WO2016098414A1 - Cultivation device and cultivation method - Google Patents

Cultivation device and cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016098414A1
WO2016098414A1 PCT/JP2015/076997 JP2015076997W WO2016098414A1 WO 2016098414 A1 WO2016098414 A1 WO 2016098414A1 JP 2015076997 W JP2015076997 W JP 2015076997W WO 2016098414 A1 WO2016098414 A1 WO 2016098414A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cultivation
liquid
cultivation liquid
temperature
tank
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PCT/JP2015/076997
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
将人 馬場
直樹 池口
Original Assignee
住友電気工業株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電気工業株式会社 filed Critical 住友電気工業株式会社
Priority to JP2016564710A priority Critical patent/JPWO2016098414A1/en
Priority to CN201580068837.2A priority patent/CN107105621A/en
Publication of WO2016098414A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016098414A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • A01G27/04—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like
    • A01G27/06—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method.
  • the temperature of the ground temperature is generally controlled by controlling the temperature with an air conditioner or a hot water pipe.
  • the greenhouse includes an upper inner roof and a lower inner roof further inside the upper inner roof, and the upper inner roof and the lower inner roof
  • a cooling / heating device has been devised in which an air space is formed between them (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-21757).
  • This air conditioning apparatus makes the cultivation space below the space less susceptible to the influence of outside air by forming the air space, and improves the cooling and heating efficiency by the air conditioner disposed in the cultivation space.
  • the conventional cultivation apparatus that adjusts the ground temperature by controlling the air temperature with an air conditioner or hot water pipe has a disadvantage that the cost of cultivation of crops increases because the equipment cost is high and the utility cost for controlling the air temperature increases.
  • the conventional temperature control by the temperature control there is a certain time lag in the change of the ground temperature with respect to the change of the temperature. Furthermore, it is difficult to set the ground temperature to a desired temperature.
  • the present invention has been made based on the circumstances as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of controlling the ground temperature with relatively high accuracy at a low cost.
  • the inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that the ground temperature of the culture medium part is more closely linked to the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the temperature in the greenhouse. This is considered because the cultivation liquid which is liquid rather than air has higher thermal conductivity.
  • the inventors found that the soil temperature adjustment linked to the temperature control of the culture solution supplied to the culture medium portion is more efficient than the conventional soil temperature control linked to the temperature control in the greenhouse using a conventional air conditioner or the like. I found that I can adjust well.
  • a cultivation apparatus devised based on this knowledge is a cultivation apparatus that includes a medium part for growing a crop, and a cultivation liquid supply mechanism that supplies the cultivation liquid to the medium part.
  • the culture apparatus has a region in which the culture solution is supplied by capillary action, and further includes a temperature adjustment mechanism that adjusts the temperature of the culture solution supplied to the culture solution.
  • the cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention is a cultivation method for supplying a culture solution to a medium part on which a crop is grown, and the medium part has a region to which the culture solution is supplied by capillary action.
  • the cultivation apparatus and cultivation method can control the ground temperature with low cost and relatively high accuracy.
  • a cultivation apparatus is a cultivation apparatus that includes a medium part for growing a crop and a cultivation liquid supply mechanism that supplies a cultivation liquid to the medium part, and the medium part is caused by capillary action. It is a cultivation apparatus which has the area
  • the cultivation apparatus includes a temperature control mechanism for the culture solution supplied to the culture unit, and supplies the culture solution adjusted in temperature from the region to the culture unit by capillary action. Since the ground temperature of the medium part changes more closely with the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the outside air temperature, the cultivation apparatus can adjust the medium part temperature with relatively high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid in this way. Can do. Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus transports heat using the cultivation liquid which is a fluid with little heat dissipation and spreading
  • the medium part for growing the crop has a region to which the cultivation liquid is supplied by capillary action, so that excessive supply of the cultivation liquid is avoided, and the cultivation root is stably and moderately appropriate.
  • Moisture stress can be applied.
  • region where culture solution is supplied by capillary phenomenon is large compared with a liquid phase, and is excellent in air permeability.
  • moisture stress means, for example, drought stress caused by exposure of crops to low humidity conditions, and osmotic stress caused by high osmotic pressure due to high concentration of salt in the environment surrounding the crops. To do.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a cultivation liquid tank that stores the cultivation liquid, a storage tank that primarily stores the cultivation liquid supplied from the cultivation liquid tank, and a liquid feeding unit that distributes the cultivation liquid from the storage tank to the medium part.
