WO2016169469A1 - 具有保压功能的粉末成型机和粉末保压成型方法 - Google Patents

具有保压功能的粉末成型机和粉末保压成型方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016169469A1
WO2016169469A1 PCT/CN2016/079680 CN2016079680W WO2016169469A1 WO 2016169469 A1 WO2016169469 A1 WO 2016169469A1 CN 2016079680 W CN2016079680 W CN 2016079680W WO 2016169469 A1 WO2016169469 A1 WO 2016169469A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rail
pressing
pressure
powder
disposed
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/079680
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何考贤
王洪
Original Assignee
博罗县何氏模具制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2016169469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016169469A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/03Press-moulding apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of powder molding, and in particular to a powder molding machine having a pressure holding function and a powder pressure holding molding method.
  • the existing powder metallurgy mostly uses a rotary powder molding machine to press and form metal powder.
  • the principle is that a plurality of stations are arranged on the rotating middle plate, and the working position includes a female mold, a corresponding upper and lower setting, and can be inserted into the female mold.
  • Upper and lower, the upper and lower models are respectively connected with an upper pressing rod and a lower pressing rod.
  • the working position is turned to the upper pressing wheel and the lower pressing wheel, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing rod are at the upper pressing wheel and the lower pressing wheel.
  • the upper type will be And the lower type is pressed into the master mold, so that the powder in the master mold is pressed into a compact under a great pressure.
  • the rotary powder molding machine has the advantages of high pressing efficiency, but since the station passes the upper pressing wheel and the lower pressing When the wheel is used, the contact time with the upper pressing wheel and the lower pressing wheel is short, so that the female mold can only press the simple shape of the blank. For the complex shaped blank, the pressing time is short, and the powder cannot be shaped. Because the powder causes an increase in temperature during the pressurization process, the formed compact expands, and when the upper and lower molds are separated from the master mold, the compact is easily expanded and fractured, and on the other hand, due to the upper or lower type directly When leaving the master mold, a vacuum is generated in the cavity of the master mold, causing the billet to crack, and no condensed rubber (such as PVA) is added.
  • PVA condensed rubber
  • the powder of the glue can not be pressed and molded.
  • the production efficiency is lowered, and the lower pressing wheel and the lower rail have a height difference, so that the lower pressing rod moves up and down in the female mold during the pressing rotary motion, so that the lower pressing rod is when the upper pressing rod and the briquetting piece do not leave the female mold.
  • the other method is to press the compact by the hydraulic device, and the hydraulic device is obtained. Thanks to the long stroke and slow pressing speed, the pressed compact has good effect and can suppress the compact shape of the compact, but its efficiency is lower than that of the rotary powder molding machine, which is far from meeting the production demand.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function and a pressure holding method, which reasonably increases the pressing time of the powder forming, ensures the pressing quality of the compact, and has a good pressing effect.
  • the pressing efficiency is high.
  • a powder molding machine having a pressure holding function which comprises:
  • the middle shaft an upper disc, a middle disc and a lower disc
  • the upper disc, the middle disc and the lower disc are driven to rotate synchronously around the central shaft by a driving mechanism
  • the upper disc is provided with an upper pressing wheel
  • the lower disc a lower pressing wheel is disposed below
  • the upper pressing wheel and the lower pressing wheel are correspondingly disposed
  • the middle plate is provided with a plurality of female molds
  • the upper tray is provided with an upper pressing assembly corresponding to the female mold
  • a lower plate is provided with a pressing component corresponding to the female die
  • An upper rail is disposed on an inner side of the upper disc, and a lower rail is disposed under the lower disc, and the upper pressing assembly and the lower pressing assembly respectively perform a turning motion along the upper and lower discs and are vertically along the upper rail and the lower rail respectively Moving in the direction, wherein the lower rail comprises a pushing rail, one end of the pushing rail is tangential to the highest point of the lower pressing wheel and abuts or abuts, and the pressing component slides along the pushing When the rail moves upward, the billet and the pressing component in the master mold are pushed out together from the master mold.
  • the upper pressing assembly includes an upper type, an upper pressing rod and an upper pressing rod plug, the upper type is matched with the female mold, and the upper pressing rod has an upper pressing rod cavity inside, the upper portion a spring is disposed in the cavity of the pressure bar, the upper pressure bar cavity has a step, the diameter of the upper pressure bar plug is matched with the inner diameter of the upper portion of the upper pressure bar cavity, and the upper pressure bar plug is inserted The upper pressure bar cavity is upper, and the upper pressure bar plug is connected to the bottom of the upper pressure bar cavity by a spring.
  • the upper pressing bar has an upper pressing rod bearing, the upper pressing rod bearing is slidably disposed on the upper rail, and the lower end of the lower pressing rod is slidably disposed on the lower rail.
  • the upper rail comprises an upper rail base body, an upper sliding rail, a parallel sliding rail and a downward sliding rail, and the upper rail base body is fixedly connected with the central shaft through an inner slot key, and the guiding rail and the guiding rail
  • the upper slide rail is disposed on two sides of the upper pressure roller, and the parallel slide rail is disposed under the lower pressure roller and disposed between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, wherein the upper guide rail has a screw slot, Leading the slide rail through the screw with the upper
  • the rail base is movably connected, the lead rail has a first connecting rail, the down rail has a second connecting rail, the first connecting rail and the second connecting rail are the same length or different and the first connecting rail And the second connecting rail is connected to each other.
  • the lower rail further includes a lower rail base, and the lower rail base is fixedly connected to the middle shaft through an inner slot key, and the push rail is movably connected to the lower rail base.
