WO2016115747A1 - 一种自动化机械手臂 - Google Patents

一种自动化机械手臂 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016115747A1
WO2016115747A1 PCT/CN2015/071596 CN2015071596W WO2016115747A1 WO 2016115747 A1 WO2016115747 A1 WO 2016115747A1 CN 2015071596 W CN2015071596 W CN 2015071596W WO 2016115747 A1 WO2016115747 A1 WO 2016115747A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
robot arm
mechanical arm
clamp
jig
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/071596
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴春谅
林卫波
戚青涛
胡刚
Original Assignee
深圳市京田精密科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 深圳市京田精密科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市京田精密科技有限公司
Publication of WO2016115747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016115747A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/04Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/005Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2707/00Automatic supply or removal of metal workpieces
    • B23Q2707/02Drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of robotic arms, and more particularly to an automated robotic arm.
  • the robotic arm is an automated mechanical device that is currently the most widely used in the field of robotics, and can be seen in the fields of industrial manufacturing, medical therapy, entertainment services, military, semiconductor manufacturing, and space exploration. Although they have different shapes, they all have one thing in common, that is, they can accept instructions and accurately position them at a certain point in the three-dimensional (or two-dimensional) space.
  • the technology is a special feeding device developed by CNC lathe or machining center.
  • the present invention provides a robot arm capable of automatic operation, which can completely replace manual operation and greatly improve production efficiency.
  • an automatic mechanical arm including a frame, a servo motor is disposed on the frame, and a mechanical arm is further disposed on the frame, a mechanical arm is telescopically moved by the servo motor, and a clamp seat is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the clamp base is provided with a feeding clamp and a take-up clamp on the mechanical arm
  • a first cylinder that controls the rotation of the holder and a second cylinder that controls the horizontal movement of the holder are also provided.
  • a rack is disposed on the frame, and a gear meshing with the rack is further disposed on the frame, and the servo motor drives the gear to rotate.
  • the frame includes a base, a lifting base, a lifting column and a working main table, and the lifting seat is disposed at the On the base, the lifting column can be lifted and lowered on the lifting seat, the working main table is disposed on the lifting column, and the mechanical arm and the servo motor are disposed at The work is performed on the main station.
  • a sliding wheel and a support leg are further provided at the bottom of the base.
  • a feeding device is further disposed on the frame, and the feeding device further comprises a vibration plate, a trough, a push cylinder and a feeding device.
  • a track one end of the feeding track is located in the vibrating plate, the other end is located in the trough, the push cylinder is located at the trough, and the blank in the trough is pushed to The feeding jig.
  • the level from the vibrating plate is greater than the level of the trough, so that the blank in the vibrating plate can be in itself Gravity enters the trough through the feed rail.
  • the automated robot arm further includes a control system, and the first sensing and the second are respectively disposed at the end of the mechanical arm Inductively closing, an inductive contactor is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm adjacent to the clamp base.
  • a motor mount is further provided on the frame, and the servo motor is fixed to the motor mount.
  • a slide rail is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm adjacent to the clamp base, and the clamp seat passes through the first cylinder Fixed on the slide rail, the second cylinder controls the first cylinder to slide on the slide rail.
  • a reduction gear for regulating the conveying speed of the servo motor is further provided on the frame.
  • an automated robotic arm of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: due to the automated machine of the present invention
  • the arm is provided with a telescopic movable arm on the frame, and the telescopic movement of the arm is controlled by a servo motor, and a clamp base is arranged at the end of the arm, and a feeding jig and a retrieve jig are arranged on the jig base, respectively
  • the clip of the robot arm can be rotated by the cylinder by clamping and feeding the blank to be processed to a specific position and gripping the processed component to take it out from the lathe and send it out.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an automated robot arm according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an automated robot arm used on a conventional lathe according to the present invention
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of an automated robot arm used in a general machining center according to the present invention.
  • An automatic robot arm (hereinafter referred to as a robot arm), as shown in FIG. 1, includes a frame 100.
  • the frame 100 of the present invention is composed of four parts, namely a base 101, a lifting base 102, and a lifting column 103.