  • the said temperature control mechanism is good to be attached to the said cultivation liquid tank or the liquid feeding part. Since the cultivation liquid supply mechanism has such a storage tank and a liquid feeding part, it is possible to easily and reliably supply the cultivation liquid into the medium part even if the medium part and the storage tank are separated. Moreover, when the said temperature control mechanism is attached to a cultivation liquid tank, the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to a some storage tank, for example from a cultivation liquid tank can be adjusted simultaneously.
  • the said temperature control mechanism when the said temperature control mechanism is attached to a liquid feeding part, the distance of the said area
  • the cultivated liquid may be circulated to the cultivated liquid tank through the storage tank.
  • the temperature of the medium part can be adjusted more reliably.
  • the cultivation liquid supplied to the culture medium part by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism is circulated to the cultivation liquid tank, the culture medium part is maintained in a state where the cultivation liquid is not excessive and moderate moisture stress is applied to the root of the crop. Can be made.
  • the said cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a storage tank which holds the cultivation liquid tank which stores a cultivation liquid, and the cultivation liquid supplied from this cultivation liquid tank, and the said temperature control mechanism is attached to the said cultivation liquid tank Good.
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank that supplies the cultivation liquid to the storage tank. For example, when the cultivation liquid is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank to the plurality of storage tanks, the supply is performed to the plurality of storage tanks.
  • the temperature of the cultivation liquid to be adjusted can be adjusted at the same time, and the energy required for adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid can be suppressed and the running cost can be reduced more than adjusting the temperature for each storage tank.
  • the above-mentioned cultivation liquid supply mechanism is good to be constituted so that the difference of the cultivation liquid temperature in a cultivation liquid tank and the cultivation liquid temperature in a culture-medium part may be less than 5 ° C.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism so that the difference between the cultivation liquid temperature in the cultivation liquid tank and the cultivation liquid temperature in the medium portion is within the above upper limit, the temperature of the medium is more accurately adjusted to a desired temperature. Can be adjusted.
  • a mechanism for detecting the water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank it is possible to determine the water stress on the root of the crop from the detected water level, so by adjusting the water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank Appropriate moisture stress can be applied to the roots of the leaves. As a result, the sugar content of the crop to be harvested can be further increased.
  • the temperature control mechanism may have a thermostat and a heater.
  • the temperature control mechanism which has a thermostat and a heater, while being able to reduce installation cost more, the temperature control of cultivation liquid can be performed with a simple structure.
  • the medium part may have a frame and particles filled in the frame.
  • the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase in the region where the cultivation liquid is supplied by capillary action can be further increased, and the oxygen supply capacity is effectively increased. Can be increased.
  • the amount of soil used can be greatly reduced compared to conventional soil cultivation, and the medium part can be reduced in weight. . Thereby, it can be set as the structure which provides farmland on the scaffold formed with cheap materials, such as a resin pipe, and the height difference of farmland can be easily adjusted by adjustment of a scaffold.
  • the capillary height of the filled particles is preferably 3 cm or more and 300 cm or less.
  • the particles preferably contain 50% by mass or more of single particles having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
  • the “particle size” is based on the number of particles on the sieve and the openings of each sieve by using the sieves defined in JIS-Z8801-1 (2006) and applying the particles in order from the sieve with the largest openings. It is the average particle diameter calculated.
  • the tap density of the particles is preferably 1.00 g / cm 3 or more and 3.00 g / cm 3 or less.
  • the particles in the medium part can more effectively exhibit the capillary phenomenon, and further increase the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase in the above region. Root decay due to lack of oxygen can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the “tap density” means the bulk density of the powder, and is a value measured according to JIS-Z2512 (2012).
  • the cultivation method which concerns on another aspect of this invention is a cultivation method which supplies a culture solution to the culture medium part which made the crop grow, Comprising: The area
  • the cultivation method by adjusting the temperature of the culture solution supplied to the medium part, the temperature-controlled culture liquid is supplied from the above region to the medium part by capillary action. Since the ground temperature of the medium part changes more closely with the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the outside air temperature, the cultivation method should adjust the medium part temperature with relatively high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid in this way. Can do. In addition, since the cultivation method transports heat using a cultivation liquid that is a fluid with less heat dissipation and diffusion than air, the temperature of the medium part can be adjusted efficiently, compared with the case of adjusting the temperature with a conventional air conditioner or the like. Thus, the equipment cost and the running cost for adjusting the temperature of the medium part can be reduced.
  • the cultivation method has an area where the culture solution is fed by a capillary phenomenon so that the cultivation solution is supplied, so that excessive supply of the cultivation solution is avoided, and the cultivation root is stably and moderately Moisture stress can be applied.
