WO2016135992A1 - 密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法及び劣化診断システム - Google Patents
密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法及び劣化診断システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016135992A1 WO2016135992A1 PCT/JP2015/065542 JP2015065542W WO2016135992A1 WO 2016135992 A1 WO2016135992 A1 WO 2016135992A1 JP 2015065542 W JP2015065542 W JP 2015065542W WO 2016135992 A1 WO2016135992 A1 WO 2016135992A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/44—Testing lamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Patent Document 1 a change in battery voltage per predetermined time is sequentially measured while performing constant current charging or constant current discharging of a secondary battery, and based on the time when the change in the battery voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, A method for calculating the deterioration rate of the secondary battery is described.
- the battery voltage per predetermined time changes depending on the charge / discharge history up to the time of measurement, it is used in an environment where the battery is installed in an electric vehicle that is used repeatedly while charging / discharging, for example, charging / discharging frequently. Not suitable for use in
- the secondary battery 2 shown in FIG. 2 is configured as a cell (single cell) in which an electrode group 22 is accommodated in a sealed outer casing 21.
- the electrode group 22 has a structure in which a positive electrode 23 and a negative electrode 24 are laminated or wound through a separator 25 therebetween, and the separator 25 holds an electrolytic solution.
- the secondary battery 2 of the present embodiment is a laminated battery using a laminated film such as an aluminum laminated foil as the outer package 21, and is specifically a laminated lithium ion secondary battery having a capacity of 1.44 Ah.
- the secondary battery 2 is formed in a thin rectangular parallelepiped shape as a whole, and the X, Y, and Z directions correspond to the length direction, the width direction, and the thickness direction of the secondary battery 2, respectively.
- the Z direction is also the thickness direction of the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode 24.
- the secondary battery 2 is provided with a detection sensor 5 that detects deformation of the secondary battery 2.
- the detection sensor 5 includes a polymer matrix layer 3 attached to the secondary battery 2 and a detection unit 4.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 contains a filler that disperses the external field according to deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 in a dispersed manner.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 of the present embodiment is formed in a sheet shape from an elastomer material that can be flexibly deformed.
- the detector 4 detects a change in the external field. When the secondary battery 2 swells and deforms, the polymer matrix layer 3 is deformed accordingly, and a change in the external field accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is detected by the detection unit 4. In this way, deformation of the secondary battery 1 can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the expansion of the reaction distribution can be easily detected by comparing the charge / discharge capacity Qw3 and the charge / discharge capacity Qws3 or by comparing the charge / discharge capacity Qw4 and the charge / discharge capacity Qws4.
- the charge / discharge capacities to be compared for determination are calculated based on the base width of the peak, but are not limited to this, and may be calculated based on another width of the peak.
- the charge / discharge capacity may be calculated based on the half width of the peak (the width at the half position of the peak height), and the deterioration mode may be determined by comparison. Even with this method, it is possible to determine the expansion of the reaction distribution before and after deterioration.
- the set upper limit voltage is reached and the constant current charge is switched to the constant voltage charge before reaching the double capacity of the charge capacity at the rising edge of the peak, so that lithium metal does not precipitate.
- the reaction distribution expands, and the charge capacity at the peak rises to the low capacity side. shift. In that case, in the control method of switching to constant voltage charging after reaching the set upper limit voltage, lithium metal deposition is unavoidable.
- the constant current is within a range not exceeding twice the value obtained by adding the remaining capacity at the start of charging to the charging capacity Qp41 at the rising edge of the peak appearing in the second curve L3. It preferably includes a step of charging. In such a method, even if deterioration due to expansion of the reaction distribution occurs, the change in the active material having the fastest charging speed to the stage 2 is detected and the constant current charging is terminated, so that lithium metal is not deposited. As a result, safety can be improved and the progress of deterioration can be suppressed. After the constant current charging is finished, the charging may be finished or switched to constant voltage charging.
- the charge capacity up to the charge capacity Qp41 changes according to the remaining capacity at the start of charging.
- the capacity for depositing lithium metal is a charge capacity that is twice or more the value obtained by adding the remaining capacity at the start of charging (substantially zero if fully discharged) to the charging capacity Qp41. Therefore, in the above step, constant current charging is performed within a range not exceeding twice the value obtained by adding the remaining capacity at the start of charging to the charging capacity Qp41. For this reason, it is not necessary to set it in a completely discharged state in order to diagnose deterioration and to select suitable charging conditions.
- the polymer matrix layer is formed on the wall portion 28 a of the exterior body 21 that faces the electrode group 22 in the thickness direction of the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode 24, that is, the Z direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2B). 3 is pasted.
- the outer surface of the wall portion 28 a corresponds to the upper surface of the exterior body 21.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is opposed to the electrode group 22 with the wall portion 28 a interposed therebetween, and is disposed in parallel with the upper surface of the electrode group 22. Since the electrode swelling is caused by the change in the thickness of the electrode group 22 accompanying the change in the volume of the active material, the action in the Z direction is large. Therefore, in the present embodiment in which the polymer matrix layer 3 is attached to the wall portion 28a, it is possible to detect the swollen electrode with high sensitivity, and thus to accurately perform the deterioration diagnosis.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is attached to the electrode group 22 from the thickness direction of the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode 24, that is, the Z direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3B).
