WO2016143399A1 - バッテリ、システム、バッテリ管理方法、バッテリ管理プログラムおよび記録媒体 - Google Patents
バッテリ、システム、バッテリ管理方法、バッテリ管理プログラムおよび記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016143399A1 WO2016143399A1 PCT/JP2016/052143 JP2016052143W WO2016143399A1 WO 2016143399 A1 WO2016143399 A1 WO 2016143399A1 JP 2016052143 W JP2016052143 W JP 2016052143W WO 2016143399 A1 WO2016143399 A1 WO 2016143399A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
- B60L3/0015—Prevention of collisions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0052—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to impact
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/44—Testing lamps
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
- B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
- B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery, a system, a battery management method, a battery management program, and a recording medium, for example, a battery carried alone.
- a battery (so-called secondary battery) is used as a power supply source of an electric vehicle.
- Examples of the battery include battery packs described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- the system lends a battery to a user of the system, and when the used battery is returned from the user, the system replaces (swaps) the returned battery with another charged battery. Therefore, the system is called a battery swap system.
- JP 2013-193738 A published September 30, 2013
- JP2013-223423A released on October 28, 2013
- the battery swap system a single battery removed from an electric vehicle is carried by a user of the system. At this time, the user may damage the inside of the battery, for example, by dropping the battery by mistake. Since a battery having a high degree of damage may be defective, it is desirable that the lending of such a battery be stopped. However, after the battery is returned, it is difficult to know the fact that the battery has dropped. Accordingly, there is a case where it is not known whether the battery is damaged while the battery is rented, and there is a problem that it cannot be properly managed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately manage a battery carried alone.
- a battery according to a first aspect of the present invention is a battery that is carried alone in a system that can lend a plurality of batteries, and includes a physical load information acquisition unit.
- the physical load information acquisition unit acquires physical load information for the battery.
- the physical load applied to the carried battery can be acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit.
- the physical load information acquisition unit it is possible to know what physical load is applied to the battery while the battery is rented, so that it is possible to determine the degree of damage and the state of use, and to manage the battery appropriately.
- a battery according to a second aspect is the battery according to the first aspect, wherein the physical load information acquisition unit is an acceleration sensor that detects battery acceleration information, a vibration sensor that acquires battery vibration information, and battery distortion.
- a strain sensor that detects information, an impact sensor that acquires impact information on the battery, and a pressure sensor that acquires pressure information on the battery.
- At least one of a tilt sensor that acquires battery tilt information, a position sensor that acquires battery position information, and a speed sensor that detects battery speed information is included.
- the physical load information acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor
- battery acceleration information is acquired. For this reason, it is possible to determine what kind of acceleration is applied to the battery based on the acquired acceleration information, and thus it is possible to determine the degree of damage and the use state of the battery.
- the acceleration sensor for example, it is possible to detect information such as from which direction it has fallen.
- the physical load information acquisition unit includes a vibration sensor, it is possible to determine what kind of vibration is applied to the battery, and thus it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage state of the battery.
- the physical load information acquisition unit has a strain sensor, it is possible to determine what kind of impact or vibration is applied to the battery, so that it is possible to determine the degree of damage or usage state of the battery.
- a strain gauge can be used as the strain sensor. By disposing strain gauges on a plurality of surfaces of the battery, it is possible to acquire information such as which surface has been subjected to impact and from which surface it has fallen.
- a strain sensor By disposing strain gauges on a plurality of surfaces of the battery, it is possible to acquire information such as which surface has been subjected to impact and from which surface it has fallen.
- it is possible to determine whether or not the impact has reached the inside by providing a strain sensor in both the cell storage case and the case. The damage degree can be judged.
- the physical load information acquisition unit When the physical load information acquisition unit has an impact sensor, the impact information loaded on the battery is acquired. Therefore, based on the acquired impact information, the damage degree and use state of the battery can be determined. Further, when the physical load information acquisition unit includes a pressure sensor, it is possible to determine what pressure is applied to the battery, and thus it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage state of the battery. By arranging pressure sensors on a plurality of surfaces of the battery, for example, it is possible to acquire information such as which surface has been impacted and from which surface it has fallen.
- the physical load information acquisition unit has an inclination sensor, it is possible to detect the inclination of the battery that is being lent and to acquire information related to the arrangement orientation of the battery. Further, when the physical load information acquisition unit has a position sensor, it is possible to acquire battery position information. From this position information, speed information and acceleration information can be estimated. Further, when the physical load information acquisition unit has a speed sensor, it is possible to acquire the moving speed of the battery and the like. From this moving speed, acceleration information can be estimated.
- a battery according to a third aspect is the battery according to the first aspect, further comprising a storage unit for storing physical load information acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit. Thereby, the physical load information applied to the battery while the battery is lent can be recorded. For this reason, when the battery is returned to the battery management device, it is possible to determine the degree of damage and the use state of the battery using the physical load information stored in the battery.
- a battery according to a fourth aspect is the battery according to the first aspect, further comprising a communication unit that transmits the physical load information acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit to an information processing apparatus that analyzes the physical load information. I have. By providing the communication unit in this manner, physical load information applied to the battery while the battery is being lent can be transmitted to the information processing device in real time, and the degree of damage and usage state of the battery can be determined. it can.
- a battery according to a fifth invention is the battery according to the fourth invention, and the information processing apparatus is a virtual server in cloud computing.
- the information processing apparatus is provided as a virtual server on cloud computing, and the communication unit may transmit to the cloud computing system. The user can obtain the analysis result by accessing the cloud computing system.
- a system includes the battery according to any one of the first to fifth aspects and an information processing apparatus.
- the information processing apparatus includes an output information acquisition unit and a physical load information analysis unit.
- the output information acquisition unit acquires information from the battery physical information acquisition unit.
- the physical load information analysis unit analyzes the physical load on the battery using information from the output information acquisition unit. According to this configuration, it is possible to determine what physical load has been applied to the battery while the battery is lent, so it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage status, and to manage the battery appropriately in the battery swap system. I can do it.
- a system according to a seventh aspect is the system according to the sixth aspect, wherein the physical load information analysis unit includes a damage calculation unit that calculates the damage degree of the battery using the information acquired by the output information acquisition unit. Also have. Thereby, the damage degree of the battery can be calculated, and based on the damage degree, the battery can be inspected, repaired, or discarded.
- a system according to an eighth invention is the system according to the seventh invention, wherein the physical load information analysis unit determines whether or not the battery can be used based on the degree of damage calculated by the damage calculation unit. It further has a determination part. Thereby, the use of a battery can be automatically determined based on the degree of damage.
- a system according to a ninth aspect is the system according to the sixth aspect, wherein the physical load information analyzing unit uses the information acquired by the output information acquiring unit to determine the usage state of the battery. Have This allows you to analyze the battery usage status while renting out the battery. That is, it can be determined that the battery handling of the lender is violent, and the corresponding lender can be alerted.
- a battery management method is a battery management method for managing a battery when a plurality of batteries carried alone can be rented, comprising: a physical load information acquisition step; and a physical load information analysis step.
- the physical load information acquisition step acquires physical load information for the battery.
- the physical load information analyzing step the physical load on the battery is analyzed using the physical load information acquired in the physical load information acquiring step.
- a battery management method is the battery management method according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, wherein the physical load information analysis step includes a damage calculation step and a usability determination step.
- the damage calculation step the damage degree of the battery is calculated using the physical load information.
- the usability determination step determines whether or not the battery can be used based on the degree of damage calculated by the damage calculation step. Thereby, the damage degree of the battery can be calculated, and based on the damage degree, the battery can be inspected, repaired, or discarded. Further, the use of the battery can be automatically determined based on the degree of damage.
- a battery management method is the battery management method according to the tenth invention, wherein the physical load information analysis step uses the physical load information acquired in the physical load information acquisition step, and uses the battery.
- a use state determining step for determining allows you to analyze the battery usage status while renting out the battery. That is, it can be determined that the battery handling of the lender is violent, and the corresponding lender can be alerted.
- a battery management program is a battery management program for managing the battery when a plurality of batteries carried by itself can be lent out, a physical load information acquisition step, a physical load information analysis step, It has.
- the physical load information acquisition step acquires physical load information for the battery.
- the physical load information analyzing step analyzes the physical load on the battery using the physical load information. As a result, it is possible to know what physical load has been applied to the battery while the battery is being lent, so it is possible to determine the degree of damage and the state of use, and to manage the battery appropriately in the battery swap system.
- one usage form of the program may be an aspect in which the program is transmitted through a transmission medium such as the Internet or a transmission medium such as light, radio wave, or sound wave, read by a computer, and operated in cooperation with the computer.
- the program may be provided in the server of the cloud computing system.
- a recording medium according to a fourteenth invention is a recording medium recording the battery management program according to the thirteenth invention, and can be processed by a computer. As described above, the program may be recorded on a recording medium such as a ROM. (The invention's effect) According to the present invention, it is possible to appropriately manage a battery carried alone.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the battery swap system which concerns on one Embodiment (Embodiment 1). It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement
- (A) (b) shows the example of the damage factor of the battery with which the battery swap system concerning one embodiment was provided.
- (A) (b) shows the other example of the damage factor of the battery with which the battery swap system which concerns on one Embodiment was provided.
- (A) (b) shows the further another example of the damage factor of the battery with which the battery swap system which concerns on one Embodiment was provided.