  • region where culture solution is supplied by capillary phenomenon is large compared with a liquid phase, and is excellent in air permeability.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a culture medium part 2 for growing a crop Q, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium part 2, and a temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the culture medium part 2. And a temperature adjustment mechanism 4 for adjusting the temperature.
  • the culture medium part 2 has a frame body 5 and filled particles 6 filled in the frame body 5, and has a cultivation liquid supply region 7 to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filled particles 6.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 includes a cultivation liquid tank 8 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 9 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 8, and a medium section 2 from the storage tank 9.
  • the temperature adjusting mechanism 4 includes a thermostat 11 and a heater 12, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 8. Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus 1 is provided with the root
  • the culture medium unit 2 includes a frame 5, filling particles 6 filled in the frame 5, and a cultivation liquid supply region 7 in which the cultivation liquid R is supplied to the layer filled with the filling particles 6 by capillary action. This is the part where crop Q is grown.
  • the frame body 5 holds the filled particles 6 to be filled and prevents the roots of the crop Q from penetrating out of the frame body 5.
  • the frame 5 is a bottomed cylindrical body. Although it does not specifically limit as a planar shape of the frame 5, From the viewpoint of transport, the shape which can be overlap
  • the lower limit of the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is preferably 6 cm, and more preferably 9 cm.
  • the upper limit of the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is preferably 23 cm, and more preferably 15 cm. If the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is less than the above lower limit, the root of the crop Q cannot be sufficiently spread and there is a risk of poor growth. On the contrary, when the average inner diameter of the frame 5 exceeds the upper limit, the mass of the culture medium part 2 may be too large.
  • the “average inner diameter” means a value obtained by averaging the diameters of circles having the same area as the shape of the inner surface of the frame body 5 in plan view (diameter in terms of a perfect circle) in the height direction of the frame body 5.
  • the sheet-like resin may be a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. Among them, a porous resin film is preferable, and a porous resin film obtained by stretching a fluororesin film such as polytetrafluoroethylene is more preferable.
  • the root water-permeable sheet 16 may be disposed only on the bottom surface portion of the frame 5, but may also be laid in a region other than the frame 5 in a plan view as shown in FIG. 1. Since the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16 has water permeability, by laying in this way, it exhibits functions such as waterproofing and light-shielding without disturbing the feeding of the cultivation liquid. In addition, the bottom part of the frame 5 and the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16 may be bonded, or the frame 5 may be placed on the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16.
  • seat 16 Although it does not specifically limit as a raw material of the root
  • seat 16 For example, paper, a woven fabric, etc. are mentioned.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the root impermeable sheet 16 is preferably 0.1 mm, and more preferably 0.2 mm.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the root impermeable sheet 16 is preferably 5 mm and more preferably 3 mm.
  • the middle layer portion and the lower layer portion of the filler particles 6 filled in the frame 5 are included in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 that develops the capillary phenomenon.
  • the filler particles 6 are not particularly limited as long as they exhibit capillary action by filling, but for example, fine pumice such as soil, pumice sand, pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral sand, coral, charcoal Etc. You may use these in mixture of 2 or more types. Of these filled particles 6, soil is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring good capillary action and returning it to natural soil when it becomes unnecessary.
  • the soil examples include commercially available horticultural soil, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, sand, Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, and true sand soil.
  • sand is preferable.
  • the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase can be further increased, and the oxygen supply capacity can be effectively increased. Thereby, even if there is no oxygen supply structure, root rot due to lack of oxygen can be effectively suppressed.
  • sand since sand has a lower organic matter content and a lower microbial population compared to general soil, root disease is unlikely to occur.
  • the lower limit of the single particle size of the filled particles 6 is preferably 0.1 mm, and more preferably 0.15 mm.
  • the upper limit of the particle size is preferably 1 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm.
  • the lower limit of the content ratio of single particles having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less of the packed particles 6 is preferably 50% by mass, and more preferably 80% by mass.
  • the lower limit of the tap density of the particles constituting the filler particles 6 is preferably from 1.00 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.65 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.70 g / cm 3.
  • the upper limit of the tap density of the particles is preferably from 3.00 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.85 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.83 g / cm 3.
  • the lower limit of the capillary rising height of the filled particles 6 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm.
  • the upper limit of the capillary height of the filled particles 6 is preferably 300 cm, more preferably 200 cm, and even more preferably 40 cm.