- the detection unit 4 is disposed at a location where a change in the external field can be detected, and is preferably affixed to a relatively rigid location that is not easily affected by the swelling of the secondary battery 2.
- the detection unit 4 is attached to the inner surface of the casing 11 of the battery module facing the wall 28a.
- the casing 11 of the battery module is formed of, for example, metal or plastic, and a laminate film may be used.
- the detection unit 4 is disposed close to the polymer matrix layer 3, but may be disposed away from the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 contains a magnetic filler as the filler, and the detection unit 4 detects a change in the magnetic field as the external field.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is preferably a magnetic elastomer layer in which a magnetic filler is dispersed in a matrix made of an elastomer component.
- the magnetic filler examples include rare earths, irons, cobalts, nickels, oxides, etc., but rare earths capable of obtaining higher magnetic force are preferable.
- the shape of the magnetic filler is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, flat, needle-like, columnar, or indefinite.
- the average particle size of the magnetic filler is preferably 0.02 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 400 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0.5 to 300 ⁇ m. When the average particle size is smaller than 0.02 ⁇ m, the magnetic properties of the magnetic filler tend to be lowered, and when the average particle size exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the mechanical properties of the magnetic elastomer layer tend to be lowered and become brittle.
- the magnetic filler may be introduced into the elastomer after magnetization, but is preferably magnetized after being introduced into the elastomer. Magnetization after introduction into the elastomer facilitates control of the polarity of the magnet and facilitates detection of the magnetic field.
- thermoplastic elastomer a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermosetting elastomer, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer, polybutadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyisoprene-based thermoplastic elastomer, A fluororubber-based thermoplastic elastomer can be used.
- Polyurethane elastomer is obtained by reacting polyol and polyisocyanate.
- an active hydrogen-containing compound and a magnetic filler are mixed, and an isocyanate component is mixed here to obtain a mixed solution.
- a liquid mixture can also be obtained by mixing a magnetic filler with an isocyanate component and mixing an active hydrogen-containing compound. The mixed liquid is poured into a mold subjected to a release treatment, and then heated to a curing temperature and cured to produce a magnetic elastomer.
- a magnetic elastomer can be produced by adding a magnetic filler to a silicone elastomer precursor, mixing it, putting it in a mold, and then heating and curing it. In addition, you may add a solvent as needed.
- isocyanate component that can be used in the polyurethane elastomer
- compounds known in the field of polyurethane can be used.
- the isocyanate component may be modified such as urethane modification, allophanate modification, biuret modification, and isocyanurate modification.
- Preferred isocyanate components are 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, more preferably 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.
- polyurethane those usually used in the technical field of polyurethane can be used.
- Polyester polyol such as polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, reaction product of polyester glycol and alkylene carbonate such as polycaprolactone, and the like, and the reaction of the resulting reaction mixture with organic polyol.
- Polyester polycarbonate polyol reacted with dicarboxylic acid, esterification of polyhydroxyl compound and aryl carbonate High molecular weight polyol polycarbonate polyols obtained by the reaction can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred active hydrogen-containing compounds are polytetramethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, 3-methyl-1,5-pentane adipate, more preferably a copolymer of polypropylene glycol, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. It is a coalescence.
- the isocyanate component As a preferred combination of the isocyanate component and the active hydrogen-containing compound, as the isocyanate component, one or more of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, active hydrogen
- the contained compound include polytetramethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, and one or more of 3-methyl-1,5-pentaneadipate.
- a combination of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate as the isocyanate component and polypropylene glycol and / or a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide as the active hydrogen-containing compound. is there.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may be a foam containing dispersed filler and bubbles.
- a general resin foam can be used as the foam, but it is preferable to use a thermosetting resin foam in consideration of characteristics such as compression set.
- the thermosetting resin foam include a polyurethane resin foam and a silicone resin foam. Among these, a polyurethane resin foam is preferable.
- the above-mentioned isocyanate component and active hydrogen-containing compound can be used for the polyurethane resin foam.
- the amount of the magnetic filler in the magnetic elastomer is preferably 1 to 450 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 400 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the elastomer component. If it is less than 1 part by weight, it tends to be difficult to detect a change in the magnetic field, and if it exceeds 450 parts by weight, the magnetic elastomer itself may become brittle.
- a sealing material for sealing the polymer matrix layer 3 may be provided to the extent that the flexibility of the polymer matrix layer 3 is not impaired.
- a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or a mixture thereof can be used as the sealing material.
- thermoplastic resin examples include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomers, polybutadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyisoprene-based thermoplastic elastomers, Fluorine-based thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, fluororesin, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polybutadiene Etc.
- the filler After introducing the filler into the elastomer component, it can be allowed to stand at room temperature or at a predetermined temperature, and then spontaneously settled according to the weight of the filler, by changing the temperature and time of standing.
