WO2016110997A1 - 熱交換器およびその熱交換器を有する冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
熱交換器およびその熱交換器を有する冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016110997A1 WO2016110997A1 PCT/JP2015/050464 JP2015050464W WO2016110997A1 WO 2016110997 A1 WO2016110997 A1 WO 2016110997A1 JP 2015050464 W JP2015050464 W JP 2015050464W WO 2016110997 A1 WO2016110997 A1 WO 2016110997A1
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- heat exchanger
- heat transfer
- tube
- refrigerant
- long side
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/12—Arrangements of compartments additional to cooling compartments; Combinations of refrigerators with other equipment, e.g. stove
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/002—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for geothermal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
- F25B2400/121—Inflammable refrigerants using R1234
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/09—Improving heat transfers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger provided with a flat tube and a refrigeration cycle apparatus having the heat exchanger.
- a low-boiling point refrigerant is rich between a liquid film in which a high-boiling point refrigerant is rich on the tube wall surface in the heat transfer tube and a vapor phase and a liquid film. It is known that this concentration boundary layer appears as a material diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) of each component vapor and inhibits heat transfer in the heat transfer tube.
- a plurality of protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube to improve the substance transfer rate ⁇ v on the vapor side and increase the substance diffusion resistance R (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the heat in the heat transfer tubes is reduced by reducing the material diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture.
- R thermal resistance
- the transfer rate (in-tube heat transfer rate K) can be improved, there has been a problem that the in-tube pressure loss during refrigerant circulation increases.
- various forming methods can be employed when forming the protrusions, but there is a problem that it is difficult to form the protrusions when extrusion molding is assumed as in a flat tube.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and when a mixed refrigerant of HFO1123, R32, and HFO1234yf, which is a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, is adopted in a heat exchanger having a flat tube.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the material diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) in the concentration boundary layer in the flow path of the flat tube and improve the heat transfer coefficient (heat transfer coefficient K in the pipe) in the heat transfer pipe.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention is a heat exchanger having a flat tube through which a mixed refrigerant of HFO1123, R32, and HFO1234yf circulates as a heat medium, and the flat tube has a plurality of flow paths through which the heat medium circulates,
- the cross section of the flow path has a rectangular shape in which the four corners are arcuate by the short sides facing each other, the long sides facing each other, and the arcs formed at the four corners where the short sides cross the long sides.
- the ratio r / d between the distance d between the long side portions and the radius length r of the arc portion is 0.005 ⁇ r / d ⁇ 0.8.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a flat tube used in the heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the flow path of the flat tube according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a flat tube 1 which is a heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 is used for a finned tube heat exchanger or the like.
- the flat tube 1 is manufactured by extrusion molding such as aluminum.
- a plurality of flow paths 2 through which a refrigerant as a heat medium flows are opened.
- the flow path 2 has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 2, and is arranged in one direction so that the refrigerant flows in parallel in the flat tube 1.
- the cross section of the flow path 2 is formed at four corners where the pair of parallel short side portions 2a, the pair of parallel long side portions 2c, and the short side portion 2a and the long side portion 2c intersect as shown in FIG. And an arc portion 2b having a radius r. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the flow path 2 is a rectangular shape (rounded rectangle) in which the corners of the four corners of the channel are arcuate.
- the circular arc portion 2b has a quarter circle shape, and both end portions thereof are smoothly connected in contact with the short side portion 2a and the long side portion 2c.
- a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture is employed as the refrigerant, and for example, a three-type refrigerant mixture of HFO1123, R32, and HFO1234yf is used.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the thermal resistance in the heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the ease of heat transfer in the heat transfer tube is indicated by the value of the heat transfer coefficient K [W / m 2 ⁇ K] in the tube.
- the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube indicates a heat transfer coefficient between the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tube and the inner surface of the heat transfer tube, and is one index indicating the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger.
- the larger the value of the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube the smaller the heat resistance in the heat transfer tube, indicating that the heat exchange performance as a heat exchanger is high.
- the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube varies depending on the state of the refrigerant in the heat transfer tube flow path.
- the vapor phase 4 steam bulk
- the in-tube heat transfer coefficient K is determined by a function of the material diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film 5.
- the material diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 is a function of the substance transfer rate ⁇ v between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6, and when the substance transfer rate ⁇ v increases.
- the material diffusion resistance R is a small value.
- the temperature change between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 of the refrigerant is caused by the substance diffusion resistance R (thermal resistance) between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6.
- the substance diffusion resistance R increases, the thermal resistance increases, and the temperature difference between the refrigerant vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 (concentration difference of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture) increases.