  • the height of the capillary rise [m] h is the surface tension [N / m] of the cultivation liquid R, the contact angle [°] of the cultivation liquid R is ⁇ , and the density [kg / m 3 ] of the cultivation liquid R.
  • ⁇ gravity [m / s 2 ] is g
  • mass 10% particle diameter [m] of the packed particles 6 is r
  • the “mass 10% particle size” means the particle size when the passing mass percentage read from the particle size accumulation curve is 10% in accordance with JIS-A1204 (2009) “Soil particle size test method”. D (10% particle size D 10 ) is meant.
  • h 2T cos ⁇ / ⁇ gr (1)
  • the lower limit of the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R at a position where the height from the bottom surface of the frame 5 in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is 0 cm is preferably 0.2 L / hr, and 0.3 L / hr is more preferable.
  • the average flow velocity is a numerical value obtained by measuring the passing amount [L] of the cultivation liquid R that passes through the bottom surface of the frame body 5 and reaches the cultivation liquid supply region 7 with five or more independent frame bodies 5. Average value.
  • the crop Q absorbs water indefinitely because there is a point in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 where the water absorption rate of the crop Q is equal to or less than the average flow rate (The amount of water absorption at this time is called the maximum water absorption amount).
  • the water level of the liquid level in the storage tank 9 to be described later is gradually lowered from this state, the water supply speed is gradually lowered and the water absorption is limited (the water absorption amount at this time is referred to as the limited water absorption amount).
  • the water absorption daily amount of the crop Q can be estimated from water consumption daily amount, water absorption amount can be restrict
  • the culture medium part 2 Since the water supply continues even if the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R is restricted, the culture medium part 2 is less likely to be dried than the case where the water supply amount is restricted, and the risk of damaging the root part is small.
  • the decrease in the amount of water retained in the culture medium part 2 due to the water supply speed limitation can also be measured by the decrease in the weight of the culture medium part 2. Therefore, the administrator can manage moisture without an expensive moisture sensor.
  • the lower limit of the filling height of the packed particles 6 is preferably 1 cm, more preferably 3 cm, and even more preferably 5 cm.
  • the upper limit of the filling height of the packed particles 6 is preferably 50 cm, more preferably 30 cm, and even more preferably 15 cm.
  • the upper limit of the water retention amount of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is preferably 2L, more preferably 1.5L, and even more preferably 0.6L.
  • the water retention amount refers to a volume conversion of a value obtained by subtracting the mass of the culture medium part 2 in the dry state from the mass of the culture medium part 2 in the water retention condition.
  • the cultivating liquid supply mechanism 3 includes a cultivating liquid tank 8 that stores the cultivating liquid R, a storage tank 9 that primarily stores the cultivating liquid R supplied from the cultivating liquid tank 8, and the cultivating liquid R from the storage tank 9 to the culture unit 2.
  • the liquid feeding part 10 which distribute
  • the liquid feeding part 10 is a sheet body.
  • the liquid feeding part 10 is arranged between the culture medium part 2 and the storage tank 9 so that a part thereof is immersed in a storage tank 9 described later, and the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 is pumped by capillary action. Then, it is supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 through the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16. Since the cultivating liquid supply mechanism 3 includes the liquid feeding unit 10, the cultivating liquid R can be easily and reliably supplied into the medium unit 2 even if the medium unit 2 and the storage tank 9 are separated.
  • the liquid feeding part 10 is not particularly limited as long as it can pump the culture liquid R by capillary action and supply it to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2, and examples thereof include a nonwoven fabric, a rock wool sheet, a felt sheet, and a urethane sheet. Among these, non-woven fabrics are preferred from the viewpoint of appropriate capillary action and appropriate water absorption.
  • the lower limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 1%.
  • 40% is preferable and 30% is more preferable.
  • the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2 may become inadequate.
  • the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 and the said cultivation apparatus 1 may become high too much.
  • the “water permeability” represents the ratio of water that has passed to the back surface of the liquid feeding unit 10 when water is sprayed from the surface of the planar liquid feeding unit 10.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 is preferably 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm.
  • an upper limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 2 mm is preferable and 1.5 mm is more preferable.
  • the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the intensity
  • the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 may become high.
  • the lower limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 10 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm.
  • an upper limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10 300 cm is preferable, 200 cm is more preferable, and 40 cm is further more preferable.
  • the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2 may become inadequate, and there exists a possibility that water drainage may occur.
  • the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 may become high.
  • the pumping height is measured by the following method.
  • a sheet obtained by cutting the liquid feeding part 10 into a width of 4 cm and a length of 120 cm is coated with a polyethylene film having an average thickness of 0.03 mm (the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding to cover the surroundings).