  • the push-out rail is connected to the lower rail base body by a screw movable up and down.
  • a spacer is detachably disposed under the protruding rail, and the protruding sliding rail is connected to the lower rail base through the spacer.
  • the pressing assembly includes a middle bar, a lower pressing bar and a lower shape matched with the female die, the middle bar is fixed to the lower plate, and one end of the lower pressing bar and the lower portion a type of connection, the other end sliding on the lower rail, the lower pressing rod is vertically movable in the middle rod seat, the lower pressing rod has a lower pressing rod cavity, and the lower pressing rod cavity is inside A spring is disposed, and the two ends of the spring abut against the bottom of the middle rod and the lower rod cavity respectively.
  • the lower rail further includes a buckle, the buckle is movably disposed on the lower rail, the buckle has a lower guiding groove matched with the pressing component, and the lower guiding slot is along the pressing component The sliding direction gradually extends downward.
  • the invention also provides a powder pressure holding molding method, comprising:
  • the pressing component is placed in the master mold to fill the powder into the master mold;
  • the upper pressing assembly moves downward into the female mold, and the pressing assembly moves upward to press the powder into a compact
  • the pressing component continues to move upward, and the compact and the pressing component are pushed up together to push the female die;
  • the upper press assembly moves upward to complete the compaction of the compact.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the powder in the master mold is pressed by the upper pressing component and the lower pressing component to form a compact, and the pressing component is smoothly slid from the lower pressing wheel to the pushing sliding rail, and the pressing component is pushed out of the sliding rail. Under the guidance, the compact and the pressing component are pushed out together to increase the holding time of the compact, and the upper pressing component or the pressing component is directly pulled out from the female mold, thereby forming a vacuum in the female mold, and the compact It remains in the master mold and is cracked by the influence of vacuum.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an upper plate and an upper rail of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an upper rail of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower rail of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of a pressure maintaining function of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an upper pressing bar of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the operation of an upper pressing wheel and an upper pressing rod of a powder molding machine with a pressure maintaining function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower pressing bar according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower rail according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a powder molding machine 1 having a pressure maintaining function, including:
  • the driving mechanism includes a driving motor 5, a worm and a driving disc, the worm is connected to the driving motor, the driving disc has a serration on a circumferential edge thereof, and the driving disc is engaged with the worm by serrations, Disk 20, middle plate 30 And the lower disc 40 are fixedly connected to the drive disc, respectively, and the upper disc 20, the middle disc 30 and the lower disc 40 are driven to rotate synchronously around the central shaft 11 under the driving of the drive motor 5, the upper disc 20 An upper pressing wheel 25 is disposed above, and a lower pressing wheel 45 is disposed below the lower tray 40.
  • the upper pressing wheel 25 and the lower pressing wheel 45 are correspondingly disposed, and the intermediate plate 30 is disposed.
  • a plurality of female molds 31 are provided, and the upper tray 20 is provided with an upper pressing assembly, and the upper pressing assembly includes an upper mold 21, an upper pressing rod 22 and an upper pressing rod plug 23, and the lower tray 40 is provided with a pressing force.
  • the assembly, the pressing assembly includes a lower type 41 And the lower pressing bar 42, the upper type 21 and the lower type 41 are matched with the female mold 31, and the upper type 21 and the lower type 41 are respectively disposed at the ends of the upper pressing rod 22 and the lower pressing rod 42,
  • the upper pressing rod 22 And the lower pressing rod 42 is pressed into the female mold 31 by the pressure of the upper pressing wheel 25 and the lower pressing wheel 45, respectively, so that the powder in the female mold 31 is pressed into a compact
  • the female mold 31, the upper mold 21 and under 41 Removably disposed on the intermediate plate 30, the upper pressing bar 22, and the lower pressing bar 42, the different female molds 31, upper molds 21, and lower mold portions 41 can press different shapes of the green compacts.
  • the upper disc 20 is provided with an upper rail 26 on the inner side thereof, and a lower rail 46 and an upper pressure rod 22 are disposed below the lower disc 40.
  • the upper pressure bar bearing 223 is slidably disposed on the upper rail 26, and the lower end of the lower pressure bar 42 is slidably disposed on the lower rail 46.
  • the upper rail 26 is provided.
  • the upper rail base 261, the upper sliding rail 264, the parallel sliding rail 263 and the lower sliding rail 262 are included, and the upper rail base 261 passes through the inner slot key and the central shaft 11 a fixed connection, the down slide rail 262 and the upper slide rail 264 are disposed on two sides of the upper pressure wheel 25, and the parallel slide rail 263 is disposed under the lower pressure wheel 25 and disposed on the upper guide rail 264 and the sliding guide rail Rail 262
  • the lower rail 46 includes a lower rail base 461, a push rail 462, a descending rail 463, a packing rail 469 and a pressure rail 464, and a lower rail base 461.
  • the inner rail 11 is fixedly connected by the inner slot key, and the push rail 462, the descending rail 463, the packing rail 469 and the pressure rail 464 are sequentially connected, and the push rail 462 and the pressure rail 464 are connected in sequence.
  • the upper pressing rod 22 and the lower pressing rod 42 are respectively moved in a vertical direction along the upper rail 26 and the lower rail 46 when the turning rod 42 is in a swinging motion, and the pushing rail 462 has one end and a lower pressing wheel. 45
  • the highest point is tangent and adjacent or abuts.
  • the lower pressing rod 42 is rolled by the lower pressing wheel 45, and then smoothly slides to the pushing rail 462, thereby avoiding the lower pressing rod 42 from below.
