WO2016125400A1 - 信号処理装置、レーダ装置、及び信号処理方法 - Google Patents
信号処理装置、レーダ装置、及び信号処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125400A1 WO2016125400A1 PCT/JP2015/085008 JP2015085008W WO2016125400A1 WO 2016125400 A1 WO2016125400 A1 WO 2016125400A1 JP 2015085008 W JP2015085008 W JP 2015085008W WO 2016125400 A1 WO2016125400 A1 WO 2016125400A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/04—Display arrangements
- G01S7/06—Cathode-ray tube displays or other two dimensional or three-dimensional displays
- G01S7/10—Providing two-dimensional and co-ordinated display of distance and direction
- G01S7/12—Plan-position indicators, i.e. P.P.I.
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
- G01S13/767—Responders; Transponders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
- G01S13/26—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
- G01S13/28—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
- G01S13/30—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves using more than one pulse per radar period
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
- G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G3/00—Traffic control systems for marine craft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a signal processing device, a radar device, and a signal processing method.
- SART Search And Rescue Transponder
- SART distress signal a distress signal in the same 9 GHz band immediately after receiving a 9 GHz band radar radio wave from a ship or an aircraft.
- This SART distress signal is a pulse-like response signal swept in a sawtooth frequency. Since the receiving bandwidth of the marine radar is set so that the frequency sweep band of the distress signal crosses, the radar apparatus can receive the distress signal as pulses at regular intervals, and the SART distress signal is displayed in the radar image. It appears as a plurality of short points in the distance direction starting from the position.
- a radar apparatus for detecting the SART distress signal as described above for example, a radar apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the presence or absence of a SART distress signal is determined by cross-correlating a signal having a constant period substantially equal to the SART distress signal and the detection data detected by the radar apparatus.
- the SART distress signal is detected by the radar apparatus described above, when some of the plural (specifically, 12) pulses constituting the SART distress signal are masked by another echo signal, the SART distress signal is detected. There is a risk that the signal cannot be accurately detected.
- correlation calculation between waveform signals having a certain length (about the reception period of the SART distress signal) is required, so that the signal processing load becomes relatively large.
- the present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to accurately detect a distress signal from a search and rescue radar transponder and to reduce a calculation load for the detection.
- a signal processing device is a signal processing device that detects a distress signal from a search and rescue radar transponder, and is received by a receiving unit. Stores values based on the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit that calculates the instantaneous frequency change rate that is the change rate of the instantaneous frequency of the complex received signal generated from the wave, and the reference frequency sweep rate that is the frequency sweep rate of the distress signal.
- the search unit based on a comparison result between the storage unit, the instantaneous frequency change rate calculated by the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit, and a value based on the reference frequency sweep rate stored in the storage unit
- a distress signal determination unit that determines the presence or absence of the distress signal from the rescue radar transponder.
- the signal processing device further includes an instantaneous frequency calculation unit that calculates the instantaneous frequency by time-differentiating the phase of the complex reception signal, and the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit includes the instantaneous frequency The instantaneous frequency change rate is calculated by time-differentiating the instantaneous frequency calculated by the calculation unit.
- the storage unit stores an upper limit threshold having a value equal to or higher than the reference frequency sweep speed and a lower limit threshold having a value equal to or lower than the reference frequency sweep speed, and the distress signal determination unit It is determined that the distress signal is included in the complex reception signal on the condition that the instantaneous frequency change rate is not more than the upper threshold and not less than the lower threshold.
- the instantaneous frequency change rate calculating unit calculates the instantaneous frequency change rate at a plurality of timings, and the distress signal determining unit is not more than the upper limit threshold and not less than the lower limit threshold. It is determined that the distress signal is included in the complex reception signal on condition that the change rate appears continuously for a predetermined number or more.
- a radar apparatus includes a reception unit that receives a reception wave, and a complex reception that is generated from the reception wave received by the reception unit.
- One of the signal processing devices described above that detects a distress signal from a search and rescue radar transponder and generates a radar image in a detection area by processing the signal, and the distress detected by the signal processing device A display for displaying information on the signal and the radar image.
- the signal processing apparatus transmits a transmission wave in an area where the distress signal is not detected in the first area.
- the radar image is generated by subjecting the complex reception signal obtained from the reflected wave of the frequency modulation pulse to pulse compression processing. In the region where the distress signal is detected in the first region, the frequency non-modulation as a transmission wave is generated. The radar image is generated using the complex reception signal obtained from the reflected wave of the pulse.
- a signal processing method for detecting a distress signal from a search and rescue radar transponder, which is received by a receiving unit.
- the distress signal from the search / rescue radar transponder can be accurately detected, and the calculation load for the detection can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radar apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the transmission timing of the radar apparatus shown in FIG. It is a radar image block diagram of the radar apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the timing of a SART distress signal and a radar received signal. It is a radar image block diagram of a SART distress signal.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transponder response wave detection unit shown in FIG. 1. It is a flowchart which shows operation
- the present invention can be widely applied as a signal processing device, a radar device, and a signal processing method for processing a reception signal generated from a reception wave.