  • the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding to cover the surroundings.
  • the upper and lower portions are opened by 5 cm so as to be in contact with the liquid surface. And let the average value of the value which measured the height pumped up from the liquid surface in 24 hours 5 times be pumping height.
  • the storage tank 9 is a tank that primarily stores the culture solution R supplied to the culture medium unit 2 and is made of a non-permeable material.
  • the storage tank 9 is disposed separately from the culture medium unit 2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the storage tank 9 is disposed below the medium part 2 and in a region that does not overlap with the medium part 2 in plan view. By arranging the storage tank 9 in such a region, it is possible to more reliably prevent the root of the crop Q from entering the storage tank 9 and to share one storage tank 9 with the plurality of culture medium units 2. Can do.
  • the storage tank 9 is open at the top to facilitate the supply of the cultivation liquid R, and the second waterproof sheet 17b is laid on the bottom and side surfaces to prevent the cultivation liquid R from leaking out.
  • the first waterproof sheet 17a and the second waterproof sheet 17b may be formed from a single sheet.
  • a part of the liquid feeding unit 10 is immersed in the storage tank 9, and the culture solution R is supplied to the bottom of the culture medium unit 2 through the liquid feeding unit 10. Since the cultivating liquid R is unidirectionally fed from the storage tank 9 to the culture medium part 2, it is possible to prevent horizontal propagation of diseases through the stored water found in hydroponics.
  • the upper part of the storage tank 9 is shielded from light by a light shielding material.
  • a light shielding material for example, the root water-permeable sheet 16, the first waterproof sheet 17a and the like can be used.
  • the cultivation liquid R held in the storage tank 9 does not directly contact the root of the crop Q. With these synergistic effects, the storage tank 9 is kept clean, and the growth of the germs R is suppressed without filtering.
  • the 1st waterproof sheet 17a is a sheet
  • the 1st waterproof sheet 17a can also exhibit the function as a light-shielding material.
  • the 2nd waterproof sheet 17b is a sheet
  • the first waterproof sheet 17a and the second waterproof sheet 17b are not particularly limited as long as they do not pass water and the roots of the crop Q.
  • polyolefin film, fluororesin film, biodegradable plastic film, etc. Can be used.
  • the cultivation liquid tank 8 is a tank for storing the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the storage tank 9.
  • the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is supplied to the storage tank 9 through the supply pipe 15 by controlling the pump 14 by the control unit 13.
  • the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 preferably contains a fertilizer. It is preferable that a fertilizer contains a chemical fertilizer from a viewpoint which can suppress that a germ propagates in the storage tank 9. FIG. In addition, you may give a fertilizer not only in the culture solution R but in the culture medium part 2. FIG.
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism 4 includes a thermostat 11 and a heater 12.
  • the thermostat 11 detects the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8.
  • the heater 12 is disposed inside the cultivation liquid tank 8 or outside the cultivation liquid tank 8 and heats the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8.
  • the control unit 13 controls the heater 12, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R is set by the thermostat 11.
  • the cultivation liquid R is heated until a predetermined upper limit temperature is reached. Since the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q is often different between, for example, daytime and nighttime, the control unit 13 switches the set temperature of the thermostat 11 according to time, for example, and the temperature of the culture medium unit 2 to which the culture solution R is supplied. Is controlled so that the soil temperature is suitable for the crop Q.
  • the control part 13 controls the heater 12, and stops the heating of the cultivation liquid R. Thereby, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 falls by the influence of ambient temperature. Further, for example, the control unit 13 may control to supply the low temperature cultivation liquid R into the cultivation liquid tank 8, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 may be lowered.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 is configured such that the difference between the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the culture medium unit 2 is within 5 ° C. It is more preferable that the difference is within 3 ° C. When the difference exceeds the upper limit, the temperature of the culture medium part 2 cannot be accurately adjusted, and there is a possibility that the crop Q having sufficient quality cannot be cultivated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a connection configuration example of the cultivation liquid tank 8, the storage tank 9, and the culture medium unit 2 of the cultivation apparatus 1.
  • one storage tank 91 and arbitrary number (m pieces) of culture-medium parts 21, 22, ..., 2m are connected by the liquid feeding part 10, and several culture media from one storage tank 91 is used.
  • the culture solution R is sent to the sections 21, 22, ..., 2m.
  • the cultivation liquid R is supplied from one cultivation liquid tank 8 to an arbitrary number (n pieces) of storage tanks 91, 92,.
