E型两种,Z型沸点为9℃,E型沸点为-19℃,GWP值为6,Z型可作为发泡剂,E型可以和别的物质混配作为制冷剂使用。
HFO-1234ze制备路线比较多,主要有1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa)气相脱HF法,1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245eb)气相脱HF法等,HFC-245eb原料不易得,所以目前采用较多的是HFC-245fa气相脱HF法生产HFO-1234ze。
HFO-1234yf具有工业化生产前景的制备方法主要有3,3,3-三氟丙烯法、六氟丙烯法和1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯法。3,3,3-三氟丙烯法原料3,3,3-三氟丙烯不易得,采用这种工艺路线流程长,三废多,产品成本高;1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯法1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯原料的制备比较复杂,过程中三废比较多;六氟丙烯可通过二氟氯甲烷(HCFC-22)制备而成,所以以六氟丙烯为原料合成HFO-1234yf从产业链的角度看是一条比较理想的工艺路线。
以六氟丙烯(HFP)和氢气(H2)为原料合成HFO-1234yf,一般经过四步反应:两步加氢,两步脱氟化氢,第一步反应六氟丙烯和氢气反应生成1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷(HFC-236ea),第二步反应HFC-236ea气相或液相皂化脱氟化氢得到1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye),第三步反应HFO-1225ye和氢气生成1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245eb),第四步反应HFC-245eb气相或液相皂化脱氟化氢得到HFO-1234yf。因此六氟丙烯法存在工艺步骤多,收率低,设备投资大,成本高的缺点。
如中国专利公开号CN102267869A,公开日2011年12月7日,发明名称:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的合成方法。该发明以六氟丙烯为起始原料,经过a)1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烯加氢还原制备1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷;b)1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷脱HF制备1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯;c)1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯催化加氢制备1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷;d)1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷脱HF制备2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。该发明分四步进行,反应路线长,总的收率不高,设备投资大。
又如中国专利公开号CN101671229A,公开日2010年3月17日,发明名称:氟化化合物的制备方法。该发明包括如下步骤:(i)使六氟丙烯氢化以产生1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷;(ii)使在前一步骤中得到的1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷脱氟化氢以产生1,2,3,3,3-五氟-1-丙烯;(iii)使在前一步骤中得到的1,2,3,3,3-五氟-1-丙烯氢化以产生1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷;和(iv)使在前一步骤中得到的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷脱氟化氢以产生2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯。在110~180℃的温度下,使用水和氢氧化钾的混合物进行步骤(ii)和(iv),在该水和氢氧化钾的混合物中,氢氧化钾占所述混合物的58~86重量%。不足之处是工艺路线长,液相脱氟化氢,三废较多,收率低,反应器内部腐蚀严重。
再如中国专利公开号CN101544536A,公开日2009年9月30日,发明名称:制备氟化烯烃的方法。该发明涉及制备氟化烯烃的方法,具体而言,提供了利用单一系列的四单元操作制备1,1,1,2-四氟丙烯和/或1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯的方法,所述单元操作是(1)包含六氟丙烯和任选循环的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯的原料的加氢;(2)期望的中间氟代烷烃的分离,所述氟代烷烃例如1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷和/或1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷;(3)中间氟代烷烃脱氟化氢,以制备得到期望的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯和/或1,1,1,2-四氟丙烯,接着再分离出期望的产物,以及任选地将1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯循环。该发明两步加氢在一个反应器进行,两步脱氟化氢在一个反应器进行,对催化剂的要求比较高,反应副产物多。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足之处,提供一种工艺简单、投资小、能耗低、转化率高的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)将六氟丙烯和氢气按摩尔比为2~5∶1预热后通入第一反应器,所述第一反应器 分为A、B、C三段,每段装填不同的催化剂,六氟丙烯和氢气在空速为100~1000h-1的条件下依次在A、B、C三段中进行反应,所述A段反应温度为50~200℃,B段反应温度为150~300℃,C段在B段物料的温度下进行反应,得到含1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷和氟化氢的混合物;
(b)将步骤(a)得到的混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶得到1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷,将其循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜得到的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷和氟化氢进入第二反应器,在催化剂的作用下进行反应,第二反应器反应温度为200~450℃,得到含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟化氢和未反应的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的混合物;
