WO2016159305A1 - 中空糸膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
中空糸膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159305A1 WO2016159305A1 PCT/JP2016/060812 JP2016060812W WO2016159305A1 WO 2016159305 A1 WO2016159305 A1 WO 2016159305A1 JP 2016060812 W JP2016060812 W JP 2016060812W WO 2016159305 A1 WO2016159305 A1 WO 2016159305A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- roll
- stretching
- groove
- fiber membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/0025—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching
- B01D67/0027—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching by stretching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/08—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons
- D01F6/12—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons from polymers of fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microfiltration method for solid-liquid separation such as turbidity and a method for producing a hollow fiber membrane in the field of ultrafiltration.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a hollow fiber membrane is stretched for modification of the hollow fiber membrane.
- Patent Document 1 describes a roll stretching method in which stretching is performed between a plurality of stretching drive rolls having different peripheral speeds as a conventional stretching method.
- the roll drawing method in order to transmit the driving force of the roll to the hollow fiber with frictional force (adhesion force), by setting the holding angle (contact angle) around which the hollow fiber is wound around the driving roll, yarn slippage due to insufficient frictional force Is suppressed.
- the hollow fiber may be flattened (outer shape deformation) by receiving bending stress (compressive force) on the curved surface in contact with the roll.
- the flattening of the hollow fiber membrane leads to deterioration of characteristics such as a decrease in pressure resistance and an increase in the flow resistance of permeate when used in external pressure filtration.
- a coating layer is formed by coating using a hollow fiber drawn by a roll drawing method as a support layer, the coating layer cannot be formed, and structural defects such as coating spots may occur.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a belt method in which the hollow fiber is stretched by being sandwiched between elastic belts facing each other.
- this invention aims at providing the extending
- the present invention provides the following hollow fiber membrane production method and stretching apparatus.
- the distance between the wall surfaces of the groove is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber at the outermost part in the radial direction of the drawing roll, and smaller than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber at the innermost part.
- It is disposed in the conveyance path of the hollow fiber and includes a drawing-side stretching roll and a drawing-side stretching roll having grooves provided in the circumferential direction, A drawing apparatus in which the drawing-side drawing roll and the drawing-side drawing roll are arranged such that wall surfaces facing each other in the groove are in contact with a hollow fiber.
- a hollow fiber membrane having a high roundness and a reduced diameter can be obtained by stretching that suppresses flattening of the hollow fiber.
- FIG. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of a drawing roll according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig.2 (a) and FIG.2 (b) are schematic sectional drawings of an extending
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart showing one embodiment of the stretching process according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a hollow fiber membrane having a spinning process and a stretching process. Each of the above steps will be described in detail below.
- the spinning process for forming the hollow fiber is not limited to a specific method, and any process may be used as long as a hollow fiber that can be used as a separation membrane is obtained through a drawing process described later.
- a conventional spinning method used for producing a hollow fiber membrane is preferably applied.
- Such spinning methods include solution spinning and melt spinning.
- Solution spinning is a method of obtaining fibers by dissolving a raw material in a solvent to obtain a stock solution, and discharging the stock solution from a die.
- Solution spinning includes dry spinning and wet spinning.
- Melt spinning is a method in which a raw material melted with heat is discharged from a die and solidified by cooling to obtain fibers.
- thermoplastic resin made of a chain polymer is used as the resin that is a material of the hollow fiber.
- resin polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyacetal, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamideimide, polyether
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- vinyl chloride resin polyethylene terephthalate
- polyamide polyacetal
- polycarbonate modified polyphenylene ether
- polyphenylene sulfide polyvinylidene fluoride
- polyamideimide polyether
- polyether examples include imide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and mixtures and copolymers thereof.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride resin means a resin containing a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and / or a vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and may contain a plurality of types of vinylidene fluoride copolymers.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin is a polymer having a vinylidene fluoride residue structure, and is typically a copolymer of a vinylidene fluoride monomer and other fluorine-based monomers.
- Examples of such a copolymer include a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and at least one selected from vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and ethylene trifluoride chloride.