- the radar device 1 is constituted by a pulse compression radar device which is one of solidification radar devices.
- the radar apparatus 1 detects a distress signal (SART distress signal) that is a response signal of a transponder (in the case of the present embodiment, a search and rescue radar transponder), and generates a radar image.
- a distress signal SART distress signal
- transponder in the case of the present embodiment, a search and rescue radar transponder
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the radar device 1.
- the radar apparatus 1 includes a transmission timing control unit 2a, a transmission waveform generation unit 2b, and a transmitter 3 as components of the transmission side system.
- the radar apparatus 1 includes a receiver 6, a non-modulated echo signal processing unit 7, a modulation echo signal processing unit 8, a pulse synthesis unit 9, and a transponder response wave detection unit 10 as components of the reception side system.
- the radar apparatus 1 further includes a circulator 4, a radar antenna 5, a radar image drawing unit 11, and a display 13.
- transmission timing control unit 2a transmission waveform generation unit 2b, transmitter 3, circulator 4, receiver 6, unmodulated echo signal processing unit 7, modulation echo signal processing unit 8, pulse synthesis unit 9, transponder response wave detection unit 10 and the radar image drawing unit 11 constitute a signal processing device 15.
- the transmission timing control unit 2a outputs a transmission trigger for controlling the output timing of the radar pulse output from the transmission waveform generation unit 2b.
- the transmission timing control unit 2a controls the transmission / reception period of the modulation pulse and the transmission / reception period of the non-modulation pulse by a transmission trigger.
- the transmission / reception timing is controlled so as to extend the transmission / reception period of the unmodulated pulse to the end point of the appearance area of the distress signal.
- the transmission waveform generator 2 outputs a radar pulse based on the transmission trigger output from the transmission timing controller 2a.
- This pulse compression radar apparatus is configured to transmit a non-modulated pulse that is not frequency-modulated and a modulated pulse that is frequency-modulated while switching as a radar pulse.
- the unmodulated pulse is generated to have a short pulse width of, for example, about 0.1 ⁇ s to 1 ⁇ s
- the modulated pulse is generated to have a long pulse width of, for example, about several ⁇ s to several tens of ⁇ s.
- the transmission waveform generation unit 2b alternately transmits a non-modulation pulse and a modulation pulse as transmission pulses in a time division manner in synchronization with the transmission trigger.
- the transmitter 3 upconverts the radar pulse output from the transmission waveform generation unit 2b to a predetermined band and outputs it after power amplification.
- the generated radar pulse is supplied to the radar antenna 5 via the circulator 4.
- the radar antenna 5 is a transmission / reception antenna (receiver) that is used for both transmission and reception.
- the radar antenna 5 rotates with beam directivity.
- the receiver 6 includes an amplifier that amplifies the received signal, a mixer that down-converts a signal in a desired frequency band included in the received signal, and various filters that output a complex signal (complex received signal) by orthogonally detecting the down-converted signal. (LPF) and an AD converter.
- LPF complex signal
- AD converter an AD converter
- the unmodulated echo signal processing unit 7 is configured by a filter or the like (for example, LPF or BPF) having a pass band having a frequency width corresponding to the reciprocal of the pulse width of the unmodulated pulse signal.
- the non-modulated echo signal processing unit 7 takes in the received signal during the transmission / reception period of the non-modulated pulse, receives the received echo, and extracts the received echo data in the short-distance region (second region).
- the modulation echo signal processing unit 8 includes a matched filter in which a coefficient having a high correlation with the modulation pulse signal that is a frequency-modulated transmission pulse is set.
- the modulation echo signal processing unit 8 takes in the reception signal during the modulation pulse transmission / reception period, compresses the reception echo, and extracts the reception echo data in the long-distance region which is the first region. Since the received echo that is pulse-compressed is a reflected wave of the modulated pulse signal, the matched filter shows a peak with respect to the received echo of the modulated pulse signal. That is, a reception echo having a long pulse width corresponding to the pulse width of the modulated pulse signal is converted into one peak waveform that is pulse-compressed. The pulse-compressed peak waveform shows a peak level corresponding to the pulse width of the modulated pulse signal. Since the modulated pulse signal has a longer pulse width than the non-modulated pulse, the S / N ratio is improved.
- the pulse synthesizer 9 synthesizes the received echo of the unmodulated pulse output from the unmodulated echo signal processor 7 and the received echo of the modulated pulse output from the modulated echo signal processor 8. Since the reception echo of the unmodulated pulse output from the unmodulated echo signal processing unit 7 represents a short-range reception echo, and the reception echo of the modulation pulse output from the modulation echo signal processing unit 8 represents a long-range reception echo. By combining these two received echoes, a wide range of received echoes from a short distance to a long distance can be obtained. The short-range dead zone in the transmission / reception period of the modulated pulse is compensated by the image of the reception echo of the non-modulated pulse.
