WO2016152375A1 - 超音波探触子、超音波診断装置、および、超音波探触子のテスト方法 - Google Patents
超音波探触子、超音波診断装置、および、超音波探触子のテスト方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152375A1 WO2016152375A1 PCT/JP2016/055706 JP2016055706W WO2016152375A1 WO 2016152375 A1 WO2016152375 A1 WO 2016152375A1 JP 2016055706 W JP2016055706 W JP 2016055706W WO 2016152375 A1 WO2016152375 A1 WO 2016152375A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/317—Testing of digital circuits
- G01R31/31712—Input or output aspects
- G01R31/31716—Testing of input or output with loop-back
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
- A61B8/4494—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer characterised by the arrangement of the transducer elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating the diagnostic device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/15—Performance testing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/29—Performance testing
Definitions
- the present invention separates a receiving circuit composed of a low-voltage device from a high-voltage signal output from a transmitting circuit composed of a high-voltage device mounted on an ultrasound probe that is a component of an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a method of operating a reception / transmission / reception separation switch for protection.
- the present invention relates to a technique for realizing a test method for testing a transmission circuit and a reception circuit for each transducer using a signal looped back from a transmission circuit to a reception circuit inside an ultrasonic probe.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is a highly safe medical diagnostic apparatus that is non-invasive to the human body and has a smaller apparatus scale than other medical image diagnostic apparatuses such as an X-ray diagnostic apparatus and an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) apparatus.
- medical image diagnostic apparatuses such as an X-ray diagnostic apparatus and an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) apparatus.
- MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- it is a device that can display in real time the state of movement of the test object, such as the pulsation of the heart or the movement of the fetus, by simply operating the ultrasound probe from the body surface, Plays an important role.
- an ultrasonic wave is transmitted into a subject by supplying a high-voltage drive signal to each of a plurality of transducers built in the ultrasonic probe.
- a reflected ultrasonic wave generated by the difference in acoustic impedance of the living tissue in the subject is received by each of the plurality of vibration elements, and an image is generated based on the reflected wave received by the ultrasonic probe.
- the transmitter circuit that supplies high-voltage drive signals to each transducer built in the ultrasound probe is composed of high-voltage devices so that it can generate high-voltage signals of tens to hundreds of Vpeak to peak. Is done.
- a high-voltage MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- LDMOS Laterally Diffused MOS
- the receiving circuit for signal processing is constituted by a low voltage device because of low noise, low power consumption, and a small area.
- each transducer in the ultrasonic probe is a transducer in which the same element performs both electro-acoustic and acoustic-electricity, a transmission circuit that supplies a high voltage to the same element, and weak reception Both receiving circuits that receive signals are connected.
- a switch between the transducer and the receiving circuit so that the receiving circuit constituted by the low-voltage device is not electrically destroyed when the transmitting circuit supplies a high-voltage drive signal to the transducer. Done.
- This switch is called a transmission / reception separation switch.
- the transmission / reception separation switch is switched off during transmission, and separates the reception circuit from the high-voltage drive signal generated by the transmission circuit to prevent electrical destruction.
- the switch When receiving, the switch is turned on, and has a role of passing a weak received signal from the vibrator with low loss. Because of the above role, the transmission / reception separation switch is required to have electrical characteristics that can withstand a high voltage signal, and must be composed of a high voltage device.
- an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus capable of obtaining a three-dimensional stereoscopic image has been developed, and inspection efficiency can be improved by obtaining a tomographic image by specifying an arbitrary cross section from the three-dimensional stereoscopic image.
- the transducers in the ultrasonic probe For three-dimensional imaging, it is necessary to change the transducers in the ultrasonic probe from the conventional one-dimensional array to the two-dimensional array, and the number of transducers is 2 compared to the conventional ultrasonic probe. Increases to the power. In this case, it is practically impossible to increase the number of cables connecting the ultrasonic probe and the main unit by a square, so that the number of cables received by reducing the number by phasing in the ultrasonic probe is reduced. It is necessary to transfer the signal to the main unit via a cable.
- the function of transmission / reception and phasing addition is realized as a beamformer IC, and a transmission / reception circuit is arranged for each transducer in the IC.
- Pads that are electrically connected to the vibrator on a one-to-one basis are prepared, and peripheral pads for sending the output after the phasing addition to the main body device are prepared separately.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a beam former IC.
- 100 is a silicon wafer or IC chip
- 200 is a vibrator connection pad connected to a vibrator (not shown)
- 300 is a peripheral pad connected to a main unit interface or the like.