- monomers such as ethylene other than the fluorine-based monomer may be copolymerized to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Solvents applicable to polyvinylidene fluoride resins include, for example, good solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, tetramethylurea, and trimethyl phosphate, or A poor solvent such as cyclohexane, isophorone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, methyl isoamyl ketone, dimethyl phthalate, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene carbonate, diacetone alcohol, glycerol triacetate can be used.
- a membrane-forming stock solution is prepared by dissolving these materials in a solvent, and a hollow fiber membrane is formed by non-solvent phase separation method, thermally induced phase separation method, etc. Can do.
- FIG. 1 shows a front view of a stretching roll as an example of the stretching roll.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the stretching roll at the position of the dashed line in FIG.
- FIG. 2B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the stretching roll in FIG.
- Stretching rolls 10, 7, and 9 have grooves 8 that are continuous in the circumferential direction on the radially outer surface. Opposing wall surfaces are arranged, and a gap therebetween becomes a groove.
- the drawing roll 10 may have any structure of the drawing rolls 7 and 9, for example.
- the drawing rolls 7 and 9 are adapted to come into contact with the hollow fiber at the wall surface (side surface) of the groove.
- a dotted line indicates the position of the hollow fiber.
- the distance between the wall surfaces of the groove converges while decreasing gradually toward the inside in the radial direction. More specifically, the distance between the wall surfaces of the grooves is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber at the outermost portion (opening portion) in the radial direction of the drawing roll and smaller than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber at the innermost portion (bottom surface). Yes. Thereby, the drawing roll can come into contact with the hollow fiber at both wall surfaces between the innermost part and the outermost part. In particular, in this embodiment, the distance increases monotonously toward the outer side in the radial direction.
- the hollow fiber spun in the spinning process is not a completely homogeneous material, and its shape and outer diameter change not a little over time. Since the flat roll is in contact with the hollow fiber at only one point, it must be wound around the roll in order to obtain the frictional force (cohesive force) necessary for drawing, and as a result, compressive force is generated in the hollow fiber during drawing. Sometimes the thread is easily crushed by concentrating on one support point.
- the both wall surfaces of the groove come into contact with the hollow fiber, so that the drawing roll comes into contact with the hollow fiber at two points, and the compressive force applied to the yarn is dispersed at two support points. Can be made. Further, even if the contact position of the yarn (outer diameter) moves, the outer peripheral speed of the yarn changes, and the yarn tension is balanced. As a result, the holding angle in contact with the hollow fiber can be reduced, and a sufficient frictional force can be obtained even if the yarn has a linear trajectory. Further, since the frictional force can be obtained in this way, even if the yarn has a linear trajectory, the yarn can be drawn without requiring another member for pressing the yarn from above the drawing roller.
- the facing angle ( ⁇ ) of the groove wall surface is preferably 5 ° or more and 90 ° or less, and is preferably 5 ° or more and 80 ° or less, because it increases the gripping force between the support points when contacting the hollow fiber. More preferably.
- the facing angle ( ⁇ ) refers to a diagonal angle formed by straight portions of both wall surfaces.
- the distance between the wall surfaces (groove width) or the facing angle ( ⁇ ) is different between the plurality of stretching rolls.
- the shape of the groove is not particularly limited as long as the hollow fibers are in contact with each other on the wall surfaces facing each other in the groove as described above.
- the opening width and depth of the groove are applied in the range of 1.5 to 20 times the hollow fiber outer diameter.
- Examples include a mode in which a groove having a V-shaped cross section is formed in the circumferential direction as in the stretching roll 9 shown in 2 (b).
- the material of the drawing roll can be appropriately selected from, for example, a metal material, a ceramic material, a plastics material, a rubber material (rubber elastic material), and the like.
- the rubber elastic material is preferable because the elastic polymer material is deformed by the tensile stress at the time of stretching, and the contact surface with the hollow fiber is increased. As a result, the adhesion force (friction force) is increased.
- the rubber elastic material has an effect of increasing the contact surface with the hollow fiber and, as a result, increases the adhesion force (frictional force). Therefore, the rubber elastic material is formed on at least the surface of the groove of the drawing roll, particularly on the yarn. It is sufficient to have it in the place where it touches.
