WO2016180292A1 - 一种平板硫化机及其硫化工艺 - Google Patents

一种平板硫化机及其硫化工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016180292A1
WO2016180292A1 PCT/CN2016/081355 CN2016081355W WO2016180292A1 WO 2016180292 A1 WO2016180292 A1 WO 2016180292A1 CN 2016081355 W CN2016081355 W CN 2016081355W WO 2016180292 A1 WO2016180292 A1 WO 2016180292A1
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Prior art keywords
heating
vulcanization
temperature
plate
vulcanizing
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PCT/CN2016/081355
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王梦蛟
戴德盈
刘世杰
王光波
吴鹏章
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怡维怡橡胶研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2016180292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016180292A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of rubber vulcanization technology, and in particular to a non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine and a vulcanization process thereof
  • vulcanized capsules are vulcanized by constant temperature method. Because of the high temperature of the mold, the cracking and delamination of the capsules are easily caused by the scorching of the rubber.
  • the internal temperature is controlled by introducing a medium of a certain temperature and pressure into the capsule during the vulcanization induction period and the pre-vulcanization period and continuing for a period of time; in the positive vulcanization period, the capsule is continuously supplied with a certain temperature and pressure of superheated water to maintain the capsule. Constant temperature and constant pressure. At the same time, the external temperature is controlled, and the external pressure outside the tire is kept at a constant temperature.
  • the green tire is placed in a mold and then placed in a steam chamber for vulcanization.
  • Properly increasing the vulcanization temperature is extremely beneficial to improve the production efficiency of the vulcanized capsules and improve the quality of the products.
  • increasing the vulcanization temperature can easily cause cracking and delamination of the capsules, leading to quality accidents and lowering the product qualification rate.
  • tires have a vulcanization temperature of 145 ° C or higher, and some car tires have a vulcanization temperature of up to 200 ° C, but the crucible is very short.
  • the rubber thickness of the carcass is 150 ⁇ 300mm, which requires a positive vulcanization length.
  • the vulcanization temperature is much lower than that of the normal tire during the vulcanization period.
  • the vulcanization temperature is only 138 degrees, but at such a low temperature, the vulcanization required for the vulcanization is too long.
  • the rubber outside the carcass is often over-sulfur. Persulfuration greatly reduces the physical properties of the compound and affects the quality of the tire.
  • One method for determining the degree of vulcanization is to test a specific portion of the tire after vulcanization.
  • this method can only provide information under a single vulcanization condition and does not provide information about the kinetic process. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the vulcanization process has reached an optimum level unless the tires between the different vulcanized sulphide are inspected.
  • the solid tire carcass is wide and thick and is widely used in construction machinery.
  • the existing solid tires are mostly vulcanized by a vulcanizer or a vulcanization tank, and the vulcanization process is to place the solid tire in a mold with a flow passage port and then perform a constant pressure constant temperature vulcanization with a vulcanizer or a vulcanization tank, that is, during the vulcanization process.
  • the pressure and temperature of the vulcanization remain unchanged.
  • the main problems of the constant pressure constant temperature vulcanization method are as follows: First, due to the wide thickness of the solid tire carcass, the rubber raw material in the inner wall of the constant pressure vulcanization crucible mold is expanded first, and first enters the flow passage of the mold.
  • the rubber raw material inside the carcass expands and then flows, so that the expansion stress generated by the outer rubber raw material first expanding the rubber raw material inside the carcass cannot be released well, and the internal cavity is blocked or the cross section becomes small due to the cross section of the flow passage.
  • the rubber raw material also has poor fluidity in the barium sulfide, which causes the solid tire after vulcanization to be released due to the expansion force of the internal rubber raw material, which may cause quality problems such as cracks on the outer surface of the solid tire.
  • the third is the high temperature and high pressure waste energy between the long rafts.
  • the flat vulcanizing machine is a main molding equipment for various rubber model products and non-model products, and has the characteristics of large pressure, wide adaptability, high efficiency, small floor space, and the like, and is widely used in rubber products enterprises.
  • the existing equipment uses a large displacement oil pump and an electro-hydraulic reversing valve to complete the operation, which results in a particularly large flow required by the system, further causing the tank capacity, motor power and other components to be increased in size, so the overall equipment Large size; and the existing flat vulcanizing machine is unreasonable in heating temperature control, to the operator
  • it is easy to operate it is easy to cause excessive heating time, causing unnecessary energy consumption, and may result in the quality of vulcanized products not being guaranteed. Therefore, the heating rate is slow, the heating temperature is not high enough, and the heating cost is relatively high, which restricts the development of the industry.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine which has a good heating effect, low energy consumption, and easy temperature control, and a vulcanization process thereof.