- a probe is applied to a number of pads prepared for each vibrator. It is necessary to connect with a tester. However, it is difficult to apply a large number of probes simultaneously to a large number of pads, such as thousands or 10,000 or more, arranged two-dimensionally as shown in FIG. For this reason, it is desirable to test the transmission / reception circuit for each transducer by looping back a signal from the transmission circuit to the reception circuit in the IC. In such an internal signal loopback test, it is only necessary to connect the probe to the hundreds of peripheral pads connected to the main unit and connect to the tester. Thousands or 10,000 prepared for each transducer It is not necessary to apply a probe to the above pads.
- Patent Document 1 A technology capable of such an internal signal loopback test is proposed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 14 is a redraw of FIG. 7 of Patent Document 1 from the viewpoint of the inventor in order to understand the problem of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 relates to a transmission / reception separation switch using a MOS on a triple well.
- Reference numeral 1401 denotes a signal transmission / reception processor
- 1402 denotes a transmission circuit
- 1403 denotes a transmission power amplifier.
- RFIO is a terminal for transmission and reception.
- 1404 and 1405 are transmission / reception separation switches
- 1406 is an attenuator
- 1407 and 1408 are amplifiers
- 1409 is a receiving circuit.
- normal reception is an operation in which the output of the transmission / reception separation switch 1404 with low loss is amplified by a low noise amplifier (LNA: Low Noise Amplifier) 0 (1407), and internal signal loopback calibration is performed.
- LNA Low Noise Amplifier
- the reception circuit 1409 is prevented from being destroyed by performing reception through the signal path of the LNA 1 (1408) that has passed through the attenuator 1406 at the rear stage of the transmission / reception separation switch 1405.
- This configuration makes it possible to configure a low-noise receiver using a low-loss switch at the time of reception, and at the time of internal signal loopback calibration, the signal amplitude can be limited by an attenuator to prevent the reception circuit from being destroyed.
- the switch is turned off during transmission, and the receiver circuit is separated from the high-voltage drive signal generated by the transmitter circuit to prevent electrical breakdown.
- the switch is turned on during reception to pass weak reception signals from the transducer with low loss.
- the gate-source voltage Vgs of the high breakdown voltage MOS constituting the switch is made shallower during the internal signal loopback test from the transmission circuit to the reception circuit than in the normal reception. More preferably, a low voltage MOS is connected between the switch output and 0VGND or a predetermined power source, and is turned on during the internal signal loopback test.
- the Vgs is biased to the vicinity of the maximum withstand voltage at the time of reception, thereby reducing the on-resistance, ie, low loss
- a low-noise receiving circuit can be realized, and on the other hand, at the time of internal signal loopback test, it is possible to achieve both high receiving performance and high testability by ensuring a withstand voltage and not destroying the device.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes an ultrasonic transducer, a transmission circuit connected to the transducer, a reception circuit connected to the transducer, and a transmission / reception separation switch disposed between the transducer and the reception circuit. It is an acoustic probe.
- the transmission / reception separation switch includes two transistor elements, and the gates and sources of the two transistor elements are connected to each other. A gate potential step-down circuit for reducing the voltage Vgs between the common gate and the common source of the two transistors is provided.
- test signal When a test signal is input to the transmission circuit and the test signal is looped back from the transmission circuit to the reception circuit, By reducing the gate potential of the transistor, the test signal is passed while maintaining the common gate-source voltage Vgs that does not violate the gate-source breakdown voltage of the transistor.
- the power supply voltage (or the voltage of the switch input signal) may be divided by a resistor.
- a voltage drop technique using a diode or a diode-connected transistor can be employed.
- an output side transistor is connected to the switch output of the transmission / reception separation switch, and the connection destination of the output side transistor is 0V GND, or a power supply corresponding to the center voltage of the signal applied to the input in the switch-on state.
- the switch output is short-circuited to the power supply corresponding to GND or the center voltage via the output side transistor, so that the input signal of the transmission / reception separation switch is determined by the on resistance of the transmission / reception separation switch and the on resistance of the output side transistor. Is divided to reduce the signal amplitude.
- an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus including a subarray, an adder circuit that adds outputs from the subarray, and a main unit that processes the output from the adder circuit.
- the subarray includes a plurality of transducer channels, and each transducer channel includes a transducer, a transmission circuit connected to the transducer, a reception circuit connected to the transducer, and a transmission / reception separation switch.
- the transmission / reception separation switch includes a transistor element as a switching element, has a potential control circuit for controlling the gate-source voltage Vgs of the transistor, and the transmission / reception separation switch is used when transmitting a signal from the transmission circuit to the vibrator.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic wave including a transducer, a transmission circuit connected to the transducer, a reception circuit connected to the transducer, and a transmission / reception separation switch disposed between the transducer and the reception circuit. This is a probe test method.
