WO2016158323A1 - ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ - Google Patents
ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016158323A1 WO2016158323A1 PCT/JP2016/057829 JP2016057829W WO2016158323A1 WO 2016158323 A1 WO2016158323 A1 WO 2016158323A1 JP 2016057829 W JP2016057829 W JP 2016057829W WO 2016158323 A1 WO2016158323 A1 WO 2016158323A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- high pressure
- retainer
- pressure chamber
- axial direction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/10—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
- F16K31/126—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like
- F16K31/1262—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a diaphragm, bellows, or the like one side of the diaphragm being spring loaded
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
- F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
- F02B37/186—Arrangements of actuators or linkage for bypass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a diaphragm actuator.
- a diaphragm type actuator As an actuator for opening and closing a valve body of a waste gate valve in a turbocharger of an engine, for example, a diaphragm type actuator is adopted (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the diaphragm-type actuator includes an actuating rod connected to the valve body, a diaphragm for driving the actuating rod, a low pressure chamber and a high pressure chamber adjacent to each other across the diaphragm in the axial direction of the actuating rod, and the diaphragm And a return spring for biasing.
- valve body of the waste gate valve may vibrate due to pressure fluctuation or the like in the turbocharger housing.
- the actuating rod connected to the valve body also vibrates.
- the present disclosure describes a diaphragm-type actuator capable of suppressing the vibration of the actuating rod.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a diaphragm actuator for driving an actuating rod in the axial direction of the actuating rod, the diaphragm being connected to the actuating rod, a low pressure chamber adjacent to one end side in the axial direction of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm A high pressure chamber adjacent to the other end side in the axial direction of the high pressure chamber, a return spring provided in the low pressure chamber and urging the diaphragm toward the high pressure chamber, a retainer provided on the high pressure chamber side of the diaphragm, and a high pressure chamber
- the elastic member is internally provided between the retainer and a wall surface facing the retainer in the axial direction.
- the vibration of the retainer and the diaphragm can be suppressed by the elastic member, so that the vibration of the actuating rod connected to the diaphragm can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a vehicle turbocharger provided with a diaphragm actuator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the vehicle turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 and is a diagram showing a diaphragm actuator attached to the side surface of the vehicle turbocharger.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the diaphragm actuator according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a diaphragm actuator according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a diaphragm actuator according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a diaphragm actuator according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a diaphragm actuator for driving an actuating rod in the axial direction of the actuating rod, the diaphragm being connected to the actuating rod, a low pressure chamber adjacent to one end side in the axial direction of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm A high pressure chamber adjacent to the other end side in the axial direction of the high pressure chamber, a return spring provided in the low pressure chamber and urging the diaphragm toward the high pressure chamber, a retainer provided on the high pressure chamber side of the diaphragm, and a high pressure chamber
- the elastic member is internally provided between the retainer and a wall surface facing the retainer in the axial direction.
- this diaphragm type actuator when the internal pressure of the low pressure chamber rises from the low pressure state, the return spring biases the diaphragm to move to the high pressure chamber side, and the actuating rod is driven to the other end side.
- an elastic member is disposed between a retainer provided on the surface of the diaphragm on the high pressure chamber side and a wall surface facing the retainer inside the high pressure chamber.
- the retainer may be formed with a rim projecting axially into the interior of the high pressure chamber, and the elastic member may be arranged to face the rim in the axial direction. According to this configuration, since the rim is provided on the retainer, the rigidity of the retainer is improved. Further, since the elastic member is disposed to face the rim of the retainer, when the diaphragm moves to the high pressure chamber side, the rim and the elastic member come into contact, and the rim and the rim are opposed to each other in the axial direction. The elastic member prevents the vibration of the retainer, the diaphragm, and the actuating rod.
- the elastic member may be attached to the wall surface which is the inner surface of the wall opposed to the retainer of the high pressure chamber. Thereby, the elastic member can be stably supported by the wall of the high pressure chamber. Further, since the elastic member is attached to the surface on the retainer side of the wall of the high pressure chamber, when the diaphragm moves to the high pressure chamber side, the retainer and the elastic member come into contact, and While the contact with the wall of the high pressure chamber is prevented, the elastic member can suppress the vibration of the retainer, the diaphragm and the actuating rod. Further, by attaching the elastic member to the wall of the high pressure chamber, it is possible to change the natural frequency of the diaphragm actuator, suppress the vibration of the diaphragm actuator itself, and suppress the vibration of the actuating rod.
- the actuating rod extends from the diaphragm to the high pressure chamber side, penetrates the wall opposite to the retainer of the high pressure chamber in the axial direction, and the wall supports a bearing for holding the actuating rod, and the bearing is
- the elastic member may protrude from the wall into the inside of the high pressure chamber, and the elastic member may be attached to a wall surface which is a surface on the retainer side of the bearing portion.
- the elastic member is attached to the surface on the retainer side of the bearing portion projecting into the high pressure chamber, the retainer and the elastic member come in contact with each other when the diaphragm moves to the high pressure chamber side.
- the contact between the retainer and the wall of the high pressure chamber is prevented in the direction, and the elastic member can suppress the vibration of the retainer, the diaphragm and the actuating rod.