- the radar image drawing unit 11 transfers the received signal (radar echo) of the R ⁇ coordinate system output from the pulse synthesizing unit 9 to the display unit 13 while converting it into the XY coordinate system.
- the pulse synthesizing unit 9 and the radar image drawing unit 11 constitute a radar image generating unit 12 that generates a radar image.
- the radar image generation unit 12 generates a radar image by combining the short-range received echo data and the long-distance received echo data, and a transponder response wave appears based on the detection result of the transponder response wave detection unit 10. In the area, a radar image is formed without using a pulse-compressed received signal.
- the display 13 displays the radar image input from the radar image generator 12.
- a reception echo obtained by time-division transmission of an unmodulated pulse and a modulated pulse will be described.
- transmission and reception are performed by a single radar antenna 5.
- the transmission wave goes directly to the receiver 6 during the transmission period. Since this wraparound radio wave is extremely strong against the received echo, the received echo is masked. Therefore, the distance range corresponding to the pulse width of the transmission pulse is a dead zone.
- a modulation pulse having a relatively long pulse width is transmitted in order to improve the S / N ratio after the pulse compression processing. As a result, the dead zone becomes wider. For example, when the pulse width of the modulation pulse is 10 ⁇ s, a range of about 1500 m from the ship radar is a dead zone.
- the pulse compression radar is configured to compensate for the dead zone of radar detection by the modulated pulse by transmitting and receiving the unmodulated pulse. That is, the transmission / reception of a modulated pulse that performs pulse compression processing at the time of echo reception and the transmission / reception of a non-modulated pulse that does not perform pulse compression processing are performed in a time-sharing manner, and then combined to generate a radar image.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a radar image formed by synthesizing a reception echo obtained by time-division transmission of an unmodulated pulse and a modulated pulse. In the figure, the cross mark at the center is the position of the pulse compression radar apparatus.
- a short distance range (second region) centered on the position of the pulse compression radar apparatus is a video display region based on a received echo detected during transmission / reception of an unmodulated pulse.
- the long-distance range (first region) formed outside the short-distance range is a video display region based on the received echo detected when the modulated pulse is transmitted and received. Note that a pulse compression gain (S / N improvement) cannot be obtained during the transmission / reception period of the non-modulated pulse. However, if the applicable distance range of the unmodulated pulse is limited to the vicinity of the ship as much as possible (about the pulse width of the modulated pulse), there is no practical problem.
- the transponder response wave detection unit 10 has a function of detecting a SART distress signal from received signals in a pulse compression radar. The operations of the transmission timing control unit 2a and the pulse synthesis unit 9 are controlled according to the detection result by the transponder response wave detection unit 10.
- SART is assumed as a transponder.
- the transponder response wave in this case is a SART distress signal.
- the SART distress signal is a pulse whose frequency is swept in a saw-like manner and is defined as shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic timing chart from when a SART receives a radar radio wave and transmits a SART distress signal until a radar reception signal is obtained by the radar device.
- the SART receives a radar radio wave (FIG. 4A)
- it transmits a SART distress signal for a transmission period of 100 ⁇ s (FIG. 4B).
- the frequency sweep band of the SART distress signal is 9200-9500 MHz, and twelve pulses swept in a sawtooth manner are continuously transmitted in one transmission operation (FIG. 4C).
- the reception bandwidth of a general marine radar is, for example, about 1 to 40 MHz with 9400 MHz as the center frequency.
- the radar apparatus receives the SART distress signal as a pulse when the SART distress signal crosses the radar reception band in the downstream frequency sweep process (FIG. 4D).
- the SART distress signal is received when the SART distress signal crosses the radar reception band even in the upward frequency sweep process.
- the up frequency sweep has a steeper slope than the down frequency sweep. It is not detected as a pulse or the signal level becomes very small.
- FIG. 4D shows the SART distress signal received as a radar reception signal when the SART distress signal is received in the downstream frequency sweep process.
- the radar image displayed on the display 13 appears as 12 short points in the distance direction starting from the SART position. The radar operator can immediately know the presence of the ship from this characteristic pattern, and can report to a predetermined management station and go to rescue.
- the transponder response wave detection unit 10 detects the SART distress signal from the received signal. A specific configuration example of the transponder response wave detection unit 10 will be described below.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing functional blocks of the transponder response wave detection unit 10.
- the transponder response wave detection unit 10 includes an instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20, an instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21, a storage unit 22, a first comparison determination unit 23, a reception level calculation unit 24, a second comparison determination unit 25, and a logical product calculation unit. 26, a counter unit 27, and a distress signal determination unit 28.