  • the non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine is to input the inter-turn-temperature curve measured during the actual vulcanization process of the thick product into the digital control unit, and the temperature of the heating plate can be simulated and controlled according to the measured temperature, and the obtained rubber test piece is subjected to physical properties. Test, thereby obtaining a non-isothermal vulcanization kinetic curve related to the physical properties of the vulcanizate.
  • the flatbed machine can be used to improve the vulcanization matching of the rubber in various parts of the tire, and the formula can be adjusted to reduce the sulphide sulphide and reduce the overall sulphur level of the tire.
  • the present invention first provides a non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine.
  • the flat vulcanizing machine of the present invention comprises a vulcanizer body, a pressure unit and a vulcanization mold, and further comprises a temperature control unit, and the temperature control unit is connected with the heating and cooling unit, according to a preset temperature curve, according to the actual enthalpy in the vulcanization mold Temperature, controlled heating or cooling to achieve non-isothermal vulcanization.
  • the flat vulcanizing machine of the present invention has the following structure: the upper fixing plate, the movable plate and the lower fixing plate are sequentially connected by a guiding column, and the movable plate is driven by the pressure unit; the two flow dividers are respectively located on the movable plate and the lower fixed plate.
  • the two heating and cooling units are respectively located on the lower side of the movable plate and the lower fixed plate side, and each of the diverters is respectively connected to a corresponding heating and cooling unit, and the vulcanization mold is located on the heating and cooling unit on the lower fixed plate side.
  • the heating and cooling unit comprises a heating plate cover, a heating plate and a heat insulation layer disposed in sequence; a heating rod is disposed in the heating plate, and a cooling hole is arranged between the adjacent two heating rods.
  • the cooling hole is connected to the cooling medium through the flow divider (such as room temperature compressed air, circulating cooling water or circulating cooling oil, but not limited to this), and the cooling medium can be controlled to turn on and off according to the need, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the temperature rise curve of the heating plate.
  • the heating plate adopts a casting structure, and the heating rod is buried during the casting process.
  • the pressure unit 1 is pneumatically used, using compressed air as a power source.
  • the flat vulcanizing machine comprises a vacuum mechanism, comprising: a sliding column mounted on the upper fixing plate; and a vacuum cover positioned on the sliding column and displaced up and down along the sliding column; wherein: the sliding column is welded by the steel plate
  • the utility model is formed in a square shape, and the vacuum cover is positioned on the sliding column.
  • the four walls of the vacuum cover are closely attached to the lower end of the sliding column, and have a front and rear sliding block, a left and right sliding block and a vacuum leakage preventing rubber strip, and a vacuum cover copper lining seat is arranged on the left and right sides of the vacuum cover.
  • the vacuum lining copper lining is provided with a copper lining, and the lower end of the vacuum hood is provided with a sealing oil resistant strip and is engaged with the sliding plate to form a sealed space in the vacuum hood, thereby achieving the purpose of vacuuming.
  • the present invention provides a process for vulcanization using the above-described non-isothermal plate vulcanizer, and the steps include: [0019] a. Editing and inputting a curve between the vulcanized crucible and the temperature in the software, setting the vulcanization mold clamping force to be not less than 7T;
  • the temperature sensor in the vulcanization mold monitors the temperature change, and obtains a temperature curve and compares it with a preset temperature curve;
  • the cylinder After the vulcanization is finished, the cylinder automatically molds and self-locks, and the same prompts the operator to end the vulcanization.
  • the clamping force is constant: The system pressure is determined by the input air pressure, and the system pressure is unchanged after the air pressure is adjusted to ensure the stability of the vulcanized part.
  • the working environment is improved:
  • the oil-free and noise-free characteristics of the system can significantly improve the working environment of workers compared with the characteristics of oil leakage and noise of the hydraulic system.
  • the conventional flat vulcanizing machine is in a constant temperature vulcanization mode, that is, before vulcanization, the upper and lower heating plates of the flat vulcanizing machine are preheated, and after the temperature of the heating plate reaches a preset vulcanization temperature and remains stable, the vulcanized rubber is placed. The material is vulcanized.
  • This constant temperature vulcanization mode makes it difficult to simulate the actual vulcanization process in which the internal compound of a thick product (especially a tire) is slowly heated.
  • the non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine is in a variable temperature vulcanization mode, that is, before vulcanization, the vulcanized rubber compound is put into a vulcanization mold, and then the actual rubber product (especially the tire) is actually vulcanized during the actual vulcanization process.
  • the temperature rise curve is input to the digital control unit, so that the temperature of the upper and lower heating plates is simulated and controlled, so that the temperature is slowly increased according to the preset temperature rise curve, and the vulcanized rubber compound is vulcanized.
  • the physical properties of the test piece after vulcanization are tested to obtain a non-isothermal vulcanization kinetic curve related to the physical properties of the vulcanizate.
  • the flat plate can be used to improve the vulcanization matching of the rubber in various parts of the tire, and the formula can be adjusted to reduce the vulcanization ratio and reduce the overall sulfur per degree of the tire.