- It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the usability determination process performed by the control part with which the battery swap system which concerns on one Embodiment (Embodiment 1) was equipped. It is a figure which shows an example of the estimation result of the temperature in a cell by the temperature load damage calculation part with which the battery swap system which concerns on one Embodiment was provided.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery swap system 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as system 1) according to the first embodiment.
- the system 1 includes a battery 10 and a battery management device 20. Although only one battery 10 is shown in FIG. 1, the system 1 actually includes a plurality of batteries 10.
- the system 1 lends a plurality of batteries 10 to the user of the system 1.
- the plurality of batteries 10 are lent to a user of the system 1 and then mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle to be used as a power supply source for the vehicle. Thereafter, the battery 10 is returned to the station of the system 1. The returned battery 10 is recharged to the user of the system 1 after being charged at the station.
- the system 1 further includes a power storage unit information acquisition unit that acquires information of the cell 12 (power storage unit) using various sensors (for example, a current sensor, a power sensor, a voltage sensor, and a temperature sensor). It may be. Moreover, you may further provide the use load information acquisition part which acquires the information regarding power use load using various sensors (for example, a current sensor, a power sensor, a voltage sensor).
- the battery 10 includes a damage factor information acquisition unit 11, a cell 12, an information output unit 13, an information storage unit 14, a storage unit 15, a cell storage case 18, and a CPU 16.
- a damage factor information acquisition unit 11 As shown in FIG. 1, the battery 10 includes a damage factor information acquisition unit 11, a cell 12, an information output unit 13, an information storage unit 14, a storage unit 15, a cell storage case 18, and a CPU 16.
- Each part of the battery 10 (specifically, excluding the external environment information acquisition unit 11b of the damage factor information acquisition unit 11) is accommodated in a case 17 (see FIG. 2).
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the battery 10 and is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of various sensors described later.
- a plurality of cells 12 are arranged in the case 17 in close proximity to each other. These cells 12 are surrounded by a cell storage case 18 disposed inside the case 17.
- the CPU 16 is disposed inside the case 17 and outside the cell storage case 18.
- nine cells 12 are arranged, and three cells 12 are arranged side by side on a straight line.
- the CPU 16 is disposed on the electronic substrate 16 a, and the electronic substrate 16 a is surrounded by an electronic substrate storage case 19.
- the cell storage case 18 and the electronic substrate storage case 19 have functions of protecting and waterproofing the stored components.
- the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 acquires damage factor information that is information related to the damage factor of the battery 10. Damage factors include physical load, electronic load, and heat load as well as moisture. Examples of damage factors will be described later.
- the damage factor information acquired by the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 is output to the information storage unit 14.
- the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 includes an internal environment information acquisition unit 11a, an external environment information acquisition unit 11b, and a physical load information acquisition unit 11c.
- 2A to 2D show arrangement examples of the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 (the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a, the external environment information acquisition unit 11b, and the physical load information acquisition unit 11c) in the case 17 of the battery 10.
- the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a acquires information on the internal environment, which is the environment in the case 17 of the battery 10, as damage factor information. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a includes an in-case temperature sensor 30, an out-cell temperature sensor 31, a submergence sensor 32, and an electromagnetic wave sensor 33.
- the in-case temperature sensor 30 detects the temperature in the case 17, the out-cell temperature sensor 31 detects the temperature outside the cell 12, and the submergence sensor 32 detects information indicating whether or not the battery 10 is submerged.
- the internal environment information acquired by the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a includes detection values (detection results) obtained by the in-case temperature sensor 30, the outside-cell temperature sensor 31, the submergence sensor 32, and the electromagnetic wave sensor 33.
- the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a may not include all of the plurality of types of sensors described above, and may include any one type of sensor.
- the in-case temperature sensors 30 included in the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a are arranged at the four corners inside the case 17 having a rectangular shape, and the outside-cell temperature sensors 31 are located in the vicinity of each cell 12. Respectively. Further, a plurality of outside-cell temperature sensors 31 are arranged inside the cell storage case 18 surrounding the plurality of cells 12.
- the submergence sensor 32 for example, a moisture detection sensor that reads a change in resistance value when water adheres can be used. Further, as the submergence sensor 32, submergence may be detected by detecting the color of the submergence detection seal using an image sensor.
- the submergence sensor 32 is disposed with the cell 12 inside the cell storage case 18. The submergence sensor 32 may be arranged inside the case 17 and outside the cell storage case 18 as shown in FIG. 2A. Further, the submergence sensor 32 may be disposed inside the electronic substrate storage case 19. Thereby, it can be judged to which position water has entered.
- the electromagnetic wave sensor 33 can detect an electromagnetic wave, for example, that a device that generates an electromagnetic wave is brought close to the battery 10. As shown in FIG. 2A, the electromagnetic wave sensor 33 may be arranged inside the case 17 and in the vicinity of the CPU 16. By arranging the electromagnetic wave sensor 33 in the vicinity of the CPU 16, the influence on the CPU 16 can be detected.
- the internal environment information acquisition unit 11 a includes at least one of a humidity sensor 34, an image sensor 35, a gas sensor 36, a sound wave sensor 37, a magnetic sensor 38, and a radio wave sensor 39. It may be.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of these sensors.
- the humidity sensor 34 may be arranged inside the cell storage case 18 or outside the cell storage case 18 and inside the case 17.
- the humidity sensor 34 detects the humidity inside the case 17.
- the humidity sensor 34 may be housed inside the cell storage case 18.
- the humidity sensor 34 can also detect water wetting.
- the image sensor 35 may be disposed on the inner surface of the case 17.
- the image sensor 35 can detect entry of foreign matter such as dust.
- the gas sensor 36 may be arranged inside the case 17 and inside or outside the cell storage case 18.
- the gas sensor 36 can detect the intrusion of gas into the case 17 and can detect the environment in which the battery 10 is disposed during lending.
- the sonic sensor 37 may be disposed inside the case 17 as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the magnetic sensor 38 and the radio wave sensor 39 may be disposed inside the case 17 and in the vicinity of the CPU 16. By disposing the magnetic sensor 38 and the radio wave sensor 39 in the vicinity of the CPU 16, the influence on the CPU 16 can be detected.
- the internal environment information acquired by the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a includes a humidity sensor 34, an image sensor 35, a gas sensor 36, and a sound wave.
- a humidity sensor 34 an image sensor 35
- a gas sensor 36 a gas sensor 36
- a sound wave a sound wave.
- Each detection value (detection result) by the sensor 37, the magnetic sensor 38, and the radio wave sensor 39 is included.
- the vibration sensor 51 of the physical load information acquisition unit 11c described later may be included in the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a. Further, the position and number of each sensor described in FIG. 1, FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are not limited.
- the external environment information acquisition unit 11b acquires information on an external environment that is an environment outside the case 17 of the battery 10 as damage factor information. As shown in FIG. 1, the external environment information acquisition unit 11 b includes a case outside temperature sensor 40 and a sunshine sensor 41. The external environment information includes detection values obtained by the case outside temperature sensor 40 and the sunshine sensor 41. The external environment information acquisition unit 11b may not include both of the two types of sensors described above, and may include only one of them.
- the case outside temperature sensor 40 and the sunshine sensor 41 of the external environment information acquisition unit 11b are arranged at the four corners outside the case 17 having a rectangular shape.
- the outside temperature sensor 40 can measure the temperature outside the case 17. Although details will be described later, the temperature of the cell 12 can be accurately detected based on the detection values of the in-case temperature sensor 30 and the outside-cell temperature sensor 31.
- the sunshine sensor 41 detects the time when the sun is shining on the battery 10 and can detect, for example, that the battery 10 is left in the sun by the user.
- the external environment information acquisition unit 11b includes at least one of the illuminance sensor 42, the image sensor 43, the gas sensor 44, the sound wave sensor 45, the magnetic sensor 46, the radio wave sensor 47, the submersion sensor 48, and the humidity sensor 49. You may have.
- the illuminance sensor 42 is disposed, for example, on the outer surface of the case 17, and can detect the brightness of the light irradiated on the battery 10.
- the image sensor 43 is disposed on the outer surface of the case 17, for example, and can detect an environment where the battery 10 is disposed as an image. According to the image sensor 43, for example, it can be detected that the object is placed in an environment where foreign matters such as dust are floating.
- the gas sensor 44 is disposed, for example, on the outer surface of the case 17, and can detect an environment in which the battery 10 is disposed during lending. As shown in FIG.
- the sound wave sensor 45 is disposed on the outer surface of the case 17, for example, and can detect sound waves.
- the magnetic sensor 46 and the radio wave sensor 47 may be disposed on the outer surface of the case 17 and in the vicinity of the CPU 16. By disposing the magnetic sensor 46 and the radio wave sensor 47 in the vicinity of the CPU 16, the influence on the CPU 16 can be detected.
- the submergence sensor 48 is provided outside the case 17 and, like the submergence sensor 32 described above, submergence may be detected using a moisture detection sensor, or the color of the submergence detection seal is detected by an image sensor. Thus, the submergence may be detected.
- the submergence sensor 48 can detect that the case 17 is wet.
- the humidity sensor 49 is provided outside the case 17 and detects the humidity outside the battery 10.
- FIG. 2C only one illuminance sensor 42, image sensor 43, gas sensor 44, sound wave sensor 45, magnetic sensor 46, radio wave sensor 47, submergence sensor 48, and humidity sensor 49 are arranged. It is preferable that a plurality of cases are arranged around the case 17 like the case outside temperature sensor 40 and the humidity sensor 49 in FIG. 2A.