  • the capacity of the cultivation liquid tank 8 is larger than the capacity of each of the storage tanks 91, 92,. It is preferable to enlarge it.
  • 120 medium portions planted with tomato seedlings one by one are arranged at approximately equal intervals in each storage tank having a length of 24 m. That is, five medium parts are arranged per 1 m.
  • the distance from the cultivation liquid tank 8 to the furthest storage tank 91 is about 10 m.
  • the cultivation liquid R having a capacity held in each storage tank is supplied to each medium portion within one hour.
  • the total amount of the cultivation liquid R supplied to each storage tank from the cultivation liquid tank 8 in this time is about 20L.
  • the flow rate of the cultivating solution R flowing from the cultivating solution tank 8 to each storage tank is faster than the flow rate of the cultivating solution R circulated in the liquid feeding unit 10, so that it is external when the cultivating solution R flows to each storing tank.
  • the temperature of the cultivation liquid R that is temperature-controlled in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is unlikely to change during distribution to each storage tank.
  • the member constituting the supply path of the cultivation liquid R is preferably constituted by a heat retaining member.
  • the culture medium part 2, the cultivation liquid tank 8, and the storage tank 9 are insulated by wrapping them with a heat insulating sheet, for example.
  • the liquid feeding part 10 is pinched
  • the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 are buried in the ground. By burying these in the ground, the heat retention effect of the cultivation liquid R is increased, and the energy for adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid R can be reduced.
  • the soil temperature suitable for cultivation of the crop Q is different between daytime and nighttime, and it is more suitable for cultivation of the crop Q to increase the daytime ground temperature than nighttime.
  • the temperature in the ground changes so that it is naturally higher during the day than at night. In this way, the tendency of changes in the temperature of the ground during the day and night matches the tendency of the difference between the daytime and nighttime of the ground temperature suitable for the cultivation of the crop Q. It changes so as to approach a suitable ground temperature. Therefore, by burying and arranging the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 in the ground, the temperature adjustment range of the cultivation liquid R can be reduced, and the effect that the energy cost can be reduced is also obtained.
  • the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 when installing the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 on the ground where sunlight hits, it is preferable to color the outer surface of the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 in a dark color, for example, black. By coloring the outer surface in a deep color, the heating effect of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 is obtained when the sunlight hits.
  • the temperature control mechanism 4 is attached to the cultivation liquid tank 4, if the temperature of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the crop Q can be adjusted, the temperature adjustment mechanism 4 will be used for the cultivation liquid tank 4.
  • a heater such as a heating wire that configures the temperature adjustment mechanism may be provided along the liquid feeding unit 10.
  • the temperature of the cultivation liquid is adjusted at a position closer to the medium part 2 than the cultivation liquid tank 4, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the medium part 2 can be adjusted with higher accuracy.
  • a heater that constitutes a temperature adjustment mechanism may be attached to the storage tank 9 to adjust the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank.
  • the said cultivation method can be performed using the said cultivation liquid apparatus 1 of FIG.
  • the said cultivation method is a cultivation method which supplies the culture solution R to the culture medium part 2 which made the crop Q grow, Comprising:
  • the said culture medium part 2 has the culture solution supply area
  • the cultivation method includes a step (cultivation solution supply step) of supplying the culture solution to the culture medium unit 2 by the culture solution supply mechanism 3 and a culture solution R to be supplied to the culture unit 2 by the temperature adjustment mechanism 4.
  • the liquid feeding unit 10 feeds the cultivation liquid R, which is primarily stored in the storage tank 9, to the bottom of the medium unit 2.
  • This cultivating liquid R is supplied to the cultivating liquid supply region 7 of the culture medium part 2 by capillary action of the filler particles 6 in the frame 5.
  • the cultivation liquid R is pumped from the storage tank 9 by the capillary phenomenon of the liquid feeding part 10 and supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 through the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16.
  • the cultivation liquid R fed to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 is supplied to the root of the crop Q through the cultivation liquid supply region 7 by the capillary phenomenon of the filling particles 6.
  • the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R suitable for the crop Q is added from the cultivation liquid tank 8 to the storage tank 9 in accordance with the supply state of the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium unit 2.
  • a moisture sensor (not shown) for detecting the amount of moisture in the culture medium unit 2 is attached, the control unit 13 operates the pump 14 based on the detection result, and the cultivation liquid R is stored in the storage tank 9. Add to the supply. Thereby, the cultivation liquid R can be continuously supplied to the crop Q.