- the elastic member by attaching the elastic member to the bearing portion projecting from the wall of the high pressure chamber, the natural frequency of the diaphragm actuator can be changed to suppress the vibration of the diaphragm actuator itself and the vibration of the actuating rod can be suppressed. .
- the elastic member may be formed of a rubber member, and may have a plate-like portion arranged to face the retainer in the axial direction, and the plate thickness direction of the plate-like portion may be arranged along the axial direction. According to this configuration, the installation space of the elastic member can be suppressed, and the vibration of the retainer, the diaphragm and the actuating rod can be suppressed while suppressing the reduction of the movement range of the diaphragm.
- the elastic member may be configured to include an extension extending from the plate-like portion to the other end.
- the plate-like portion is disposed to be separated from the wall of the high pressure chamber in the axial direction by the extension portion being in contact with the wall of the high pressure chamber. Then, when the diaphragm moves to the high pressure chamber side, the retainer and the plate-like portion made of the rubber member come in contact with each other, and the vibration of the retainer, the diaphragm and the actuating rod can be suppressed.
- the supercharger 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a supercharger for a vehicle, and compresses air supplied to the engine using exhaust gas discharged from an engine (not shown).
- the supercharger 1 is provided with a diaphragm actuator 50 for opening and closing the waste gate valve 20 shown in FIG.
- the supercharger 1 includes a turbine 2 and a compressor (centrifugal compressor) 3.
- the turbine 2 includes a turbine housing 4 and a turbine wheel 6 housed in the turbine housing 4.
- the compressor 3 includes a compressor housing 5 and a compressor wheel 7 housed in the compressor housing 5.
- the turbine wheel 6 is provided at one end of the rotating shaft 14, and the compressor wheel 7 is provided at the other end of the rotating shaft 14.
- a bearing housing 13 is provided between the turbine housing 4 and the compressor housing 5.
- the rotating shaft (rotor shaft) 14 is rotatably supported by the bearing housing 13 via a bearing 15.
- the supercharger 1 includes a turbine rotor shaft 16.
- the turbine rotor shaft 16 includes a rotating shaft 14 and a turbine wheel 6 provided at one end of the rotating shaft 14.
- the turbine rotor shaft 16 and the compressor wheel 7 rotate as an integral rotating body.
- the turbine housing 4 is provided with an exhaust gas inlet 8 and an exhaust gas outlet 10. Exhaust gas exhausted from the engine flows into the turbine housing 4 through the exhaust gas inlet 8, rotates the turbine wheel 6, and then flows out of the turbine housing 4 through the exhaust gas outlet 10.
- the compressor housing 5 is provided with a suction port 9 and a discharge port 11. As described above, when the turbine wheel 6 rotates, the turbine rotor shaft 16 and the compressor wheel 7 rotate. The rotating compressor wheel 7 sucks in external air through the suction port 9, compresses it, and discharges it from the discharge port 11. The compressed air discharged from the discharge port 11 is supplied to the engine.
- bypass passage 17 is a gas flow rate variable passage for changing the flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the turbine impeller 6 side.
- a waste gate valve 20 is provided inside the turbine housing 4 as one of flow rate variable valve mechanisms.
- the waste gate valve 20 is a valve that opens and closes the opening of the bypass passage 17.
- the waste gate valve 20 includes a stem 21 rotatably supported by the outer wall of the turbine housing 4, a rocking piece 22 radially projecting from the stem 21, and a valve supported by the rocking piece 22.
- a body 23 is provided.
- the outer wall of the turbine housing 4 is formed with a support hole 24 penetrating in the thickness direction of the outer wall.
- a cylindrical bush 25 is inserted into the support hole 24.
- the bush 25 is fixed to the outer wall of the turbine housing 4.
- the stem 21 is inserted into the bush 25 and rotatably supported on the outer wall of the turbine housing 4.
- the rocking piece 22 is fixed to the stem 21.
- the stem 21 rotates about the axis of the stem 21 to swing the swinging piece 22.
- a mounting hole for mounting the valve body 23 is provided at the tip of the rocking piece 22.
- the valve body 23 is capable of coming into contact with and separating from the peripheral edge portion of the opening of the bypass passage 17 and has, for example, a disk shape.
- the valve body 23 is provided with a valve shaft 26 projecting on the opposite side to the opening of the bypass passage 17.
- the valve shaft 26 is inserted into a mounting hole at the tip of the rocking piece 22.
- a stopper 27 is fixed to the end of the valve shaft 26 opposite to the valve body 23, and the valve shaft 26 inserted into the mounting hole is held by the stopper 27.
- the valve body 23 is supported for fine movement (including tilting) with respect to the rocking piece 22. As a result, the valve body 23 finely moves with respect to the rocking piece 22, so that the valve body 23 is in close contact with the peripheral portion of the opening of the bypass passage 17.
- the valve body 23 abuts on the peripheral edge of the opening of the bypass passage 17 to close the waste gate valve 20, and the valve body 23 separates from the peripheral edge of the opening of the bypass passage 17 to open the waste gate valve 20 It
- a plate-like link member 28 protruding in the radial direction of the stem 21 is fixed to an end portion of the stem 21 disposed outside the turbine housing 4.