(c)将步骤(b)得到的混合物经水洗、碱洗、干燥后得到含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的混合物,将该混合物进入第二精馏塔,塔顶得到2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯,塔釜得到1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷,将1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷循环到第二反应器;
(d)将步骤(c)得到的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯进入第三精馏塔,塔顶得到2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯产品,塔釜得到1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯产品。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(a)中所述的氢气和六氟丙烯的摩尔比优选为2~2.5∶1,空速优选为200~800h-1,A段反应温度优选为55~150℃,B段反应温度优选为180~250℃。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(b)中所述的第二反应器反应温度优选为250~400℃。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(a)中所述的A段催化剂优选为Pd/Al2O3,其中Pd的质量百分含量优选为0.3~3%。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(a)中所述的B段催化剂按质量百分比,其组成优选为:氧化铬5~10%,氧化铝80~90%,氧化锌3~10%。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(a)中所述的C段催化剂优选为Pd/AlF3或Pd/C,其中Pd的质量百分含量优选为0.3~3%。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,步骤(b)中所述的催化剂按质量百分比,其组成优选为:氧化铬60~80%,氧化铟4~10%,氧化镍10~35%。
本发明第一反应器分为A、B、C三段,每段装填不同的催化剂,原料六氟丙烯和H2经预热器预热后,进入第一反应器中,依次在A、B、C三段中进行反应,在A段中 六氟丙烯完全转化,得到的混合物包括反应生成的HFC-236ea及过量的H2。该混合物进入B段,HFC-236ea在B段进行气相脱HF反应,得到的混合物进入C段继续进行反应,得到含HFC-236ea、HFC-245eb和少量HF的混合物。
第一反应器A段是六氟丙烯加氢反应,反应是强放热反应,反应温度对催化剂的活性和产物的选择性有较大的影响,反应温度升高,有助于催化剂活性的提高,但由于六氟丙烯加氢较容易进行,在较低温度下六氟丙烯的转化率和FC-236ea的选择性可达到100%,考虑到催化剂的工业应用价值,在保证催化剂高活性的同时,要尽可能降低反应温度,减小能耗,因此A段反应温度为50~200℃,优选反应温度为55~150℃。随着空速的增加,反应物与催化剂床层的接触时间减少,催化剂的活性下降,要保证六氟丙烯完全转化,选择空速为100~1000h-1,优选为200~800h-1。H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比对反应有很大的影响,摩尔比低,H2在反应体系中的浓度低,催化剂活性低,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比增加,将会有效地防止催化剂积炭现象的发生,改善催化剂的选择性和稳定性,催化剂的活性逐渐升高,考虑到氢气过量可以带走反应的热量及为C段反应提供加氢原料,因此选择氢气和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2~5∶1,优选2~2.5∶1。
B段是气相脱氟化氢反应,温度高,HFC-236ea的转化率高,但是目标产物的选择性低,根据催化剂的性能及转化率和选择性验证,选择反应温度150~300℃,优选180~250℃。
第一反应器C段不需外部加热,通过将B段的物料直接进入C段,提供C段所需要的反应温度,实现了热量综合利用,降低了能耗。
第二反应器的反应温度太低,HFC-245eb的单程转化率低,反应向生成HFO-1234ze的方向移动;温度高,反应向生成HFO-1234yf的方向移动,可根据产品的需要调整第二反应器的反应温度。综合考虑转化率和成品构成,本发明中第二反应器的反应温度为200~450℃,优选反应温度为250~400℃。
本发明第一反应器A、C段装填贵金属Pd催化剂,在制备负载型贵金属催化剂时,活性组分Pd的含量对催化剂性能有着重要影响。Pd负载量过低,催化活性不够;负载量过高,制备的催化剂容易失活。在一定范围内,催化剂的转化率随着活性组分Pd的负载量增加而升高,但并不是Pd的负载量越高越好,Pd的含量有一个平衡值,活性组分Pd的分散状态与催化剂活性有着密切的关系,Pd的含量无限增加,Pd分散度变化不明显。当Pd负载量增加时主产物的选择性可能会随之下降,因此,从经济和实验要 求考虑,催化剂的最佳负载量必须在保证高的产物选择性和转化率的同时,尽可能降低催化剂的负载量。
Pd催化剂失活的原因主要有:Pd流失、Pd烧结、结焦积碳和催化剂中毒。当原料气中水分含量过高时,会引起催化剂中活性组分Pd的流失。温度高,催化剂的比表面积和微孔下降,活性组分Pd负载在载体的孔道内,微孔被部分填充使得其数量和孔体积均有所减少,温度高也会引起Pd颗粒的烧结。原料中的砷、硫、一氧化碳等杂质也会引起催化剂中毒。
本发明第一反应器B段和第二反应器中所用催化剂可采用本领域已知的氧化铬为活性组分的催化剂,第一反应器B段所述的催化剂按质量百分比,其组成优选为:氧化铬5~10%,氧化铝80~90%,氧化锌3~10%,催化剂的制备方法为:将铬和锌的氯化物盐浸渍在氧化铝载体上,然后经干燥、焙烧,铬和锌的氯化物变成氧化物,氟化后得到催化剂。第二反应器所述的催化剂按质量百分比,其组成优选为:氧化铬60~80%,氧化铟4~10%,氧化镍10~35%,催化剂的制备方法为:将铬、铟和镍的氯化物盐与沉淀剂反应,生成氢氧化物固体悬浮物,经过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧得到铬、铝和锌氧化物,然后造粒、压片成型得到催化剂前体,氟化后制得催化剂。催化剂的活化可以在其它反应器中进行。
本发明中的第一反应器和第二反应器可采用等温或绝热型式,反应器的材质可以选用耐酸性腐蚀的材料,如Inconel。第一反应器每段之间可设置一带孔挡板,从下到上按照C、B、A顺序装填催化剂,催化剂的外形优选球状或柱状,保持反应气速的通畅,保证均匀的空隙率,防止气体混合物沿轴向和径向的离散。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、工艺简单,第一反应器中装填三种不同的催化剂,可以进行三个反应,简化了工艺流程;
2、转化率高,通过调整反应器中H2与六氟丙烯的摩尔比,并优化催化剂、反应温度、空速等参数,使六氟丙烯的转化率达到100%;
3、能耗低,第一反应器C段不需外部加热,通过将B段的物料直接进入C段,提供C段所需要的反应温度,实现了热量综合利用,降低了能耗;
4、投资小,操作弹性大,一套装置可同时生产HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze两种产品,可以根据市场需要灵活调整产品比例,显著降低了设备投资。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
如图所示:1为预热器,2为第一反应器,3为第一精馏塔,4为第二反应器,5为水洗塔,6为碱洗塔,7为干燥塔,8为第二精馏塔,9为第三精馏塔,10~23为管线。
具体实施方式