- the transmission / reception separation switch includes two transistor elements, and has a configuration in which gates and sources of the two transistor elements are connected to each other, and a transmission mode in which the transmission / reception separation switch is turned off at the time of transmission in which the vibrator is driven by a transmission circuit;
- the reception mode in which the transmission / reception separation switch is turned on and the voltage Vgs between the common gate and the common source of the two transistors are intermediate between the transmission mode and the reception mode.
- the test mode is set to
- the signal is attenuated and output while ensuring the withstand voltage in the transmission / reception separation switch, and the internal signal loopback test method is realized so as not to destroy the low-voltage receiving circuit in the subsequent stage.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration for generating high-breakdown-voltage NMOS Vgs using resistance division as an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration for generating high-voltage NMOS Vgs using a series forward diode instead of the resistance voltage division of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration for generating Vgs of a high breakdown voltage NMOS using a series of diode-connected NMOSs having a drain-gate connection instead of the resistance voltage division of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration in which an ideal switch in the embodiment of FIG. 3 is expressed by an actual element.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration in which an ideal switch in the embodiment of FIG. 3 is expressed by an actual element.
- FIG. 5 is a table of a truth table expressing a relationship between an operation mode of a circuit configuration by an actual element of FIG. 4 and a control signal. It is the perspective view which showed the test form of IC in the state of a silicon wafer or the chip
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system configuration example of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to which the present invention is applied. It is the block diagram which showed the subarray structural example of IC in an ultrasonic probe to which this invention is applied. It is the block diagram which showed the structural example provided with the determination device which determines the result of an internal signal loopback test in IC in the subarray of IC in an ultrasonic probe to which this invention is applied.
- notations such as “first”, “second”, and “third” are attached to identify the constituent elements, and do not necessarily limit the number or order.
- a number for identifying a component is used for each context, and a number used in one context does not necessarily indicate the same configuration in another context. Further, it does not preclude that a component identified by a certain number also functions as a component identified by another number.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the basic switch circuit in series of two high voltage NMOSs (N-channel enhancement type MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor)) with the gate and source consisting of MN0 and MN1 shown in FIG. Known as.
- NMOSs N-channel enhancement type MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor)
- MN0 and MN1 shown in FIG.
- the switch input SWIN and switch output SWOUT in FIG. 1 have potentials determined outside the configuration in FIG. 1 by being connected to 0 V GND via a resistor. .
- MN0 and MN1 circled in FIG. 1 are high voltage MOS transistors.
- a device having a structure that relaxes the electric field strength between the drain and the gate such as an LDMOS
- LDMOS has a structure in which the source and the drain are asymmetric, and the source and the bulk are connected.
- the drain-gate and the drain-source have a structure that can withstand a high voltage of several tens of volts or 100 V or more, but only a low voltage of, for example, 5 V can be applied between the gate and the source.
- the line on the left side of the symbol MN0 is thickened. This indicates that the left side is a structural drain and there is a drift region that relaxes the electric field.
- MN2 is a transistor connected to the switch output of the transmission / reception separation switch. This transistor may be a low voltage transistor.
- the connection destination of the transistor MN2 is 0V GND or a power supply corresponding to the center voltage of the signal applied to the input in the switch-on state.
- the potential VCG of the common gate CG is a potential obtained by dividing Vdd by R0 and R1 (Equation 1).
- This VCG is applied as Vgs of MN0 and MN1, and MN0 and MN1 are shallower than when receiving and are turned on with high resistance. This state is assigned to the internal signal loopback test mode.
- the signal can be divided and attenuated by MN0, MN1, and MN2. If the on-resistance of MN * is RMN *, the input signal voltage is VIN, and the output signal voltage is VOUT, (Equation 2).
- the Vgs of MN0 and MN1 are shallower and the on resistances RMN0 and RMN1 are higher than those at the time of reception.
- the output amplitude can be further reduced by increasing the denominator.
- an internal signal loopback test mode in which SW0 in FIG. 1 is turned on, SW1 is turned off, and SW2 is turned off is prepared.
- Vgs of MN0 and MN1 shallower than that by reception by resistance voltage division, MN0 By increasing the on-resistance of MN1 from the time of reception and turning on MN2, it receives a large-amplitude internal loopback signal without causing a violation of the withstand voltage, and a signal amplitude that does not destroy the subsequent low-voltage receiving circuit by voltage division. It becomes possible to attenuate and output.
- the transmission / reception separation switch itself is used as an attenuator, it is not necessary to prepare an attenuator separately from the transmission / reception separation switch as in Patent Document 1, and furthermore, the same signal path is used during reception and during the internal signal loopback test. Therefore, the test can be performed on the receiving circuit itself used for the actual receiving operation.