  • the working main table 104 wherein the lifting base 102 is fixed on the base 101, the lifting column 103 is disposed in the lifting base 102, and the height can be adjusted up and down along the lifting base 102, and the working main table 104 is fixed on the top end of the lifting column 103.
  • a sliding wheel 105 and a supporting leg 106 can be arranged at the bottom of the base 101. The supporting leg 106 can be lifted or/or erected, and the frame 100 can be moved by the sliding wheel 105 until suitable Position, then pull the support foot 106 down and fix the robot arm to the ground.
  • a mechanical arm 200 and a servo motor 300 are provided on the working main table 104, and the mechanical arm 200 can be on the working main table 10. 4 on the telescopic movement, for this, a slide rail (not shown) may be disposed on the work main table 104, and the mechanical arm 200 is disposed in the slide rail to be telescopically moved in the slide rail, and in the robot arm 200 A rack 201 is fixedly disposed on the same side, and a gear meshing with the rack 201 is disposed on the output shaft of the servo motor 300.
  • the rack 201 is telescopically moved by the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the servo motor 300.
  • the servo motor 300 can also be equipped with a speed reducer 400 to control the output rotation speed of the servo motor 300, to avoid the rotation speed of the servo motor 300 being too fast, difficult to control, or other accidents;
  • a motor support 301 is disposed on the work main table 104, Both the servo motor 300 and the speed reducer 400 are fixed to the motor holder 301.
  • the manner in which the servo motor 300 controls the telescopic movement of the robot arm 200 by the gear meshing with the rack 201 can also be implemented by other existing control methods, for example, by means of cylinder or cylinder pushing. The telescopic movement of the arm 200 will not be repeated here.
  • a clamp base 500 is disposed at one end of the mechanical arm 200.
  • the clamp base 500 is preferably disposed in a cylindrical shape and rotatably fixed to the mechanical arm 200, and a feeding clamp is respectively disposed at both ends thereof.
  • 501 and the retrieve jig 502 in the use of ⁇ , grips the blank and will send the blank to the lathe or machining center with the extension of the robot arm 200, and the take-up jig 502 will process the lathe or the machining center. The subsequent workpiece is taken out and the processed workpiece is removed as the robot arm 200 contracts.
  • a control cylinder is disposed between the jig base 500 and the robot arm 200, specifically, in the robot arm 200.
  • the first cylinder 202 and the second cylinder 203 are installed at the end, and the clamp base 500 is fixed to the first cylinder 202 by the rotating shaft 503, and the first cylinder 202 is slidably fixed to the mechanical arm 200 by the sliding rail structure.
  • the first cylinder 202 controls the rotation of the clamp base 500
  • the second cylinder 203 controls the horizontal movement of the clamp base 500 to the left and right.
  • the second cylinder 203 controls the clamp base 500 to move horizontally so as to be able to be close to the tooling fixture of the lathe or the machining center, thereby removing the processed blank
  • the first cylinder 202 controls the control fixture 500 to rotate and rotate 180. Degree, the blank to be processed is sent to the tooling of the lathe or machining center, after which the robot arm 200 is withdrawn, and the lathe or machining center can start processing. , so continuous circulation, you can achieve automatic loading and unloading.
  • the present invention is directed to the annular blank member to be fabricated to form a jig holder 500, a feeding jig 501, and a retracting jig 502.
  • the jig holder 500 is cylindrical, and the feeding jig 5 at both ends of the jig holder 500 is provided.
  • Both the 01 and the take-up jig 502 are in the form of a bifurcated ring, which can be opened and closed under the action of pneumatic force to clamp or lower the annular blank.
  • the present invention further provides a control system for controlling the operation of the servo motor 300 and the first cylinder 202 and the second cylinder 203, and the servo motor can be specifically set according to the working time and frequency of the lathe or the machining center in the production process. 300. Operating parameters of the first cylinder 202, the second cylinder 203, and the like.
  • the robot arm 200 rotates to realize the telescopic process.
  • the robot arm 200 has an accident that exceeds its original stroke, on the robot arm 200.
  • An induction switch is provided, specifically: a first induction switch 204 is disposed at one end of the robot arm 200, and a second induction switch 205 is disposed at the other end thereof. In the normal operating state, the first sensing switch 204 and the second sensing switch 205 are not working. When the control system has a small probability of failure, the first sensing switch 204 and the second sensing switch 205 act as protective measures to prevent The inertia of the robot arm 200 causes it to collide with a lathe or other device, causing a safety accident.