  • a mechanism for detecting the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 may be provided in the storage tank 9, for example. In this case, the control unit 13 obtains the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to be added and supplied to the storage tank 9 based on the change in the water level in the storage tank 9, and supplies the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 9.
  • the temperature adjustment step the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 for adding and supplying to the storage tank 9 is adjusted. Specifically, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is detected by the thermostat 11, and the control unit 13 controls the heater 12 based on the temperature detection operation of the thermostat 11, The temperature of the cultivation liquid R is adjusted.
  • the adjustment setting temperature of the cultivation liquid R at this time is set to a temperature that causes the temperature of the culture medium part 2 to be a ground temperature suitable for the crop Q. For example, when the temperature of the culture medium 2 can be adjusted to the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q when the temperature of the culture solution R in the culture liquid tank 8 is higher by t ° C. than the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q, the adjusted set temperature is It is set to a temperature t ° C. higher than the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q.
  • the said cultivation apparatus supplies the culture solution temperature-controlled with the temperature control mechanism from the area
  • the said cultivation apparatus transports heat using the cultivation liquid which is a fluid with little heat dissipation and spreading
  • the cultivation apparatus has a culture solution supply region in which the culture solution is supplied by capillarity, so that an excessive supply of the cultivation solution is avoided and stable to the root portion of the crop. Moderate moisture stress.
  • the cultivation liquid supply region has a large gas phase and excellent air permeability compared to the liquid phase, the cultivation apparatus can effectively suppress root rot due to lack of oxygen even without an oxygen supply structure. Equipment costs and operating costs can be reduced.
  • the cultivation device only needs to fill the frame with particles such as soil in an amount that can cause capillary action in the cultivation liquid supply region, and can significantly reduce the amount of soil used compared to conventional soil cultivation.
  • the medium part can be reduced in weight.
  • the said cultivation apparatus can be set as the structure which provides farmland on the scaffold formed with cheap materials, such as a resin pipe, and can adjust the height difference of farmland easily by adjustment of a scaffold.
  • the said cultivation apparatus is downward irrigation, it is water saving rather than upper irrigation. This is because the amount of water retained in the upper layer of the medium part is relatively low and evaporation is unlikely to occur. Since evaporation does not easily occur in this way, humidity management and irrigation management of the greenhouse are unlikely to interfere.
  • the cultivation device is further water-saving because the storage tank is non-permeable, and a completely closed cultivation device without drainage can be constructed. Moreover, since the loss of water due to evaporation is extremely small, the consumption of the cultivation liquid can be measured almost accurately, and the plant growth through the water absorption can be quantified.
  • the said cultivation apparatus can raise the consumption rate of the cultivation liquid hold
  • the cultivation apparatus 31 shown in FIG. 3 includes a culture medium part 32 for growing the crop Q, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium part 32, and a temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the culture medium part 32. And a temperature adjusting mechanism 34 for adjusting the temperature.
  • the culture medium part 32 has a frame body 35 and filling particles 36 filled in the frame body 35, and has a cultivation liquid supply region 37 to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 36.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 includes a cultivation liquid tank 38 that stores the cultivation liquid R, and a storage tank 39 that holds the cultivation liquid R supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 38.
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism 34 includes a thermostat 41 and a heater 42, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 38.
  • the cultivation device 31 includes a water level detection mechanism that detects the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39.
  • the storage tank 9 and the culture medium part 2 are separated from each other, whereas the cultivation apparatus 31 does not separate the storage tank 39 and the culture medium part 32 from each other, and the cultivation liquid supply mechanism.
  • the point which 33 does not have a liquid feeding part differs from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment.
  • the said cultivation apparatus 31 differs in the point provided with a water level detection mechanism from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment.
  • the said cultivation apparatus 31 does not have a liquid feeding part, it does not provide the root
  • a different point from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
  • the culture medium part 32 includes a frame 35, filled particles 36 filled in the frame 35, and a cultivation liquid supply region 37 in which the cultivation liquid R is supplied to the layer filled with the filled particles 36 by capillary action. This is the part where crop Q is grown.
  • the frame 35 has a plurality of minute through holes formed in the bottom thereof through which the cultivating liquid R passes and the filler particles 36 do not pass, and is placed on a plurality of platforms 40 arranged at the bottom of the storage tank 39.
  • the bottom of this frame 35 is immersed in the cultivation liquid R, and the immersed part of the filling particles 36 becomes a cultivation liquid infiltrated layer into which the cultivation liquid R has invaded, and the upper part of the cultivation liquid infiltrating layer of the filling particles 36 is the cultivation liquid. It becomes the supply area 37. Since the cultivation apparatus 31 tends to lack oxygen in the cultivation liquid infiltrated layer, the roots of the crop Q are difficult to extend into the cultivation liquid infiltrated layer.