- the instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20 outputs an instantaneous frequency f (t) of the complex reception signal output from the receiver 6. Is calculated. Specifically, the instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20 calculates the instantaneous frequency f (t) by time-differentiating the phase of the complex reception signal. The instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20 calculates the instantaneous frequency f (t) at each timing at regular intervals, and sequentially outputs the calculated instantaneous frequency f (t) at each timing to the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21. .
- the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21 calculates the change rate of the instantaneous frequency f (t) (instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t)) based on the instantaneous frequency f (t) calculated by the instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20. . Specifically, the instantaneous frequency change speed calculation unit 21 calculates the instantaneous frequency change speed ⁇ f (t) by differentiating the instantaneous frequency f (t) with respect to time.
- the instantaneous frequency change rate calculating unit 21 sequentially calculates an instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) for each of the instantaneous frequencies f (t) output from the instantaneous frequency calculating unit 20 and outputs the calculated instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t). Sequentially output to 23.
- the storage unit 22 upper threshold Th_ HiGH, lower threshold Th_ LOW, and the first threshold value Th1 are stored.
- the upper limit threshold Th_ HiGH slightly higher values are set than the frequency sweep rate of the SART distress signal which is defined by the standard (reference frequency sweep rate).
- the lower threshold Th_ LOW slightly lower values are set than the reference frequency sweep rate described above.
- the first threshold Th1 a value corresponding to the signal strength of the SART distress signal is set.
- the value of the first threshold Th1 is preferably lower than the signal strength of the SART distress signal and higher than the signal strength of noise and small echo.
- the first threshold Th1 is preferably a curve that gradually decreases from a short distance to a long distance. This first threshold value Th1 is used to exclude noise and small echoes from the detection target.
- the first comparison / determination unit 23 sequentially sets 1 or 0 as the flag 1 to the logical product calculation unit 26 according to the value of the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) sequentially output from the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21. Output. More specifically, the first comparison determination part 23, when the instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) is less than the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or more and the upper limit threshold Th_ HiGH is one of a flag 1 to the logical product operation unit 26 Output.
- the first comparison determination part 23 instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) is the case more than the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or less than the upper threshold Th_ HiGH outputs 0 as the flag 1 to the logical product operation unit 26. That is, the first comparison determination unit 23 outputs 1 when the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) from the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21 is substantially the same as the frequency sweep rate of the SART distress signal, When the instantaneous frequency change speed ⁇ f (t) is significantly different from the frequency sweep speed of the SART distress signal, 0 is output.
- the reception level calculation unit 24 calculates the level of the complex reception signal output from the receiver 6 (reception signal level L (t)). The reception level calculation unit 24 calculates the reception signal level L (t) of the complex reception signal output at each timing sequentially from the receiver 6.
- the second comparison / determination unit 25 sequentially outputs 1 or 0 as the flag 2 to the logical product operation unit 26 according to the value of the reception signal level L (t) output from the reception level calculation unit 24 sequentially. Specifically, the second comparison determination unit 25 outputs 1 as the flag 2 to the logical product calculation unit 26 when the value of the reception signal level L (t) is equal to or higher than the first threshold Th1. On the other hand, when the value of the reception signal level L (t) is less than the first threshold value Th1, the second comparison / determination unit 25 outputs 0 as the flag 1 to the AND operation unit 26.
- the second comparison determination unit 25 outputs 1 when the value of the reception signal level L (t) is relatively large and the reception signal is likely to be a SART distress signal, while the reception signal When the value of the level L (t) is relatively small and the possibility that the received signal is a SART distress signal is low, 0 is output.
- the AND operation unit 26 calculates the logical value of the value of the flag 1 (0 or 1) output from the first comparison determination unit 23 and the value of the flag 2 (0 or 1) output from the second comparison determination unit 25. The product is calculated, and the calculation result is output to the counter unit 27 as the flag 3. In other words, the AND operation unit 26 outputs 1 as the flag 3 to the counter unit 27 when the value of the flag 1 is 1 and the value of the flag 2 corresponding to the flag 1 is 1. In other cases, 0 as the flag 3 is output to the counter unit 27. That is, the AND operation unit 26 determines that the flag 3 is used when certain sample data is highly likely to be a SART distress signal in terms of the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) and the received signal level L (t).
- the AND operation unit 26 responds to the value of the flag 1 sequentially output from the first comparison determination unit 23 and the value of the flag 2 corresponding to the flag 1 sequentially output from the second comparison determination unit 25.
- the flag 3 is sequentially output to the counter unit 27.
- the counter unit 27 adds 1 to the count value stored in the counter unit 27.
- the counter unit 27 resets the count value stored in the counter unit 27 to 0. That is, the count value stored in the counter unit 27 is the number of consecutive 1 values as the flag 3 output from the AND operation unit 26, and the 1 value as the flag 3 at that time. This is the value stored when is continuous.
- the distress signal determination unit 28 determines that a SART distress signal is included in the complex reception signal when the counter value stored in the counter unit 27 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (second threshold Th2).