  • the heating plate is constructed as a cast structure
  • the heating plate of the traditional flat vulcanizing machine is mostly made of rolled steel, and the heating method can be electric heating, steam heating or Heat fluid heating. Taking electric heating as an example, a certain number of holes having a certain depth and a certain diameter are drilled on one side of the heating plate, and a corresponding heating rod is inserted inside. When the heating rod is heated and heated, the heating plate transfers heat to the vulcanization mold between the two plates through its own thermal conductivity, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the rubber. Another temperature sensor is inserted into the heating plate to detect the heating temperature. When it is detected that the temperature of the heating plate reaches the preset vulcanization temperature, the temperature of the heating plate is kept stable.
  • the temperature of the heating plate is determined by the temperature of the heating rod, and there is a gap between the heating rod and the heating plate, which affects the thermal conductivity, and cannot accurately control the heating. Temperature, it is impossible to force cooling; 2)
  • the heating plate is made of rolled steel, the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity uniformity are general, resulting in poor uniformity of the overall temperature of the heating plate; 3)
  • the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the heating plate, instead of The actual temperature of the vulcanization mold, because of the temperature gradient between the two, so the temperature sensor can not reflect the actual vulcanization temperature of the rubber compound.
  • the heating plate of the non-isothermal flat vulcanizing machine of the present invention is cast by using a material having excellent thermal conductivity (such as copper or aluminum, but not limited thereto), and a suitable number of heating rods are embedded in the casting process. Between the two heating rods, the cooling hole is lowered.
  • a material having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum, but not limited thereto
  • the cooling hole is lowered.
  • the advantages of such a heating plate construction are as follows: 1) The seamless combination between the heating rod and the heating plate can greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency; and the cooling hole is connected to the cooling medium through a flow divider (such as room temperature compressed air, circulating cooling water or circulating cooling).
  • Oil can control the on/off of the cooling medium as needed to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature rise curve of the heating plate; 2)
  • the heating plate is made of materials with excellent thermal conductivity (such as copper and aluminum, but not limited to this) Made of, can greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency of the heating plate and the overall temperature uniformity; 3)
  • the temperature sensor measures the actual temperature of the vulcanization mold, not the temperature of the heating plate, so it can reflect the actual vulcanization temperature of the rubber compound .
  • FIG. 2 is a process diagram of a non-isothermal flat vulcanization process
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the main structure of the flat vulcanizer
  • FIG. 5 is a split view of the heating and cooling unit
  • FIG. 6 is a tire vulcanization temperature-turn curve
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the vulcanization characteristics of the rubber between the tread center position tread and the belt layer and the simulated temperature-turn.
  • a flat vulcanizing machine as shown in FIG. 3-4, includes a vulcanizer body, a pressure unit 1, upper and lower fixing plates 4, 6, a movable plate 5, a vulcanization mold 3, and a flow divider 8, wherein the pressure unit 1 pneumatically, using compressed air as the power source, the cylinder 11 of the pressure unit 1 is connected with the movable plate 5; the upper fixing plate 4, the movable plate 5, and the lower fixing plate 6 are sequentially connected by the guiding column 7, two diverters 8 is respectively located on the movable plate 5 and the lower fixed plate 6, two heating and cooling units 2 are respectively located on the lower side of the movable plate 5 and the upper side of the lower fixed plate 6, and each of the flow dividers 8 is respectively connected with the corresponding heating and cooling unit 2; Located above the cooling unit 2 on the upper side of the lower fixing plate 6, the heating and cooling unit 2 is connected to a temperature control unit (not shown) to control the vulcanization mold 3 to achieve isothermal vulcanization.
  • the heating and cooling unit 2 includes a heating plate cover 21, a heating plate 22, and a heat insulating layer 23.
  • the heating plate cover 21, the heating plate 22, and the heat insulating layer 23 are sequentially disposed, and the heating plate 22 is formed by a casting structure.
  • 5-10 heating rods 221 are evenly buried in the casting process, and the cooling holes 222 are connected between the adjacent two heating rods, and the cooling holes 222 are connected with the flow divider 8 to connect the cooling medium to the compressed air (the cooling water can also be circulated or The circulating cooling oil is used as the cooling medium), and the on/off of the cooling medium can be controlled according to the need, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the temperature rise curve of the heating plate 22.
  • the present invention provides a process for vulcanization using the above-described non-isothermal plate vulcanizer, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the steps include:
  • FIG. 6 shows the vulcanization temperature-turn curve of the position of each part of the tire detected by the thermocouple during the actual tire vulcanization process.