- SW0 is turned off
- SW1 is turned on
- MN0 and MN1 are turned off
- the transmission / reception separation switch is turned off.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transmission / reception separation switch according to the present invention.
- the Vgs of MN0 and MN1 are generated by the resistance voltage division by the resistance voltage division of R0 and R1.
- current flows from Vdd to R0 and R1 for example, in order to suppress power consumption to the ⁇ W order, it is necessary to make R0 and R1 have a high resistance on the order of M ⁇ , which is prepared in the semiconductor process to be used. Although it depends on the sheet resistance of the resistance type, there is a concern that the area of the resistance becomes large.
- forward diodes D0, D1, D2, and D3 are used instead of R0 in FIG.
- the forward voltage of the diode is Vf
- the potential of the common gate CG is (Equation 3).
- VCG will be lowered from Vdd by Vf of 4 stages of diodes.
- the number of forward diodes in series may be adjusted according to the required VCG.
- a resistor R0 or a current source is required between CG and CS.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the transmission / reception separation switch according to the present invention.
- a forward diode is used to lower the potential VCG of the common gate CG from Vdd.
- a diode that can be used in the forward direction passes a large current for rectification. There is a case that it is designed assuming that there is a concern that the area is large.
- a diode-connected MOS in which the drain and the gate are connected is used instead of the diode of the first embodiment.
- the internal signal loopback test mode is established by turning SW0 on, SW1 off, and SW2 off.
- the gate-source voltages of MN3, MN4, MN5, and MN6 are Vgsd, and the potential of the common gate CG is (several 4).
- VCG is lowered from Vdd by Vgsd of 4 stages of diode-connected MOS.
- the number of diode-connected MOSs in series may be adjusted according to the required VCG.
- a resistor R0 or a current source is required between CG and CS. If the semiconductor process to be used does not provide a high sheet resistance resistive element or a small-area diode that can be used in the forward direction, the circuit area of the present embodiment is larger than that of the embodiment of FIG. There is a possibility that it can be made smaller.
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the transmission / reception separation switch according to the present invention.
- the element represented as an ideal switch in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 is realized by an actual MOS.
- SW0 in FIG. 3 is replaced with MP0 in FIG. 4
- SW1 in FIG. 3 is replaced with SHT in FIG. 4
- SW2 in FIG. 3 is replaced with MN7 and MP1 in FIG.
- the transmission circuit outputs a high voltage pulse of positive voltage and negative voltage, but at the time of negative voltage output, SWIN becomes a negative voltage, the drain on the structure of MN0 becomes an electrical source, and MN0 is turned on shallowly. CS falls to a negative voltage. For this reason, the voltages of CS and CG fluctuate between a negative voltage and 0 V during transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to use a high breakdown voltage PMOS as MP0 for switching between transmission and reception operations. In addition, since it is protected by MP0, a circuit connected to the source side of MP0 can be configured using a low voltage MOS.
- MN8 is normally off because the gate-source is connected via R1.
- SWIN and CS are driven to a negative voltage, and the voltage between CG and CS increases at a certain slew rate or more, C1 follows this, turns on MN8, and CG -Short between CS.
- Vgs 0V, that is, the off state as a transmission / reception separation switch.
- FIG. 5 is a truth table relating to each mode state of the second embodiment of FIG.
- Tx / Rx is a transmission / reception switching signal
- BYP is a bypass signal of the gate step-down circuit
- VSSHT is a low-voltage NMOS gate control signal for short-circuiting the output to GND.
- MN0 and MN1 constituting the switch are short-circuited between the gate and the source by R0 in a steady state and transiently by SHT to be turned off.
- MN2 is turned on to suppress AC signal leakage to the output due to parasitic capacitance coupling at the time of transmission, thereby improving the isolation performance.
- the inverter INV1 When receiving, that is, when Tx / Rx and BYP are at high level and VSSHT is at low level, the inverter INV1 outputs a high level, which passes through the bypass switch of MN7 and MP1, and gives Vdd to the source of MP0. Turn on. Vdd is applied as the gate-source voltage Vgs of MN0 and MN1 constituting the switch, and deep Vgs is applied as a transmission / reception separation switch, and it is turned on with a low on-resistance. MN2 is turned off so that there is no loss of the received signal.
- the inverter INV1 outputs a high level Vdd, and MN7 and MP1 are off, so MN3, MN4 , MN5 and MN6, a potential stepped down from Vdd by the diode-connected low-voltage NMOS is applied to the source of MP0. This is transferred by MP0, and the potential lowered from the same Vdd is also applied to the CG node.