- the transmission timing control unit 2a and the pulse synthesizing unit 9 do not reflect the received signal of the modulated pulse in the radar image in the reception period determined as the SART distress signal. Performs transmission timing control and pulse synthesis.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the transponder response wave detection unit 10. Incidentally, before the operation in the transponder response wave detection unit 10 is started, for example, during the manufacture of the radar apparatus 1, the storage unit 22, upper threshold Th_ HiGH, lower threshold Th_ LOW, and the first threshold value Th1 are stored (Step S1).
- step S2 the instantaneous frequency calculation unit 20 uses a sample at a predetermined position in the range direction as a target sample, and calculates the instantaneous frequency f (t) of the complex reception signal of the target sample. Specifically, in step S2, the instantaneous frequency f (t) of the complex reception signal is calculated by calculating the time derivative of the phase of the complex reception signal.
- step S3 the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21 calculates the change rate of the instantaneous frequency f (t) calculated in step S2 (instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t)). Specifically, in step S3, the instantaneous frequency change speed ⁇ f (t) is calculated by calculating the time derivative of the instantaneous frequency f (t).
- step S4 the first comparison determination unit 23 causes the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t ) Is equal to or less than the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or more and the upper limit threshold Th_ HiGH is determined. If the instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) is below the lower threshold Th_ LOW or more and the upper limit threshold Th_ HiGH (Yes in step S4), and the first comparison determination part 23, the first as a flag 1 to the logical product operation unit 26 Output (step S5).
- the instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) is, if it exceeds the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or less than the upper threshold Th_ HiGH (No in step S4), and the first comparison determination part 23, 0 AND operation portion as flag 1 26 (step S6).
- step S7 to step S10 described in detail below is performed in parallel with the process from step S2 to step S6 described above or before or after the process from step S2 to step S6 described above. .
- the reception level calculation unit 24 sets a sample at a predetermined position in the range direction (the same sample as the target sample in step S2 described above) as a target sample, and receives a reception signal level L (t of the complex reception signal of the target sample. ) Is calculated.
- step S8 the second comparison / determination unit 25 determines whether or not the received signal level L (t) is equal to or higher than the first threshold Th1.
- the second comparison / determination unit 25 outputs 1 as the flag 2 to the logical product operation unit 26 (Step S9).
- the second comparison / determination unit 25 outputs 0 as the flag 2 to the AND operation unit 26 (step S10). ).
- step S11 the logical product operation unit 26 calculates the logical product of the flag 1 and the flag 2.
- the process proceeds to step S14.
- the process proceeds to step S12.
- step S11 If the logical product of the flag 1 and the flag 2 is 0 in step S11, the counter value stored in the counter unit 27 is reset to 0 in step S12.
- step S13 the target sample for which the instantaneous frequency f (t) and the received signal level L (t) are to be calculated is shifted in the range direction (specifically, on the far side from the ship in the range direction). It is. Then, returning to step S2 and step S7, the instantaneous frequency f (t) and the received signal level L (t) are calculated for the newly set complex received signal of the target sample.
- step S11 when the logical product of the flag 1 and the flag 2 is 1 in step S11, 1 is added to the counter value stored in the counter unit 27 in step S14.
- step S15 the distress signal determination unit 28 determines the presence or absence of a distress signal. Specifically, in step S15, when the counter value stored in the counter unit 27 is less than the second threshold Th2 (No in step S15), the distress signal determination unit 28 does not detect the distress signal. Then, after the target sample is shifted in the range direction in step S13, the instantaneous frequency f (t) and the received signal level L (t) are calculated for the complex reception signal of the newly set target sample. (Step S2 and Step S7). On the other hand, when the counter value is equal to or greater than the second threshold Th2 (Yes in Step S15), the distress signal determination unit 28 detects the distress signal, assuming that the distress signal is included in the complex reception signal (Step S16).
- the SART distress signal is detected by the distress signal determination unit 28. Since the SART distress signal is likely to be continuously received for a predetermined time (for example, 100 ⁇ s) from the time when it was first detected, the SART distress signal does not shift to the transmission / reception period of the modulation pulse during that time, and the transmission / reception period of the non-modulation pulse Maintained. That is, the next transmission trigger is delayed so that the transmission / reception period of the non-modulated pulse is extended until the SART distress signal appearance region ends.
- the pulse synthesizing unit 9 generates a composite signal using the received signal of the non-modulated pulse until the end point of the SART distress signal, and using the received signal of the modulated pulse thereafter.
- FIG. 8 shows the transmission when the SART distress signal is not detected during the transmission / reception period of the unmodulated pulse (FIG. 8A), and when the SART distress signal is detected during the transmission / reception period of the unmodulated pulse (FIG. 8B) Each timing is shown.
- the shift to the transmission / reception period of the modulation pulse is not performed until the appearance area of the SART distress signal is completed.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of a radar image drawn when a SART distress signal is detected during the transmission / reception period of an unmodulated pulse.