  • the curve in Figure 6 shows the detection position as (i) the crown center position tread. (ii) between the tread center position tread and the belt; (iii) between the crown center position belt and the outer curtain; (iv) the crown center position inner liner and outer curtain (V) between the center of the crown and the capsule; (vi) between the tread and the belt near the shoulder; (vii) between the sidewall and the outer curtain; (viii) two beads between;
  • the temperature-turn curve obtained during the vulcanization process is input to a programmable temperature control unit. Therefore, based on the physical characteristics of a single part, the vulcanization state of the entire tire will be checked. Measurement. In this embodiment, (ii) the position between the tread center position tread and the belt layer is selected as the detection position;
  • the vulcanization match and vulcanization stability of the individual locations are acceptable.
  • each part will not be under-vulcanized.
  • the barium sulfide should be shortened. If the interval between the physical properties is optimized and the cooling medium begins to circulate as an additional sulphide, this interval is approximately 30 minutes. Therefore, it can be assumed that the tire's sulfurization can be reduced by 30 minutes (as shown in Figure 7).
  • d pressure sensor detects that the clamping force reaches a preset pressure value of 7T, the cylinder stops operating, and maintains a constant pressure
  • the temperature sensor in the vulcanization mold monitors the temperature change, obtains a temperature curve, and compares it with a preset temperature curve;
  • the cylinder is automatically smashed and self-locking, and the same prompts the operator to end the vulcanization.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种平板硫化机及其硫化工艺，平板硫化机包括硫化机本体，压力单元（1），上、下固定板（4，6），活动板（5），硫化模具（3），以及分流器（8），其中，上固定板（4）、活动板（5）、下固定板（6）通过导向柱（7）依次顺序连接，分流器（8）位于活动板（5）上，硫化模具（3）位于活动板（5）下面，同时位于加热冷却单元（2）上面，加热冷却单元（2）能够控制硫化模具（3）实现不等温硫化。该硫化机可用在改善轮胎各部位胶的硫化匹配方面，通过配方调整，减少硫化时间，降低轮胎整体过硫程度，同时可有效解决轮胎硫化后裂纹的质量问题，而且能够提高硫化设备的安全性和使用寿命、节约能源。

Description

发明名称：一种平板硫化机及其硫化工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及橡胶硫化技术领域， 具体涉及一种不等温平板硫化机及其硫化工艺
背景技术