- the sunshine sensor 42 it is preferable that the sunshine sensor 42 is provided on all surfaces so that it can be detected from any surface.
- the physical load information acquisition unit 11c acquires physical load information that is information on the physical load applied to the battery 10 as damage factor information. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the physical load information acquisition unit 11c includes an acceleration sensor 50, a vibration sensor 51, a strain sensor 52, and an impact sensor 53.
- the physical load information includes detection values obtained by the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51, the strain sensor 52, and the impact sensor 53.
- the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51, and the impact sensor 53 acquire different acceleration information (acceleration, vibration, impact).
- the physical load information acquisition unit 11 c only needs to include at least one sensor that acquires acceleration information of the battery 10.
- the physical load information acquisition unit 11c does not have to include all of the plurality of types of sensors described above, and may include any one type of sensor.
- the acceleration sensor 50 of the physical load information acquisition unit 11 c is arranged at one corner in the case 17 of the battery 10.
- the acceleration sensor 50 may be disposed anywhere inside or outside the battery 10 (such as the outside surface of the case 17).
- the acceleration information of the battery 10 is acquired. For this reason, it is possible to determine what kind of acceleration is applied to the battery 10 based on the acquired acceleration information, so that it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage state of the battery. Further, according to the acceleration sensor 50, for example, information such as from which direction the battery 10 has dropped can be detected.
- the vibration sensor 51 is disposed in the case 17. However, like the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51 may be disposed anywhere inside or outside the battery 10 (such as the outer surface of the case 17). . Since the vibration sensor 51 detects what kind of vibration (vibration information) is loaded on the battery 10, it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage state of the battery 10.
- the strain sensor 52 is provided on the inner wall of the case 17, and detects strain information of the case 17 due to a physical load applied to the case 17. Since the strain sensor 52 detects what kind of impact or the like is applied to the battery 10, it is possible to determine the degree of damage or usage state of the battery 10.
- a strain gauge can be used as the strain sensor 52.
- the strain sensor 52 may be arranged on all the surfaces of the case 17, and thereby information such as which surface a load is applied to (for example, which surface is subjected to an impact, from which surface). It is possible to detect information such as whether it has fallen.
- the strain sensor 52 may be provided on either the inner surface or the outer surface of the case 17.
- strain sensors 52 in both the cell storage case 18 and the case 17 surrounding the cell 12, it can be determined whether or not the impact has reached the inside, and the damage degree can be determined in more detail. Furthermore, when the strain sensor 52 is provided in the electronic substrate storage case 19 for storing the electronic substrate in the battery 10, it can be determined whether the impact has reached the electronic substrate 16a.
- the impact sensor 53 is arranged in the case 17. However, like the acceleration sensor 50, the impact sensor 53 may be arranged anywhere inside or outside the battery 10 (such as the outer surface of the case 17). . Since the impact sensor 53 detects an impact (impact information) loaded on the battery 10, it is possible to determine the degree of damage and usage state of the battery 10.
- the physical load information acquisition unit 11 c may include at least one of the pressure sensor 54, the tilt sensor 55, the position sensor 56, and the speed sensor 57.
- FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of the pressure sensor 54, the tilt sensor 55, the position sensor 56, and the speed sensor 57.
- the pressure sensor 54 is disposed outside the case 17 and can detect the pressure loaded on the battery 10. Thus, since what kind of pressure (pressure information) is loaded on the battery can be determined, the degree of damage and the use state of the battery 10 can be determined.
- the pressure sensor 54 is disposed only at one location, but by arranging the pressure sensors 54 on a plurality of surfaces of the battery 10, for example, which surface has been subjected to an impact, from which surface it has fallen, etc. Information can be acquired.
- An atmospheric pressure sensor may be used as an example of the pressure sensor 54.
- FIG. 2D by providing the atmospheric pressure sensor 541 in the cell storage case 18 of the case 17, it is possible to detect minute damage when the case 17, which is a sealed container, is damaged.
- the inclination sensor 55 is disposed inside the case 17 and detects the inclination (inclination information) of the battery 10 during lending. Thereby, the information regarding the arrangement
- the position sensor 56 is disposed inside the case 17 in FIG. 2D and detects the position (position information) of the battery 10 in the height direction. By detecting the position in the height direction in this way, the speed and acceleration can be calculated. As shown in FIG. 2D, the speed sensor 57 is disposed inside the case 17 and detects the speed (speed information) of the battery 10. Acceleration information can be calculated from the moving speed of the battery 10.
- 3A and 3B show examples of damage factors that damage the battery 10 by changing the internal environment of the battery 10.
- FIG. 3A the electromagnetic wave (electronic load) applied to the battery 10 is a damage factor
- FIG. 3B moisture (water wetting) that has entered the battery 10 is a damage factor.
- the CPU 16 of the battery 10 may malfunction and the inside of the battery 10 may be damaged.
- FIG. 3B when the battery 10 is submerged, moisture permeates into the battery 10, so that condensation easily occurs inside the battery 10. Water droplets generated by condensation cause the CPU 16 of the battery 10 to malfunction, causing damage to the battery 10.
- FIG. 4A and 4B show examples of damage factors that damage the battery 10 by changing the external environment of the battery 10.
- FIG. 4A the direct sunlight (heat load) applied to the battery 10 left outdoors is a damage factor.
- the temperature of the battery 10 rises.
- FIG. 4B high heat (heat load) applied to the battery 10 is a damage factor.
- the temperature of the battery 10 rises.
- the state where the battery 10 is at a high temperature lasts for a long time, the battery 10 may be damaged.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of physical loads as damage factors.
- the impact (physical load) applied to the battery 10 is a damage factor.
- FIG. 5A when the user of the system 1 drops the battery 10, a strong impact is applied to the battery 10 due to the collision between the battery 10 and the ground.
- FIG. 5B a strong impact (physical load) is indirectly applied to the battery 10 even when a vehicle on which the battery 10 is mounted collides with another vehicle.
- the inside of the battery 10 mainly, the structure portion and a support material that supports the structure, etc.
- the cell 12 is a secondary battery cell. As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, the battery 10 includes a plurality of cells 12. Each cell 12 is stored with electric power supplied from the outside of the battery 10 and can discharge the stored electric power. Switching between charging and discharging of the cell 12 is controlled by the CPU 16.
- the information storage unit 14 stores the damage factor information input from the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 in the storage unit 15.
- the information storage unit 14 outputs the damage factor information stored in the storage unit 15 to the information output unit 13.
- the information output unit 13 outputs the damage factor information input from the information storage unit 14 to the output information acquisition unit 211 of the battery management device 20 as output information.
- the storage unit 15 stores the damage factor information by the information storage unit 14.
- the damage factor information includes internal environment information acquired by the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a, external environment information acquired by the external environment information acquisition unit 11b, and physical load information acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit 11c.
- the battery management device 20 includes a control unit 21 (information processing device) and a display unit 22.
- the control unit 21 includes an output information acquisition unit 211, a damage calculation unit 212, and a usability determination unit 213.
- Each unit of the control unit 21 calculates the degree of damage of the battery 10 using output information (that is, damage factor information) output from the battery 10 and determines whether or not the use of the battery 10 can be continued.
- the usability determination process is executed.
- the control unit 21 displays the determination result in the usability determination process on the display unit 22.
- the control unit 21 may present the determination result in the usability determination process to the user by means other than display. The details of the usability determination process will be described later.
- the damage calculation unit 212 and the usability determination unit 213 correspond to an example of a physical load information analysis unit.
- the output information acquisition unit 211 acquires output information from the information output unit 13 of the battery 10.
- the output information acquired by the output information acquisition unit 211 is damage factor information acquired by the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 of the battery 10, and includes internal environment information, external environment information, and physical load information.
- the output information acquisition unit 211 outputs the acquired output information to the damage calculation unit 212.
- the damage calculation unit 212 uses the output information input from the output information acquisition unit 211, and uses four types of damage degrees (physical load damage degree, temperature load damage degree, electronic load damage degree, and water wetting damage degree) described below. ) Is calculated. Then, information regarding the calculated damage degree is output to the usability determination unit 213. As shown in FIG. 1, the damage calculation unit 212 includes a water wetting damage calculation unit 212a, an electronic load damage calculation unit 212b, a temperature load damage calculation unit 212c, and a physical load damage calculation unit 212d. In one modification, the damage calculation unit 212 may calculate a frequency other than the damage level as long as the frequency indicates the usage state of the battery 10.
- the water wetting damage calculation unit 212a calculates a water wetting damage degree that is a degree of damage of the battery 10 due to water wetting (see FIG. 3B). Therefore, the water wetting damage calculation unit 212a extracts internal environment information from the output information. As described above, the internal environment information includes detection values by the case temperature sensor 30, the outside-cell temperature sensor 31, the submergence sensor 32, and the electromagnetic wave sensor 33. The water wetting damage calculation unit 212 a calculates the water wetting damage degree of the battery 10 using the detection value obtained by the submergence sensor 32. Alternatively, when the internal environment information acquisition unit 11 a includes the humidity sensor 34, the water wetting damage calculation unit 212 a can also calculate the water wetting damage degree of the battery 10 using the detection value of the humidity sensor 34.