- the transmission / reception period of the unmodulated pulse is maintained during the reception period of the SART distress signal.
- a radar image is drawn by a SART distress signal.
- the SART distress signal Since the radar antenna 5 rotates with beam directivity, the SART distress signal does not appear in the display area where the SART position deviates from the transmission pulse radiation range.
- the transmission / reception period of the non-modulation / modulation pulse is returned to the initial state.
- the radar image by the echo of the modulated pulse is drawn outside the image display area by the echo of the unmodulated pulse.
- FIG. 10 shows a video display example of the SART distress signal subjected to the pulse compression processing.
- the 12 short dot patterns extend in the distance direction by the pulse compression process, and the respective short points are completely connected to each other. This eliminates the 12 short points, and the radar operator cannot recognize the SART distress signal.
- the short points extend to the near distance side. As a result, the distance to the ship is lost.
- the presence of the target can be recognized by displaying an echo in the gap of the short point, but if the gap is filled by pulse compression processing, The echo is completely masked by the distress signal.
- a radar image is generated in a region (azimuth / distance range) where the SART distress signal appears without using a received signal of a modulated pulse with pulse compression processing.
- the SART distress signal can be displayed as 12 short-point patterns, and the inconvenience that the echo is completely masked by the distress signal is avoided.
- pulse synthesis is performed without using the post-pulse compression processing data (output of the modulation echo signal processing unit 8) corresponding to the determined SART distress signal reception period.
- the video data of the reception period determined as the reception period of the SART distress signal is replaced with the data after the pulse compression processing obtained in the previous transmission / reception period (transmission / reception period in which the SART distress signal was not detected).
- the SART distress signal no longer appears in any of the above cases.
- the transmission / reception period of the non-modulation / modulation pulse is returned to the initial state.
- the pulse compression radar apparatus detects the SART distress signal from the received signal, and in the region (azimuth / distance range) where the SART distress signal appears when the SART distress signal is detected, pulse compression is performed.
- a radar image is generated without using a received signal of a modulated pulse with processing.
- a radar image is generated without using a received signal of a modulated pulse with pulse compression processing in a region (azimuth / distance range) where the SART distress signal appears.
- the pulse compression processing may be performed after subtracting only the SART distress signal component from the received signal based on the level of the detected SART distress signal.
- a radar image may be generated only by transmission / reception of unmodulated pulses over the entire radar detection range until no SART distress signal appears without transmitting any modulation pulses.
- the presence or absence of a SART distress signal is determined by performing cross-correlation processing between a signal having a constant period substantially equal to the SART distress signal and detection data detected by the radar device. Yes.
- the SART distress signal may not be detected accurately. Arise.
- the conventionally known radar apparatus needs to perform correlation calculation between waveform signals having a certain length (about the reception period of the SART distress signal), so that the signal processing load becomes relatively large. .
- the presence or absence of a distress signal from the transponder is determined. In this way, even if some of the plurality of pulses constituting the SART distress signal are masked, deterioration in detection accuracy can be suppressed.
- the presence / absence of the distress signal from the search / rescue radar transponder is determined based on the comparison between the instantaneous frequency change speed obtained from the complex received signal and the frequency sweep speed of the SART distress signal.
- the signal processing load can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
- the distress signal from the search and rescue radar transponder can be accurately detected, and the calculation load for the detection can be reduced.
- the signal processing device 15 calculates the instantaneous frequency f (t) by time differentiation of the phase of the complex reception signal, and further time-differentiates the instantaneous frequency f (t) to obtain the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t). Calculated. That is, since the radar apparatus 1 calculates the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) by second-order time differentiation of the phase of the complex reception signal, the processing load when calculating the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) is increased. Can be relatively small.
- the signal processing unit 15, the instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) is the upper threshold Th_ HiGH having a reference frequency sweep rate or more values, between the lower threshold Th_ LOW having a reference frequency sweep rate following values
- a SART distress signal is detected on the condition that it is included.
- the SART distress signal can be detected on condition that the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) substantially matches the frequency sweep speed of the SART distress signal determined by the standard. it can.
- the signal processing device 15 on condition that the at the upper threshold Th_ HiGH less and the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) appears consecutively more than a predetermined number, among the received complex signal Is determined to include the distress signal. Accordingly, since the accidental upper threshold Th_ HiGH less and the lower limit threshold Th_ LOW or more and since the instantaneous frequency change rate Delta] f (t) can be eliminated, can be detected more accurately SART distress signal.
- the radar apparatus 1 it is possible to configure a radar apparatus including the signal processing apparatus 15 that can accurately detect a distress signal and has a small calculation load for the detection.
- the radar image is generated without performing the pulse compression processing in the region where the distress signal is detected among the detection regions detected by the radar device.
- the problem (see FIG. 10) of extending the SART distress signal in the distance direction in the device 13 can be solved.