  • the upper type 21 and the lower type 41 are They are still pressed tightly on the upper and lower surfaces of the compact, which increases the holding time of the compact and avoids the cracking of the compact based on the internal pressure and elastic deformation caused by thermal expansion.
  • the ejection rail 462 is movably connected to the lower rail base 461, specifically, the ejection rail 462.
  • the lower rail base 461 is connected to the lower rail base 461 by screws, and the screws are disposed at the lower portion of the lower rail base 461 and pass through the lower rail base 461 and the push rail 462.
  • the connection is adjusted by adjusting the pitch and height difference between the sliding rail 462 and the lower pressing wheel 45 by screwing, and on the other hand, the inclination of the protruding sliding rail 462 can be adjusted.
  • the protruding sliding rail 462 A spacer is detachably disposed below, and the ejection rail 462 is coupled to the lower rail base 461 by a spacer, and the ejection rail 462 passes through the spacer and the lower rail base 461.
  • the height of the gap between the push rail 462 and the lower pressing wheel 45 can be adjusted, or the inclination of the push rail 462 can be adjusted, and the slide rail 462 can be pushed out.
  • the different inclinations cause the master mold 31 to have different turning strokes during the process of being pushed out of the master mold 31, thereby satisfying the requirements of different thickness billets.
  • the upper sliding rail 264 has a screw groove 264a, and the upper sliding rail 264
  • the upper rail base 261 is movably coupled to the upper rail base 261, and the upper rail 264 has a first connecting rail 264b, and the down rail 262
  • the distance from the upper pressing wheel 25 can be adjusted by screws, and the length of the parallel sliding rail 263 is also adjusted accordingly. Specifically, after the upper pressing rod 22 is rolled by the upper pressing wheel 25, the upper pressing rod 22 is pressed.
  • the upper pressing rod 22 cannot be prematurely slid to the upper sliding rail 264.
  • the upper pressing rod bearing 223 slides on the parallel sliding rail 263.
  • the billet is molded 41 After the upper surface of the female mold 31 is pushed out, the upper pressing rod bearing 223 slides to the upper sliding rail 264, and the upper mold 21 moves upward, leaving the compact, and then the upper pressing rod bearing 223 is along the first connecting rail 264b.
  • the connecting width of the first connecting rail 264b and the second connecting rail 262b is the same as or different from the width of the upper rail 26, and the first connecting rail 264b and the second connecting rail 262b
  • the widths are at least half of the width of the upper rail 26, respectively, so that the upper pressure bar bearing 223 can smoothly slide from the upper sliding rail 264 to the lower sliding rail 262, when the first connecting rail 264b and the second connecting rail 262b If they are completely overlapped, then the angle between the upper rail 264 and the upper pressure roller 25 is the largest, and the upper mold 21 is kept in the female mold 31 for a longer period of time.
  • the sliding rail 462 is fitted.
  • the length and inclination of the mother mold can achieve different pressing time in the master mold 31, which can meet the pressing requirements of the blanks of different thicknesses, further improve the pressing effect of the compacts, and meet the pressing requirements of different shapes of the compacts.
  • the upper pressing rod 22 has an upper pressing rod cavity 221 therein, and the upper pressing rod cavity 221 A spring 24 is disposed therein, the upper pressure bar cavity 221 has a step 222, the upper pressure bar plug 23 has a diameter matching the upper inner diameter of the upper pressure bar cavity 221 and the upper pressure bar head 23 Inserted in the upper part of the upper pressing rod cavity 221, the upper pressing rod plug 23 is connected to the bottom of the upper pressing rod cavity 221 by a spring 24, and the upper part of the upper pressing rod 22 passes through the spring 24 and the upper pressing rod plug twenty three The connection increases the height of the upper pressure bar plug 23 such that the upper pressure bar 22 comes into contact with the upper pressure roller 25 when passing under the upper pressure roller 25, and the upper pressure bar plug 23 is pressed by the upper pressure roller 25 to actuate the upper pressure bar.
  • Cavity 221 The inner downward movement causes the pressure to be transmitted to the upper pressing rod 22 through the spring 24, and the upper pressing rod 22 gradually moves downward, and the upper pressing rod 22 and the upper type 21 after the spring 24 are added. Compared with the original upper pressing rod and the upper type, the female mold 31 is pressed earlier.
  • the upper pressing rod 22 is in contact with the lowest point of the upper pressing wheel 25, the upper pressing rod plug 23 is pressed down to the step of the upper pressing rod cavity 221 222, at this time, the upper pressure bar 22 The pressure is maximized, so that the powder is fully extruded.
  • the spring gradually returns to the position, and the upper pressing rod 22 gradually rises.
  • the spring 24 is fully returned, the upper pressing rod head 23 is pressed.
  • the pressure loss of the upper mold 21 is postponed, and the pressing time of the upper mold 21 is increased by the above process, thereby ensuring the pressing quality of the compact, so that the pressing effect is good while maintaining the pressing efficiency, on the other hand Due to spring 24
  • the elasticity provides cushioning for the upper mold 21, which provides cushioning for the elastic deformation that occurs after the compact is formed by its own internal pressure.
  • the pressing assembly further includes a middle rod 43 and a middle rod 43.
  • the lower pressing rod 42 Fixed in the lower tray 40, the lower pressing rod 42 is vertically disposed in the middle rod seat 43, the lower pressing rod 42 has a lower pressing rod cavity, and the lower pressing rod cavity is disposed in the cavity There is a spring 421, the spring 421 The two ends abut against the bottom of the lower bar cavity of the middle bar 43 and the lower bar 42 respectively.
  • the female die 31 follows the middle plate 30. The rotation is continuously filled with the powder.