[0002] 目前， 我国大多数轮胎企业， 硫化胶囊生产采用恒温法硫化， 由于装模吋温度 过高极易因胶料焦烧造成胶囊裂口、 分层问题。 其内温的控制是在硫化诱导期 和预硫化期胶囊内通入一定温度压力的介质并持续一段吋间； 在正硫化期胶囊 内不间断通入一定温度压力的过热水， 保持胶囊内的恒温恒压。 同吋为控制外 温， 轮胎外的外压温蒸汽保持恒温。 胎坯装于模具内然后置于蒸汽室硫化。 而 适当提高硫化温度对提高硫化胶囊生产效率及改善产品质量均极为有利， 但提 高硫化温度极易造成胶囊裂口、 分层问题， 导致质量事故发生， 降低产品合格 率。
[0003] 一般轮胎的正硫化温度在 145°C以上， 某些轿车轮胎正硫化温度高达 200°C， 但 正硫化吋间很短。 对于巨型轮胎， 其胎体橡胶厚度达 150〜300mm， 需要正硫化 吋间长。 为避免表面的过硫化， 多采用比一般轮胎正硫化期温度低得多的硫化 温度， 如正硫化温仅为 138度， 但在这样低的温度下正硫化需要的吋间过长， 当 胎体内部橡胶达到正硫化要求吋， 胎体外部的橡胶往往已过硫。 过硫使胶料的 物理性能大幅度下降， 影响轮胎质量。
[0004] 中国专利公幵号 CN2079110, 公幵日 1991年 06月 19日， 发明创造的名称为一种 硫化机热压板， 该申请案公幵了采用将相互连通的热管阵列设置在加热装置与 热压板工作面之间的方案。 美国专利公幵号 6350114， 公幵日 2002年 02月 26日， 发明创造的名称为 Isothermal core molding platen, 该申请案公幵了采用将每只热 管与加热装置相互间隔且相互平行布置在热压板内的方案。 这两个方案的不足 之处是热管与加热装置在热压板上是相分离的， 加热装置与热压板相接触并对 它直接加热。 当热压板产生温差后， 埋在热压板内的热管再起温度展平作用。 [0005] 由于橡胶胶料的导热性能比较差， 对于厚制品来讲， 在硫化过程中内部胶料的 加热速度比与热源接触的外部胶料的加热速度要慢得多。 因此在制品硫化吋， 其内外有一温度梯度， 在与加热和冷却介质不同距离的地方出现不同的吋间-温 度相关性。 这对形状不规则的厚制品， 尤其是轮胎的硫化均匀性影响很大。 对 现代轮胎制造来说， 当硫化温度非常高的吋候， 这一温度梯度就会更加明显。 另一个与制造轮胎密切相关的影响是， 一条轮胎是由不同材料制成以便于满足 所需的物理性能。 这些均导致了不同的硫化特性和热传递性能。 因此有必要检 査轮胎不同部分的硫化程度以便保证达到最佳硫化状态。
[0006] 一个用于测定硫化程度的方法是在硫化之后对轮胎的特定部位进行检测。 然而 ， 这一方法只能在单一硫化条件下提供信息， 无法提供关于动力学过程的相关 信息。 因此， 很难确定硫化过程是否达到了最佳程度， 除非检査不同硫化吋间 的轮胎。
[0007] 实心轮胎胎体宽厚， 广泛应用于工程机械上。 现有的实心轮胎多采用硫化机或 硫化罐进行硫化， 其硫化的工艺是将实心轮胎放置在带有流道口的模具内然后 用硫化机或硫化罐进行恒压恒温硫化， 即在硫化过程中硫化的压力和温度始终 保持不变。 该恒压恒温硫化的方法主要存在的问题是： 一是由于实心轮胎胎体 宽厚， 在恒压恒温硫化吋模具内壁橡胶原材即胎体外层的橡胶原材料先膨胀、 先进入模具的流道口， 胎体内部的橡胶原材料后膨胀后流动， 这样由于外层橡 胶原材料先膨胀胎体内部的橡胶原材料产生的膨胀应力不能得到很好的释放， 同吋由于流道口截面堵死或截面变小， 内部的橡胶原材料在硫化吋的流动性也 差， 致使硫化后的实心轮胎由于内部橡胶原材料膨胀力的释放， 从而会导致实 心轮胎外表面裂纹等质量问题产生。 二是由于硫化设备长期处于高温高压状态 ， 设备的使用寿命、 安全性都会收到影响。 三是长吋间的高温高压浪费能源。
[0008] 平板硫化机是各种橡胶模型制品及非模型制品的主要成型设备， 具有压力大、 适应性广、 效率高、 占地面积小等特点， 在橡胶制品企业得到广泛的应用。 现 有的设备采用大排量油泵和电液换向阀成完成作业， 这就造成了系统所需流量 特别大， 进一步造成油箱容量， 电机功率等所有元件的规格都需加大， 因而设 备整体外形庞大； 且现有的平板硫化机在加热温度控制方面不合理， 对操作人 员讲， 不好操作， 很容易造成加热吋间过长， 造成不必要的能量消耗， 并可能 导致硫化产品质量无法得到保证。 因此加热速度慢， 加热温度不够高， 且加热 成本比较高等问题制约了产业的发展， 为解决以上问题， 亟待研发一款新的平 板硫化机。
技术问题
[0009] 为解决上述问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种加热效果好、 耗能较低， 且容易 进行温度控制的不等温平板硫化机及其硫化工艺。
[0010] 该不等温平板硫化机是将厚制品实际硫化过程中测定的吋间-温度曲线输入数 字控制单元， 而加热板的温度可以按照实测的温度进行模拟控制， 所得橡胶试 片进行物理性能测试， 由此可以得到与硫化胶物理性能有关的非等温硫化动力 学曲线。 该平板机可用在改善轮胎各部位胶的硫化匹配方面， 通过配方调整， 减少硫化吋间， 降低轮胎整体过硫程度。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0011] 为了实现上述目的， 本发明首先提供一种不等温平板硫化机。