- the video of the SART distress signal (12 short points) is displayed in the radar image as the information related to the distress signal.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the position of the rescue target (distress ship or the like) estimated based on the detected SART distress signal may be displayed on the radar image with an icon or the like.
- the position (latitude, longitude, etc.) of the rescue target estimated based on the detected SART distress signal may be displayed on a portion other than the portion where the radar image is displayed on the display of the display.
- the distress signal determination unit 28 continuously displays a plurality of instantaneous frequency change rates ⁇ f (t) calculated by the instantaneous frequency change rate calculation unit 21 (second threshold Th2 or more).
- the distress signal was detected on the condition, it is not restricted to this.
- the instantaneous frequency change rate ⁇ f (t) calculated by the instantaneous frequency change rate calculating unit 21 is a predetermined cycle (specifically, 7.5 ⁇ which is the cycle of the SART distress signal).
- a distress signal may be detected on the condition that it appears (with a period of 1 ⁇ s).
- Radar device 5 Radar antenna (receiver) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Signal processing apparatus 21 Instantaneous frequency change speed calculation part 22 Memory
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Abstract
Description
により前記瞬時周波数変化速度を算出する。
パルス幅程度)に制限すれば、実用上問題にはならない。
トランスポンダ応答波検出部10は、受信信号の中からSART遭難信号を検出する。以下にトランスポンダ応答波検出部10の具体的な構成例について説明する。
を算出する。具体的には、瞬時周波数算出部20は、複素受信信号の位相を時間微分することにより、瞬時周波数f(t)を算出する。瞬時周波数算出部20は、一定の間隔で、各タイミングにおける瞬時周波数f(t)を算出し、算出した各タイミングにおける瞬時周波数f(t)を、瞬時周波数変化速度算出部21へ順次、出力する。
、第2比較判定部25から出力されるフラグ2の値(0又は1)との論理積を算出し、その算出結果をフラグ3としてカウンタ部27へ出力する。言い換えれば、論理積演算部26は、フラグ1の値が1であり、且つ当該フラグ1と対応するフラグ2の値が1である場合に、フラグ3としての1をカウンタ部27へ出力し、それ以外の場合には、フラグ3としての0をカウンタ部27へ出力する。すなわち、論理積演算部26は、あるサンプルデータが、瞬時周波数変化速度Δf(t)及び受信信号レベルL(t)の値の観点においてSART遭難信号である可能性が高い場合には、フラグ3として1を出力し、そうでない場合には、フラグ3として0を出力する。論理積演算部26は、第1比較判定部23から順次、出力されるフラグ1の値と、第2比較判定部25から順次、出力される、フラグ1に対応するフラグ2の値とに応じて、順次、フラグ3をカウンタ部27へ出力する。
次に、以上のように構成された本実施形態に係るレーダ装置1の動作について具体的に説明する。以下では、まず、トランスポンダ応答波検出部10におけるSART遭難信号の検出動作について、図7を用いて説明する。そして次に、無変調パルスの送受信期間にSART遭難信号が検出された場合、変調パルスの送受信期間にSART遭難信号が検出された場合、の動作について説明する。
)が下限閾値Th_LOW以上且つ上限閾値Th_HiGH以下であるか否かが判定される。瞬時周波数変化速度Δf(t)が下限閾値Th_LOW以上且つ上限閾値Th_HiGH以下である場合(ステップS4のYes)、第1比較判定部23は、フラグ1としての1を論理積演算部26へ出力する(ステップS5)。一方、瞬時周波数変化速度Δf(t)が、下限閾値Th_LOW未満又は上限閾値Th_HiGHを超える場合(ステップS4のNo)、第1比較判定部23は、フラグ1としての0を論理積演算部26へ出力する(ステップS6)。
説明する。上記したように、遭難信号判定部28によってSART遭難信号が検出される。SART遭難信号は、最初に検出された時刻から所定時間(例えば100μs)は継続して受信される可能性が高いため、その間は変調パルスの送受信期間に移行せず、無変調パルスの送受信期間が維持される。すなわち、SART遭難信号の出現領域が終了するまで無変調パルスの送受信期間が延長されるように、次の送信トリガが遅らせられる。パルス合成部9は、SART遭難信号の終了点までは無変調パルスの受信信号を用いて、それ以降では変調パルスの受信信号を用いて合成信号を生成する。
間の映像データには、例えば前回の送受信期間(SART遭難信号を検出しなかった送受信期間)で得たパルス圧縮処理後データで代用する。
されている。こうすると、SART遭難信号を構成する複数個のパルスのうちのいくつかがマスクされた場合であっても、検出精度の劣化を抑制することができる。しかも、レーダ装置1によれば、複素受信信号から得られる瞬時周波数変化速度と、SART遭難信号の周波数掃引速度との比較に基づいて捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの遭難信号の有無が判定されるため、信号の処理負荷を従来と比べて小さくできる。
以上のように、本実施形態の信号処理装置15では、瞬時周波数変化速度Δf(t)と上限閾値Th_HiGH及び下限閾値Th_LOWとの比較結果に基づいて、捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの遭難信号の有無が判定されている。こうすると、従来の場合と比べて、SART遭難信号を構成する複数個のパルスのうちのいくつかがマスクされた場合であっても、検出精度の劣化を抑制することができるとともに、信号の処理負荷を従来と比べて小さくできる。