- the rubber elastic material a material having a static shear elastic modulus, which is one of the indices of elastic modulus, of 0.05 MPa to 0.6 MPa is preferable. It is preferable for the elastic modulus to be within the above-mentioned range since the deformation of the hollow fiber that comes into contact by elastic deformation is small. Among them, it has solvent resistance against the solvent contained in the hollow fiber, for example, using rubber elastic resin such as silicon rubber, urethane rubber, isobrene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polysulfide rubber, etc. preferable.
- rubber elastic resin such as silicon rubber, urethane rubber, isobrene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polysulfide rubber, etc. preferable.
- the wall surface of the groove of the drawing roll is preferably surface-treated in order to increase the contact resistance with the hollow fiber.
- a satin finish is suitable for a metal material having high hardness.
- the satin treatment is performed by blasting (spraying) abrasive grains such as aluminum oxide, dry cinnabar, and glass beads on the roll surface.
- the surface of the drawing roll (groove wall surface) is processed so that the roughness index Ra (arithmetic mean roughness of 10 points) is 2 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, and Rz (maximum height) is 3 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less. It is preferred that
- Ra and Rz JIS B 0601-2001
- a stylus type surface roughness meter for example.
- stretching roll, and the surface structure by surface treatment can be made into arbitrary combinations instead of a specific combination.
- the drawing roll 7 shown in FIG. 2 (a) is made of metal, provided with a groove having a round V-shaped cross section in the circumferential direction, and the surface of the groove is subjected to a matte finish.
- stretching roll 9 shown in FIG.2 (b) is a rubber roll, and the groove
- This invention also provides the extending
- the drawing apparatus of the present invention is disposed in the hollow fiber conveyance path, and includes the above-mentioned drawing-side drawing roll and the drawing-side drawing roll.
- the delivery-side drawing roll and the drawing-side drawing roll are arranged so that the wall surfaces facing each other in the groove of each drawing roll are in contact with the hollow fiber.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a stretching apparatus.
- the drawing-side drawing rolls 1, 2, 3 and the drawing-side drawing rolls 4, 5, 6 having grooves provided in the circumferential direction are arranged in the conveyance path of the hollow fiber 11. Then, the drawing-side drawing rolls 1, 2, and 3 and the drawing-side drawing rolls 4, 5, and 6 are arranged such that the wall surfaces facing each other in the groove of each drawing roll are in contact with the hollow fiber.
- the stretching apparatus of this embodiment includes a feed driving device that rotates the stretching rolls 1, 2, and 3 on the delivery side, and a rotational speed of the stretching rolls 4, 5, and 6 on the withdrawal side. And a drawer-side drive device that rotates the drawer-side stretching rolls 4, 5, and 6 so as to be higher than the rotational speeds of 1, 2, and 3.
- the stretching zone 12 is located between the drawing-side stretching roll and the drawing-side stretching roll.
- the drawing-side drawing rolls 1, 2, 3 and the drawing-side drawing rolls 4, 5, 6 are arranged in a straight line in this order so that the drawing zone 12 is sandwiched between the rolls 3, 4.
- the hollow fiber 11 is guided to a linear track from the most upstream drawing roll 1 to the most downstream drawing roll 6 so as not to wind around the drawing roll, and the drawing rolls 1, 2, 3 and the drawing roll
- the hollow fiber in the drawing zone 12 is drawn with a difference in line speed of 4, 5, and 6.
- a member for pressing the hollow fiber against the drawing roll is unnecessary.
- “On a straight track” means that the hollow fibers are in contact with the drawing roll in a straight line. That is, the hollow fiber is not wound around the drawing roll, and the hollow fiber is linear at the contact portion between the drawing roll and the hollow fiber. In other words, the stretching roll is disposed at a position where the hollow fiber is linear. Therefore, when a plurality of drawing rolls are arranged in series, they are arranged so that the contact points with the hollow fiber are arranged in a straight line. In order to guide the hollow fiber to the linear track in this way, another roll is provided so that the hollow fiber is held in a straight line further upstream of the drawing-side drawing roll and further downstream of the drawing-side drawing roll. May be arranged.
- the outer diameter size of the hollow fiber 11 before drawing is preferably 0.4 mm or more and 50 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 40 mm or less, considering that the diameter is reduced by drawing.
- the hollow fiber obtained in the spinning process may be of this size, or the outer diameter size may be adjusted to this range by some process after the spinning process and before the stretching process. Within this range, it is preferable because uniform unevenness of elongation / reduction due to stretching can be reduced.