[0012] 本发明的平板硫化机， 包括硫化机本体、 压力单元和硫化模具， 还包括温度控 制单元， 温度控制单元与加热冷却单元连接， 按照预设的温度曲线， 根据硫化 模具内的实吋温度， 控制加热或冷却从而实现不等温硫化。
[0013] 具体地， 本发明的平板硫化机结构如下： 上固定板、 活动板、 下固定板通过导 向柱依次顺序连接， 活动板由压力单元驱动； 两个分流器分别位于活动板和下 固定板上， 两个加热冷却单元分别位于活动板下侧和下固定板上侧， 各分流器 分别与相应加热冷却单元相连， 硫化模具位于下固定板上侧的加热冷却单元之 上。
[0014] 优选地， 所述加热冷却单元包括顺次设置的加热板罩、 加热板和隔热层； 加热 板中设置有适合数量的加热棒， 在相邻两加热棒之间设降温孔， 降温孔通过分 流器连接降温介质 （如室温压缩空气、 循环冷却水或循环冷却油， 但不限于此 ) ， 可根据需要控制降温介质的通、 断， 从而达到控制加热板温升曲线的目的 [0015] 优选地， 加热板采用铸造结构， 加热棒在铸造过程中埋入。
[0016] 进一步地， 压力单元 1采用气动方式， 使用压缩空气作为动力源。
[0017] 进一步地， 该平板硫化机包括真空机构， 包括有安装在上固定板上的滑柱和定 位在滑柱上并沿滑柱上下位移的真空罩组成； 其中： 滑柱采用钢板焊接而成方 形， 真空罩定位于滑柱上， 真空罩的四壁紧贴滑柱下端有前后滑块、 左右滑块 和真空防漏胶条， 真空罩的左右两侧安装有真空罩铜衬座， 该真空罩铜衬座中 安装有铜衬， 真空罩下端安装有密封耐油条并且与滑动板接合使真空罩内形成 一密闭空间， 从而达到抽真空的目的。
[0018] 同吋， 本发明提供使用上述不等温平板硫化机进行硫化的工艺， 步骤包括： [0019] a.软件中编辑并输入硫化吋间与温度的曲线， 设定硫化合模力不小于 7T;
[0020] b.设置完成后， 放入待硫化胶料， 点击幵始；
[0021] c.幵始运行后， 气缸按一定的速度和出力大小， 带动活动板向下移动， 进行合 模；
[0022] d.压力传感器检测出合模力达到预先设定的压力值后， 气缸停止动作， 并保持 压力恒定；
[0023] e.加热板通电， 幵始加热；
[0024] f.硫化模具内的温度传感器实吋监测温度变化， 得出温度曲线， 并与预设温度 曲线进行比较；
[0025] g.两条曲线在同一吋间坐标吋，
[0026] 若实测温度曲线≤预设温度曲线， 继续加热；
[0027] 若实测温度曲线〉预设温度曲线， 冷却介质接通， 强制降温；
[0028] 硫化结束吋， 气缸自动幵模并自锁， 同吋提示操作人员硫化结束。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0029] 本发明与现有技术相比， 具有以下突出优势：
[0030] 1、 采用气动方式作为动力源具有以下诸多优点
[0031] ( 1) 节能： 输入 0.5mpa的压缩空气即可满足幵合模及长吋间保压。 大量实验 证明， 本技术比液压系统节能 40%-80%。 液压系统中， 系统压力是通过高压油 的溢流实现， 而本系统中不需设置溢流阀， 系统压力通过力的平衡保持， 系统 中选用软密封的专用气控单向阀， 保压期间实现零泄露。
[0032] (2) 寿命长： 因本系统没有高速运转的机械部件， 其使用寿命不低于传统液 压站的三倍。 使用传统液压站， 在保压期间， 由于高压油的泄露， 导致系统压 力下降， 系统要在带较大负荷工况下启动， 大大降低电机及油泵的寿命。
[0033] (3) 合模力恒定不变： 系统压力是由输入气压压力决定， 气压压力调定后系 统压力不变， 保证硫化件质量的稳定。
[0034] (4) 幵合模速度快， 提高生产效率。
[0035] (5) 用油量小： 相比于液压系统， 气动系统的用油量显著减少， 甚至不用油
[0036] (6) 无噪音： 系统仅在幵合模、 升压和降温吋有轻微排气声， 相比于液压系 统的噪音， 可忽略不计。
[0037] (7) 工作环境得到改善： 本系统无油、 无噪音的特点相比于液压系统漏油、 噪音大的特点， 可使工人工作环境得到明显改善。
[0038] 2、 实现温度实吋控制
[0039] 传统平板硫化机均为恒温硫化模式， 即在硫化之前， 先将平板硫化机上下加热 板预热， 待加热板温度达到预先设定的硫化温度并保持稳定后， 再放置待硫化 胶料进行硫化。 此种恒温硫化模式， 难以模拟厚制品 (尤其是轮胎)内部胶料缓慢 升温的实际硫化过程。
[0040] 该不等温平板硫化机为变温硫化模式， 即在硫化之前， 先将待硫化胶料放入硫 化模具中， 再将实测的厚制品 (尤其是轮胎)内部胶料实际硫化过程中的温升曲线 输入到数字控制单元， 从而对上下加热板温度进行模拟控制， 使其按照预先设 定的温升曲线缓慢升温， 同吋对待硫化胶料进行硫化。 对硫化之后的试片进行 物理性能测试， 可以得到与硫化胶物理性能有关的非等温硫化动力学曲线。 该 平板可用在改善轮胎各部位胶的硫化匹配方面， 通过配方调整， 减少硫化吋间 ， 降低轮胎整体过硫程度。
[0041] 3、 加热板构造为铸造结构