本发明流程如图1所示,第一反应器2分为A、B、C三段,每段装填不同的催化剂,原料六氟丙烯和H2经管线10通过预热器1预热后,通过管线11进入第一反应器2中,依次在A、B、C三段中进行反应,在A段中六氟丙烯完全转化,得到的混合物包括反应生成的HFC-236ea及过量的H2。该混合物进入B段,HFC-236ea在B段进行气相脱HF反应,得到的混合物进入C段进行加氢反应,得到含HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea、HF和H2的混合物,将该混合物经管线13进入第一精馏塔3,第一精馏塔3塔顶分离出的HFC-236ea经管线12返回到第一反应器的A段下部,第一精馏塔3塔釜HFC-245eb和HF经管线14进入第二反应器4中,少量的H2作为不凝气放空。第二反应器4出口含有HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、HF和未反应的HFC-245eb的混合物经管线15进入水洗塔5,除去大部分HF后的混合物经管线16进入碱洗塔6,进一步除去残留的少量HF,经碱洗后的混合物经管线17进入干燥塔7,除去混合物中的少量水分,干燥后含有HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze和HFC-245eb的混合物经管线18进入第二精馏塔8,第二精馏塔8塔釜得到HFC-245eb,经管线19和20循环进入第二反应器继续反应,第二精馏塔8塔顶得到HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze,经管线21进入第三精馏塔9,第三精馏塔9塔顶得到HFO-1234yf,经管线23包装,第三精馏塔9塔釜得到HFO-1234ze,经管线22包装。
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,但本发明不仅仅局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
先将200ml Pd/AlF3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.3%)装入反应器的C段,300ml 铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬5%,氧化铝90%,氧化锌5%)装入B段,200mlPd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.3%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬60%,氧化铟5%,氧化镍35%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器的A段升温到55℃,B段升温到200℃,第二反应器升温到300℃。第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入预热器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2∶1,空速为300h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0.05 53.4 46.25 0.2
第二反应器(%) 60.3 39.2 0 0.3 0.2
实施例2
先将200ml Pd/AlF3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.6%)装入反应器的C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬10%,氧化铝80%,氧化锌10%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为1%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬80%,氧化铟10%,氧化镍10%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器的A段升温到70℃,B段升温到240℃,第二反应器升温到330℃。第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2.5∶1,空速为500h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分 析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.2 0.2 48.5 50.8 0.3
第二反应器(%) 65.1 34.6 0 0.2 0.1
实施例3
先将200ml Pd/C催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.3%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬8%,氧化铝85%,氧化锌7%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为1.5%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬66%,氧化铟7%,氧化镍27%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器A段升温到65℃,B段升温到250℃,第二反应器升温到350℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为3∶1,空速为800h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0 66.8 32.6 0.5
第二反应器(%) 69.2 30.3 0 0.1 0.4
实施例4
先将200ml Pd/C催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为1%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬6%,氧化铝90%,氧化锌4%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为3%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬70%,氧化铟8%,氧化镍22%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器A段升温到100℃,B段升温到210℃,第二反应器升温到280 ℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2.5∶1,空速为200h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0 45 54.8 0.1
第二反应器(%) 62.8 36.6 0.1 0.2 0.3
实施例5
先将200ml Pd/C催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.5%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬5%,氧化铝85%,氧化锌10%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.8%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬75%,氧化铟5%,氧化镍20%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器A段升温到80℃,B段升温到180℃,第二反应器升温到250℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为4∶1,空速为500h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0 37.8 62.0 0.2
第二反应器(%) 71.1 28.5 0.1 0.2 0.1
实施例6