- the gate-source voltage Vgs of MN0 and MN1 constituting the switch is shallower than that at the time of reception, and MN0 and MN1 are turned on with high resistance. Since MN2 is on, the internal loopback signal input from SWIN is divided and attenuated by MN0, MN1, and MN2, and can be output to the subsequent low-voltage receiving circuit with a small amplitude.
- FIG. 6 shows a test form in a silicon wafer state of a beam former IC in an ultrasonic probe having a two-dimensional array transducer to which the present invention is applied or in an IC chip state after dicing.
- the pads 200 connected to the vibrator range from several thousand to 10,000 or more pads on the chip 100, and the number of pads is too large. It is difficult to test channel by channel. Therefore, the test is performed by looping back the signal from the transmission circuit to the reception circuit in the IC, and the test result can be monitored by the tester or the main unit by taking out the added output from the peripheral pad of the main unit interface. Good products can be screened.
- FIG. 7 shows an ultrasonic probe having a two-dimensional array transducer for three-dimensional imaging and a system configuration to which the present invention is applied.
- a transmission / reception circuit 702 is arranged for each transducer 701, and reception outputs are added by an addition circuit 703 and sent to an AFE (analog front end) 711 of the main body device 710.
- a grouping unit of transducer channels to be added is referred to as a subarray 707.
- the transmission / reception circuit 702, the adder circuit 703, the subarray control logic circuit 704, etc. are configured by one chip as shown in FIG.
- a vibrator connection pad 200 shown in FIG. 6 is connected to the vibrator 701.
- the processor 712 in the main unit 710 sends a control signal to the control logic circuit 705 of the IC in the ultrasonic probe, and the IC control logic circuit 705 controls transmission / reception switching and the like accordingly.
- transmission / reception switching related to the control of the transmission / reception separation switch can be controlled in a batch of subarrays to reduce the IC control logic circuit scale and the number of control signals in the IC.
- a sub-array control logic circuit can be arranged for each sub-array, and control can be hierarchized to control each transmission / reception circuit independently from the sub-array control logic circuit with fine granularity.
- the IC control logic circuit 705 has a waveform memory 706 for storing waveform data transmitted by the pulser Including.
- FIG. 8 shows the configuration details in the subarray 707.
- the transmission / reception circuit 702 per transducer is composed of a high-voltage MOS, generates a high voltage signal and drives the transducer 701, a transmission / reception separation switch 7022 according to the present invention, and a low-voltage reception analog front end 7023. Further, a micro delay circuit 7024 that delays the transmission signal to perform beam forming, and delays the reception signal to perform phasing is included. The received signals phased by the minute delay circuit 7024 are added by the adder circuit 703 and transmitted to the main unit 710. In the subarray, there are a plurality of sets of the transducer 701 and the transmission / reception circuit 702. One vibrator and a transmission / reception circuit connected thereto constitute one vibrator channel.
- the micro delay circuit 7024 is used for ultrasonic beam forming by focusing during transmission, and is also used for phasing addition during reception. Although the same circuit is used for both transmission and reception, it is necessary to operate the transmission circuit and reception circuit at the same time during the internal signal loopback test. Or receive operation must be assigned. In FIG. 8, the micro delay circuit 7024 performs a receiving operation during the internal signal loopback test. During normal transmission, the waveform signal S is input to the minute delay circuit, delayed by the minute delay circuit, and transmitted as the delayed waveform signal DS by the transmission circuit 7021.
- the transmission circuit The selector 7025 provided in the previous stage selects the loopback test waveform signal TS from the subarray control logic circuit 704 and inputs it to the transmission circuit 7021.
- the transmitted signal is input to the transmission / reception separation switch 7022 in the internal signal loopback test mode, attenuated to a small amplitude, and input to the reception AFE 7023.
- the signal is delayed by the minute delay circuit 7024, added with the signal of the other transducer channel, and output from the subarray 707. Since no signal is input to the transducer channel not to be tested in the sub-array, and no signal is input, an output from the transmitter / receiver circuit of the transducer channel to be tested can be obtained as an adder circuit output. Test is possible. That is, the transmission circuit 7021, the reception circuit 7023, and the minute delay circuit 7024 can be tested.
- C1 is a control signal for the transmission / reception separation switch 7022
- C2 is a control signal for the selector 7025.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is provided with a B mode for converting the intensity of the reflected signal into luminance and imaging, and a mode for expressing the Doppler signal in color, in order to measure high-speed blood flow.
- the transmission amplitude in the continuous wave (CW: Continuous Wave) Doppler mode is usually the smallest.
- the transmitter circuit transmits in the CW mode in order to secure the gate-source breakdown voltage of the transmission / reception separation switch and to protect the low-voltage reception AFE in the subsequent stage. Is advantageous.