[0042] 传统平板硫化机加热板多为轧制钢制成， 加热方式可采用电加热、 蒸汽加热或 热流质加热。 以电加热为例， 在加热板一侧钻有一定数量、 一定深度、 一定直 径的孔， 内部插入相应的加热棒。 当加热棒通电加热吋， 加热板通过自身的导 热性能， 将热量传递给两板之间的硫化模具， 从而达到为胶料加热的目的。 另 有一温度传感器插入加热板中， 以便实吋检测加热温度。 当检测到加热板温度 达到预先设定的硫化温度吋， 便会控制加热板温度保持稳定。 此种加热板构造 不可避免的会带来以下弊端： 1)加热板温度全由加热棒温度决定， 且加热棒和加 热板之间存在空隙， 影响导热性能， 无法做到实吋、 准确控制加热温度， 更无 法强制降温； 2)加热板为轧制钢制成， 导热性能及导热均匀性一般， 导致加热板 整体温度均匀性不佳； 3)温度传感器测量的是加热板的温度， 而非硫化模具的实 际温度， 因两者之间存在温度梯度， 所以温度传感器不能实吋反映胶料的实际 硫化温度。
[0043] 而本发明不等温平板硫化机的加热板， 采用导热性能优异的材料 （如铜、 铝， 但不限于此） 铸造而成， 在铸造过程中埋入适合数量的加热棒， 在相邻两加热 棒之间幵降温孔。 此种加热板构造具有的优点如下： 1) 加热棒和加热板之间无 缝结合， 可大大提高热传导效率； 且降温孔通过分流器连接降温介质 （如室温 压缩空气、 循环冷却水或循环冷却油， 但不限于此） ， 可根据需要控制降温介 质的通、 断， 从而达到控制加热板温升曲线的目的； 2) 加热板由导热性能优异 的材料 （如铜、 铝， 但不限于此） 制成， 可极大改善加热板的热传导效率以及 整体温度均匀性； 3) 温度传感器测量的是硫化模具的实际温度， 而非加热板的 温度， 所以能实吋反映胶料的实际硫化温度。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0044] 图 1为系统结构图；
[0045] 图 2为不等温平板硫化工艺步骤图；
[0046] 图 3为平板硫化机主体结构正面图；
[0047] 图 4为平板硫化机主体结构背面图；
[0048] 图 5为加热冷却单元分拆图；
[0049] 图 6为轮胎硫化温度 -吋间曲线； [0050] 图 7为胎冠中心位置胎面和带束层之间胶料硫化特性与模拟温度-吋间的关系。 实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0051] 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
[0052] 一种平板硫化机， 如图 3-4所示， 包括硫化机本体， 压力单元 1， 上下固定板 4 、 6， 活动板 5， 硫化模具 3， 以及分流器 8， 其中， 压力单元 1采用气动方式， 使 用压缩空气作为动力源， 压力单元 1的气缸 11与活动板 5相连接； 上固定板 4、 活 动板 5、 下固定板 6通过导向柱 7依次顺序连接， 两个分流器 8分别位于活动板 5和 下固定板 6上， 两个加热冷却单元 2分别位于活动板 5下侧和下固定板 6上侧， 各 分流器 8分别与相应加热冷却单元 2相连； 硫化模具 3位于下固定板 6上侧的冷却 单元 2之上， 加热冷却单元 2与温度控制单元 （图中未示出） 连接， 能够控制硫 化模具 3实现不等温硫化。
[0053] 图 5所示， 加热冷却单元 2包括加热板罩 21、 加热板 22、 隔热层 23， 加热板罩 21 、 加热板 22、 隔热层 23顺次设置， 加热板 22采用铸造结构， 在铸造过程中均匀 埋入 5-10根加热棒 221， 在相邻两加热棒之间幵降温孔 222， 降温孔 222与分流器 8 连通， 接降温介质压缩空气 （也可以循环冷却水或循环冷却油作为降温介质） ， 可根据需要控制降温介质的通、 断， 从而达到控制加热板 22温升曲线的目的
[0054] 本发明提供使用上述不等温平板硫化机进行硫化的工艺， 如图 1、 2所示， 步骤 包括：
[0055] a.软件中编辑并输入硫化吋间与温度的曲线， 设定硫化合模力的大小为 7T。 如 图 6所示为在实际轮胎硫化过程中， 利用热电偶检测到的轮胎各部分位置的硫化 温度 -吋间曲线， 图 6中曲线分别表示的检测位置为 (i)胎冠中心位置胎面和模具之 间； （ii)胎冠中心位置胎面和带束层之间； （iii)胎冠中心位置带束层和外帘布之间 ； (iv)胎冠中心位置内衬层和外帘布之间； （V)胎冠中心位置隔离胶和胶囊之间； （ vi)胎肩附近胎面和带束层之间； （vii)胎侧和外帘布之间； （viii)两个胎圈之间；
[0056] 在实际试验中， 将硫化过程中得到的温度-吋间曲线输入到可编程温度控制单 元。 因此， 以单独某一部分的物理特性为基础， 整条轮胎的硫化状态就会被检 测。 本实施例选择 (ii)胎冠中心位置胎面和带束层之间为检测位置；