- the stretching ratio is preferably 1.1 to 5 times, more preferably 1.3 to 4 times, still more preferably 1.5 to 3 times.
- the draw ratio refers to the ratio of line speeds in the drawing zone (take-up speed / feeding speed).
- the placement of the draw rolls can be optimized to balance the take-up tension of the hollow fiber.
- the hollow fiber 11 is preferably heated. Therefore, it is preferable that the extending
- the heating medium for heating the hollow fiber in the stretching zone 12 is preferably one or more selected from solutions such as water, polyethylene glycol, and glycerin, and gases such as steam, air, and nitrogen.
- the stretching temperature is preferably 60 to 140 ° C., more preferably 70 to 120 ° C., and further preferably 80 to 100 ° C.
- This vinylidene fluoride homopolymer solution was discharged from the outer orifice (outer diameter: 4.0 mm ⁇ ) of the tube-in orifice, and at the same time, an 85% by weight aqueous solution of ⁇ -butyrolactone was added to the tube (outer diameter: 1.4 mm ⁇ , From an inner diameter of 1.0 mm ⁇ ), a hollow fiber was spun into a cooling bath composed of an 85% by weight aqueous solution of ⁇ -butyrolactone at a temperature of 15 ° C. The hollow fiber thus spun out was washed with water, and then stretched by three feeding-side stretching rolls and three drawing-side stretching rolls.
- the drawing side drawing roll and the drawing side drawing roll are arranged in a straight line, and the hollow fiber is linearized by a roll further upstream of the sending side drawing roll and a further downstream roll of the drawing side drawing roll.
- the drawing roll was in contact with the hollow fiber on a straight track.
- the hollow fiber was fed out at a speed of 5 m / min by a drawing roll on the feed side, and the hollow fiber was drawn out at 11 m / min by a drawing roll on the drawing side after the drawing zone, so that the draw ratio was 2.2 times.
- the drawing roll is made of stainless steel on both the sending side and the drawing side, and is formed with a round V-shaped groove having a depth of 10 mm and an opposing angle of 20 °.
- the groove width (opening width) at the outermost portion in the circumferential direction was 6.5 mm.
- stretching roll was 17 micrometers, and Rz was 110 micrometers.
- the surface roughness Ra and Rz (JIS B 0601-2001) were obtained from a roughness curve measured with a stylus type surface roughness meter.
- the stretching zone was a 95 ° C. hot water tank.
- the hollow fiber outer diameter before the drawing zone is 1.02 mm and the roundness is 96.2%.
- the hollow fiber outer diameter after drawing is reduced to 0.59 mm and the roundness is 95.6%. Met.
- Example 2 A hollow fiber is formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a tube-in orifice having a different diameter from that of Example 1 (orifice outer diameter: 2.1 mm ⁇ , tube outer diameter: 0.7 mm ⁇ , tube inner diameter 0.5 mm ⁇ ) is used. Was spun and washed with water. With respect to the hollow fibers thus obtained, the total holding angle (contact angle) formed by the three drawing-side drawing rolls was 270 °, the speed was 7 m / min, and the drawing-side drawing roll holding angle after the drawing zone was In the same manner, the draw ratio was 1.5 times by setting the angle to 270 ° and the speed to 10.5 m / min.
- a silicon rubber roll having a groove depth of 10 mm, an opposing angle of 35 °, a groove width V-shaped groove at the outermost circumferential direction and having a rubber elastic modulus of 0.24 MPa is used as a drawing roll, Stretching was performed as a hot air chamber heated at 80 ° C. with air. The width (opening width) of the groove at the outermost circumferential direction of the drawing roll was 6.2 mm.
- the number of the drawing side drawing rolls and the number of drawing side drawing rolls were three.
- the outer diameter of the hollow fiber before the drawing zone is 1.20 mm and the roundness is 97.4%.