  • the specific working principle is as follows: when the mechanical arm 200 is in normal operation, the first sensing switch 204 and the second sensing switch 205 are not working.
  • the first sensing switch 204 and the second sensing switch 205 follow The movement of the arm 200 is inertially stretched. During the telescoping process, since the arm 200 is out of the limit of the servo motor 300, it will exceed the upper and lower limits of the operating position of the normal working port. Thereafter, the first sensor 204 or The second inductive switch 205 then passes through the inductive contactor 206 to signal a inductive contactor 206. Upon receipt of the signal, the inductive contactor 206 provides a response to the control system to de-energize the entire circuit. Moreover, a cushion can be attached below the end of the arm 200 to further prevent the mechanical arm 200 from being out of control and causing a hard collision.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an automatic robot arm used on a general lathe according to the present invention.
  • an automatic robot arm 1000 is disposed beside the lathe 800, and the fixture of the automatic robot arm 1000 is installed.
  • the utility model can be inserted into the fixture of the lathe 800, and when the robot arm is contracted, the fixture seat can be located outside the lathe 800, and the conveyor belt 700 is further disposed on the side of the lathe 800 near the robot arm 1000.
  • the upper clamp holder takes the lathe-processed tool out of the lathe and places it on the conveyor belt 700 , collects it by the conveyor belt 700, and transports it to a designated location.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of an automated robot arm used in a general machining center according to the present invention, similar to the application on a lathe, that is, an automated robot arm 1000 is installed at the machining center 900, and similarly, at the machining center 900.
  • a conveyor belt 700 is disposed beside the jig, so that the jig on the robot arm takes out the workpiece clamped in the machining center and then shrinks it. After being placed above the conveyor belt 700, it is placed on the conveyor belt 700 and uniformly conveyed to the designated conveyor. position.
  • An automated robot arm of the present invention is further provided with a feeding device 600, including a vibrating plate 601, a chute 602, a push cylinder 603 and a feed rail 604 for transporting to a lathe or machining center to which the robot arm is applied.
  • the processed blank, the feeding device 600 is disposed on the working main table 104. After the mechanical arm is operated, the blank to be processed is placed in the vibrating plate 601, and enters the trough 602 through the feeding rail 604, and the pushing cylinder 603 is disposed in the trough.
  • the pushing cylinder 603 pushes the blank to be processed in the trough 602 to the feeding jig 5 01 of the jig base 500.
  • the blank is clamped by the feeding jig 501 and sent to a fixture of a lathe or machining center for processing.
  • the working process of the present invention is that the control circuit of the robot arm control system is connected in series with the circuit of the lathe computer, the lathe computer provides a signal, when the lathe computer is started, the door of the lathe is smashed, and the circuit of the mechanical arm of the present invention is synchronized.
  • the robot arm 200 moves to the center of the lathe spindle to a preset position (the feeding jig 50 1 coincides with the center of the computer lathe spindle),
  • a computer lathe blanking process the second cylinder 203 with the take-up jig 502 to the right (in the direction of the computer lathe spindle) to move the workpiece on the spindle (the control program on the computer lathe loosen the spindle) After that, the take-up jig 502 is horizontally moved to the set position in the opposite direction;
  • b computer lathe loading process the retrieving jig 502 and the feeding jig 501 by the first cylinder 202 with a smooth rotation of the needle 180 degrees (direction to reverse) and positioning; feeding jig 501 to the second cylinder 203
  • the feeding jig 501 moves to the right (the direction of the lathe main shaft), feeds the workpiece into the spindle lathe of the computer lathe, then the workpiece clamp of the computer lathe clamps the workpiece, the robot feeding jig 501 loosely clamps, and the feeding jig 501 is driven by the first cylinder 202 to the opposite direction Move horizontally to the set position;
  • the robot arm 200 of the robot is then driven by the servo motor 300 backwards (outside the computer lathe door) to the preset position (the same computer lathe door closed, the processing program starts and depends on The program is automatically processed); the retracting jig 502 and the feeding jig 501 are rotated by the second cylinder 203 by 90 degrees. , the take-up jig 502 loosely clamps, and the workpiece automatically falls into the conveyor belt disposed under the clamp.