  • the powder gradually penetrates between the lower mold 41 and the female mold 31, and the friction between the lower mold 41 and the female mold 31 is increased, so that the lower pressing rod 42
  • the lower mold 41 cannot be completely attached to the lower guide rail 46 by the lower pressing rod 42 fixedly connected to the lower mold 41 due to the increase of the frictional force. Movement, that is, when filling the powder, the lower mold 41 cannot move down to the lowest point, so that the female mold 31
  • the filling of the powder gradually decreases with the operation of the apparatus, resulting in insufficient filling amount of the powder, and the quality of the pressed compact is not up to standard, and is easily collapsed.
  • the lower pressing rod 42 is subjected to the spring 421.
  • the spring force 421 pushes the lower pressing rod 42 down to the lowest point before filling, ensuring that the lower mold 41 moves downward to the lowest point, and the powder filling amount in the female mold 31 is ensured.
  • the lower rail 46 further includes a buckle 465, and the buckle 465
  • the activity is disposed on the lower rail 46, and the buckle 465 has a lower guiding groove 466 matched with the pressing component, and the lower guiding groove 466 gradually extends downward along the sliding direction of the pressing component, specifically, the lower Pressure bar 42
  • the lower pressure bar plug 422 slides on the lower rail 46, and the bottom of the lower pressure bar plug 422 can be snapped to the lower guide groove 466 of the buckle 465, when the lower pressure bar plug 422 is along the lower rail 46
  • the lower pressure bar head 422 slides to the buckle 465, and the lower pressure bar head 422 continues to move downward along the lower guide groove 466, and the lower pressing rod 42 is moved to the lowest point, thereby ensuring the lower type 41
  • the downward movement to the lowest point ensures the filling amount of the powder in the master mold 31, thereby improving the pressing quality of the compact.
  • the invention also provides a powder pressure holding molding method, comprising:
  • the lower mold 41 is placed in the female mold 31, and the powder is filled into the female mold 31;
  • the upper mold 21 is moved downward into the female mold 31, and the lower mold 41 is moved upward to press the powder into a compact;
  • the lower mold 41 continues to move upwards, and the compact block and the upper mold 21 are pushed up together to the female mold 31;
  • the upper mold 21 moves upward to complete the compaction of the compact.
  • the working principle of the powder molding machine 1 having the pressure maintaining function of the present invention is as follows:
  • the driving motor 5 drives the driving wheel to rotate by the worm, so that the upper disk 20, the middle plate 30 and the lower plate 40 are rotated.
  • the plurality of upper molds 21, the female mold 31 and the lower mold 41 on the upper tray 20, the middle tray 30 and the lower tray 40 are synchronously rotated, and the lower mold 41 is placed in the female mold 31 under the support of the lower pressing rod 42.
  • female model 31 As the middle plate 30 rotates to fill the powder to prevent the powder from falling, the lower mold 41 moves to the lowest point under the action of the spring and the buckle 465, ensuring the female mold 31.
  • the upper pressing rod bearing 223 slides down the lower sliding rail 262 of the upper rail 26 to the lower pressing wheel 25, and the upper pressing rod head 23 is at the upper pressing wheel 25.
  • the upper pressing rod 22 is moved downward by the spring force of the spring 24 to press the upper mold 21 into the female mold 31, while the lower end of the lower pressing rod 42 slides along the lower rail 46 to the lower pressing wheel 45, and is pressed down.
  • the master mold 31 is pushed out together, and the upper surface of the compact is flush with the upper surface of the female mold 31 or the compact is completely exposed to the female mold 31, and the upper pressing rod 22 is moved upward by the guide rail 264 to avoid the female mold 31.
  • the internal vacuum causes cracking of the compact, and the formed compact is introduced into the cartridge through the intermediate tray 30, and is emptied in the master mold 31 to provide space for the master mold 31 to be filled with the powder. After the powder is filled, the next compact is pressed.
  • the middle plate 30 may be provided with a plurality of through holes 32 for mounting the female mold 31, and the plurality of female molds 31 are Disk 30
  • the compaction is performed to rotate the compact, which improves production efficiency.