- a mounting hole through which the connection pin 29 is inserted is formed at the tip of the link member 28, and the connection pin 29 is inserted through the mounting hole. Further, the connection pin 29 is inserted into a mounting hole formed in the other end 51 b which is the tip of the actuating rod 51 of the diaphragm type actuator 50 described later.
- One end of the connection pin 29 is fixed to the actuating rod 51 by caulking.
- a clip 30 is attached to the other end of the connecting pin 29 to prevent the connecting pin 29 from coming off the mounting hole.
- the stem 21 is connected to the actuating rod 51 of the diaphragm actuator 50 via the link member 28 and the connection pin 29.
- the diaphragm actuator 50 is fixed to a bracket 18 which protrudes laterally from the compressor housing 5 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the diaphragm-type actuator 50 includes an actuation rod 51 and an actuator body 52 for driving the actuation rod 51 in the axial direction.
- the actuator body 52 includes a diaphragm 53 connected to the actuating rod 51 and transmitting a driving force to the actuating rod 51, a low pressure chamber 54 adjacent to one side of the diaphragm 53, and a high pressure chamber 55 adjacent to the other side of the diaphragm 53;
- a return spring 56 is provided inside the low pressure chamber 54 and biases the diaphragm 53 toward the high pressure chamber 55.
- the low pressure chamber 54 and the high pressure chamber 55 are provided with the diaphragm 53 interposed therebetween, and the return spring 56 biases the diaphragm 53 to the high pressure chamber 55 side.
- the actuating rod 51 is a rod-like member driven by the actuator body 52.
- the actuator body 52 includes a low pressure side cup portion 58 forming a low pressure chamber 54 inside, and a high pressure side cup portion 59 forming a high pressure chamber 55 inside.
- the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59 are made of metal such as iron.
- the low pressure side cup portion 58 includes a cylindrical portion 58a and a back wall 58b closing one end side (right side in the drawing) of the cylindrical portion 58a.
- a flange portion 58c is provided which protrudes in the radial direction of the cylindrical portion 58a from the peripheral edge portion of the opening.
- a nozzle 58d is provided in the cylindrical portion 58a.
- a negative pressure pump (not shown) capable of reducing the pressure in the low pressure chamber 54 is connected to the nozzle 58 d.
- the high-pressure side cup portion 59 includes a cylindrical portion 59a and a front wall (wall) 59b that closes the other end side (left side in the drawing) of the cylindrical portion 59a. At one end side of the cylindrical portion 59a, a flange portion 59c which protrudes in the radial direction of the cylindrical portion 59a from the peripheral edge portion of the opening is provided.
- the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 59 a of the high pressure side cup portion 59 corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 58 a of the low pressure side cup portion 58.
- the inner diameters of the cylindrical portions 58a and 59a may or may not be the same. Further, an opening through which the operating rod 51 is inserted is formed at the center of the front wall 59b.
- the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59 are disposed and joined so that their openings face each other with the diaphragm 53 interposed therebetween in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the diaphragm 53 has, for example, a circular shape, and the peripheral portion of the diaphragm 53 is sandwiched by the flange portions 58 c and 59 c of the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59.
- the flange portions 58c and 59c of the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59 are joined, for example, by caulking.
- the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59 may be joined, for example, by welding, may be joined using a screw, or may be joined by another method.
- the diaphragm 53 has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portions 58a and 59a. Inside the low pressure side cup portion 58 and the high pressure side cup portion 59, the central portion of the diaphragm 53 is movable in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the low pressure side retainer 61 is provided on one side (right side in the drawing) of the diaphragm 53, and the high pressure side retainer 62 is provided on the other side (left side in the drawing) of the diaphragm 53.
- the low pressure side retainer 61 and the high pressure side retainer 62 are made of, for example, a metal such as iron.
- the low pressure side retainer 61 includes a disc-like retainer main body 61a that contacts one surface of the diaphragm 53, and a protrusion 61b that protrudes in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51 from the peripheral edge of the outer periphery of the retainer main body 61a. There is.
- the high-pressure side retainer 62 includes a disc-like retainer main body 62a that abuts on the other surface of the diaphragm 53, and a projection (rim) 62b that protrudes in the axial direction of the operating rod 51 from the peripheral edge of the retainer main body 62a. Is equipped.
- the outer diameter of the retainer main body 62 a of the high pressure side retainer 62 is smaller than the outer diameter of the retainer main body 61 a of the low pressure side retainer 61. Further, an opening is formed at the central portion of the retainer main bodies 61a and 62a.
- One end 51 a of the actuating rod 51 is connected to the diaphragm 53.
- one end 51 a of the actuating rod 51 is inserted into the opening of the high pressure side retainer 62, the opening of the diaphragm 53, and the opening of the low pressure side retainer 61, for example, by caulking.
- the low pressure side retainer 61 sandwich and support the central portion of the diaphragm 53 from both sides in the axial direction of the operating rod 51.
- operation rod 51 and the diaphragm 53 is not limited to the method linked by crimping.