  • d automatic feeding end reclaiming process the retrieving jig 502 and the feeding jig 501 are rotated by the second cylinder 203 by 90 degrees, the feeding jig 501 is driven by the first cylinder 202 to the trough 602 direction, After the preset position, the push cylinder 603 pushes the workpiece in the trough 602 into the feeding jig 501, the feeding jig 501 clamps the workpiece, and then is driven by the second cylinder 203 to move in the opposite direction to the preset limit position ( In the trough 602, a new workpiece is automatically added by the vibrating plate 601, and the feeding jig 501 and the retrieving jig 502 are rotated by the first cylinder 202 with a reverse pin (the position of the retracting jig 502 and the feeding jig 501 is reversed); A workpiece back door is hiccuped, and the process can be cycled according to a _b_c
  • the first process is to empty the unprocessed workpiece, and the second cycle begins to formally process the product.
  • a component of an automated robot arm of the present invention is not limited to a pneumatic tool and can be replaced by a hydraulic tool; the clamp can be determined according to the shape of the workpiece to be processed, such as a long-axis type, a gear type or a profiled tool, which can be manufactured The corresponding fixture is used and the feeder is modified accordingly.

Abstract

一种自动化机械手臂,包括机架(100),机架(100)上设有伺服马达(300),在机架(100)上还设有机械臂(200),机械臂(200)在伺服马达(300)的带动下伸缩运动,在机械臂(200)的端部设有夹具座(500),夹具座(500)上设有送料夹具(501)和取料夹具(502),在机械臂(200)上还设有控制夹具座(500)旋转的第一气缸(202)和控制夹具座(500)水平移动的第二气缸(203)。机械臂的夹具座可以在气缸的作用下旋转,相应的控制送料夹具和取料夹具间歇的改变位置,分别夹取待加工的坯料和加工好的元件,进行相应的处理,实现了自动化夹料、送料和取料,能够很好的替代人工。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种自动化机械手臂
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及机械手臂领域, 更具体的说涉及一种自动化机械手臂。
背景技术
[0002] 机械手臂是目前在机械人技术领域中得到最广泛实际应用的自动化机械装置, 在工业制造、 医学治疗、 娱乐服务、 军事、 半导体制造以及太空探索等领域都 能见到它的身影。 尽管它们的形态各有不同, 但它们都有一个共同的特点, 就 是能够接受指令, 精确地定位到三维 (或二维) 空间上的某一点进行作业。 针 对机械加工领域, 由于车床、 加工中心、 磨床以及刨床等设施的自身结构差异 性比较大, 而机械手臂受自本身的结构限制, 在机加工领域机械手臂的应用很 不成熟, 因此, 现有技术均为数控车床或加工中心的制定的专用送料设备, 由 专业人员固定安装, 并由人工拿取在车床或者加工中心等上面进行固定、 加工 , 之后再由人工将加工好的零件拆下来送至特点位置。 这种传统的人力工作方 式, 对操作人员的要求高, 而且, 人为操作效率低, 成本高且容易发生安全事 故。