- the filler uneven distribution rate can be adjusted.
- the filler may be unevenly distributed using a physical force such as centrifugal force or magnetic force.
- the polymer matrix layer may be constituted by a laminate composed of a plurality of layers having different filler contents.
- the other region with relatively little filler may have a structure formed of a foam containing bubbles.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is further easily deformed and the sensor sensitivity is enhanced.
- region of one side may be formed with the foam with the area
- Such a polymer matrix layer in which at least a part in the thickness direction is a foam is composed of a laminate composed of a plurality of layers (for example, a non-foamed layer containing a filler and a foamed layer not containing a filler). It doesn't matter.
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Abstract
Description
2 密閉型二次電池
3 高分子マトリックス層
4 検出部
5 検出センサ
6 制御装置
7 スイッチング回路
8 発電装置または充電装置
21 外装体
22 電極群
23 正極
24 負極
25 セパレータ
L1 第1曲線
L2 第2曲線
P1 ステージ変化点
P2 ステージ変化点
Claims (8)
- 密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法において、
前記密閉型二次電池の変形を検出し、満充電状態からの放電容量または満充電状態までの充電容量と、検出した前記密閉型二次電池の変形量との関係を表す第1曲線を求めるステップと、
その充放電容量と前記第1曲線の傾きとの関係を表す第2曲線を求めるステップと、
前記第2曲線に現れるピークの幅に基づいて算出される充放電容量が、それに対応する所定の基準状態でのピークの幅に基づいて算出される充放電容量よりも大きい場合に、反応分布の拡大による劣化モードと判定するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法。 - 反応分布の拡大による劣化モードと判定した場合に、前記第2曲線に現れるピークの立ち上がりの充電容量に充電開始時の残容量を加えた値の2倍を超えない範囲で定電流充電するステップを含む請求項1に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法。
- 前記密閉型二次電池に高分子マトリックス層を貼り付け、前記高分子マトリックス層は、その高分子マトリックス層の変形に応じて外場に変化を与えるフィラーを分散させて含有したものであり、
その高分子マトリックス層の変形に応じた前記外場の変化を検出することにより、前記密閉型二次電池の変形を検出する請求項1または2に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法。 - 前記高分子マトリックス層が前記フィラーとしての磁性フィラーを含有し、
前記外場としての磁場の変化を検出することにより、前記密閉型二次電池の変形を検出する請求項3に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断方法。 - 密閉型二次電池の劣化診断システムにおいて、
前記密閉型二次電池の変形を検出する検出センサと、
満充電状態からの放電容量または満充電状態までの充電容量と、前記検出センサで検出した前記密閉型二次電池の変形量との関係を表す第1曲線、及び、その充放電容量と前記第1曲線の傾きとの関係を表す第2曲線を求め、前記第2曲線に現れるピークの幅に基づいて算出される充放電容量が、それに対応する所定の基準状態でのピークの幅に基づいて算出される充放電容量よりも大きい場合に、反応分布の拡大による劣化モードと判定することを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の劣化診断システム。 - 反応分布の拡大による劣化モードと判定した場合に、前記第2曲線に現れるピークの立ち上がりの充電容量に充電開始時の残容量を加えた値の2倍を超えない範囲で定電流充電する請求項5に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断システム。
- 前記検出センサが、前記密閉型二次電池に貼り付けられる高分子マトリックス層と、検出部とを備え、
前記高分子マトリックス層が、その高分子マトリックス層の変形に応じて外場に変化を与えるフィラーを分散させて含有し、前記検出部が前記外場の変化を検出する請求項5または6に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断システム。 - 前記高分子マトリックス層が前記フィラーとしての磁性フィラーを含有し、前記検出部が前記外場としての磁場の変化を検出する請求項7に記載の密閉型二次電池の劣化診断システム。
Priority Applications (4)
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EP15883283.2A EP3264516A4 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-05-29 | Deterioration assessment method and deterioration assessment system for sealed-type secondary battery |
KR1020177023256A KR101868588B1 (ko) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-05-29 | 밀폐형 2차 전지의 열화 진단 방법 및 열화 진단 시스템 |
CN201580063543.0A CN107004917A (zh) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-05-29 | 密闭型二次电池的劣化诊断方法及劣化诊断系统 |
US15/523,505 US20170307693A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-05-29 | Deterioration assessment method and deterioration assessment system for sealed-type secondary battery |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2017087807A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | State of battery health estimation based on swelling characteristics |
WO2018078912A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 密閉型二次電池の変形検出センサ、及び密閉型二次電池 |
WO2019044067A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-07 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | 二次電池の状態予測方法、充電制御方法、及びシステム |
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TWI570422B (zh) | 2017-02-11 |
TW201631328A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
JP6209173B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
JP2016158467A (ja) | 2016-09-01 |
CN107004917A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
EP3264516A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20170307693A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
KR20170107506A (ko) | 2017-09-25 |
EP3264516A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
KR101868588B1 (ko) | 2018-06-19 |
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