- the wetness damage degree may correspond to the frequency of malfunction of the CPU 16 of the battery 10.
- the correlation (formula model) between the detection value of the submergence sensor 32 and the frequency of malfunction of the CPU 16 of the battery 10 is learned in advance by experiments.
- the electronic load damage calculation unit 212b calculates an electronic load damage degree that is a damage degree of the battery 10 due to the electronic load (see FIG. 3A).
- the electronic load includes radio waves, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves applied to the battery 10.
- the electronic load damage calculation unit 212b extracts internal environment information from the output information.
- the electronic load damage calculation unit 212b calculates the electronic load damage degree using the detection value obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor 33 of the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a. Alternatively, when the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a includes the magnetic sensor 38 and the radio wave sensor 39, the electronic load damage calculation unit 212b uses the detection value of the magnetic sensor 38, the detection value of the radio wave sensor 39, or a combination thereof.
- the electronic load damage degree of the battery 10 can also be calculated.
- the temperature load damage calculation unit 212c extracts external environment information and internal environment information from the output information.
- the temperature load damage calculation unit 212c detects the ambient temperature of the cell 12 (i.e., the detected values of the internal temperature information sensor 30 and the external temperature sensor 31 of the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a, and the external environment information acquisition unit 11b).
- the in-cell temperature is estimated from the detection value of the case outside temperature sensor 40). Details of a specific method for estimating the temperature in the cell will be described later.
- the physical load damage calculation unit 212d calculates the damage degree (physical load damage degree) of the battery 10 (mainly the structure part) due to the physical load (see FIGS. 5A and 5B). For this purpose, the physical load damage calculation unit 212d extracts physical load information from the output information. The physical load damage calculation unit 212d calculates the physical load damage degree using the detection values obtained by the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51, the strain sensor 52, and the impact sensor 53 of the physical load information acquisition unit 11c.
- the physical load damage degree may correspond to the amount of peeling / breaking of the structural portion of the battery 10 and the support material.
- a correlation between each detection value by the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51, the strain sensor 52, and the impact sensor 53 and the amount of peeling / breakage of the structural portion of the battery 10 and the support material is learned in advance by experiments.
- the usability determination unit 213 In the usability determination unit 213, the four types of damage levels (water wetting damage level, electronic load damage level, temperature load damage level, physical load damage level) calculated by each unit of the damage calculation unit 212 exceed the threshold value, respectively. It is determined whether or not. When at least one kind of damage exceeds the threshold value, the usability determination unit 213 determines that the use of the battery 10 cannot be continued. On the other hand, when the four types of damage levels are all equal to or less than the threshold value, the usability determination unit 213 determines that the use of the battery 10 can be continued. Note that the threshold value may be different for each type of damage degree.
- the threshold value may be determined using experimental data indicating a correlation between the degree of damage and a damage factor (electronic load, water wetting, electronic load, physical load). Details of a specific threshold determination method will be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of the usability determination process. However, S10 and S20 shown in FIG. 6 are executed in the battery 10 as a pre-stage of the usability determination process by the control unit 21.
- the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 acquires the damage factor information, and the information storage unit 14 stores the damage factor information in the storage unit 15 (S10).
- the information output unit 13 outputs the damage factor information as output information (S20).
- the output information acquisition unit 211 acquires the output information output from the information output unit 13, that is, damage factor information (S30, physical load information acquisition step).
- Each unit of the damage calculation unit 212 calculates the degree of damage of the battery 10 using the output information (damage factor information) acquired from the output information acquisition unit 211 (S40, physical load information analysis step, damage calculation step).
- the usability determination unit 213 determines whether or not the degree of damage of the battery 10 calculated by the damage calculation unit 212 is equal to or less than a threshold (S50, physical load information analysis step, usability determination step). More specifically, the usability determination unit 213 determines whether each of the four types of damage calculated by the damage calculation unit 212 is equal to or less than a threshold value.
- the usability determination unit 213 determines whether “use of battery 10 cannot be continued”. Is displayed on the display unit 22 (S60). On the other hand, when the degree of damage of the battery 10 is equal to or less than the threshold (YES in S50), the usability determination unit 213 displays on the display unit 22 that “use of the battery 10 can be continued” (S70). . Thus, the usability determination process ends.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the estimation result of the in-cell temperature by the temperature load damage calculation unit 212c.
- the case outside temperature is higher than the case inside temperature and the cell outside temperature
- the case outside temperature is lower than the case inside temperature and the cell outside temperature.
- the outside-cell temperature is assumed to be the same.
- the case outside temperature is detected by the case outside temperature sensor 40
- the case inside temperature is detected by the case inside temperature sensor 30, and the cell outside temperature is detected by the cell outside temperature sensor 31.
- the case outside temperature corresponds to the outside air temperature
- the outside air temperature is considered to be higher than the cell inside temperature.
- the temperature inside the cell is less affected by the outside air temperature than the outside temperature of the cell. Therefore, when the case outside temperature is higher than the case inside temperature and the cell outside temperature (in FIG. 7, when the outside air temperature is high), the cell inside temperature is considered to be lower than the cell outside temperature. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the temperature load damage calculation unit 212c estimates a temperature inside the cell that is lower than the outside temperature by extending a curve passing through the outside temperature, the inside temperature, and the outside temperature. .
- the temperature load damage calculation unit 212c estimates a temperature inside the cell that is higher than the outside temperature by extending a curve passing through the outside temperature, the inside temperature, and the outside temperature. .
- (Threshold determination method) 8 and 9 will be used to describe how the threshold used for the determination by the usability determination unit 213 is determined.
- the damage factor is a physical load (acceleration, vibration, distortion, impact) is considered.
- a physical load is applied to the battery 10, and detection values are acquired from the acceleration sensor 50, the vibration sensor 51, the strain sensor 52, and the impact sensor 53 of the physical load information acquisition unit 11c. Is done.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of detection values acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit 11c.
- the physical load information acquisition unit 11 c acquires detected values of acceleration, vibration, distortion, and impact of the battery 10.
- the maximum value of the detected value during the period in which the physical load is applied is specified as the damage factor of the battery 10.
- the degree of damage of the battery 10 is determined. Thereby, a set of experimental data showing the relationship between the damage factor (acceleration detection value) of the battery 10 and the damage degree is obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a graph plotting experimental data showing the relationship between the damage factor (detection value of acceleration) of the battery 10 and the damage degree.
- the experimental data shown in FIG. 9 includes experimental data of the battery 10 that is damaged such that the use cannot be continued (in FIG. 8, “unusable” experimental data), and of the battery 10 that does not have such damage.
- Experimental data (in FIG. 8, “usable” experimental data) is included.
- the threshold value of acceleration is determined to be a value that distinguishes between “unusable” experimental data and “usable” experimental data.
- the damage degree threshold is determined to be a value corresponding to the acceleration threshold using the correlation between the acceleration and the damage degree.
- the battery swap system 1001 (hereinafter referred to as the system 1001) according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- the system 1001 according to the second embodiment is different from the system 1 according to the first embodiment in that a use state determination unit 214 (physical load information analysis unit) is provided. Therefore, this difference will be mainly described.
- symbol is attached
- FIG. 10 The battery swap system 1001 (hereinafter referred to as the system 1001) according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- the system 1001 according to the second embodiment is different from the system 1 according to the first embodiment in that a use state determination unit 214 (physical load information analysis unit) is provided. Therefore, this difference will be mainly described.
- symbol is attached
- the control unit 1021 of the battery management apparatus 1020 in the battery swap system 1001 illustrated in FIG. 10 further includes a use state determination unit 214 in addition to the output information acquisition unit 211, the damage calculation unit 212, and the usability determination unit 213.
- the battery management device 1020 determines the usage state of the battery 10 based on the physical load information, the external environment information, and the internal environment information acquired by the output information acquisition unit 211.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the use state determination process (battery management method) in the second embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 is the same as FIG. 6 of the first embodiment from S10 to S30.
- the use state determination unit 214 uses the output information acquired in S30, in S40 (use state determination step, physical load information analysis step), the use state determination unit 214 determines the use state of the rented battery 10.
- the determination of the use state is, for example, whether or not the user is using correctly, whether or not the user's use is correct but a damage factor due to the environment is loaded, or the user's use Whether or not a damage factor has been loaded is determined.
- the damage factor is loaded by the user placing the battery 10 in the sun, or the damage factor is loaded on the battery 10 by the temperature rising to an unexpected temperature. It can be judged. Further, the use state determination unit 214 may determine the use state based on the frequency indicating the use state calculated by the damage calculation unit 212.
- the battery management device 1020 may include a communication unit and notify the user's portable information terminal (smart phone, tablet, etc.) of the determined usage state. For example, when the use state determination unit 214 determines that damage has occurred by the user, a warning or the like may be notified to the user's portable information terminal.
- the use state determination unit 214 determines the cause of the temperature information based on the detection value from the sunshine sensor 41 and the detection value from the in-case temperature sensor 30. Specifically, when the value of the in-case temperature sensor 30 increases, the use state determination unit 214 determines that the temperature increase in the case 17 is “the battery 10 is placed in the sun” based on the detection value of the sunshine sensor 41. It is possible to determine whether it is the cause or the cause of the temperature rise.
- the use state determination unit 214 displays a warning on the display unit 22 when the temperature rise is “caused by being placed in the sun”.