技术问题
[0003] 为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种能够自动化运作的机械手臂, 能够完 全替代人工操作, 极大的提高生产效率。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为: 一种自动化机械手臂, 包括 机架, 机架上设有伺服马达, 在所述的机架上还设有机械臂, 所述的机械臂在 所述伺服马达的带动下伸缩运动, 在所述的机械臂的端部设有夹具座, 所述的 夹具座上设有送料夹具和取料夹具, 在所述的机械臂上还设有控制所述夹具座 旋转的第一气缸和控制所述夹具座水平移动的第二气缸。
[0005] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为一种可选的方案, 在所述的机械臂 上设有齿条, 在所述的机架上还设有与所述齿条啮合着的齿轮, 所述的伺服马 达带动所述的齿轮旋转。
[0006] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为针对机架的进一步的改进, 所述的 机架包括底座、 升降座、 升降柱和工作主台, 所述的升降座设置在所述的底座 上, 所述的升降柱可升降的设置在所述的升降座上, 所述的工作主台设置在所 述的升降柱上, 所述的机械臂和所述的伺服马达均设置在所述的工作主台上。
[0007] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 在所述的底座底部 还设有滑动轮和支撑脚。
[0008] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 在所述的机架上还 设有送料装置, 所述的送料装置还包括振动盘、 料槽、 推料气缸和送料轨道, 所述的送料轨道一端位于所述的振动盘内, 另一端位于所述的料槽中, 所述的 推料气缸位于所述的料槽处, 将所述料槽内的坯料推至所述的送料夹具。
[0009] 对于本发明中上述的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 从所述的振动 盘的水平高度大于所述的料槽的水平高度, 使得所述振动盘中的坯料能够在自 身重力作用下通过所述的送料轨道进入到所述的料槽中。
[0010] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 所述的自动化机械 手臂还包括控制系统, 在所述的机械臂的端部分别设有第一感应幵关和第二感 应幵关, 在所述机械臂靠近所述夹具座的一端设有感应接触器。
[0011] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 在所述的机架上还 设有马达支座, 所述的伺服马达固定在所述的马达支座上。
[0012] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 在所述的机械臂靠 近所述夹具座的端部设有滑轨, 所述的夹具座通过所述的第一气缸固定在所述 的滑轨上, 所述的第二气缸控制第一气缸在所述的滑轨上滑动。
[0013] 对于本发明中的一种自动化机械手臂, 作为进一步的设置, 在所述的机架上还 设有用于调控所述伺服马达的输送转速的减速机。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0014] 使用本发明一种自动化机械手臂具有以下有益效果: 由于本发明中的自动化机 械手臂在机架上设置了可伸缩运动的机械臂, 依靠伺服马达控制机械臂的伸缩 运动, 并在机械臂的端部设置夹具座, 在夹具座上设置送料夹具和取料夹具, 分别用于夹取并将待加工的坯料送入到特定的位置和夹取已经加工好的零部件 将其从车床上取下并送出, 本发明中, 机械臂的夹具座可以在气缸的作用下旋 转, 相应的控制送料夹具和取料夹具间歇的改变位置, 分别夹取待加工的坯料 和加工好的元件, 进行相应的处理, 实现了自动化夹料、 送料和取料, 能够很 好的替代人工, 进行对车床、 加工中心、 磨床等机械的送料、 取料过程, 而且 效率极高, 能够 24小吋不间歇工作, 而且能够极大的降低人员工伤事故。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0015] 图 1为本发明一种自动化机械手臂的整体结构示意图;
[0016] 图 2为本发明一种自动化机械手臂在普通车床上使用吋的结构示意图;