- a screw may be formed at one end of the actuating rod 51, and the actuating rod 51 may be connected to the diaphragm 53 via the high-pressure side retainer 62 and the low-pressure side retainer 61 by tightening a nut. Good.
- the return spring 56 is, for example, a compression coil spring, one end of the return spring 56 abuts on the back wall 58 b of the low pressure side cup portion 58, and the other end of the return spring 56 is on the retainer body 61 a of the low pressure side retainer 61. It abuts.
- the return spring 56 is extendable and compressible in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51, and biases the diaphragm 53 toward the high pressure chamber 55 by biasing the low pressure side retainer 61 toward the high pressure chamber 55.
- the operating rod 51 extends from the diaphragm 53 to the high pressure chamber 55 side, penetrates the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59, and extends to the outside of the high pressure chamber 55.
- a bearing 63 for holding the operating rod 51 is provided at a position corresponding to the opening of the front wall 59b.
- the bearing portion 63 includes a cylindrical bush 64 and a bush accommodating portion 65 that accommodates the bush 64.
- the bush accommodating portion 65 includes a cylindrical portion 65a, a back wall (wall) 65b, and a flange portion 65c.
- the cylindrical portion 65 a is arranged to cover the outer peripheral surface of the bush 64.
- the rear wall 65b is formed to project radially inward at one end side of the cylindrical portion 65a.
- An opening through which the operating rod 51 is inserted is formed at the center of the rear wall 65b.
- the rear wall 65 b is arranged to cover the end face of one end side of the bush 64.
- the flange portion 65c is formed to project outward in the radial direction on the other end side of the cylindrical portion 65a.
- the flange portion 65 c is fixed to an inner wall surface (a surface on the indoor side) of the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59.
- the flange portion 65c is joined to the high pressure side cup portion 59 by welding, for example.
- the bush 64 is disposed between the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59 and the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the bush accommodating portion 65 is disposed so as to project inward from the front wall 59b.
- the back wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 is disposed at a position closer to the diaphragm 53 than the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59.
- the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 faces the high pressure side retainer 62 in the axial direction of the operating rod 51.
- the diaphragm actuator 50 is an anti-vibration sheet (elastic member) between the high pressure side retainer 62 and the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 in the high pressure chamber 55 in the axial direction of the operating rod 51. It has 66.
- the vibration proofing sheet 66 is, for example, a rubber plate (plate-like portion) formed in a ring shape.
- the central opening of the vibration isolation sheet 66 is an opening through which the operating rod 51 is inserted.
- the outer diameter of the anti-vibration sheet 66 corresponds to the outer diameter of the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65.
- the vibration proofing sheet 66 is disposed such that the thickness direction of the vibration proofing sheet 66 is along the axial direction of the operating rod 51.
- One surface of the vibration isolation sheet 66 is disposed to face the retainer body 62 a of the high-pressure side retainer 62, and the other surface of the vibration isolation sheet 66 is an inner wall surface of the back wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 Face the opposite wall).
- the vibration proofing sheet 66 is attached to the inner wall surface of the back wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 by adhesion, for example.
- the material of the vibration-proof sheet 66 is, for example, heat-resistant rubber such as silicone rubber or chloroprene rubber.
- the temperature inside the high pressure chamber 55 is, for example, about 100 ° C. in the use state of the turbocharger 1.
- the exhaust gas flowing in from the exhaust gas inlet 8 passes through the turbine scroll channel 4 a and is supplied to the inlet side of the turbine wheel 6.
- the turbine wheel 6 generates rotational force using the pressure of the supplied exhaust gas to rotate the rotating shaft 14 and the compressor wheel 7 integrally with the turbine wheel 6.
- the air drawn in from the suction port 9 of the compressor 3 is compressed using the compressor wheel 7.
- the air compressed by the compressor wheel 7 is discharged from the discharge port 11 through the diffuser flow path 5a and the compressor scroll flow path 5b.
- the air discharged from the discharge port 11 is supplied to the engine.
- the supercharging pressure pressure of air discharged from the discharge port 11
- a negative pressure pump is used to Negative pressure is applied.
- the internal pressure of the high pressure chamber 55 is higher than the internal pressure of the low pressure chamber 54
- the diaphragm 53 is biased by the internal pressure of the high pressure chamber 55
- the central portion of the diaphragm 53 moves to the low pressure chamber 54 side.
- the return spring 56 is in a compressed state.
- the central portion of the diaphragm 53 approaches the rear wall 58b of the low pressure side cup portion 58.
- the operating rod 51 is in a state of being pulled to one end in the axial direction, and the tensile force by the operating rod 51 is determined through the link member 28 connected to the operating rod 51, the stem 21 and the swinging piece 22. It is transmitted to 23.
- the valve body 23 is pressed against the peripheral edge of the opening of the bypass passage 17, and the waste gate valve 20 is closed. That is, in the turbine 2, the bypass of the exhaust gas by the bypass passage 17 is not performed.
- the negative pressure pump When the supercharging pressure reaches the set pressure during operation of the supercharger 1, the negative pressure pump does not apply the negative pressure, and the internal pressure of the low pressure chamber 54 increases. The internal pressure will approach the internal pressure of the high pressure chamber 55. At this time, the return spring 56 in the compressed state is extended, the diaphragm 53 is biased by the return spring 56, and the central portion of the diaphragm 53 moves to the high pressure chamber 55 side.