Abstract

具有保压功能的粉末成型机(1),包括中轴(11)、上盘(20)、中盘(30)和下盘(40),所述上盘(20)、中盘(30)和下盘(40)在驱动机构驱动下绕中轴(11)做同步回转运动,所述上盘(20)上方设置有上压轮(25),所述下盘(40)下方设置有下压轮(45),所述上压轮(25)和下压轮(45)对应设置,所述中盘(30)装设有多个母模(31),所述上盘(20)设置有与所述母模(31)对应的上压组件,所述下盘(40)设置有与所述母模(31)对应的下压组件。母模(31)内的粉末经上压组件和下压组件的压制后形成坯块,下压组件经从下压轮(45)平稳滑动至推出滑轨(462),下压组件在推出滑轨(462)的引导下,将坯块和上压组件一同推出母模(31),增加了坯块的压制时间,避免了上压组件或下压组件直接从母模(31)内拔出导致母模(31)内形成真空,而坯块仍留在母模(31)内受真空影响而崩裂。

Description

具有保压功能的粉末成型机和粉末保压成型方法 技术领域
本发明涉及粉末成型领域,具体涉及具有保压功能的粉末成型机和粉末保压成型方法。
背景技术
现有的粉末冶金多采用回转式的粉末成型机对金属粉末进行压制成型,其原理是在回转的中盘上设置多个工位,工位包括母模、上下对应设置并可插入母模的上型和下型,上型和下型分别连接有上压棒和下压棒,当工位转至上压轮和下压轮时,上压棒和下压棒在上压轮和下压轮的共同压力作用下,将上型 和下型压入母模,使母模内的粉末在巨大的压力下压制成坯块,这种回转式的粉末成型机具有压制效率高的优点,但由于工位经过上压轮和下压轮时,与上压轮和下压轮接触时间很短,使得母模只能压制简单形状的坯块,对于复杂形状的坯块,由于加压时间较短,无法使粉末定型,其原因是,由于粉末在加压过程中导致温度升高,使得成型的坯块膨胀,而当上型和下型抽离母模时,坯块容易膨胀破裂,另一方面,由于上型或下型直接离开母模时,母模空腔内产生真空,使得坯块出现崩裂,且对于没有添加凝结胶(如PVA 胶)的粉末,也无法压制成型。对此,现有行业内解决的方法主要有两种,一是降低工位的回转速度,以此增加工位与上压轮和下压轮的接触时间,但这种方法牺牲了生产速度,使得生产效率降低,其下压轮与下导轨存在高度差,使得下压棒在加压回转运动时下型在母模内上下运动,导致在上压棒和坯块未离开母模时下压棒即掉落,依然存在上型和下型离开母模时产生的真空的情况,仍然无法加工过于复杂的形状的坯块;另一种方法是通过油压设备进行坯块的压制,油压设备得益于行程较长,压制速度慢,因此压制的坯块效果好,可压制较为复杂形状的坯块,但是其效率较回旋式的粉末成型机低,远远不能满足生产需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷,提供了具有保压功能的粉末成型机和保压方法,其合理地增加了粉末成型的压制时间,保证了坯块的压制质量,压制效果好,压制效率高。
本发明是这样实现的:具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其包括:
中轴、上盘、中盘和下盘,所述上盘、中盘和下盘在驱动机构驱动下绕中轴做同步回转运动,所述上盘上方设置有上压轮,所述下盘下方设置有下压轮,所述上压轮和下压轮对应设置,所述中盘装设有多个母模,所述上盘设置有与所述母模对应的上压组件,所述下盘设置有与所述母模对应的下压组件,所述
上盘内侧设置有上导轨,所述下盘下方设置有下导轨,所述上压组件和下压组件分别随着上盘和下盘做回转运动并分别沿着上导轨和下导轨在竖直方向上运动,其特征在于,所述下导轨包括推出滑轨,所述推出滑轨一端与下压轮的最高点相切并临接或抵接,所述下压组件沿着所述推出滑轨向上运动时将母模内的坯块和上压组件一同从所述母模推出。
进一步地,所述上压组件包括上型、上压棒和上压棒塞头,所述上型与所述母模匹配成型,所述上压棒内部具有上压棒空腔,所述上压棒空腔内设置有弹簧,所述上压棒空腔具有一台阶,所述上压棒塞头直径与所述上压棒空腔上部内径匹配且所述上压棒塞头插设于所述上压棒空腔上部,所述上压棒塞头通过弹簧与所述上压棒空腔底部连接。
进一步地,所述上压棒具有上压棒轴承,所述上压棒轴承滑动设置于所述上导轨,所述下压棒下端滑动设置于所述下导轨。
进一步地,所述上导轨包括上导轨基体、引上滑轨、平行滑轨和引下滑轨,所述上导轨基体通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴固定连接,所述引下滑轨和引上滑轨设置于所述上压轮两侧,所述平行滑轨设置于下压轮下方并设置于引上滑轨和引下滑轨之间,所述引上滑轨具有螺钉槽,所述引上滑轨通过螺钉与所述上 导轨基体活动连接,所述引上滑轨具有第一连接轨,所述引下滑轨具有第二连接轨,所述第一连接轨和第二连接轨长度相同或不同且所述第一连接轨和第二连接轨相互连接。
进一步地,所述下导轨还包括下导轨基体,所述下导轨基体通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴固定连接,所述推出滑轨与所述下导轨基体活动连接。
进一步地,所述推出滑轨通过螺钉可上下活动的与所述下导轨基体连接。
进一步地,所述推出滑轨下方可拆卸地设置有垫块,所述推出滑轨通过垫块与所述下导轨基体连接。
进一步地,所述下压组件包括中棒座、下压棒和与所述母模匹配成型的下型,所述中棒座固定于所述下盘,所述下压棒一端与所述下型连接,另一端滑动于所述下导轨,所述下压棒竖直活动设置于所述中棒座内,所述下压棒内具有下压棒空腔,所述下压棒空腔内设置有弹簧,弹簧两端分别抵接于所述中棒座和下压棒空腔底部。
进一步地,所述下导轨还包括拉扣,所述拉扣活动设置于下导轨,所述拉扣具有与所述下压组件匹配的下导槽,所述下导槽沿所述下压组件滑动方向逐渐向下延伸。
本发明还提供一种粉末保压成型方法,包括:
下压组件置于母模内,将粉末填入母模内;
上压组件向下运动压入母模内,同时下压组件向上运动,将粉末压制成坯块;
下压组件继续向上运动,将坯块和上压组件一同向上推出母模;
坯块被推出母模后,上压组件向上运动,完成坯块的压制。