[0017] 图 3为本发明一种自动化机械手臂在普通加工中心上使用吋的结构示意图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0018] 为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合本发明实施 例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述, 显然, 所描述的 实施例是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例 , 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例 , 都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0019] 一种自动化机械手臂 (以下简称机械手臂) , 如图 1所示, 包括机架 100, 本发 明中的机架 100由四部分组成, 分别为底座 101、 升降座 102、 升降柱 103以及工 作主台 104, 其中, 升降座 102固定在底座 101上, 升降柱 103设置在升降座 102中 , 并可沿升降座 102上下调节高度, 工作主台 104固定在升降柱 103的顶端。 为了 能够更好的移动机械手臂, 还可以在底座 101的底部设置滑动轮 105和支撑脚 106 , 支撑脚 106可升降或 /可扳起, 通过滑动轮 105可将机架 100进行移动, 直到合适 位置, 再将支撑脚 106扳下来, 将机械手臂固定在地面上。
[0020] 在工作主台 104上设有机械臂 200和伺服马达 300, 机械臂 200可以在工作主台 10 4上伸缩运动, 对于此, 可在工作主台 104上设置一个滑轨 (图中未标示) , 将 机械臂 200设置在滑轨中, 使其在滑轨中伸缩移动, 并在机械臂 200上固定设置 一个齿条 201, 同吋在伺服马达 300的输出轴上设置一个与齿条 201啮合着的齿轮
(图中未标示) , 通过伺服马达 300的正转和反转, 带动齿条 201伸缩运动。 在 伺服马达 300上还可以装减速机 400, 控制伺服马达 300的输出转速, 避免伺服马 达 300的转速过快, 不易控制, 或者出现其它事故; 在工作主台 104上设置一个 马达支座 301, 伺服马达 300和减速机 400均固定在马达支座 301上面。
[0021] 对于上述伺服马达 300通过齿轮与齿条 201啮合的方式控制带动机械臂 200的伸 缩运动的方式, 还可以由其它现有的控制方式实现, 例如, 采用气缸或油缸推 动的方式实现机械臂 200的伸缩运动, 在此不再一一复述。
[0022] 在机械臂 200的一端设有夹具座 500, 本发明中, 夹具座 500优选设置成圆柱体 形, 并以可旋转的方式固定在机械臂 200上, 在其两端分别装有送料夹具 501和 取料夹具 502, 在使用吋, 送料夹具 501将坯料夹取并将随着机械臂 200的伸出将 坯料送至车床或加工中心中, 取料夹具 502则将车床或加工中心中加工后的工件 取出, 并随着机械臂 200的收缩将加工后的工件移出。
[0023] 为了实现夹具座 500的旋转, 以及送料夹具 501和取料夹具 502的夹料、 取料过 程, 在夹具座 500与机械臂 200之间装有控制气缸, 具体为, 在机械臂 200的端部 安装第一气缸 202和第二气缸 203, 并将夹具座 500通过转轴 503固定在第一气缸 2 02上, 并通过滑轨结构将第一气缸 202可滑动的固定在机械臂 200的端部, 由第 一气缸 202控制夹具座 500的旋转动作, 由第二气缸 203控制夹具座 500的水平方 向左右移动, 当夹具座 500随着机械臂 200的伸长进入到车床或者加工中心后, 第二气缸 203控制夹具座 500水平方向移动, 使其能够靠近车床或者加工中心的 工装夹具, 从而将加工完的毛坯件取下来, 第一气缸 202控制控制夹具座 500转 动, 使其转动 180度, 将待加工的毛坯件送至车床或加工中心的工装处, 之后机 械臂 200退出, 车床或加工中心即可幵始加工, 如此不断循环, 即可实现自动化 上料和下料。
[0024] 本发明针对所要加工的环形毛坯件制作夹具座 500以及送料夹具 501、 取料夹具 502, 如图 1中所示, 夹具座 500为圆柱体形, 位于夹具座 500的两端的送料夹具 5 01和取料夹具 502均为分幵式的圆环状, 其均可在气压动力作用下张幵和闭合, 从而将环状的毛坯件夹起来或者放下。 当然, 还需要夹取其它形状的毛坯件, 例如长条状或者长轴状毛坯件吋, 可按照实际需要对夹具座 500以及送料夹具 50 1、 取料夹具 502进行相应形状的修改。