- the retainer main body 62 a of the high pressure side retainer 62 abuts on the anti-vibration sheet 66 It is in the state.
- the anti-vibration sheet 66 is sandwiched between the retainer main body 62 a and the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 in the axial direction of the operating rod 51.
- the anti-vibration sheet 66 is attached to the inner wall surface of the back wall 65b of the bush accommodating portion 65, so that the contact between the high pressure side retainer 62 and the back wall 65b is prevented. Therefore, there is no possibility that the high-pressure side retainer 62 and the back wall 65b hit each other to generate abnormal noise.
- the bush accommodating portion 65 protrudes to the high pressure side retainer 62 side more than the front wall 59b of the high pressure side cup portion 59, the high pressure side retainer 62 is anti-vibration before the high pressure side retainer 62 hits the front wall 59b. It will hit the sheet 66. Therefore, there is no possibility that the high-pressure side retainer 62 and the high-pressure side cup portion 59 hit each other to generate noise.
- a diaphragm-type actuator 50B according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the diaphragm actuator 50B according to the second embodiment differs from the diaphragm actuator 50 according to the first embodiment in that a compression coil spring (elastic member) 67 is provided instead of the vibration isolation sheet 66.
- a compression coil spring (elastic member) 67 is provided instead of the vibration isolation sheet 66.
- the description similar to that of the first embodiment is omitted.
- the compression coil spring 67 is disposed between the rear wall 65 b of the bush accommodating portion 65 and the retainer main body 62 a in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the compression coil spring 67 is disposed coaxially with the actuating rod 51, one end of the compression coil spring 67 abuts on the retainer main body 62a, and the other end of the compression coil spring 67 abuts on the wall surface of the back wall 65b.
- the outer diameter of the compression coil spring 67 corresponds, for example, to the outer diameter of the back wall 65b.
- the spring constant of the compression coil spring 67 is lower than the spring constant of the return spring 56 disposed inside the low pressure chamber 54, and is, for example, 1/10 to 1/5 of the spring constant of the return spring 56.
- the central portion of the diaphragm 53 is biased by the return spring 56 to move to the high pressure chamber 55 side. Is in a compressed state.
- the compression coil spring 67 vibrates the high pressure side retainer 62 and the diaphragm 53.
- the vibration of the valve body 23 of the diaphragm actuator 50 is suppressed.
- the high-pressure side retainer 62 and the compression coil spring 67 contact each other even when the valve is not fully opened, so that the vibration of the actuating rod 51 is suppressed regardless of the valve opening. .
- the other end of the compression coil spring 67 is disposed to abut on the back wall 65b of the bush accommodating portion 65.
- the other end of the compression coil spring 67 is a high pressure side cup It may be arranged to abut on the inner wall surface of the front wall 59 b of the portion 59.
- a plurality of compression coil springs 67 may be provided.
- the compression coil springs 67 may be disposed outside the actuating rod 51 so as not to insert the actuating rod 51.
- the axial length of the compression coil spring 67 may be shorter than the distance between the back wall 65 b and the retainer main body 62 a.
- the other end of the compression coil spring 67 may be attached to the back wall 65b, and one end of the compression coil spring 67 may be spaced apart from the retainer main body 62a. In this configuration, when the amount of movement of the diaphragm 53 toward the high pressure chamber 55 increases, the retainer main body 62a abuts against the compression coil spring 67, and the vibration of the high pressure side retainer 62 is attenuated.
- One end of the compression coil spring 67 may be attached to the retainer main body 62a, and the other end of the compression coil spring 67 may be spaced apart from the rear wall 65b. In this configuration, when the amount of movement of the diaphragm 53 to the high pressure chamber 55 increases, the back wall 65b abuts against the compression coil spring 67, and the vibration of the high-pressure side retainer 62 is attenuated.
- the diaphragm actuator 50C according to the third embodiment differs from the diaphragm actuator 50 according to the first embodiment in that the bearing 63 disposed so as to project from the front wall 59b into the inside of the high pressure chamber 55, The point having a bearing portion 68 arranged to project from the front wall 59b to the outside of the high pressure chamber 55, and the anti-vibration sheet 66 attached to the back wall 65b of the bush accommodating portion 65 It is a point provided with the anti-vibration sheet 69 attached to the wall surface.
- the same descriptions as those of the first and second embodiments will be omitted.
- the bearing portion 68 includes a bush 64 and a bush accommodating portion 65.
- the bush accommodating portion 65 includes a cylindrical portion 65a and a front wall 65d.
- the cylindrical portion 65 a is formed to project from the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59 to the other end side of the actuating rod 51.
- One end side of the cylindrical portion 65 a is provided continuously to the front wall 59 b of the high pressure side cup portion 59.
- the front wall 65d of the bush accommodating portion 65 is formed to project radially inward from the cylindrical portion 65a on the other end side of the cylindrical portion 65a.
- An opening through which the operating rod 51 is inserted is formed in the center of the front wall 65d.