本发明的有益效果是:母模内的粉末经上压组件和下压组件的压制后形成坯块,下压组件经从下压轮平稳滑动至推出滑轨,下压组件在推出滑轨的引导下,将坯块和上压组件一同推出母模,增加了坯块的保压时间,避免了上压组件或下压组件直接从母模内拔出导致母模内形成真空,而坯块仍留在母模内受真空影响而崩裂。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机立体剖视图;
图2 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的侧视图;
图3 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的上盘及上导轨结构示意图;
图4 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的上导轨结构示意图;
图5 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的下导轨结构示意图;
图6 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的保压功能工作示意图;
图7 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的上压棒的结构示意图;
图8 为本发明实施例提供的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的上压轮和上压棒的工作示意图;
图9 为本发明实施例提供的另一个实施例的下压棒的结构示意图;
图10 为本发明实施例提供的另一个实施例的下导轨的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1、图2 所示,本发明实施例提供具有保压功能的粉末成型机1,包括:
机架10、中轴11、上盘20、中盘30、下盘40 和驱动机构,中轴11 竖直设置在机架10 上,所述驱动机构包括驱动电机5、蜗杆和传动盘,所述蜗杆与所述驱动电机连接,所述传动盘圆周边缘具有锯齿,所述传动盘通过锯齿与所述蜗杆啮合,所述上盘20、中盘30 和下盘40 分别与所述传动盘固定连接,所述上盘20、中盘30 和下盘40 在驱动电机5 驱动下绕中轴11 做同步回转运动,所述上盘20 上方设置有上压轮25,所述下盘40 下方设置有下压轮45,所述上压轮25 和下压轮45 对应设置,所述中盘30 装设有多个母模31,所述上盘20设置上压组件,所述上压组件包括上型21、上压棒22 和上压棒塞头23,所述下盘40 设置有下压组件,所述下压组件包括下型41 和下压棒42,所述上型21、下型41 与所述母模31 匹配成型,所述上型21 和所述下型41 分别设置于上压棒22 和下压棒42 的末端,所述上压棒22 和下压棒42 分别受上压轮25 和下压轮45 压力将上型21 和下型41 压入母模31 内,使母模31 内的粉末压成坯块,母模31、上型21 和下型41 为可拆装的设置于中盘30、上压棒22 和下压棒42上,不同的母模31、上型21 和下型41 可压制不同形状的坯块。
如图3 所示,所述上盘20 内侧设置有上导轨26,所述下盘40 下方设置有下导轨46,上压棒22 具有上压棒轴承223,所述上压棒轴承223 滑动设置于所述上导轨26,所述下压棒42 下端滑动设置于所述下导轨46,如图4 所示,上导轨26 包括上导轨基体261、引上滑轨264、平行滑轨263 和引下滑轨262,所述上导轨基体261 通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴11 固定连接,所述引下滑轨262和引上滑轨264 设置于所述上压轮25 两侧,所述平行滑轨263 设置于下压轮25 下方并设置于引上滑轨264 和引下滑轨262 之间,如图5 所示,所述下导轨46 包括下导轨基体461、推出滑轨462、下行滑轨463、填料滑轨469 和加压滑轨464,下导轨基体461 通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴11 固定连接,推出滑轨462、下行滑轨463、填料滑轨469 和加压滑轨464 依次连接,所述推出滑轨462 和加压滑轨464 设置于下压轮45 两侧,上压棒22 和下压棒42 做回转运动时分别沿着上导轨26 和下导轨46 在竖直方向上运动,所述推出滑轨462 一端与下压轮45 的最高点相切并临接或抵接,如图2、图6 所示,下压棒42 经下压轮45滚压后,平稳滑动至推出滑轨462,避免了下压棒42 从下压轮45 加压后下落,从而使下型41 在母模31 内向下运动导致母模31 内产生真空,使坯块崩裂的情况,当下压棒42 在推出滑轨462 运动时,上压棒轴承223 滑动于平行滑轨263,上型21 在上压棒22 的重力作用下仍然压在坯块上,下压棒42 沿着推出滑轨462 的倾斜向上的平面向上运动,将母模31 内的坯块和上型21 一同从所述母模31 内推出,避免了坯块仍留在母模31 内而上型21 直接从母模31 内拔出而产生的真空,保证了坯块质量,另一方面,坯块在上压轮25 和下压轮45 之间滚压后,上型21 和下型41 仍分别紧密压在坯块上下表面,增加了坯块的保压时间,避免了坯块基于内部压力和热胀产生的弹性形变而崩裂的情况。
如图6 所示,所述推出滑轨462 与所述下导轨基体461 活动连接,具体来说,所述推出滑轨462 通过螺钉可上下活动的与所述下导轨基体461 连接,螺钉设置于下导轨基体461 下部,并穿过下导轨基体461 与推出滑轨462 连接,通过拧螺钉调整推出滑轨462 与下压轮45 的间距和高度差,另一方面可以调整推出滑轨462 的倾斜度,值得一提的是,所述推出滑轨462 下方还可拆卸地设置有垫块,所述推出滑轨462 通过垫块与所述下导轨基体461 连接,所述推出滑轨462 通过垫块与所述下导轨基体461 连接,垫块设置不同高度同样可以调整推出滑轨462 与下压轮45 的间距和高度差,或调整推出滑轨462 的倾斜度,推出滑轨462 的不同倾斜度使得坯块在被推出母模31 的过程中,母模31 具有不同的回转行程,以此满足不同的厚度坯块的需求。