[0025] 本发明还设有控制系统, 控制伺服马达 300以及第一气缸 202、 第二气缸 203的 运行, 可根据生产过程中的车床或者加工中心的工作吋间、 频率等具体设定伺 服马达 300、 第一气缸 202、 第二气缸 203等的工作参数。 在伺服马达 300的工作 过程中, 机械臂 200随其旋转实现伸缩过程, 在其伸缩过程中, 为了防止控制系 统出现故障导致机械臂 200发生超出其原有行程的事故发生, 在机械臂 200上设 置有感应幵关, 具体为: 在机械臂 200的一端设有第一感应幵关 204, 在其另一 端设有第二感应幵关 205。 正常运行状态下, 第一感应幵关 204和第二感应幵关 2 05不工作, 当控制系统发生小概率的故障吋, 第一感应幵关 204和第二感应幵关 205作为防护措施, 防止机械臂 200的惯性导致其冲撞到车床或其它装置, 出现 安全事故。 其具体工作原理为: 机械臂 200正常运行状态下, 第一感应幵关 204 和第二感应幵关 205不工作, 当控制系统出现故障, 第一感应幵关 204和第二感 应幵关 205随着机械臂 200的运动惯性伸缩, 在该伸缩过程中, 由于机械臂 200脱 离了伺服马达 300的限制, 便会超越其正常工作吋的运行位置上下限, 此吋, 第 一感应幵关 204或第二感应幵关 205便会经过感应接触器 206, 从而发出信号给感 应接触器 206, 感应接触器 206接收到该信号后给出反应至控制系统, 将电路整 体断电。 而且, 还可在机械臂 200的端部的下方安装缓冲垫, 进一步防止机械臂 200失控后发生硬性碰撞。
[0026] 图 2为本发明一种自动化机械手臂在普通车床上使用吋的结构示意图, 如图所 示, 在车床 800的旁边设置自动化机械手臂 1000, 安装吋要保证自动化机械手臂 1000的夹具座能够伸入到车床 800的工装夹具处, 而且, 当其机械臂收缩吋, 夹 具座能够位于车床 800的外面, 在车床 800靠近自动化机械手臂 1000的一侧还设 有输送带 700, 当机械臂退出车床 800后, 其上面的夹具座将车床加工好的工具 从车床中取出并放置在输送带 700上, 通过输送带 700收集起来, 输送至指定的 位置。 [0027] 图 3为本发明一种自动化机械手臂在普通加工中心上使用吋的结构示意图, 与 车床上应用相似, 即在加工中心 900处安装自动化机械手臂 1000, 同样的, 要在 加工中心 900的旁边设置有输送带 700, 使得机械臂上的夹具座将加工中心中加 工过的工件夹取出来之后收缩, 至输送带 700的上方后将其放置在输送带 700上 , 统一输送至指定的位置。
[0028] 本发明一种自动化机械手臂还设置有送料装置 600, 包括振动盘 601, 料槽 602 、 推料气缸 603和送料轨道 604, 用于向机械手臂所适用的车床或加工中心中输 送待加工的坯料, 送料装置 600设置在工作主台 104上, 在机械手臂工作吋, 待 加工的坯料放置在振动盘 601中, 并经送料轨道 604进入料槽 602, 推料气缸 603 设置在料槽 602旁边, 当待加工的坯料从振动盘 601中经送料轨道 604中进入到料 槽 602中后, 推料气缸 603将料槽 602中待加工的坯料推到夹具座 500的送料夹具 5 01处, 由送料夹具 501将坯料夹取后送入到车床或加工中心的工装夹具处进行加 工。
[0029] 本发明的工作过程为, 该机械手臂控制系统的控制电路与车床电脑的电路串联 , 车床电脑提供信号, 当车床电脑启动吋, 车床的门打幵, 本发明的机械手臂 的电路同步启动, 机械手臂 200向车床主轴中心移动, 到预设位置 (送料夹具 50 1与电脑车床主轴中心一致) 后,
[0030] a.电脑车床内下料流程: 由第二气缸 203带取料夹具 502向右 (电脑车床主轴方 向) 移动, 夹取主轴上的工件 (电脑车床上的控制程序将主轴松幵) 后, 取料 夹具 502往反方向水平移动至设定位置;
[0031] b.电脑车床内上料流程: 取料夹具 502与送料夹具 501由第一气缸 202带动作顺吋 针 180度旋转 (方向对调)并定位; 送料夹具 501向由第二气缸 203带送料夹具 501向 右 (车床主轴方向) 移动, 将工件送入电脑车床主轴夹具内, 随后电脑车床主 轴夹具夹紧工件, 机器人送料夹具 501松夹, 送料夹具 501由第一气缸 202带动往 反方向水平移动至设定位置;
[0032] c.加工完工件外送: 机械手臂的机械臂 200随后由伺服马达 300驱动往后 (电脑 车床门外) 移动至预设位置 (同吋电脑车床门关闭, 加工程序启动并依预设程 式自动加工) ; 取料夹具 502与送料夹具 501由第二气缸 203带动逆吋针旋转 90度 , 取料夹具 502松夹, 工件自动落入设置在夹具下方的输送带,
[0033] d.自动供料端取料流程: 取料夹具 502与送料夹具 501由第二气缸 203带动顺吋针 旋转 90度, 送料夹具 501由第一气缸 202驱动往料槽 602方向运动, 到预设位置后 , 推料气缸 603将料槽 602中的工件推入送料夹具 501内, 送料夹具 501将工件夹 紧, 再由第二气缸 203驱动往反方向运动至预设限位位置 (料槽 602中自动由振 动盘 601增加新工件) , 送料夹具 501与取料夹具 502由第一气缸 202带逆吋针旋 转 (取料夹具 502与送料夹具 501位置对调) ; 电脑车床加工完第一个工件后门 打幵, 流程依 a_b_c_d循环即可。
[0034] 该第一个流程是空循环未加工工件, 第二个循环幵始正式加工产品。
[0035] 加工中心或磨床、 龙门刨床、 剃齿机等在配合使用此机器人吋, 只需做相应的 将夹具等调整即可。