- the front wall 65 d is disposed so as to cover the end face on the other end side of the bush 64.
- the vibration proofing sheet 69 is, for example, a disk-shaped rubber plate (plate-like portion). An opening for inserting the operating rod 51 is formed at the center of the anti-vibration sheet 69.
- the outer diameter of the vibration proofing sheet 69 is larger than the outer diameter of the projecting portion 62 b of the high-pressure side retainer 62.
- the vibration proofing sheet 69 is attached to the front wall 59b by, for example, bonding.
- the vibration proofing sheet 69 is attached to the front wall 59b, but the vibration proofing sheet may be attached to the high pressure side retainer 62, for example.
- the anti-vibration sheet may have a ring shape and may be arranged to cover the end face of the protrusion 62 b of the high-pressure side retainer 62.
- a diaphragm actuator 50D according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the diaphragm-type actuator 50D according to the fourth embodiment differs from the diaphragm-type actuator 50C according to the third embodiment in that a vibration-proof sheet 70 is provided instead of the vibration-proof sheet 69.
- a vibration-proof sheet 70 is provided instead of the vibration-proof sheet 69.
- the same descriptions as those of the first, second, and third embodiments will be omitted.
- the vibration isolation sheet 70 is a plate-like rubber member in which a truncated cone shape is formed, for example.
- the vibration proofing sheet 70 has a disk shape, and a cylindrical shape extending from the outer peripheral edge of the back surface 70a to the front wall 59b from the back surface (plate-like portion) 70a spaced apart from the front wall 59b. It has a portion (extension portion) 70b and a flange portion 70c which protrudes outward in the radial direction from the end on the front wall 59b side of the cylindrical portion 70b.
- the back surface 70 a is separated from the front wall 59 b in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51, and is disposed on the diaphragm 53 side. A predetermined space is formed between the back surface 70a and the front wall 59b. An opening through which the operating rod 51 is inserted is formed at the center of the back surface 70a.
- the back surface 70 a forms a wall surface facing the high pressure side retainer 62 in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the outer diameter of the back surface 70 a is, for example, smaller than the inner diameter of the protrusion 62 b of the high-pressure side retainer 62.
- the cylindrical portion 70b is formed in a conical shape, and the inner diameter increases as it approaches the front wall 59b. In the axial direction of the actuating rod 51, one end of the cylindrical portion 70b is connected to the back surface 70a, and the other end of the cylindrical portion 70b is in contact with the inner wall surface of the front wall 59b.
- the outer diameter of the other end of the cylindrical portion 70b is larger than the outer diameter of one end, for example, smaller than the inner diameter of the protrusion 62b of the high-pressure side retainer 62.
- the flange portion 70 c is disposed to face, for example, the projecting portion 62 b of the high-pressure side retainer 62 in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51.
- the flange portion 70c is attached to the inner wall surface of the front wall 59b, for example, by adhesion.
- the outer diameter of the flange portion 70c may be larger than the outer diameter of the protruding portion 62b of the high-pressure side retainer 62, or may be smaller than the outer diameter of the protruding portion 62b.
- the vibration proofing sheet 70 can be formed of, for example, a plate-like rubber member.
- the vibration proofing sheet 70 can be formed by pressing the rubber member against the base forming the truncated cone shape and pressing.
- the diaphragm 53 moves toward the high pressure chamber 55 in the central portion of the diaphragm 53, and when this amount of movement becomes maximum, the retainer body 62a of the high pressure side retainer 62 contacts the back surface 70a of the vibration isolation sheet 70. Contact. Thereby, the vibration of the valve body 23 is transmitted to the diaphragm 53 and the high pressure side retainer 62, and the vibration of the high pressure side retainer 62 and the diaphragm 53 is attenuated by the vibration isolation sheet 70. Therefore, the vibration of the actuating rod 51 is suppressed, and the vibration of the valve body 23 of the diaphragm actuator 50 is suppressed.
- the anti-vibration sheet 70 is attached to the front wall 59b as in the third embodiment, but the anti-vibration sheet 70 may be attached to the high-pressure side retainer 62, for example.
- the outer diameter of the back surface 70a of the vibration proofing sheet 70 may be larger than the outer diameter of the projection 62b of the high-pressure side retainer 62, and the back surface 70a may be arranged to cover the end face of the projection 62b.
- the shape of the chevron formed on the anti-vibration sheet 70 is not limited to the truncated cone shape.
- it may be cylindrical or rectangular.
- the side surface of the mountain shape is not limited to a tubular shape, and may have a plurality of leg-shaped extended portions arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the anti-vibration sheet 70 is configured to include the flange portion 70c, but may not be configured to include the flange portion 70c.
- the vibration-proof sheet 70 may have a flange portion projecting radially inward at the end on the front wall 59b side of the cylindrical portion 70b, and closes the end on the front wall 59b side of the cylindrical portion 70b. It may be configured to include a disk-shaped front portion formed as described above.
- the diaphragm type actuator 50 is used as a drive source of the waste gate valve 20 of the turbocharger 1 in the above embodiment, it may be used as a drive source for opening and closing other valves. Also, the diaphragm actuator 50 may be used as a drive source for driving an object other than a valve.