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能である。
5 レーダアンテナ(受波部)
15 信号処理装置
21 瞬時周波数変化速度算出部
22 記憶部
28 遭難信号判定部
Claims (7)
- 捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの遭難信号を検出する信号処理装置であって、
受波部で受波された受信波から生成される複素受信信号、の瞬時周波数の変化速度である瞬時周波数変化速度を算出する瞬時周波数変化速度算出部と、
遭難信号の周波数掃引速度である基準周波数掃引速度、に基づく値を記憶する記憶部と、
前記瞬時周波数変化速度算出部で算出された前記瞬時周波数変化速度と、前記記憶部で記憶されている前記基準周波数掃引速度に基づく値と、の比較結果に基づいて、前記捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの前記遭難信号の有無を判定する遭難信号判定部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする、信号処理装置。 - 請求項1に記載の信号処理装置において、
前記複素受信信号の位相を時間微分することにより前記瞬時周波数を算出する瞬時周波数算出部を更に備え、
前記瞬時周波数変化速度算出部は、前記瞬時周波数算出部によって算出された前記瞬時周波数を時間微分することにより前記瞬時周波数変化速度を算出することを特徴とする、信号処理装置。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の信号処理装置において、
前記記憶部は、前記基準周波数掃引速度以上の値を有する上限閾値と、前記基準周波数掃引速度以下の値を有する下限閾値とを記憶し、
前記遭難信号判定部は、前記瞬時周波数変化速度が前記上限閾値以下且つ前記下限閾値以上であることを条件として、前記複素受信信号の中に前記遭難信号が含まれていると判定することを特徴とする、信号処理装置。 - 請求項3に記載の信号処理装置において、
前記瞬時周波数変化速度算出部は、複数のタイミングで前記瞬時周波数変化速度を算出し、
前記遭難信号判定部は、前記上限閾値以下且つ前記下限閾値以上である前記瞬時周波数変化速度が所定数以上連続して出現することを条件として、前記複素受信信号の中に前記遭難信号が含まれていると判定することを特徴とする、信号処理装置。 - 受信波を受波する受波部と、
前記受波部で受波された前記受信波から生成される複素受信信号を処理することにより、捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの遭難信号を検出するとともに探知領域内のレーダ映像を生成する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の信号処理装置と、
前記信号処理装置で検出された前記遭難信号に関する情報、及び前記レーダ映像を表示する表示器と、
を備えていることを特徴とする、レーダ装置。 - 請求項5に記載のレーダ装置において、
前記信号処理装置は、前記探知領域内における少なくとも一部の領域としての第1領域について、当該第1領域内において前記遭難信号が検出されなかった領域では、送信波としての周波数変調パルスの反射波から得られる前記複素受信信号をパルス圧縮処理することにより前記レーダ映像を生成し、前記第1領域内において前記遭難信号が検出された領域では、送信波としての周波数無変調パルスの反射波から得られる前記複素受信信号を用いて前記レーダ映像を生成することを特徴とする、レーダ装置。 - 捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの遭難信号を検出する信号処理方法であって、
受波部で受波された受信波から生成される複素受信信号、の瞬時周波数の変化速度である瞬時周波数変化速度を算出するステップと、
遭難信号の周波数変化速度である基準周波数掃引速度、に基づく値を記憶するステップと、
前記瞬時周波数変化速度を算出するステップで算出された前記瞬時周波数変化速度と、前記記憶するステップで記憶された前記基準周波数掃引速度に基づく値と、の比較結果に基づいて、前記捜索救助用レーダトランスポンダからの前記遭難信号の有無を判定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする、信号処理方法。
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JP2020041969A (ja) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-19 | 株式会社東芝 | レーダ装置 |
JP7132047B2 (ja) | 2018-09-13 | 2022-09-06 | 株式会社東芝 | レーダ装置 |
JPWO2021100402A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | ||
WO2021100402A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | 古野電気株式会社 | 固体化レーダ装置 |
JP7270060B2 (ja) | 2019-11-21 | 2023-05-09 | 古野電気株式会社 | 固体化レーダ装置 |
CN114545338A (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-27 | 南京信息工程大学 | 基于工程实现的瞬时宽带多频复合雷达信号产生方法及系统 |
CN114545338B (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 南京信息工程大学 | 基于工程实现的瞬时宽带多频复合雷达信号产生方法及系统 |
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US10677912B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
JP6343356B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 |
US20180284255A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
JPWO2016125400A1 (ja) | 2017-11-09 |
CN107209260A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
EP3255454B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
EP3255454A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CN107209260B (zh) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3255454A4 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
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