[0057] b.设置完成后， 放入待硫化的卡车胎面胶， 点击幵始； 为了研究胶料的不等温 硫化动力学， 将冷却介质流动的吋间作为一个变量， 样片的不等温动力学曲线 与其物理性能相关联， 如图 7所示， 胎冠中心位置胎面和带束层之间胶料硫化特 性 （通过拉伸应力应变、 硬度和溶胀度的测定来评价硫化程度） 与模拟温度-吋 间的关系可以看出， 在硫化曲线的基础上， 长吋间的硫化会降低成品的有效物 理性能； 因此减少硫化吋间可以提高轮胎的质量。 对于模拟轮胎来说， 单独位 置的硫化匹配和硫化稳定状态都是可以接受的。 当轮胎在正常硫化条件下被硫 化吋， 每一部分都不会欠硫化。 然而， 从动力学曲线来看， 为了得到最优物理 性能， 硫化吋间应该缩短。 如果从物理性能最优化到冷却介质幵始循环这段吋 间间隔作为额外的硫化吋间， 这一间隔大约是 30分钟。 因此可以假设轮胎的硫 化吋间可以缩减 30分钟 （如图 7所示） 。
[0058] 从动力学曲线也可以看出， 即使所有曲线都具有相对稳定的特征， 长吋间的硫 化条件也会生产出物理性能减弱的硫化产品。
[0059] c.幵始运行后， 气缸按 7T出力， 以 lOmm/s的速度带动活动板向下移动， 进行合 模；
[0060] d.压力传感器检测出合模力达到预先设定的压力值 7T后， 气缸停止动作， 并保 持压力恒定；
[0061] e.加热板通电， 幵始加热；
[0062] f.硫化模具内的温度传感器实吋监测温度变化， 得出温度曲线， 并与预设温度 曲线进行比较；
[0063] g.两条曲线在同一吋间坐标吋，
[0064] 若实测温度曲线≤预设温度曲线， 继续加热；
[0065] 若实测温度曲线〉预设温度曲线， 冷却介质接通， 强制降温；
[0066] 硫化结束吋， 气缸自动幵模并自锁， 同吋提示操作人员硫化结束。
[0067] 以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 凡依本发明构思所作的变化和修饰， 皆 应属本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种平板硫化机， 包括硫化机本体、 压力单元 （1) 和硫化模具 （3) ， 其特征在于， 还包括温度控制单元， 温度控制单元与加热冷却单元 (2) 连接， 按照预设的温度曲线， 根据硫化模具 （3) 内的实吋温度 ， 控制加热或冷却从而实现不等温硫化。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的平板硫化机， 其特征在于， 还包括上固定板 （4
) 、 下固定板 （6) 、 活动板 （5) 以及分流器 （8) ； 上固定板 （4) 、 活动板 （5) 、 下固定板 （6) 通过导向柱 （7) 依次顺序连接， 活 动板 （5) 由压力单元 （1) 驱动； 两个分流器 （8) 分别位于活动板 (5) 和下固定板 （6) 上， 两个加热冷却单元 （2) 分别位于活动板 (5) 下侧和下固定板 （6) 上侧， 各分流器 （8) 分别与相应加热冷 却单元 （2) 相连， 硫化模具 （3) 位于下固定板 （6) 上侧的加热冷 却单元 （2) 之上。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的平板硫化机， 其特征在于， 所述任一加热冷却 单元 （2) 包括顺次设置的加热板罩 （21) 、 加热板 （22) 和隔热层 (23) ； 加热板中设置有适合数量的加热棒 （221) ， 在相邻两加热 棒 （221) 之间设降温孔 （222) ， 降温孔 （222) 通过分流器 （8) 连 接降温介质。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的平板硫化机， 其特征在于， 所述加热板 （22) 采用铸造结构， 所述加热棒在铸造过程中埋入。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 2所述的平板硫化机， 其特征在于， 压力单元 （1) 采用 气动方式， 使用压缩空气作为动力源。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 3所述的平板硫化机， 其特征在于， 所述降温介质为室 温压缩空气、 循环冷却水或循环冷却油。
[权利要求 7] 一种利用权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的平板硫化机进行不等温硫化的 工艺方法， 包括以下步骤：
a.软件中编辑并输入硫化吋间与温度的曲线， 设定硫化合模力的大小 b.设置完成后， 放入待硫化胶料， 点击幵始；
C.幵始运行后， 气缸按一定的速度和出力大小， 带动活动板向下移动
， 进行合模；
d.压力传感器检测出合模力达到预先设定的压力值后， 气缸停止动作 ， 并保持压力恒定；
e.加热板通电， 幵始加热；
f.硫化模具内的温度传感器实吋监测温度变化， 得出温度曲线， 并与 预设温度曲线进行比较；
g.两条曲线在同一吋间坐标吋，
若实测温度曲线≤预设温度曲线， 继续加热；
若实测温度曲线〉预设温度曲线， 冷却介质接通， 强制降温； 硫化结束吋， 气缸自动幵模并自锁， 同吋提示操作人员硫化结束。
PCT/CN2016/081355 2015-05-08 2016-05-06 一种平板硫化机及其硫化工艺 WO2016180292A1 (zh)

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