- the elastic members may be, for example, disc springs, plate springs or other spring members.
- a plurality of spring members of the same type may be arranged to overlap in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51, or a plurality of spring members may be arranged to overlap in the axial direction of the actuating rod 51 May be.
- a configuration in which a plurality of vibration isolation sheets 69 as illustrated in FIG. 6 are stacked may be used, or a configuration in which a plurality of vibration isolation sheets having different thicknesses or materials are stacked may be used.
- the anti-vibration sheet 70 may be disposed on the side of the diaphragm 53 of the anti-vibration sheet 69.
- a compression coil spring may be disposed on the diaphragm 53 side of the vibration isolation sheets 66, 69, 70, or a compression coil spring may be disposed on the front wall 59b side of the vibration isolation sheets 66, 69, 70. .
- the elastic member when attaching the elastic member to the back wall 65b of the bush accommodating portion 65, attaching the elastic member to the front wall 59b of the high pressure side cup portion 59, attaching the elastic member to the high pressure side retainer 62 is illustrated.
- the elastic member may be attached to other parts.
- the elastic member may be attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 59a of the high pressure side cup portion 59, or may be attached to the high pressure side cup portion 59 via another member. .
- the high pressure side retainer 62 is configured to include the projecting portion 62 b that protrudes into the high pressure chamber 55, but the high pressure side retainer 62 does not include the projecting portion 62 b that protrudes to the inside of the high pressure chamber 55. It may be a configuration. Further, the projecting portion 62b is not limited to one projecting from the outer peripheral portion of the retainer main body 62a, and may be configured to project from an intermediate portion in the radial direction.
- turbocharger 1 in which the waste gate valve 20 is adopted is exemplified for a vehicle
- the turbocharger is not limited to a vehicle, and may be used for an engine for ships, and others May be used in the engine of
- the vibration of the retainer and the diaphragm can be suppressed by the elastic member, so that the vibration of the actuating rod connected to the diaphragm can be suppressed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1~図3に示される過給機1は、車両用の過給機であり、図示しないエンジンから排出された排気ガスを利用して、エンジンに供給される空気を圧縮するものである。この過給機1は、図3に示すウェイストゲートバルブ20を開閉するダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50を備えている。この過給機1は、タービン2とコンプレッサ(遠心圧縮機)3とを備える。タービン2は、タービンハウジング4と、タービンハウジング4に収納されたタービン翼車6と、を備えている。コンプレッサ3は、コンプレッサハウジング5と、コンプレッサハウジング5に収納されたコンプレッサ翼車7と、を備えている。
タービンハウジング4の内部には、流量可変バルブ機構の1つとしてウェイストゲートバルブ20が設けられている。ウェイストゲートバルブ20は、バイパス通路17の開口部を開閉するバルブである。ウェイストゲートバルブ20は、タービンハウジング4の外壁に対して回転可能に支持されたステム21と、ステム21からステム21の径方向に張り出す揺動片22と、揺動片22に支持された弁体23と、を備えている。
次に、ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50について説明する。ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50は、図2及び図3に示されるように、コンプレッサハウジング5から側方に突出するブラケット18に固定されている。
次に、図5を参照して、第2実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Bについて説明する。第2実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Bが、第1実施形態のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50と異なる点は、防振シート66に代えて、圧縮コイルバネ(弾性部材)67を備える点である。なお、第2実施形態の説明において、第1実施形態と同様の説明は省略する。
次に、図6を参照して、第3実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Cについて説明する。第3実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Cが、第1実施形態のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50と異なる点は、正面壁59bから高圧室55の内部に張り出すように配置された軸受け部63に代えて、正面壁59bから高圧室55の外部に張り出すように配置された軸受け部68を備える点、及びブッシュ収容部65の背面壁65bに取り付けられた防振シート66に代えて、正面壁59bの内壁面に取り付けられた防振シート69を備える点である。なお、第3実施形態の説明において、第1,第2実施形態と同様の説明は省略する。
次に、図7を参照して、第4実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Dについて説明する。第4実施形態に係るダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Dが、第3実施形態のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ50Cと異なる点は、防振シート69に代えて、防振シート70を備える点である。なお、第4実施形態の説明において、第1、第2、第3実施形態と同様の説明は省略する。
50、50B、50C、50D ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ
51 作動ロッド
52 アクチュエータ本体
53 ダイヤフラム
54 低圧室
55 高圧室
56 復帰スプリング
59b 正面壁(リテーナに対向する壁面)
62 高圧側リテーナ
62b 突出部(リム)
63 軸受け部
65b 背面壁(リテーナに対向する壁)
66、69、70 防振シート(弾性部材、板状のゴム、円錐台状のゴム)
67 圧縮コイルバネ(弾性部材)
70a 背面部(板状部)
70b 筒状部(延出部)
Claims (6)
- 作動ロッドを前記作動ロッドの軸線方向に駆動するダイヤフラム式アクチュエータであって、
前記作動ロッドに連結されたダイヤフラムと、
前記ダイヤフラムの前記軸線方向における一端側に隣接する低圧室と、
前記ダイヤフラムの前記軸線方向における他端側に隣接する高圧室と、
前記低圧室に設けられ、前記ダイヤフラムを前記高圧室側に付勢する復帰スプリングと、
前記ダイヤフラムの前記高圧室側の面に設けられたリテーナと、
前記高圧室の内部で、前記軸線方向において前記リテーナと前記リテーナに対向する壁面との間に配置された弾性部材と、を備えるダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。 - 前記リテーナには、前記軸線方向において前記高圧室の内部に突出するリムが形成され、
前記弾性部材は、前記軸線方向において前記リムと対向して配置されている請求項1に記載のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。 - 前記弾性部材は、前記高圧室の前記リテーナに対向する壁体の内面である前記壁面に取り付けられている請求項1又は2に記載のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。
- 前記作動ロッドは、前記ダイヤフラムから前記高圧室側に延在し、前記軸線方向において、前記高圧室の前記リテーナに対向する壁体を貫通し、