- the temperature Tvb of the vapor bulk state point which is the temperature of the vapor phase 4 in the flow path 2 and the temperature Ti of the gas-liquid interface 6 are determined by the mass transfer rate ⁇ v, the turbulence ⁇ v of the correlated gas-liquid interface and the condensation amount m of the refrigerant. fluctuate.
- ⁇ v (mass transfer rate) also increases.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film will be described.
- the temperature Ti at the gas-liquid interface and the wall surface temperature Tw of the flow path 2 fluctuate due to the heat conduction in the liquid phase part, and the relationship between the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L ⁇ (thermal conductivity) / ⁇ (liquid film thickness) of the liquid film. It becomes. That is, when the liquid film thickness ⁇ decreases and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L increases, the in-tube heat transfer coefficient K improves. Therefore, in order to improve the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube, it is necessary to find a local maximum value of the function of the material diffusion resistance R between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film.
- FIG. 4 shows r / d (the distance between the long side portions 2c of the flow channel is d, and the arc length 2b of the flow channel is the radial length r) inside the flow channel according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the state of the liquid film in case a value is small.
- FIG. 5 shows r / d (the distance between the long side portions 2c of the flow channel is d and the radius of the arc portion 2b of the flow channel is r) inside the flow channel according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the state of the liquid film in case a value is large.
- FIG. 6 is a gas-liquid phase equilibrium diagram of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture in the heat transfer tube according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture according to Embodiment 1 is a refrigerant mixture of HFO1123 + R32 that is a low-boiling refrigerant and HFO1234yf that is a high-boiling refrigerant.
- the vapor bulk state point of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture is indicated by a black circle and moves on a saturated vapor line.
- the temperature of the vapor bulk state point is Tvb
- the gas-liquid interface is in a gas-liquid equilibrium state, becomes temperature Ti
- the liquid phase and wall surface temperature Tw exist in the supercooling region.
- the condensing action in the heat exchanger starts condensing when the vapor bulk state point changes from superheated steam to point A.
- the vapor bulk at point A condenses into a saturated liquid at the point A ′.
- the mixed refrigerant having a high composition ratio of HFO1234yf which is a high-boiling refrigerant, condenses first, and the temperature Tvb at the vapor bulk state point gradually decreases. At this time, the temperature Ti at the gas-liquid interface also decreases simultaneously. Finally, the temperature Tvb at the vapor bulk state point drops to the condensation temperature at point B, and becomes a saturated liquid of the refrigerant composition yb at point B ′.
- the composition of HFO1234yf is 50% or less of the total non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture
- the material diffusion resistance R between the vapor phase 4 and the gas-liquid interface 6 is reduced, and the characteristics of a single refrigerant are approached. Become. Then, the temperature difference (temperature difference of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture) between the temperature Tvb at the vapor bulk state point and the temperature Ti at the gas-liquid interface becomes small. Therefore, the contribution of the turbulence ⁇ v of the gas-liquid interface to the improvement of the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube becomes small.
- coolant is about 50:50 to 40:60, and is a pseudo-azeotropic refrigerant
- FIG. 7 shows the ratio between the distance d between the long side portions 2c and the radial length r of the arc portion 2b in the cross section of the flow channel in the flat tube 1 when the heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 is used as a condenser. It is the graph which showed the relationship between r / d and the heat transfer coefficient K in a pipe
- the heat transfer coefficient K [W / m 2 ⁇ K] in the tube is The maximum value range is within 10% of the maximum value, which is an optimum value for efficiency.
- R410A which is a pseudo azeotropic refrigerant mixture is used
- the heat transfer coefficient K [W / m 2 ⁇ K] in the tube increases as r / d decreases. This will be described below.
- the gas-liquid interface is disturbed and ⁇ v is generated, but the refrigerant condensing amount m is small. To do. Further, since the liquid film thickness ⁇ increases and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film 5 decreases, the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube also decreases.
- the concentration at the four corners of the liquid film 5 is weakened, and the liquid film thickness ⁇ of the long side portion 2c and the short side portion 2a is 0.005> r / d. Since it is formed thicker than the region, the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film 5 is lowered and the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube is lowered. However, the disturbance ⁇ v at the gas-liquid interface increases as the liquid film thickness ⁇ increases, the material diffusion resistance R decreases, and the total in-tube heat transfer coefficient K is improved as compared with the region where 0.005> r / d. To do.
- the liquid film 5 is hardly concentrated at the four corners, and the liquid film thickness ⁇ of the long side portion 2c and the short side portion 2a is 0.005 ⁇ r / d ⁇ 0. Since the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ L of the liquid film 5 is low, the total in-tube heat transfer coefficient K is less than 0.005 ⁇ r / d ⁇ 0.8. descend.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a state of the liquid film 5 in the flow path of the flat tube according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid film 5 is formed substantially evenly on the inner periphery of the flow path 2. This is because the liquid is dispersed in both the arc portion 2b and the periphery of the convex band portion 2d, so that the thick portion of the liquid film 5 is difficult to concentrate on a part. As a result, a uniform liquid film thickness ⁇ is ensured in the effective heat transfer section, and the gas-liquid interface disturbance ⁇ v increases. Therefore, the material diffusion resistance R on the steam side is reduced, and the heat transfer coefficient K in the tube is improved. Moreover, since the heat transfer area in the pipe increases, the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be improved.
- FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
- the refrigerant circuit diagram shown in FIG. 9 includes a compressor 10, a condensing heat exchanger 11, an expansion device 12, an evaporating heat exchanger 13, and blowers 14 and 15.
- a highly efficient refrigeration cycle apparatus is provided. Can be realized.
- any refrigerating machine oil such as mineral oil, alkylbenzene oil, ester oil, ether oil, or fluorine oil is used. Even so, the above effect can be achieved regardless of the solubility of the oil in the refrigerant.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る熱交換器に用いられる扁平管の断面図である。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る扁平管の流路の断面拡大図である。
図1に示す熱交換器の伝熱管である扁平管1は、フィンチューブ式熱交換器等に使用されるものである。扁平管1は、アルミニウム等の押し出し成形により製造される。扁平管1の内部には熱媒体である冷媒等が流通する複数の流路2が開口している。流路2は、図2に示すように略矩形状の断面形状を有しており、扁平管1内で並行に冷媒が流通するように一方向に並んで配置されている。
円弧部2bは1/4円形状となっており、その両端部は短辺部2aと長辺部2cに接して滑らかに接続されている。
伝熱管内の熱の伝わりやすさは、管内熱伝達率K[W/m2・K]の値で示される。管内熱伝達率Kは、伝熱管の内部を流れる冷媒と、伝熱管内表面との間の熱伝達率を示し、熱交換器の熱交換性能を示す1つの指標である。管内熱伝達率Kの値が大きい程、伝熱管内の熱抵抗は小さくなり、熱交換器としての熱交換性能が高いことを示す。
伝熱管内にガス冷媒が流通し凝縮するときは、伝熱管の中心に蒸気相4(蒸気バルク)が流れるとともに管壁3に液膜5を形成しながら伝熱作用が進む。
管内熱伝達率Kは、蒸気相4と気液界面6との間の物質拡散抵抗R(熱抵抗)と、液膜5の熱伝達率αLとの関数で決定される。
蒸気相4と気液界面6との間の物質拡散抵抗R(熱抵抗)は、蒸気相4と気液界面6との間の物質伝達率βvの関数であり、物質伝達率βvが大きくなると物質拡散抵抗Rは小さな値となる。
冷媒の蒸気相4と気液界面6の温度変化は、蒸気相4と気液界面6との間の物質拡散抵抗R(熱抵抗)により生じる。物質拡散抵抗Rが大きくなると熱抵抗が増加し、冷媒の蒸気相4と気液界面6との温度差(非共沸混合冷媒の濃度差)が大きくなる。
ここで、βv(物質伝達率)∽φv(相間気液界面の乱れ)・m(冷媒の凝縮量)の関係があり、φv(相間気液界面の乱れ)・m(冷媒の凝縮量)の値が大きい程βv(物質伝達率)も大きくなる。
すなわち、物質伝達率βvが大きくなると物質拡散抵抗Rが小さくなり、管内熱伝達率Kが向上する。その結果、蒸気バルクの状態点の温度Tvbと気液界面6の温度Tiとの温度差が小さくなる。
気液界面の温度Tiと流路2の壁面温度Twは、液相部の熱伝導により変動し、液膜の熱伝達率αL∽λ(熱伝導率)/δ(液膜厚さ)の関係となる。
すなわち、液膜厚さδが小さくなり熱伝達率αLが大きくなると管内熱伝達率Kが向上する。
よって、管内熱伝達率Kを向上させるには、蒸気相4と気液界面6との間の物質拡散抵抗Rと、液膜の熱伝達率αLとの関数の極大値を探す必要がある。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る流路内部においてr/d(流路の長辺部2c間の距離をd、流路の円弧部2bを半径長さをrとする)の値が大きい場合における液膜の状態を示した図である。
また、図5に示すように図4の流路2に比べてr/dが大きい値の場合は、液膜厚さδはほぼ均一に形成され、図4の状態よりも各辺部の全域で液膜厚さδが確保され気液界面の乱れφvは大きくなる。
実施の形態1に係る非共沸混合冷媒は、低沸点冷媒となるHFO1123+R32と、高沸点冷媒となるHFO1234yfとの混合冷媒である。
図6には、この非共沸混合冷媒の蒸気バルクの状態点が黒丸で示されており、飽和蒸気線上を移動する。このとき、蒸気バルクの状態点の温度はTvbとなり、気液界面は気液平衡状態となって温度Tiとなり、さらに液相および壁面温度Twは過冷却領域に存在する。
そして、最終的に蒸気バルクの状態点の温度Tvbは点Bの凝縮温度まで低下し、点B’の冷媒組成ybの飽和液となる。
なお、低沸点冷媒となるHFO1123とR32の組成比は50:50から40:60程度となっており、疑似共沸冷媒となっている。よって、HFO1123とR32の混合冷媒はほぼ単一冷媒の特性と見なすことができる。
ここで、冷媒の流路2内における質量速度Grを一般的な熱交換器の条件で用いられるGr=200[kg/m2・s]とし、流路2の断面における長辺部2c間の距離dと円弧部2bの半径長さrとの比r/dを0.005≦r/d≦0.8の範囲とした場合、管内熱伝達率K[W/m2・K]はその最大値に対する10%以内で極大値範囲となっており、効率上の最適値となっている。
一方、疑似共沸混合冷媒であるR410Aを用いた場合、r/dは小さい程、管内熱伝達率K[W/m2・K]は増加する。
以下に説明する。
しかし、0.005>r/dの領域では、長辺部2c及び短辺部2aの有効伝熱部での気液界面の乱れφvが小さくなることで、蒸気側の物質拡散抵抗Rの増大により管内熱伝達率Kは大きく低下する。これら相反する効果を加味するとトータルの管内熱伝達率Kは低下する。