- a determination unit 708 connected to the output of the addition circuit 703 is added to the subarray configuration of FIG.
- the adder circuit output is buffered and transmitted to the tester or the main unit, and whether the operation of the transmission / reception circuit of the transducer channel in the IC is normal or not may be determined by the tester or the main unit from the waveform.
- the test time can be shortened by collecting only the determination results from the IC.
- FIG. 10 explains the principle of the determiner 708.
- Transmitter transmits in CW mode, and sets threshold voltage VTH between high level and low level of loopback adder output output through send / receive separation switch, receive AFE, minute delay circuit, and adder circuit To do.
- the loopback adder circuit output and VTH are compared with an analog comparator, the analog comparator output is inverted across VTH each time the loopback adder circuit output toggles, so that the logic level signal of the same frequency as the internal loopback signal Is obtained. This may be counted by a counter, and the count number within a certain period, that is, the frequency may be compared with an expected value to determine whether the transmission / reception circuit is operating.
- FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the determiner 708. It comprises an analog comparator ACOMP that compares the output of the loopback addition circuit input to DECIN with a threshold value VTH, a counter that receives a signal from the analog comparator, and a digital comparator that compares the count value with an expected value. After the counter is reset by the RST signal, the counter operation is started and the strobe signal is controlled, so that the digital comparator holds the count value within a known fixed period and compares it with the expected value. If it matches the expected value, it is determined that the transmission / reception circuit is operating, and a test OK flag is output to DECOUT. If the count value does not match the expected value due to a defect in the transmission / reception circuit, the transmission / reception circuit regards it as defective and outputs a test NG flag to DECOUT.
- ACOMP Analog comparator
- FIG. 12 explains the principle of the improved determination device for determining the signal amplitude and the signal frequency.
- the signal amplitude is also determined using two types of threshold values, VTHH and VTHL.
- a potential higher than VTHH is expected as the high level of the loopback adder circuit output, and a potential lower than VTHL is expected as the low level.
- the loopback adder output is as shown in FIG.
- the frequency of the output pulses of the two analog comparators is expected to match the frequency of the original loopback adder output signal. For example, when the loopback adder circuit output does not reach VTHH due to a defect in the transmission / reception circuit, the analog comparator 0 output does not toggle and becomes DC, so that it can be determined that a predetermined signal amplitude is not output.
- FIG. 13 shows the configuration of the determiner operating on the principle of FIG. Threshold voltages VTHH and VTHL are prepared, and analog comparators ACOMP0 and ACOMP1 that receive the threshold voltages are prepared.
- the outputs of the two analog comparators are counted by the counter 0 and the counter 1, respectively, and compared with expected values by the digital comparator 0 and the digital comparator 1.
- the transmission / reception circuit it is expected that the number of times that the loopback addition output input to DECIN crosses VTHL and the number of times VTHL cross within a certain period is the same.
- the values of counter 0 and counter 1 are compared.
- a logical product of the outputs of the digital comparator 0 and the digital comparator 1 is taken, and only when the number of times that the loopback addition output signal crosses VTHH and VTHL is equal to the expected value, the transmission / reception circuit is normal. It is determined that the frequency and amplitude are as expected.
- the operation during the internal signal loopback test of the minute delay circuit is assigned to the reception operation, but can also be assigned to the transmission operation.
- FIG. 15 is an example in which the operation at the time of the internal signal loopback test of the minute delay circuit is assigned to the transmission operation.
- the selector 1501 inputs the waveform signal S to the micro delay circuit 7024 during normal transmission, and selects and inputs the loopback test waveform signal TS during the loopback test.
- the selector 1502 inputs a received signal to the minute delay circuit 7024 during normal reception, and passes the minute delay circuit and inputs it to the adder circuit 703 during a loopback test.
- the switch is turned off at the time of transmission, the receiving circuit is separated from the high-voltage drive signal generated by the transmission circuit to prevent electrical destruction, and the switch is turned on at the time of reception.
- a transmission / reception separation switch circuit that passes a weak received signal with low loss, it receives a large-amplitude internal loopback signal from the transmission circuit, attenuates the signal while securing a withstand voltage in the transmission / reception separation switch, and outputs it.
- An internal signal loopback test method that does not destroy the low-voltage receiving circuit can be realized.
- the present embodiment is effective as a technique for screening defects of IC transmission / reception circuits at low cost without making electrical contact with many terminals connected to the vibrator.
- the test can be performed on a chip basis at the stage where a chip on which a transmission / reception circuit, an addition circuit, etc. are mounted is manufactured.
- the vibrator may not be connected yet.