- the outer diameter of the hollow fiber after drawing is reduced to 0.96 mm and the roundness is 97.0%. Met.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing a hollow fiber membrane having a reduced roundness with a high roundness by a simple stretching method. Thereby, it is possible to provide a high-quality composite hollow fiber membrane that can be applied to water treatment fields such as purified water and industrial water.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1では、従来の延伸方法として、周速度の異なる複数の延伸駆動ロールの間で延伸を行なう、ロール延伸法が記載されている。ロール延伸法では、ロールの駆動力を摩擦力(凝着力)で中空糸に伝達するために、駆動ロールに中空糸を巻き付ける抱き角度(接触角度)を設定することで、摩擦力不足による糸滑りを抑制している。
そこで本発明は、簡素な延伸プロセスを用いて、中空糸潰れ(偏平化)を抑制し、縮径化された中空糸膜を得る延伸方法を提供することを目的とする。
(1)中空糸を形成する紡糸工程と、円周方向に設けられた溝を備える延伸ロールによって延伸する延伸工程とを備え、前記延伸ロールは、前記中空糸と、前記溝において互いに対向する壁面で接触するようになっている中空糸膜の製造方法。
(2)前記溝の壁面間の距離は、前記延伸ロールの径方向における最外部では中空糸の外径よりも大きく、最内部では前記中空糸の外径より小さくなっている、前記(1)に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
(3)前記溝において、互いに対向する壁面が成す角度は、5°以上90°以下である、前記(1)または(2)に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
(4)前記延伸ロールの前記溝は、表面が梨地処理されている、前記(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
(5)前記延伸ロールの前記溝の少なくとも表面にゴム弾性材を有する、前記(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
(6)中空糸の搬送経路に配置され、円周方向に設けられた溝を有する送り出し側の延伸ロールと引き出し側の延伸ロールと、を備え、
前記送り出し側の延伸ロールと前記引き出し側の延伸ロールとが、前記溝において互いに対向する壁面が中空糸に接触するように配置される
延伸装置。
本発明は、紡糸工程と延伸工程とを有する中空糸膜の製造方法を提供する。上記各工程について以下に詳細に説明をする。
1.紡糸工程
中空糸を形成する紡糸工程は、具体的な手法に限定されるものではなく、後述の延伸工程を経て、分離膜として利用できる中空糸が得られる工程であればよい。例えば、従来の中空糸膜の製造に用いられる紡糸方法が好ましく適用される。このような紡糸方法としては、溶液紡糸および溶融紡糸が挙げられる。溶液紡糸は、原料を溶剤に溶かして原液を得て、この原液を口金から吐出することで繊維を得る方法である。溶液紡糸は、乾式紡糸および湿式紡糸を含む。溶融紡糸は、熱で溶融さえた原料を口金から吐出し、冷却することで凝固させて繊維を得る方法である。
これらの材料を溶媒に溶解させることで製膜原液を作製し、これを口金から凝固浴に吐出することで、非溶媒相分離法、熱誘起相分離法などにより、中空糸膜を形成することができる。
本工程では、紡糸された中空糸を、円周方向に設けられた溝を備える延伸ロールによって延伸する。
図1に延伸ロールの一例として延伸ロールの正面図を示す。図1の一点鎖線の位置における延伸ロールの概略断面図を図2(a)に示す。図2(b)に、別の形態の延伸ロールの概略断面図を図2(a)に示す。
Gs=1.639σ25(MPa)
Gs:静的せん断弾性係数(MPa)
例えば、図2(a)に示す延伸ロール7は金属製であり、その円周方向に底の丸いV字状の断面を有する溝が設けられており、溝表面が梨地処理されている。また、図2(b)に示す延伸ロール9はゴムロールであり、その円周方向にV字状の断面を有する溝が設けられている。
製造工程中、中空糸が延伸される位置を延伸ゾーンと呼ぶ。
本発明はまた、上記延伸工程に使用できる延伸装置を提供する。本発明の延伸装置は、中空糸の搬送経路に配置され、上記送り出し側の延伸ロールと引き出し側の延伸ロールとを備える。そして、上記送り出し側の延伸ロールと引き出し側の延伸ロールは、それぞれの延伸ロールが有する溝において互いに対向する壁面が中空糸に接触するように配置される。
延伸ゾーン12では、中空糸11は加熱されることが好ましい。よって、延伸ゾーン12は、湿熱、乾熱処理できる浴槽、或いはチャンバー中に設けられることが好ましい。
[中空糸の真円度の測定方法]
デジタルマイクロスコープ(VHX-1000,KEYENCE製)を用いて、中空糸断面が観察される任意の倍率(20倍~200倍)で、中空糸断面の長径と短径の長さを計10ヵ所で測定し、短径/長径の比の結果を数平均して求めた。