しかし、気液界面の乱れφvは液膜厚さδが厚い分増加し、物質拡散抵抗Rが小さくなって、トータルの管内熱伝達率Kは0.005>r/dの領域に比べて向上する。
実施の形態1では、扁平管1内の流路2を略矩形状の断面形状としていたが、実施の形態2では、実施の形態1に係る流路2の形状に加え、流路2の断面の長辺部2cに突起形状の凸帯部2dを設ける点が異なっている。
図8は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る扁平管の流路内部における液膜5の状態を示した図である。
この結果、有効伝熱部で液膜厚さδの厚さが均一に確保され、気液界面の乱れφvが大きくなる。よって、蒸気側の物質拡散抵抗Rが小さくなり、管内熱伝達率Kは向上する。また、管内伝熱面積が増加するため、熱交換器効率を向上させることができる。
図9に示す冷媒回路図は、圧縮機10、凝縮熱交換器11、絞り装置12、蒸発熱交換器13、送風機14、15により構成されている。
本発明の実施の形態1及び2に係る扁平管1を備えた熱交換器を凝縮熱交換器11または蒸発熱交換器13、もしくはそれらの両方に適することにより、エネルギー効率の高い冷凍サイクル装置を実現することができる。
暖房エネルギー効率=室内熱交換器(凝縮器)能力/エネルギ-の全入力。
冷房エネルギー効率=室内熱交換器(蒸発器)能力/エネルギーの全入力。
Claims (5)
- HFO1123、R32、HFO1234yfの混合冷媒が熱媒体として流通する扁平管を有する熱交換器であって、
前記扁平管は前記熱媒体が流通する複数の流路を有し、
前記流路の断面は、対向する短辺部と、対向する長辺部と、前記短辺部と前記長辺部とが交差する四隅に形成された円弧部と、により四隅が円弧状となる矩形形状として構成され、
前記長辺部間の距離dと、前記円弧部の半径長さrとの比r/dを0.005≦r/d≦0.8とした熱交換器。 - 前記混合冷媒のうちHFO1234yfの混合比を50wt%以上90wt%以下とした請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記長辺部には、前記扁平管の軸方向に突設された凸帯部が形成された請求項1または2に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記扁平管は、押し出し成形で成形される請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の熱交換器。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の熱交換器を有する冷凍サイクル装置。
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EP15876873.9A EP3244156B1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle apparatus having said heat exchanger |
US15/512,657 US20170284714A1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle apparatus including the same |
CN201580065041.1A CN107003081A (zh) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | 热交换器以及具有该热交换器的制冷循环装置 |
JP2016568239A JP6395863B2 (ja) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | 熱交換器およびその熱交換器を有する冷凍サイクル装置 |
PCT/JP2015/050464 WO2016110997A1 (ja) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | 熱交換器およびその熱交換器を有する冷凍サイクル装置 |
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CN108375236A (zh) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-07 | 富士通将军股份有限公司 | 热交换器及制冷循环装置 |
JP2022516533A (ja) * | 2019-05-05 | 2022-02-28 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | マイクロチャンネル扁平管及びマイクロチャンネル熱交換器 |
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JP6266089B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2018-01-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2021176651A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱交換器及び空気調和機 |
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JPWO2016110997A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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CN107003081A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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