进一步地,如图4 所示,所述引上滑轨264 具有螺钉槽264a,所述引上滑轨264 通过螺钉与所述上导轨基体261 活动连接,所述引上滑轨264 具有第一连接轨264b,所述引下滑轨262 具有第二连接轨262b,所述第一连接轨264b和第二连接轨262b 长度相同或不相同且相叠连接,引上滑轨264 与上压轮25之间的距离可通过螺钉进行调节,平行滑轨263 的长度也随之调节,具体来说,上压棒22 经上压轮25 滚压后,为使上压棒22 继续对坯块施压,则上压棒22不能过早的滑动到引上滑轨264,下压棒42 在推出滑轨462 滑动时,上压棒轴承223 滑动在平行滑轨263 上,当坯块被下型41 推出母模31 上表面后,上压棒轴承223 滑动到引上滑轨264,上型21 向上运动,离开坯块,随后上压棒轴承223 沿着第一连接轨264b 滑动到第二连接轨262b,所述第一连接轨264b 与第二连接轨262b 的连接宽度与所述上导轨26 宽度相同或不同,第一连接轨264b与第二连接轨262b 的宽度分别至少为上导轨26 宽度的一半,使得上压棒轴承223 可平滑的从引上滑轨264 滑动至引下滑轨262,当第一连接轨264b 和第二连接轨262b 完全重叠,则此时引上滑轨264 与上压轮25 的角度最大,则上型21 保持在母模31 内的时间更长,通过调整引上滑轨264 的位置,配合推出滑轨462 的长度和倾斜度,实现母模31 内不同的保压时间,可满足不同厚度的坯块的压制要求,进一步提升坯块的压制效果,满足不同形状的坯块的压制要求。
参见图7、图8,所述上压棒22 内部具有上压棒空腔221,所述上压棒空腔221 内设置有弹簧24,所述上压棒空腔221 具有一台阶222,所述上压棒塞头23 直径与所述上压棒空腔221 上部内径匹配且所述上压棒塞头23 插设于所述上压棒空腔221 上部,所述上压棒塞头23 通过弹簧24 与所述上压棒空腔221底部连接,上压棒22 上部通过弹簧24 与上压棒塞头23 连接,提高了上压棒塞头23 的高度,使得上压棒22 经过上压轮25 下方时提前与上压轮25 接触,上压棒塞头23 受上压轮25 压力作用在上压棒空腔221 内向下运动,通过弹簧24将压力传至上压棒22,上压棒22 逐渐向下运动,增加了弹簧24 后的上压棒22和上型21 较原有的上压棒和上型更早压入母模31,在上压棒22 与上压轮25的最低点接触时,上压棒塞头23 下压至上压棒空腔221 的台阶222 上,此时上压棒22 受到的压力达到最大,使得粉末得到充分挤压成型,通过上压轮25 最低点后,在弹簧逐渐回位,上压棒22 逐渐上行,在弹簧24 完全回位时,上压棒塞头23 离开上压轮25,推迟了上型21 的失压,通过上述过程增加了上型21的施压时间,保证了坯块的压制质量,使得压制效果好,同时保持了压制效率,另一方面,由于弹簧24 的弹性为上型21 提供缓冲,为坯块成型后受自身内部压力后发生的弹性形变提供缓冲。
本发明另一个实施例中,如图9 所示,所述下压组件还包括中棒座43,中棒座43 固定于所述下盘40,所述下压棒42 竖直活动设置于所述中棒座43 内,所述下压棒42 内具有下压棒空腔,所述下压棒空腔内设置有弹簧421,所述弹簧421 两端分别抵接于所述中棒座43 和下压棒42 的下压棒空腔底部,在实际运行中,母模31 随着中盘30 转动会不断地填入粉末,当设备长时间持续运行后,粉末会逐渐渗入下型41 和母模31 之间,增大下型41 和母模31 之间的摩擦,这样,当下压棒42 沿着下导轨46 在中棒座43 内竖直方向上做运动时,下型41 由于摩擦力的增大,与下型41 固定连接的下压棒42 不能完全随着下导轨46 运动,即在填充粉末的时候,下型41 不能向下运动至最低点,这样,母模31 内的粉末填充则随着设备的运行而逐渐减少,导致粉末填充量不够,压制出来的坯块质量不达标,容易崩坏,而在本实施例中,下压棒42 受弹簧421 的弹力作用,在填充前,弹簧421 将下压棒42 往下压至最低点,保证下型41 向下 运动到最低点,保证母模31 内的粉末填充量。
参见图9、图10,作为上述实施例的进一步改进,所述下导轨46 还包括拉扣465,所述拉扣465 活动设置于下导轨46,所述拉扣465 具有与所述下压组件匹配的下导槽466,所述下导槽466 沿所述下压组件滑动方向逐渐向下延伸,具体来说,下压棒42 具有一下压棒塞头422,下压棒塞头422 滑动于下导轨46,下压棒塞头422 底部可卡扣于拉扣465 的下导槽466,当下压棒塞头422 沿着下导轨46 滑动时,下压棒塞头422 滑动至拉扣465,下压棒塞头422 沿着下导槽466 继续向下运动,并使下压棒42 运动至最低点,以此保证下型41 向下运动到最低点,保证母模31 内的粉末填充量,从而提高坯块的压制质量,值得一提的是,拉扣465 通过螺钉安装在下导轨46 上,这样,可通过调整拉扣465 在下导轨46 上的位置来控制高低,适应不同的母模31 的粉末量需求。
本发明还提供一种粉末保压成型方法,包括:
下型41 置于母模31 内,将粉末填入母模31 内;
上型21 向下运动压入母模31 内,同时下型41 向上运动,将粉末压制成坯块;
下型41 继续向上运动,将坯块和上型21 一同向上推出母模31;
坯块被推出母模31 后,上型21 向上运动,完成坯块的压制。
本发明具有保压功能的粉末成型机1 工作原理如下:
参见图1、图2,驱动电机5 通过蜗杆带动传动盘转动,从而使上盘20、中盘30 和下盘40 做回转运动,上盘20、中盘30 和下盘40 上的多个上型21、母模31 和下型41 同步做回转运动,下型41 在下压棒42 的支撑下处于母模31内,母模31 随着中盘30 转动而填入粉末,避免粉末掉落,下型41 在弹簧的作用及拉扣465 的作用下运动至最低点,保证母模31 内粉末的填充量,粉末填充完毕,上压棒轴承223 沿着上导轨26 的引下滑轨262 向下滑动至上压轮25 下方,上压棒塞头23 在上压轮25 滚压下向下运动,上压棒22 受弹簧24 弹力作用向下运动将上型21 压入母模31,同时下压棒42 下端沿着下导轨46 滑动至下压轮45 下方,在下压轮45 压力作用下将下型41 往上压,当上压棒22 与上压轮25 最低点接触,上压棒塞头23 下压至上压棒22 的上压棒空腔221 的台阶222 上,下压棒42 与下压轮45 最高点接触时,上型21 和下型41 压力同时达到最大,使得粉末压制成坯块,在弹簧24 的弹力作用下,上型21 一直对坯块施压,上压棒22 通过上压轮25 后,下压棒42 下端平稳滑动至推出滑轨462,下压棒42 沿着推出滑轨462 向上运动,将坯块和上型21 一同推出母模31,坯块的上表面和母模31 上表面平齐或坯块完全外露于母模31 后,上压棒22 在引上滑轨264 引导下向上运动,避免母模31 内的真空产生导致坯块的崩裂,成型 的坯块经中盘30 导入料盒,母模31 内清空,为母模31 装入粉末提供空间,母模31 填入粉末后,进行下一个坯块的压制,值得一提的是,如图1 所示,中盘30 可设置多个通孔32 用以安装母模31,多个母模31 随着中盘30 转动而进行坯块的压制,提高了生产效率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 具有保压功能的粉末成型机,包括:中轴、上盘、中盘和下盘,所述上盘、中盘和下盘在驱动机构驱动下绕中轴做同步回转运动,所述上盘上方设置有上压轮,所述下盘下方设置有下压轮,所述上压轮和下压轮对应设置,所述中盘装设有多个母模,所述上盘设置有与所述母模对应的上压组件,所述下盘设置有与所述母模对应的下压组件,所述上盘内侧设置有上导轨,所述下盘下方设置有下导轨,所述上压组件和下压组件分别随着上盘和下盘做回转运动并分别沿着上导轨和下导轨在竖直方向上运动,其特征在于,所述下导轨包括推出滑轨,所述推出滑轨一端与下压轮的最高点相切并临接或抵接,所述下压组件沿着所述推出滑轨向上运动时将母模内的坯块和上压组件一同从所述母模推出。
  2. 如权利要求1 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述上压组件包括上型、上压棒和上压棒塞头,所述上型与所述母模匹配成型,所述上压棒内部具有上压棒空腔,所述上压棒空腔内设置有弹簧,所述上压棒空腔具有一台阶,所述上压棒塞头直径与所述上压棒空腔上部内径匹配且所述上压棒塞头插设于所述上压棒空腔上部,所述上压棒塞头通过弹簧与所述上压棒空腔底部连接。
  3. 如权利要求2 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述上压棒具有上压棒轴承,所述上压棒轴承滑动设置于所述上导轨,所述下压棒下端滑动设置于所述下导轨。
  4. 如权利要求1 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述上导轨包括上导轨基体、引上滑轨、平行滑轨和引下滑轨,所述上导轨基体通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴固定连接,所述引下滑轨和引上滑轨设置于所述上压轮两侧,所述平行滑轨设置于下压轮下方并设置于引上滑轨和引下滑轨之间,所述引上滑轨具有螺钉槽,所述引上滑轨通过螺钉与所述上导轨基体活动连接,所述引上滑轨具有第一连接轨,所述引下滑轨具有第二连接轨,所述第一连接轨和第二连接轨长度相同或不同且所述第一连接轨和第二连接轨相互连接。
  5. 如权利要求1 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述下导轨还包括下导轨基体,所述下导轨基体通过内侧的槽键与所述中轴固定连接,所述推出滑轨与所述下导轨基体活动连接。
  6. 如权利要求5 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述推出滑轨通过螺钉可上下活动的与所述下导轨基体连接。
  7. 如权利要求5 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述推出滑轨下方可拆卸地设置有垫块,所述推出滑轨通过垫块与所述下导轨基体连接。
  8. 如权利要求2 所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述下压组件包括中棒座、下压棒和与所述母模匹配成型的下型,所述中棒座固定于所述下盘,所述下压棒一端与所述下型连接,另一端滑动于所述下导轨,所述下压棒竖直活动设置于所述中棒座内,所述下压棒内具有下压棒空腔,所述下压棒空腔内设置有弹簧,弹簧两端分别抵接于所述中棒座和下压棒空腔底部。
  9. 如权利要求1-8 任一项所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机,其特征在于:所述下导轨还包括拉扣,所述拉扣活动设置于下导轨,所述拉扣具有与所述下压组件匹配的下导槽,所述下导槽沿所述下压组件滑动方向逐渐向下延伸。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-9 任一项所述的具有保压功能的粉末成型机的粉末保压成型方法,其特征在于,包括:
    下压组件置于母模内,将粉末填入母模内;
    上压组件向下运动压入母模内,同时下压组件向上运动,将粉末压制成坯块;
    下压组件继续向上运动,将坯块和上压组件一同向上推出母模;
    坯块被推出母模后,上压组件向上运动,完成坯块的压制。
PCT/CN2016/079680 2015-04-24 2016-04-19 具有保压功能的粉末成型机和粉末保压成型方法 WO2016169469A1 (zh)

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