- the battery management apparatus 1020 may include a communication unit, and may notify a warning to a portable information terminal (smart phone, tablet, etc.) of the user of the battery 10.
- the use state determination unit 214 does not display or notify the user because there is a limit to the measures on the user side.
- the use state determination unit 214 determines the use state based on the frequency indicating the use state calculated by the damage calculation unit 212. For example, the use state determination unit 214 calculates the damage degree by converting the sunshine time into a frequency. When the degree of damage due to sunshine hours is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, it can be determined that the cause is caused by the user. Further, as the temperature sensor inside the case 17, not only the in-case temperature sensor 30 but also an outside-cell temperature sensor 31 may be further provided. That is, different types of sensors may be provided outside and inside the case 17, and a plurality of the same type of sensors may be provided inside the case 17.
- Example of use condition judgment 2 As shown in FIG. 2A, a configuration in which a submergence sensor 32 is disposed in each of the electronic substrate storage case 19 and the cell storage case 18 will be described as an example.
- the use state determination unit 214 can determine which region in the battery 10 has been submerged, and can determine the flooded range. For example, when the electronic substrate storage case 19 is submerged and the cell storage case 18 is not submerged, the electronic substrate 16a is replaced, but there is a high possibility that the cell 12 portion can be confirmed and reused. On the other hand, when the cell storage case 18 is submerged, the cell 12 portion needs to be replaced.
- the use state determination unit 214 can perform submergence state determination that is useful for repair and replacement.
- the submergence sensor 32 may be disposed outside the cell storage case 18 and inside the case 17.
- the damage degree values are set as water in the case 17, water in the electronic substrate storage case 19, and water in the cell storage case 18, respectively. The degree of damage may be calculated.
- the control blocks (particularly, the output information acquisition unit 211, the damage calculation unit 212, the usability determination unit 213, and the use state determination unit 214) of the battery management devices 20 and 1020 are logic circuits formed in an integrated circuit (IC chip) or the like. (Hardware) or software using a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the control blocks of the battery management devices 20 and 1020 are CPUs that execute instructions of a program (battery management program) that is software for realizing each function, and the programs and various data can be read by a computer (or CPU).
- ROM Read Only Memory
- storage device these are referred to as “recording media”
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the computer or CPU reads the program from the recording medium and executes it to achieve the object of the present invention.
- the recording medium a “non-temporary tangible medium” such as a tape, a disk, a card, a semiconductor memory, a programmable logic circuit, or the like can be used.
- the program may be supplied to the computer via an arbitrary transmission medium (such as a communication network or a broadcast wave) that can transmit the program.
- a transmission medium such as a communication network or a broadcast wave
- the present invention can also be realized in the form of a data signal embedded in a carrier wave, in which the program is embodied by electronic transmission.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a battery swap system 2001 (hereinafter referred to as a system 2001) in which the external environment information acquisition unit 11b and the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a are not provided.
- a system 2001 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a battery 2010 and a battery management device 2020. Compared to the battery 10 shown in FIG.
- the battery 2010 is not provided with the internal environment information acquisition unit 11a and the external environment information acquisition unit 11b, and only the physical load information acquisition unit 11c is provided as a damage factor information acquisition unit. It has been.
- the control unit 2021 of the battery management device 2020 has a water leakage damage calculation unit 212a, an electronic load damage calculation unit 212b, and a temperature load damage calculation unit 212c as compared with the control unit 21 of the battery management device 20 illustrated in FIG. Are not provided, and only the physical load damage calculation unit 212d is provided as the damage calculation unit. That is, in the system 2001, the physical load applied to the battery 2010 is acquired by the physical load information acquisition unit 11c and stored in the storage unit 15. Then, the battery management device 2020 acquires the stored physical load, calculates the damage degree in the physical load damage calculation unit 212d, and determines whether or not it can be used.
- the physical load information, the external environment information, and the internal environment information acquired by the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 are stored in the storage unit 15 via the information storage unit 14.
- the battery 3010 of the battery swap system 3001 shown in FIG. 13 physical load information, external environment information, and internal environment information acquired by the damage factor information acquisition unit 11 are transmitted to the battery management device 20 in real time by the communication unit 3017. Is sent.