- the test waveform may be supplied from a test waveform generation circuit outside the chip, and the determination may be performed by a determination circuit outside the chip.
- a part or all of the test waveform generation circuit and the determination circuit can be built in the chip in advance.
- a pre-shipment test may be performed at the stage where the chip is connected to the vibrator and assembled as an ultrasonic probe.
- an ultrasonic probe may be attached to the main body of the diagnostic apparatus, and after the product is shipped, the user may perform a test periodically during use. For example, it can be performed in a test mode that is periodically performed by a serviceman or in a test mode that is automatically activated when the apparatus is turned on.
- part or all of the test waveform generation circuit and the determination circuit can be built in the ultrasonic probe or the diagnostic apparatus body, or can be configured as a test device carried by a service person. In this way, it is possible to diagnose not only initial failures but also failures that occur over time.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
- source and drain of the transistor may be switched when a transistor with a different polarity is used or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification, the terms “source” and “drain” can be used interchangeably.
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Abstract
Description
送信時、すなわちTx/Rxがローレベル、BYPとVSSHTがハイレベルのとき、インバータINV1はローレベルを出力し、これがMN7、MP1のバイパススイッチを通過してMP0のソースに0Vを与え、MP0はオフとなる。スイッチを構成するMN0およびMN1は定常的にはR0により、過渡的にはSHTにより、ゲート-ソース間をショートされてオフ状態となる。MN2はオンして送信時の寄生容量結合による出力へのAC信号漏れを抑え、アイソレーション性能を向上する。
MP* PMOS
C* キャパシタ
R* 抵抗
INV* 論理インバータ
Vdd 電源
SWIN スイッチ入力
SWOUT スイッチ出力
D* ダイオード
AFE アナログフロントエンド
IC Integrated Circuit 集積回路
CW Continuous Wave 連続波
Claims (15)
- 振動子と、前記振動子に接続される送信回路と、前記振動子に接続される受信回路と、前記振動子と前記受信回路の間に配置される送受分離スイッチを備え、
前記送受分離スイッチは2つのトランジスタ素子を備え、
前記2つのトランジスタ素子のゲート、ソースが互いに接続され、
前記2つのトランジスタの共通ゲート、共通ソース間の電圧Vgsを浅くするためのゲート電位降圧回路を備え、
前記送信回路にテスト信号を入力し、前記送信回路から前記受信回路へ前記テスト信号をループバックさせる際には、前記トランジスタ素子のゲート電位を降圧することで、前記トランジスタ素子のゲート-ソース間耐圧に違反しない前記共通ゲート、共通ソース間の電圧Vgsを保ちつつ、前記テスト信号を通過させることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項1において、
前記ゲート電位降圧回路は、少なくとも2つの抵抗素子を備え、
電源電圧と前記2つの抵抗素子の分圧比により、前記共通ゲート-共通ソース間の電圧Vgsが設定されることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項1において、
前記ゲート電位降圧回路は、1つまたは直列接続された複数のダイオード素子と、該ダイオードに流す電流を得るための抵抗または電流源を備え、
電源電圧と前記ダイオードの順方向電圧により、前記共通ゲート-共通ソース間電圧Vgsが設定されることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項1において、
前記ゲート電位降圧回路は、1つまたは複数の、ドレイン-ゲート間を接続したダイオード接続トランジスタと、前記ダイオード接続トランジスタに流す電流を得るための抵抗または電流源を備え、
電源電圧と前記ダイオード接続トランジスタのゲート-ソース間電圧により、前記共通ゲート-共通ソース間電圧Vgsが設定されることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項1において、