前記壁体には、前記作動ロッドを保持する軸受け部が支持され、
前記軸受け部は、前記壁体から前記高圧室の内部に張り出し、
前記弾性部材は、前記軸受け部の前記リテーナ側の面である前記壁面に取り付けられている請求項1又は2に記載のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。 - 前記弾性部材は、ゴム部材から形成され、
前記軸線方向において前記リテーナに対向して配置された板状部を備え、
前記板状部の板厚方向が前記軸線方向に沿うように配置されている請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。 - 前記弾性部材は、前記板状部から前記他端側に延びる延出部を備える請求項5に記載のダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/545,031 US10480545B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-11 | Diaphragm type actuator |
| DE112016001572.0T DE112016001572B4 (de) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-11 | Aktuator der membranart |
| CN201680006385.XA CN107208667A (zh) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-11 | 隔膜式致动器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015071805A JP6575107B2 (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ |
| JP2015-071805 | 2015-03-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016158323A1 true WO2016158323A1 (ja) | 2016-10-06 |
Family
ID=57007053
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/057829 Ceased WO2016158323A1 (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-11 | ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10480545B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6575107B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107208667A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112016001572B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016158323A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202017104079U1 (de) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-08-21 | Samson Ag | Stellantrieb für Prozessventile |
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| JPS6049302U (ja) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-04-06 | 京三電機株式会社 | ダイヤフラム駆動装置 |
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| US3648571A (en) | 1970-07-02 | 1972-03-14 | F & E Mfg Co | Vacuum motor |
| DE2509138A1 (de) | 1975-03-03 | 1976-09-16 | Siemens Ag | Pneumatischer stellantrieb |
| US4377070A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1983-03-22 | The Garrett Corporation | Turbocharger control actuator |
| JPS63166704U (ja) | 1987-04-20 | 1988-10-31 | ||
| JPH01238703A (ja) | 1988-03-16 | 1989-09-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ダイヤフラム装置 |
| JPH0730965Y2 (ja) | 1988-07-30 | 1995-07-19 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | ダイアフラムアクチュエータ |
| JPH0350327A (ja) | 1989-07-19 | 1991-03-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 過給圧制御装置 |
| JP2853053B2 (ja) | 1990-05-11 | 1999-02-03 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | ダイアフラムアクチュエータ |
| US5377579A (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-03 | Nai Anchorlok, Inc. | Fluid-operated spring brake atuator with funnel-shaped pressure plate |
| JPH07269512A (ja) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-17 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | ダイヤフラム式アクチュエータ |
| JPH08296448A (ja) | 1995-04-26 | 1996-11-12 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | ウェイストゲート・アクチュエータ |
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| JP4207830B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-13 | 2009-01-14 | Nok株式会社 | 流体圧アクチュエータ |
| JP4345569B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2009-10-14 | Nok株式会社 | 流体圧アクチュエータ |
| DE102007018618A1 (de) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Borgwarner Inc., Auburn Hills | Turbolader |
| JP5526853B2 (ja) | 2010-02-22 | 2014-06-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ダイヤフラム型アクチュエータ |
| DE102010010110A1 (de) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-09-08 | Smk Systeme Metall Kunststoff Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Pneumatischer Steller |
| CN202082186U (zh) | 2011-06-15 | 2011-12-21 | 毛孟其 | 膜片式单向气缸 |
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2015
- 2015-03-31 JP JP2015071805A patent/JP6575107B2/ja active Active
-
2016
- 2016-03-11 CN CN201680006385.XA patent/CN107208667A/zh active Pending
- 2016-03-11 WO PCT/JP2016/057829 patent/WO2016158323A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-03-11 DE DE112016001572.0T patent/DE112016001572B4/de active Active
- 2016-03-11 US US15/545,031 patent/US10480545B2/en active Active
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| JPS5555606U (ja) * | 1978-10-09 | 1980-04-15 | ||
| JPS6049302U (ja) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-04-06 | 京三電機株式会社 | ダイヤフラム駆動装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2016191427A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
| JP6575107B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
| DE112016001572T5 (de) | 2017-12-28 |
| CN107208667A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| DE112016001572B4 (de) | 2026-03-26 |
| US20180010620A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
| US10480545B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
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