- the output information acquisition unit 211 in the battery management device 20 has a configuration capable of wireless communication with the communication unit 3017.
- the battery management device 20 calculates the damage degree for the damage factor information that is sequentially transmitted.
- the storage unit 15 may be provided in addition to the communication unit 5017 in the battery 5010, and the configuration may be such that a predetermined amount of time is stored in the storage unit 15 and then transmitted.
- the control unit 21 (information processing apparatus) of the battery management apparatus 20 may be a virtual server on the cloud computing system.
- physical load information, external environment information, and internal environment information are transmitted from the communication unit 3017 to the cloud computing system.
- Information is analyzed in the virtual server, and the user can obtain the analysis result by accessing the cloud computing system.
- the system 1001 according to the second embodiment includes the use state determination unit 214, the damage calculation unit 212, and the usability determination unit 213. However, the damage calculation unit 212 and the usability determination unit 213 may not be provided. . In this case, only the usage state is determined.
- the battery management devices 20, 1020, and 2020 may be provided in a station that lends the battery 10, a system that manages a plurality of stations, or the like.
- the display unit 22 of the battery management devices 20, 1020, and 2020 may use a screen of a user's smartphone, tablet, or the like.
- the battery management apparatus 20 of the first embodiment includes the output information acquisition unit 211, the damage calculation unit 212, and the usability determination unit 213, the usability determination unit 213 is not provided, and the battery It may function as a damage degree calculation device.
- vehicles such as an electric vehicle, are illustrated as an example of the electric power consumer with which the some battery 10, 2010, 3010 lent out in the system 1,1001,2001,3001 is mounted.
- examples of the vehicle include mobility such as the electric vehicle (EV), electric motorcycle, electric unicycle, electric vehicle, electric assist bicycle, and PHV (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle).
- the power consumer on which the battery is mounted is not limited to mobility, but may be another electric product driven by a replaceable battery.
- the electric product include home appliances such as a refrigerator, a washing machine, a vacuum cleaner, a rice cooker, and a hot water pot that function with electric power from a battery.
- a battery used for the electric tool may be charged at a battery station or the like that charges a plurality of rentable batteries.
- the present invention can be used for a battery.
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Abstract
Description
近年では、電気自動車のユーザに複数のバッテリを貸し出すシステムが登場してきている。前記システムは、システムの利用者にバッテリを貸し出し、利用者から使用済のバッテリが返却されたとき、返却されたバッテリと、充電済みの他のバッテリとを交換(スワップ)する。そのため、前記システムは、バッテリスワップシステムと呼ばれている。
本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、単体で持ち運びされるバッテリを適切に管理することにある。
上記の課題を解決するために、第1の発明に係るバッテリは、複数のバッテリを貸し出し可能なシステムにおいて、単体で持ち運びされるバッテリであって、物理負荷情報取得部を備えている。物理負荷情報取得部は、バッテリに対する物理負荷情報を取得する。
これにより、バッテリが貸し出されている間に、バッテリにどのような物理負荷が加えられたかが分かるため、損傷度や使用状態を判断でき、適切にバッテリを管理することが出来る。
また、物理負荷情報取得部が歪みセンサを有する場合には、バッテリにどのような衝撃や振動が負荷されたかが分かるため、バッテリの損傷度や使用状態を判定することが出来る。歪みセンサとしては例えば歪みゲージを用いることができる。バッテリの複数の面に歪みゲージを配置することによって、例えば、どの面に衝撃が加わったか、どの面から落下したか等の情報を取得できる。また、ケース内にセルを囲むセル格納ケースを備えている構成のバッテリの場合、セル格納ケースおよびケースの双方に歪みセンサを設けることにより、衝撃が内側まで届いたか否かを判別でき、より詳細に損傷度を判断することができる。
また、物理負荷情報取得部が圧力センサを有する場合には、バッテリにどのような圧力が負荷されたかが分かるため、バッテリの損傷度や使用状態を判定することが出来る。バッテリの複数の面に圧力センサを配置することによって、例えば、どの面に衝撃が加わったか、どの面から落下したか等の情報を取得することができる。
また、物理負荷情報取得部が位置センサを有する場合には、バッテリの位置情報を取得することができる。この位置情報から速度情報、加速度情報を推測することができる。
また、物理負荷情報取得部が速度センサを有する場合には、バッテリの移動速度などを取得することが出来る。この移動速度から、加速度情報を推測することができる。
これにより、バッテリが貸し出されている間にバッテリに加えられた物理負荷情報を記録することができる。このため、バッテリをバッテリ管理装置に返却した際に、バッテリに記憶されている物理負荷情報を用いてバッテリの損傷度や使用状態を判定することが出来る。
このように通信部を備えていることにより、バッテリが貸し出されている間にバッテリに加えられた物理負荷情報をリアルタイムで情報処理装置へ送信することができ、バッテリの損傷度や使用状態を判定できる。
このように情報処理装置がクラウドコンピューティング上の仮想サーバとして設けられており、通信部はクラウドコンピューティングシステムに送信してもよい。使用者は、クラウドコンピューティングシステムにアクセスすることにより、分析結果を得ることができる。
この構成によれば、バッテリが貸し出されている間に、バッテリにどのような物理負荷が加えられたかが分かるため、損傷度や使用状態を判断でき、バッテリスワップシステムにおいて、適切にバッテリを管理することが出来る。
これにより、バッテリの損傷度を算出することが出来、損傷度に基づいて、バッテリに対して点検、修理、破棄などの判断を行うことが出来る。
これにより、損傷度に基づいてバッテリの使用の判断を自動で行うことができる。
これにより、バッテリを貸し出している間のバッテリの使用状態を分析することが出来。すなわち、貸出人のバッテリの取り扱いが乱暴であるといったことを判定することができ、該当する貸出人に注意喚起を行うことが可能となる。
これによって、バッテリが貸し出されている間に、バッテリにどのような物理負荷が加えられたかが分かるため、損傷度や使用状態を判断でき、バッテリスワップシステムにおいて、適切にバッテリを管理することが出来る。
これにより、バッテリの損傷度を算出することが出来、損傷度に基づいて、バッテリに対して点検、修理、破棄などの判断を行うことが出来る。
また、損傷度に基づいてバッテリの使用の判断を自動で行うことができる。
これにより、バッテリを貸し出している間のバッテリの使用状態を分析することが出来。すなわち、貸出人のバッテリの取り扱いが乱暴であるといったことを判定することができ、該当する貸出人に注意喚起を行うことが可能となる。
これによって、バッテリが貸し出されている間に、バッテリにどのような物理負荷が加えられたかが分かるため、損傷度や使用状態を判断でき、バッテリスワップシステムにおいて、適切にバッテリを管理することが出来る。
なお、プログラムの一利用形態は、インターネット等の伝送媒体、光・電波・音波等の伝送媒体中を伝送し、コンピュータにより読みとられ、コンピュータと協働して動作する態様であってもよい。また、プログラムは、クラウドコンピューティングシステムのサーバに設けられていてもよい。
このように、プログラムの一利用形態として、ROM等の記録媒体に記録された態様としてもよい。
(発明の効果)
本発明によれば、単体で持ち運びされるバッテリを適切に管理することが出来る。
(実施の形態1)
(バッテリスワップシステム1)
図1は、本実施の形態1に係るバッテリスワップシステム1(以下では、システム1と略称する)の構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、システム1は、バッテリ10およびバッテリ管理装置20を含んでいる。図1には、1つのバッテリ10のみが示されているが、システム1は、実際には複数のバッテリ10を含んでいる。
図1に示すように、バッテリ10は、損傷要因情報取得部11、セル12、情報出力部13、情報蓄積部14、記憶部15、セル格納ケース18およびCPU16を備えている。バッテリ10の各部(詳細には、損傷要因情報取得部11の外部環境情報取得部11bを除く)は、ケース17(図2参照)に収容されている。
なお、セル格納ケース18および電子基板格納ケース19は、格納している部品に対する保護および防水の機能を有する。
損傷要因情報取得部11は、バッテリ10の損傷要因に関する情報である損傷要因情報を取得する。損傷要因には、物理負荷、電子負荷、および熱負荷の他、湿気などが含まれる。損傷要因の例を後述する。損傷要因情報取得部11が取得した損傷要因情報は、情報蓄積部14に出力される。
図2A~図2Dに、バッテリ10のケース17内における損傷要因情報取得部11(内部環境情報取得部11a、外部環境情報取得部11b、物理負荷情報取得部11c)の配置例を示す。
内部環境情報取得部11aは、損傷要因情報として、バッテリ10のケース17内における環境である内部環境の情報を取得する。