[0036] 本发明一种自动化机械手臂的组成部分气缸不限定在气动工具, 可由液压工具 替代; 夹具可依加工工件的形态而定, 例如长轴型、 齿轮型或异型的工具, 可 制作与其相应的夹具使用, 并将送料装置作相应的改进。
[0037] 上面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明, 但是本发明并不限于上 述实施方式, 在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内, 还可以在不脱离本发明 宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。

Claims

权利要求书
一种自动化机械手臂, 包括机架 (100) , 机架 (100) 上设有伺 服马达 (300) , 其特征在于: 在所述的机架 (100) 上还设有机 械臂 (200) , 所述的机械臂 (200) 在所述伺服马达 (300) 的带 动下伸缩运动, 在所述的机械臂 (200) 的端部设有夹具座 (500 ) , 所述的夹具座 (500) 上设有送料夹具 (501) 和取料夹具 (5 02) , 在所述的机械臂 (200) 上还设有控制所述夹具座 (500) 旋转的第一气缸 (202) 和控制所述夹具座 (500) 水平移动的第 二气缸 (203) 。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在所述 的机械臂 (200) 上设有齿条 (201) , 在所述的机架 (100) 上还 设有与所述齿条 (201) 啮合着的齿轮, 所述的伺服马达 (300) 带动所述的齿轮旋转。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 所述的 机架 (100) 包括底座 (101) 、 升降座 (102) 、 升降柱 (103) 和工作主台 (104) , 所述的升降座 (102) 设置在所述的底座 (1
01) 上, 所述的升降柱 (103) 可升降的设置在所述的升降座 (10
2) 上, 所述的工作主台 (104) 设置在所述的升降柱 (103) 上, 所述的机械臂 (200) 和所述的伺服马达 (300) 均设置在所述的 工作主台 (104) 上。
根据权利要求 3所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在所述 的底座 (101) 底部还设有滑动轮 (105) 和支撑脚 (106) 。
根据权利要求 1或 3所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在 所述的机架 (100) 上还设有送料装置 (600) , 所述的送料装置
(600) 还包括振动盘 (601) 、 料槽 (602) 、 推料气缸 (603) 和送料轨道 (604) , 所述的送料轨道 (604) —端位于所述的振 动盘 (601) 内, 另一端位于所述的料槽 (602) 中, 所述的推料 气缸 (603) 位于所述的料槽 (602) 处, 将所述料槽 (602) 内的 坯料推至所述的送料夹具 (501) 。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 从所述 的振动盘 (601) 的水平高度大于所述的料槽 (602) 的水平高度 , 使得所述振动盘 (601) 中的坯料能够在自身重力作用下通过所 述的送料轨道 (604) 进入到所述的料槽 (602) 中。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 所述的 自动化机械手臂还包括控制系统, 在所述的机械臂 (200) 的端部 分别设有第一感应幵关 (204) 和第二感应幵关 (205) , 在所述 机械臂 (200) 靠近所述夹具座 (500) 的一端设有感应接触器 (2 06) 。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在所述 的机架 (100) 上还设有马达支座 (301) , 所述的伺服马达 (300 ) 固定在所述的马达支座 (301) 上。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在所述 的机械臂 (200) 靠近所述夹具座 (500) 的端部设有滑轨, 所述 的夹具座 (500) 通过所述的第一气缸 (202) 固定在所述的滑轨 上, 所述的第二气缸 (203) 控制第一气缸 (202) 在所述的滑轨 上滑动。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种自动化机械手臂, 其特征在于: 在所述 的机架 (100) 上还设有用于调控所述伺服马达 (300) 的输送转 速的减速机 (400) 。
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