先将200ml 3%Pd/AlF3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为3%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬6%,氧化铝90%,氧化锌4%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为1.5%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬63%,氧化铟6%,氧化镍31%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器A段升温到150℃,B段升温到250℃,第二反应器升温到400℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2.1∶1,空速为300h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0.1 28.5 71.2 0.1
第二反应器(%) 58.5 41.0 0.1 0.2 0.2
实施例7
先将200ml Pd/AlF3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.5%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬10%,氧化铝86%,氧化锌4%)装入B段,200ml Pd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.5%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬70%,氧化铟4%,氧化镍26%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器A段升温到100℃,B段升温到200℃,第二反应器升温到310℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2∶1,空速为500h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混 合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.1 0 44.8 55 0.1
第二反应器(%) 68.9 30.8 0.1 0.2 0
实施例8
先将200ml Pd/C催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.5%)装入反应器C段,300ml铬-铝-锌催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬5%,氧化铝90%,氧化锌5%)装入B段,200mlPd/Al2O3催化剂(Pd的质量百分含量为0.3%)装入A段。将700ml铬-铟-镍催化剂(按质量百分比,催化剂组成为:氧化铬80%,氧化铟5%,氧化镍15%)装入第二反应器中。
接着将第一反应器的A段升温到120℃,B段升温到250℃,第二反应器升温到330℃,第一反应器和第二反应器升温时,常温到150℃升温速度1℃/min,150℃以上升温速度0.5℃/min。第一反应器和第二反应器升温完成后通入氮气干燥2小时。
然后开始投料反应,将六氟丙烯和H2混合后通入汽化器,H2和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2.2∶1,空速为600h-1,第一反应器出口含有HFC-245eb、HFC-236ea和HF的反应混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶的HFC-236ea循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜的混合物进入第二反应器。对第一反应器和第二反应器出口的混合物取样,经气相色谱分析,其有机物组成如下表:
组分 HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze HFC-236ea HFC-245eb 其它
第一反应器(%) 0.2 0 39.5 60.2 0.1
第二反应器(%) 56.8 43.1 0 0 0.1

Claims (7)

  1. 一种联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
    (a)将六氟丙烯和氢气按摩尔比为2~5∶1预热后通入第一反应器,所述第一反应器分为A、B、C三段,每段装填不同的催化剂,六氟丙烯和氢气在空速为100~1000h-1的条件下依次在A、B、C三段中进行反应,所述A段反应温度为50~200℃,B段反应温度为150~300℃,C段在B段物料的温度下进行反应,得到含1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷和氟化氢的混合物;
    (b)将步骤(a)得到的混合物进入第一精馏塔,塔顶得到1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷,将其循环返回到第一反应器的A段下部,塔釜得到的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷和氟化氢进入第二反应器,在催化剂的作用下进行反应,第二反应器反应温度为200~450℃,得到含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟化氢和未反应的1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的混合物;
    (c)将步骤(b)得到的混合物经水洗、碱洗、干燥后得到含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的混合物,将该混合物进入第二精馏塔,塔顶得到2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯,塔釜得到1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷,将1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷循环到第二反应器;
    (d)将步骤(c)得到的2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯进入第三精馏塔,塔顶得到2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯产品,塔釜得到1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯产品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于步骤(a)中所述的氢气和六氟丙烯的摩尔比为2~2.5∶1,空速为200~800h-1,A段反应温度为55~150℃,B段反应温度为180~250℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于步骤(b)中所述的第二反应器反应温度为250~400℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于步骤(a)中所述的A段催化剂为Pd/Al2O3,其中Pd的质量百分含量为0.3~3%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于步骤(a)中所述的B段催化剂按质量百分比,其组成为:氧化铬5~10%,氧化铝80~90%,氧化锌3~10%。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征 在于步骤(a)中所述的C段催化剂为Pd/AlF3或Pd/C,其中Pd的质量百分含量为0.3~3%。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的联产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,其特征在于步骤(b)中所述的催化剂按质量百分比,其组成为:氧化铬60~80%,氧化铟4~10%,氧化镍10~35%。
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