図1および図2Aに示すように、内部環境情報取得部11aは、ケース内温度センサ30、セル外温度センサ31、水没センサ32、および電磁波センサ33を備えている。ケース内温度センサ30はケース17内の温度を検出し、セル外温度センサ31はセル12外の温度を検出し、水没センサ32はバッテリ10が水没したか否かを示す情報を検出する。内部環境情報取得部11aが取得する内部環境情報には、ケース内温度センサ30、セル外温度センサ31、水没センサ32、および電磁波センサ33による各検出値(検出結果)が含まれる。
図2Aに示すように、内部環境情報取得部11aが備えたケース内温度センサ30は、矩形を有するケース17の内側の四隅に配置されており、セル外温度センサ31は、各セル12の近傍にそれぞれ配置されている。また、セル外温度センサ31は、複数のセル12を囲むセル格納ケース18の内側に複数個配置されている。
湿度センサ34は、図2Bに示すように、セル格納ケース18の内側またはセル格納ケース18の外側であってケース17の内側に配置されていてもよい。湿度センサ34は、ケース17の内部の湿度を検出する。湿度センサ34は、セル格納ケース18の内側に収納されていてもよい。湿度センサ34により、水濡れの検出も可能である。
ガスセンサ36は、例えば図2Bに示すように、ケース17の内側であって、セル格納ケース18の内側または外側に配置されていてもよい。ガスセンサ36によって、ケース17の内部へのガスの侵入を検知でき、貸し出し中にバッテリ10が配置されていた環境を検出できる。音波センサ37は、図2Bに示すようにケース17の内側に配置されていてもよい。磁気センサ38および電波センサ39は、図2Bに示すように、ケース17の内側であってCPU16の近傍に配置されていてもよい。磁気センサ38および電波センサ39をCPU16の近傍に配置することにより、CPU16に与える影響を検出することができる。
なお、後述する物理負荷情報取得部11cの振動センサ51は、内部環境情報取得部11aが有していてもよい。
また、図1、図2Aおよび図2Bで説明した各々のセンサの位置および数は限定されるものではない。
外部環境情報取得部11bは、損傷要因情報として、バッテリ10のケース17外における環境である外部環境の情報を取得する。
図1に示すように、外部環境情報取得部11bは、ケース外温度センサ40および日照センサ41を備えている。外部環境情報には、ケース外温度センサ40および日照センサ41による各検出値が含まれる。
なお、外部環境情報取得部11bは、上述した2つの種類のセンサの双方を含んでいなくてもよく、いずれか一方のみを含んでいてもよい。
なお、外部環境情報取得部11bは、照度センサ42、画像センサ43、ガスセンサ44、音波センサ45、磁気センサ46、電波センサ47、水没センサ48、および湿度センサ49のうちの少なくともいずれか1つを備えていてもよい。
湿度センサ49は、ケース17の外側に設けられており、バッテリ10の外部の湿度を検出する。
物理負荷情報取得部11cは、損傷要因情報として、バッテリ10に印加された物理負荷の情報である物理負荷情報を取得する。
図1及び図2Aに示すように、物理負荷情報取得部11cは、加速度センサ50、振動センサ51、歪みセンサ52、および衝撃センサ53を備えている。物理負荷情報には、加速度センサ50、振動センサ51、歪みセンサ52、および衝撃センサ53による各検出値が含まれる。加速度センサ50、振動センサ51、および衝撃センサ53は、互いに異なる加速度情報(加速度、振動、衝撃)を取得する。しかしながら、物理負荷情報取得部11cは、バッテリ10の加速度情報を取得する少なくとも一つのセンサを備えていればよい。
図2Aでは、物理負荷情報取得部11cの加速度センサ50が、バッテリ10のケース17内の一隅に配置されている。加速度センサ50は、バッテリ10の内側または外側(ケース17の外側面等)のどこに配置されてもよい。
なお、物理負荷情報取得部11cは、圧力センサ54、傾きセンサ55、位置センサ56および速度センサ57のうち少なくとも一つを備えていてもよい。
図2Dに示すように、圧力センサ54は、ケース17の外側に配置されており、バッテリ10に負荷された圧力を検出できる。このようにバッテリにどのような圧力(圧力情報)が負荷されたかが分かるため、バッテリ10の損傷度や使用状態を判定することが出来る。図2Dでは一箇所にのみ圧力センサ54が配置されているが、バッテリ10の複数の面に圧力センサ54を配置することによって、例えば、どの面に衝撃が加わったか、どの面から落下したか等の情報を取得することができる。
図2Dに示すように、傾きセンサ55は、ケース17の内側に配置されており、貸し出し中におけるバッテリ10の傾き(傾き情報)を検出する。これによって、貸し立ち中におけるバッテリ10の配置姿勢に関する情報を取得することができる。
速度センサ57は、図2Dに示すように、ケース17の内側に配置されており、バッテリ10の速度(速度情報)を検出する。バッテリ10の移動速度から加速度情報を算出することが出来る。
図3の(a)(b)~図5の(a)(b)を用いて、バッテリ10の損傷要因の例を説明する。
図3の(a)(b)は、バッテリ10の内部環境を変化させることによってバッテリ10を損傷させる損傷要因の例を示す。図3の(a)において、バッテリ10に加わる電磁波(電子負荷)が損傷要因であり、図3の(b)において、バッテリ10の内部に浸入した水分(水濡れ)が損傷要因である。図3の(a)に示すように、バッテリ10に電磁波が照射された場合、バッテリ10のCPU16が誤動作し、バッテリ10の内部が損傷する可能性がある。また、図3の(b)に示すように、バッテリ10が水没した場合、バッテリ10の内部に水分が浸透することによって、バッテリ10の内部では結露が生じ易くなる。結露によって発生した水滴は、バッテリ10のCPU16を誤動作させるので、バッテリ10が損傷する要因になる。
セル12は、二次電池のセルである。図2A~図2Dに示すように、バッテリ10は、複数のセル12を備えている。各セル12は、バッテリ10の外部から供給される電力によって蓄電され、蓄電された電力を放電することができる。セル12の充電と放電との切り換えは、CPU16によって制御される。
情報蓄積部14は、損傷要因情報取得部11から入力された損傷要因情報を、記憶部15に記憶する。また、情報蓄積部14は、記憶部15に蓄積された損傷要因情報を、情報出力部13に出力する。情報出力部13は、情報蓄積部14から入力された損傷要因情報を、出力情報として、バッテリ管理装置20の出力情報取得部211へ出力する。
記憶部15には、情報蓄積部14によって、損傷要因情報が記憶される。損傷要因情報には、内部環境情報取得部11aが取得した内部環境情報、外部環境情報取得部11bが取得した外部環境情報、および、物理負荷情報取得部11cが取得した物理負荷情報が含まれる。
図1に示すように、バッテリ管理装置20は、制御部21(情報処理装置)および表示部22を備えている。制御部21は、出力情報取得部211、損傷算出部212、および使用可否判定部213を備えている。制御部21の各部は、バッテリ10から出力される出力情報(すなわち損傷要因情報)を用いて、バッテリ10の損傷度を算出し、バッテリ10の使用を継続することができるか否かを判定する使用可否判定処理を実行する。そして、制御部21は、使用可否判定処理における判定結果を、表示部22に表示する。一変形例では、制御部21は、使用可否判定処理における判定結果を、表示以外の手段でユーザに提示してもよい。なお、使用可否判定処理の詳細については後述する。また、損傷算出部212および使用可否判定部213は、物理負荷情報分析部の一例に対応する。
出力情報取得部211は、バッテリ10の情報出力部13から、出力情報を取得する。出力情報取得部211が取得する出力情報は、バッテリ10の損傷要因情報取得部11が取得した損傷要因情報であり、内部環境情報、外部環境情報、および物理負荷情報が含まれる。出力情報取得部211は、取得した出力情報を、損傷算出部212に出力する。
損傷算出部212は、出力情報取得部211から入力された出力情報を用いて、以下で説明する4種類の損傷度(物理負荷損傷度、温度負荷損傷度、電子負荷損傷度、水濡れ損傷度)を算出する。そして、算出した損傷度に関する情報を、使用可否判定部213に出力する。図1に示すように、損傷算出部212は、水濡れ損傷算出部212a、電子負荷損傷算出部212b、温度負荷損傷算出部212c、および物理負荷損傷算出部212dを含んでいる。なお、一変形例において、損傷算出部212は、バッテリ10の使用状態を示す度数であれば、損傷度以外の度数を算出してもよい。
水濡れ損傷算出部212aは、水濡れ(図3の(b)参照)によるバッテリ10の損傷度である水濡れ損傷度を算出する。そのために、水濡れ損傷算出部212aは、出力情報から、内部環境情報を抽出する。前述したように、内部環境情報には、ケース内温度センサ30、セル外温度センサ31、水没センサ32、および電磁波センサ33による各検出値が含まれる。水濡れ損傷算出部212aは、水没センサ32による検出値を用いて、バッテリ10の水濡れ損傷度を算出する。あるいは、内部環境情報取得部11aが湿度センサ34を備えている場合、水濡れ損傷算出部212aは、湿度センサ34の検出値を用いて、バッテリ10の水濡れ損傷度を算出することもできる。
電子負荷損傷算出部212bは、電子負荷(図3の(a)参照)によるバッテリ10の損傷度である電子負荷損傷度を算出する。電子負荷には、バッテリ10に照射される電波、磁気、および電磁波が含まれる。電子負荷損傷算出部212bは、出力情報から、内部環境情報を抽出する。電子負荷損傷算出部212bは、内部環境情報取得部11aの電磁波センサ33による検出値を用いて、電子負荷損傷度を算出する。あるいは、内部環境情報取得部11aが磁気センサ38および電波センサ39を備えている場合、電子負荷損傷算出部212bは、磁気センサ38の検出値、電波センサ39の検出値、またはその組合せを用いて、バッテリ10の電子負荷損傷度を算出することもできる。
温度負荷損傷算出部212cは、セル12の内部の温度(セル内温度)を用いて、温度負荷(図4の(a)(b)参照)によるバッテリ10の損傷度(温度負荷損傷度)を算出する。
例えば、温度負荷損傷度が、バッテリ10のCPU16の誤動作の頻度に対応している場合、セル内温度と、バッテリ10のCPU16の誤動作の発生頻度との相関関係が、実験によって予め学習される。そして、温度負荷損傷算出部212cは、学習された相関関係に基づいて、セル内温度から、温度負荷損傷度(=温度負荷による誤動作の頻度)を算出する。
物理負荷損傷算出部212dは、物理負荷(図5の(a)(b)参照)によるバッテリ10(主に、構造部)の損傷度(物理負荷損傷度)を算出する。そのために、物理負荷損傷算出部212dは、出力情報から、物理負荷情報を抽出する。物理負荷損傷算出部212dは、物理負荷情報取得部11cの加速度センサ50、振動センサ51、歪みセンサ52、および衝撃センサ53による検出値を用いて、物理負荷損傷度を算出する。
使用可否判定部213は、損傷算出部212の各部によって算出された4種類の損傷度(水濡れ損傷度、電子負荷損傷度、温度負荷損傷度、物理負荷損傷度)が、それぞれ、閾値を超えるか否かを判定する。そして、少なくとも1種類の損傷度が閾値を超える場合、使用可否判定部213は、バッテリ10の使用を継続することはできないと判定する。一方、4種類の損傷度が全て閾値以下である場合、使用可否判定部213は、バッテリ10の使用を継続することができると判定する。なお、閾値は、損傷度の種類ごとに異なっていてもよい。
(使用可否判定処理)
図6を用いて、制御部21によって実行される使用可否判定処理の流れを説明する。図6は、使用可否判定処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。ただし、図6に示すS10およびS20は、制御部21による使用可否判定処理の前段階として、バッテリ10において実行される。
次に、情報出力部13が、損傷要因情報を、出力情報として出力する(S20)。出力情報取得部211は、情報出力部13から出力された出力情報、すなわち損傷要因情報を取得する(S30、物理負荷情報取得ステップ)。
図7を用いて、温度負荷損傷算出部212cが、ケース外温度、ケース内温度、およびセル外温度を用いて、セル12の内部の温度(セル内温度)をどのようにして算出するのかを説明する。図7は、温度負荷損傷算出部212cによるセル内温度の推定結果の一例を示す図である。ここでは、2つの場合、すなわち、ケース外温度がケース内温度およびセル外温度よりも高い場合と、ケース外温度がケース内温度およびセル外温度よりも低い場合とを考える。なお、2つの場合において、セル外温度は同じであるとする。また、ケース外温度は、ケース外温度センサ40によって検出され、ケース内温度は、ケース内温度センサ30によって検出され、セル外温度は、セル外温度センサ31によって検出される。
図8および図9を用いて、使用可否判定部213が判定を行うために使用する閾値が、どのようにして決定されるのかを説明する。ここでは、損傷要因が、物理負荷(加速度、振動、歪み、衝撃)である場合について考える。実験的に閾値を決定するために、バッテリ10に物理負荷が与えられるとともに、物理負荷情報取得部11cの加速度センサ50、振動センサ51、歪みセンサ52、および衝撃センサ53から、それぞれ検出値が取得される。