重量平均分子量42万のフッ化ビニリデンホモポリマー36重量%とγ-ブチロラクトン64重量%を140℃で溶解した。このフッ化ビニリデンホモポリマー溶液をチューブインオリフィスの外側オリフィス(外径:4.0mmφ)から吐出し、同時にγ-ブチロラクトン85重量%水溶液をチューブインオリフィスの内側のチューブ(外径:1.4mmφ、内径:1.0mmφ)から、γ-ブチロラクトン85重量%水溶液からなる温度15℃の冷却浴中に中空糸状に紡出させた。こうして曳き出した中空糸を水洗した後、3つの送り出し側の延伸ロールと、3つの引き出し側の延伸ロールとで延伸した。
延伸ゾーンは、95℃の熱水槽であった。
延伸ゾーン前の中空糸外径は、1.02mmで真円度96.2%であり、延伸後の中空糸外径は、0.59mmに縮径化され、真円度は95.6%であった。
実施例1とは異なる口径(オリフィス外径:2.1mmφ、チューブ外径:0.7mmφ、チューブ内径0.5mmφ)を有するチューブインオリフィスを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、中空糸を紡糸し、水洗した。
こうして得られた中空糸について、送り出し側の延伸ロール3本で形成する抱き角度(接触角度)の合計を270°として速度を7m/分とし、かつ延伸ゾーン後の引き出し側の延伸ロールの抱き角度も同様に270°にして、速度を10.5m/分とすることで、延伸倍率を1.5倍とした。また溝深さ10mmで対向角度35°、円周方向最外部における溝の幅V字状の溝を有し、かつゴム弾性係数が0.24MPaであるシリコンゴムロールを延伸ロールとし、さらに延伸ゾーンを80℃の空気加熱の熱風チャンバーとして、延伸を行った。延伸ロールの円周方向最外部における溝の幅(開口幅)は6.2mmであった。送り出し側の延伸ロールおよび引き出し側の延伸ロールは実施例1と同様にそれぞれ3つとした。
延伸ゾーン前の中空糸外径は、1.20mmで真円度97.4%であり、延伸後の中空糸外径は、0.96mmに縮径化され、真円度は97.0%であった。
延伸ロールを平らな金属ロールに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして延伸を行った。しかしながら、引き出し側の延伸ロールで中空糸の滑りが起こり、所定の延伸で行うことが出来なかった。
延伸ロールを平らなシリコンゴムロールに変更した以外は、実施例2と同様にして、延伸を行った。延伸ゾーン前の中空糸外径は、1.20mmで真円度96.5%であり、延伸後の外径は、0.91mmに縮径化されたが、真円度が68.6%で偏平化した。
7 底の丸いV字状溝の金属ロール(延伸ロール)
8 溝
9 V字状溝のゴムロール(延伸ロール)
11 中空糸
12 延伸ゾーン
Claims (6)
- 中空糸を形成する紡糸工程と、
円周方向に設けられた溝を備える延伸ロールによって延伸する延伸工程と
を備え、
前記延伸ロールは、前記中空糸と、前記溝において互いに対向する壁面で接触するようになっている
中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記溝の壁面間の距離は、前記延伸ロールの径方向における最外部では前記中空糸の外径よりも大きく、最内部では前記中空糸の外径より小さくなっている、請求項1に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記溝において、互いに対向する壁面が成す角度は、5°以上90°以下である、請求項1または2に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記延伸ロールの前記溝は、表面が梨地処理されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記延伸ロールの前記溝の少なくとも表面にゴム弾性材を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 中空糸の搬送経路に配置され、円周方向に設けられた溝を有する送り出し側の延伸ロールと引き出し側の延伸ロールと、を備え、
前記送り出し側の延伸ロールと前記引き出し側の延伸ロールとが、前記溝において互いに対向する壁面が中空糸に接触するように配置される
延伸装置。
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JP2016571765A JP6195026B2 (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | 中空糸膜の製造方法 |
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US11253819B2 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-02-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Production of thin film composite hollow fiber membranes |
US12116326B2 (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2024-10-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Conversion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using non-thermal plasma and a catalyst |
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