前記送受分離スイッチのスイッチ出力に出力側トランジスタが接続され、
前記出力側トランジスタの接続先は0VのGND、またはスイッチオン状態で入力に印加される信号の中心電圧に相当する電源であり、
前記スイッチ出力を、前記GND、または中心電圧に相当する電源に対して前記出力側トランジスタを介して短絡することで、前記送受分離スイッチのオン抵抗と前記出力側トランジスタのオン抵抗で、前記送受分離スイッチの入力信号の電圧を分圧し、信号振幅を減衰することを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項5において、
前記出力側トランジスタは、
前記超音波探触子の受信時にはオフ状態で、前記送受分離スイッチのスイッチ入力信号を減衰させることなく通過させ、
前記超音波探触子の送信時にはオン状態で、前記スイッチ出力を低インピーダンスで前記GND、または中心電圧に相当する電源に接続して、前記送受分離スイッチのスイッチ出力信号の電圧変動を抑制し、
前記テスト信号をループバックさせる際にはオン状態となり、前記送受分離スイッチのオン抵抗と前記出力側トランジスタのオン抵抗で、前記スイッチの入力信号の電圧を分圧する、
というモードに応じた3つ以上の機能を奏するように設定可能であることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - 請求項1において、
前記2つのトランジスタ素子の共通ゲートの電位として3段階以上の電位を与え、
前記超音波探触子の受信時には前記ゲート-ソース間電圧Vgsを第1の電圧として低オン抵抗でオンさせ、
前記超音波探触子の送信時には前記ゲート-ソース間電圧Vgsを第2の電圧としてスイッチオフ状態とし、
前記テスト信号をループバックさせる際には、前記第1の電圧と第2の電圧の間のゲート-ソース間電圧Vgsを与え、前記低オン抵抗より高い高オン抵抗でオンした状態となり、
モードに応じた3段階以上の複数の状態を取ることを特徴とする超音波探触子。 - サブアレイと、該サブアレイからの出力を加算する加算回路と、該加算回路からの出力を処理する本体装置を備える超音波診断装置であって、
前記サブアレイは、複数の振動子チャネルを含み、
前記振動子チャネルの其々は、
振動子と、前記振動子に接続される送信回路と、前記振動子に接続される受信回路と、送受分離スイッチを備え、
前記送受分離スイッチはスイッチング素子としてトランジスタ素子を備え、
前記トランジスタのゲート-ソース間電圧Vgsを制御するための電位制御回路を有し、
前記振動子に前記送信回路からの信号を入力する送信時に、前記送受分離スイッチをオフ状態とする送信モードと、
前記振動子から前記受信回路に信号を入力する受信時に、前記送受分離スイッチをオン状態とする受信モードと、
前記電位制御回路により、前記トランジスタのゲート-ソース間電圧Vgsを、前記送信モード時と前記受信モード時とは異なる電位に設定するテストモードを備える、
超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記テストモード時には、前記送信回路により、送信電圧をBモードよりも下げた連続波ドプラモードの送信を行うことを特徴とする超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記テストモード時には、前記送信回路、前記送受分離スイッチ、前記受信回路を通過したテスト信号を、前記本体装置に伝送し、
前記本体装置で伝送された信号を期待パタンと比較する超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記サブアレイを複数含んでなる超音波探触子を備え、
前記テストモード時には、前記送信回路、前記送受分離スイッチ、前記受信回路を通過したテスト信号を、前記超音波探触子内で期待パタンと比較する超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記テストモード時に、前記送信回路、前記送受分離スイッチ、前記受信回路を通過したテスト信号を期待パタンと比較判定する判定器を備え、
前記判定器は、
前記通過したテスト信号の電圧信号の周波数を期待値と比較する超音波診断装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記テストモード時に、前記送信回路、前記送受分離スイッチ、前記受信回路を通過したテスト信号を期待パタンと比較判定する判定器を備え、
前記判定器は、
前記通過したテスト信号の電圧を所定の参照電位と比較するアナログ比較器2個以上から構成され、
それぞれのアナログ比較器に入力される参照電位は異なり、
所定の時間内に前記電圧が前記の2つの参照電位のうち高い参照電位を横切ってトグルした回数、すなわち高い閾値でスライスした場合の信号の周波数、
および、
所定の時間内に前記電圧が前記の2つの参照電位のうち低い参照電位を横切ってトグルした回数、すなわち低い閾値でスライスした場合の信号周波数、
の両方を期待値と比較することにより、高い参照電位以上の電圧レベルおよび低い参照電位以下の電圧レベルに前記電圧が到達し、参照電位の差以上の振幅をもって前記テスト信号が所定の周波数でトグルしていることを判定する超音波診断装置。 - 振動子と、前記振動子に接続される送信回路と、前記振動子に接続される受信回路と、前記振動子と前記受信回路の間に配置される送受分離スイッチを備える超音波探触子のテスト方法であって、
前記送受分離スイッチは2つのトランジスタ素子を備え、前記2つのトランジスタ素子のゲート、ソースを互いに接続した構成であり、
前記振動子を前記送信回路で駆動する送信時に、前記送受分離スイッチをオフ状態とする送信モードと、
前記振動子からの信号を前記受信回路に入力する受信時に、前記送受分離スイッチをオン状態とする受信モードと、
前記2つのトランジスタの共通ゲート、共通ソース間の電圧Vgsを、前記送信モード時と前記受信モード時の中間に設定するテストモードを備える、
超音波探触子のテスト方法。 - 前記2つのトランジスタの共通ゲート、共通ソース間にかかる電圧を分圧あるいは電圧降下させることにより、前記電圧Vgsを変更し、前記3つのモードを遷移させる、請求項14記載の超音波探触子のテスト方法。
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