以下に、本発明にかかる実施の形態2におけるバッテリスワップシステム1001(以下システム1001と述べる)について説明する。
本実施の形態2のシステム1001は、図10に示すように、実施の形態1のシステム1と比較して使用状態判定部214(物理負荷情報分析部)を備えている点が異なっている。そのため、本相違点を中心に説明する。尚、実施の形態1と同様の構成については同一の符号を付している。
バッテリ管理装置1020は、出力情報取得部211によって取得した物理負荷情報、外部環境情報、および内部環境情報に基づいて、バッテリ10の使用状態を判定する。
S30において取得した出力情報を用いて、S40(使用状態判定ステップ、物理負荷情報分析ステップ)において、使用状態判定部214は、貸し出し中のバッテリ10の使用状態を判定する。ここで、使用状態の判定とは、例えば、使用者が正しい使用をしているか否か、若しくは、使用者の使用は正しいが環境起因による損傷要因が負荷されているか、若しくは、使用者の使用によって損傷要因が負荷されたか等について判定する。具体的には、使用者が日向にバッテリ10を置いたことによって損傷要因が負荷されたことや、気温が想定していない温度まで上昇したことによってバッテリ10に損傷要因が負荷されたということについて判定することが出来る。また、使用状態判定部214は、損傷算出部212によって算出された使用状態を示す度数にも基づいて、使用状態の判定をしてもよい。
図2Aに示すように、バッテリ10のケース17の外側に日照センサ41が配置され、ケース17の内側にケース内温度センサ30が配置されている構成を例に挙げて説明する。
使用状態判定部214は、日照センサ41からの検出値とケース内温度センサ30からの検出値に基づいて、温度情報の原因の切り分けを行う。具体的には、使用状態判定部214は、ケース内温度センサ30の値が上昇した場合、日照センサ41の検出値に基づいて、ケース17内の温度上昇が「バッテリ10が日向に置かれたことが原因」なのか、「気温上昇が原因」なのかを切り分けることが出来る。
一方、使用状態判定部214は、温度情報が「気温上昇が原因」である場合には、使用者側の対策では限界があるため、使用者に表示または通知を行わない。
また、ケース17の内部の温度センサとして、ケース内温度センサ30だけでなく、セル外温度センサ31が更に設けられていてもよい。すなわち、ケース17の外部と内部で異種のセンサが設けられており、ケース17の内部において複数の同種のセンサが設けられていてもよい。
図2Aに示すように、電子基板格納ケース19とセル格納ケース18にそれぞれ水没センサ32が配置されている構成を例に挙げて説明する。
使用状態判定部214は、バッテリ10内のどの領域が水没したのかを判定し、浸水範囲の見極めを行うことが出来る。例えば、電子基板格納ケース19が浸水し、セル格納ケース18に浸水していない場合には、電子基板16aの交換が行われるが、セル12部分は確認して再使用できる可能性が高い。一方、セル格納ケース18に浸水している場合には、セル12部分を取り替える必要が生じる。
また、複数の水没センサ32を取り付けた場合には、ケース17内への浸水、電子基板格納ケース19内への浸水およびセル格納ケース18内への浸水としてそれぞれに損傷度の値を設定し、損傷度が算出されてもよい。
バッテリ管理装置20、1020の制御ブロック(特に出力情報取得部211、損傷算出部212、使用可否判定部213、および使用状態判定部214)は、集積回路(ICチップ)等に形成された論理回路(ハードウェア)によって実現してもよいし、CPU(Central Processing Unit)を用いてソフトウェアによって実現してもよい。
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
上記実施の形態のシステム1、1001では、物理負荷情報取得部11cに加えて外部環境情報取得部11bと内部環境情報取得部11aが設けられているが、外部環境情報取得部11bと内部環境情報取得部11aが設けられていなくてもよい。
図12は、外部環境情報取得部11bと内部環境情報取得部11aが設けられていないバッテリスワップシステム2001(以下システム2001という)を示す図である。図12に示すシステム2001は、バッテリ2010とバッテリ管理装置2020を備えている。バッテリ2010は、図1に示すバッテリ10と比較して、内部環境情報取得部11aおよび外部環境情報取得部11bが設けられておらず、損傷要因情報取得部として物理負荷情報取得部11cのみが設けられている。また、バッテリ管理装置2020の制御部2021は、図1に示すバッテリ管理装置20の制御部21と比較して、水漏れ損傷算出部212a、電子負荷損傷算出部212b、および温度負荷損傷算出部212cが設けられておらず、損傷算出部として物理負荷損傷算出部212dのみが設けられている。
すなわち、システム2001では、バッテリ2010に加えられる物理負荷が物理負荷情報取得部11cによって取得されて記憶部15に記憶される。そして、バッテリ管理装置2020は、記憶されている物理負荷を取得して物理負荷損傷算出部212dにおいて損傷度を算出して使用可否の判定を行う。
上記実施の形態のシステム1、1001では、損傷要因情報取得部11によって取得された物理負荷情報、外部環境情報、および内部環境情報は、情報蓄積部14を介して記憶部15に記憶されているが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、図13に示すバッテリスワップシステム3001のバッテリ3010では、損傷要因情報取得部11によって取得された物理負荷情報、外部環境情報、および内部環境情報は、通信部3017によってリアルタイムでバッテリ管理装置20へと送信される。バッテリ管理装置20における出力情報取得部211は、通信部3017と無線通信可能な構成となっている。バッテリ管理装置20は、順次送信されている損傷要因情報について損傷度を算出する。なお、リアルタイムでなくてもよく、バッテリ5010に通信部5017とともに記憶部15も設けられており、所定時間分を記憶部15に記憶してから送信するような構成であってもよい。
上記実施の形態2のシステム1001では、使用状態判定部214、損傷算出部212および使用可否判定部213を備えているが、損傷算出部212および使用可否判定部213が設けられていなくてもよい。この場合、使用状態の判定のみが行われる。
(D)
上記実施の形態では特に述べていないが、バッテリ管理装置20、1020、2020は、バッテリ10の貸し出しを行うステーション、複数のステーションを統括するシステム等に設けられていても良い。また、バッテリ管理装置20、1020、2020の表示部22は、使用者のスマートホン、タブレット等の画面を利用してもよい。
上記実施の形態1、2における図2A~図2Dで説明した各種センサの配置は、一例であり、各種センサの配置、数は適宜変更しても良い。
(F)
上記実施の形態では、複数のセルを格納するセル格納ケース18と、電子基板16aを格納する電子基板格納ケース19が設けられているが、どちらか一方または双方が設けられていなくてもよい。
上記実施の形態1のバッテリ管理装置20は、出力情報取得部211と、損傷算出部212と、使用可否判定部213とを備えているが、使用可否判定部213が設けられておらず、バッテリ損傷度算出装置として機能してもよい。
(H)
上記実施の形態では、システム1、1001、2001、3001において貸し出される複数のバッテリ10、2010、3010が搭載される電力消費体の一例として電気自動車等の車両が例示されている。具体的には、車両としては、上記電気自動車(EV)、電動自動二輪車、電動一輪車、電動自動車、電動アシスト自転車、PHV(Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle)等のモビリティが挙げられる。
電気製品としては、例えば、バッテリからの電力によって機能する冷蔵庫、洗濯機、掃除機、炊飯器、湯沸しポット等の家電製品も含まれる。
さらに、バッテリが搭載される電力消費体として、電動工具を用いてもよい。
11c 物理負荷情報取得部
21 制御部(情報処理装置)
50 加速度センサ
51 振動センサ
52 歪みセンサ
53 衝撃センサ
54 圧力センサ
211 出力情報取得部
212 損傷算出部(物理負荷情報分析部)
213 使用可否判定部(物理負荷情報分析部)
Claims (14)
- 複数のバッテリを貸し出し可能なシステムにおいて、単体で持ち運びされるバッテリであって、
前記バッテリに対する物理負荷情報を取得する物理負荷情報取得部を備えた、バッテリ。 - 前記物理負荷情報取得部は、
前記バッテリの加速度情報を検出する加速度センサ、前記バッテリの振動情報を取得する振動センサ、前記バッテリの歪み情報を検出する歪みセンサ、前記バッテリに対する衝撃情報を取得する衝撃センサ、前記バッテリに対する圧力情報を取得する圧力センサ、前記バッテリの傾き情報を取得する傾きセンサ、前記バッテリの位置情報を取得する位置センサ、および前記バッテリの速度情報を検出する速度センサの少なくとも1つを有する、
請求項1に記載のバッテリ。 - 前記物理負荷情報取得部によって取得された前記物理負荷情報を記憶する記憶部を更に備えた、請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記物理負荷情報取得部によって取得された前記物理負荷情報を、該物理負荷情報を分析する情報処理装置へ送信する通信部を更に備えた、
請求項1に記載のバッテリ。 - 前記情報処理装置は、クラウドコンピューティングにおける仮想サーバである、
請求項4に記載のバッテリ。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のバッテリと、
情報処理装置とを備えたシステムであって、
前記情報処理装置は、
前記バッテリの物理負荷情報取得部からの情報を取得する出力情報取得部と、
前記出力情報取得部からの情報を用いて、前記バッテリに対する物理負荷を分析する物理負荷情報分析部と、を有する、
システム。 - 前記物理負荷情報分析部は、
前記出力情報取得部が取得した情報を用いて、前記バッテリの損傷度を算出する損傷算出部を有する、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記物理負荷情報分析部は、
前記損傷算出部によって算出された前記損傷度に基づいて、前記バッテリの使用の可否を判定する使用可否判定部を更に有する、
請求項7に記載のシステム。 - 前記物理負荷情報分析部は、
前記出力情報取得部が取得した情報を用いて、前記バッテリの使用状態を判定する使用状態判定部を有する、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 単体で持ち運ばれるバッテリを複数貸し出し可能な場合において前記バッテリを管理するバッテリ管理方法であって、
前記バッテリに対する物理負荷情報を取得する物理負荷情報取得ステップと、
前記物理負荷情報取得ステップにおいて取得された前記物理負荷情報を用いて、前記バッテリに対する物理負荷を分析する物理負荷情報分析ステップと、を備えた、
バッテリ管理方法。 - 前記物理負荷情報分析ステップは、
前記物理負荷情報を用いて、前記バッテリの損傷度を算出する損傷算出ステップと、
前記損傷算出ステップによって算出された前記損傷度に基づいて、前記バッテリの使用の可否を判定する使用可否判定ステップと、を有する、
請求項10に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 - 前記物理負荷情報分析ステップは、
前記物理負荷情報取得ステップにおいて取得された前記物理負荷情報を用いて、前記バッテリの使用状態を判定する使用状態判定ステップを有する、
請求項10に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 - 単体で持ち運ばれるバッテリを複数貸し出し可能な場合において前記バッテリを管理するバッテリ管理プログラムであって、
前記バッテリに対する物理負荷情報を取得する物理負荷情報取得ステップと、
前記物理負荷情報を用いて、前記バッテリに対する物理負荷を分析する物理負荷情報分析ステップと、を備えた、バッテリ管理方法をコンピュータに実行させるバッテリ管理プログラム。 - 請求項13に記載のバッテリ管理プログラムを記録した記録媒体であって、コンピュータにより処理可能な記録媒体。
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PH12017501552B1 (en) | 2018-02-05 |
US10355322B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
PH12017501552A1 (en) | 2018-02-05 |
EP3249737A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
MY183538A (en) | 2021-02-25 |
JPWO2016143399A1 (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
TWI615625B (zh) | 2018-02-21 |
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