  • the thing similar to the frame 5 of 1st embodiment can be used. That is, paper, sheet-like resin, etc. which have air permeability and water permeability are mentioned.
  • the sheet-like resin may be a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. Among them, a porous resin film is preferable, and a porous resin film obtained by stretching a fluororesin film such as polytetrafluoroethylene is more preferable.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 includes a cultivation liquid tank 38 that stores the cultivation liquid R, and a storage tank 39 that holds the cultivation liquid R supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 38.
  • the storage tank 39 is provided with a plurality of platforms 40 at the bottom, and the culture medium unit 32 is placed on these platforms 40.
  • the storage tank 39 holds the cultivation liquid R at a predetermined water level, and the culture medium part 32 is placed in the storage tank 39 so that the bottom of the frame 35 is immersed in the cultivation liquid R.
  • the several culture medium part 32 is mounted in the one storage tank 39. FIG. By placing a plurality of medium parts 32 in one reservoir 39, it is possible to simultaneously and equally adjust the drying stress on the plurality of medium parts 32.
  • the water level detection mechanism includes a water level gauge 45 attached in the storage tank 39.
  • the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39 is adjusted by the control unit 43 based on the water level detected by the water level gauge 45.
  • the water level gauge 45 detects the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39 and notifies the control unit 43 of the detection result.
  • the control unit 43 obtains the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to be replenished to the storage tank 39 based on the water level detected by the water level gauge 45, operates the pump 44, and stores the cultivation liquid R through the supply pipe 46. 39.
  • the controller 43 can automatically supply the cultivation liquid R by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R so that the water level in the storage tank 39 is always constant. Can be planned.
  • the water level of the storage tank 39 may be adjusted so as to apply a drying stress by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39 by the control unit 43. Since the liquid level height in the culture medium part 32 after capillary rise can be adjusted by raising and lowering the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39, by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39, Appropriate drought stress can be applied to the crop Q.
  • the amount of salt added to the cultivation liquid R supplied to the storage tank 39 may be adjusted by the control unit 43. Since the control part 43 can detect the quantity of the cultivation liquid R hold
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism 34 includes a thermostat 41 and a heater 42.
  • the thermostat 41 detects the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38.
  • the heater 42 is disposed inside the cultivation liquid tank 38 or outside the cultivation liquid tank 38 and heats the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38.
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism 34 controls the heater 42 based on the temperature detected by the thermostat 41, and the cultivation liquid stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38. Adjust the temperature of R.
  • the said cultivation apparatus does not have a liquid feeding part as a cultivation liquid supply mechanism, it can be set as a simple structure and can reduce installation cost more. Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus is equipped with a water level detection mechanism, the drought stress concerning the root part of the crop Q can be adjusted by raising / lowering the water level of the cultivation liquid in a storage tank.
  • the cultivation apparatus 51 shown in FIG. 4 includes a medium part 52 for causing the crop Q to grow, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the medium part 52, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the medium part 52.
  • the culture medium part 52 has a water-permeable sheet 55 formed in a concave shape and filling particles 56 filled in the water-permeable sheet 55, and the cultivation liquid to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 56. It has a supply area.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a cultivation liquid tank 58 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 59 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 58, and a medium unit 52 from the storage tank 59. And the liquid feeding part 60 which distribute
  • the temperature adjustment mechanism 54 includes a thermostat 61 and a heater 62, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 58.
  • the said cultivation apparatus 51 is provided with the base 69 which installs the culture medium part 52 and the storage tank 59, and the agricultural vinyl 70 which covers these members.
  • a different point from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
  • the culture medium part 52 includes a water-permeable sheet 55 formed into a concave shape by bending, filling particles 56 filled in the water-permeable sheet 55, and a cultivation liquid supply to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 56. It is a part which has an area
  • the water permeable sheet 55 is a belt-like sheet having water permeability and root resistance. Both side edge portions of the water permeable sheet 55 are bridged with a pair of parallel fixing rods 72 included in a base 69, which will be described later, with a slack, and are formed in a concave shape by bending.
  • the material of the water permeable sheet 55 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include paper, woven fabric, and non-woven fabric.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 is preferably 5 mm, and more preferably 3 mm. If the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 is less than the above lower limit, the root prevention property may be impaired. Conversely, if the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 exceeds the above upper limit, the cost of the water permeable sheet 55 may be too high.
  • the filling particles 56 are filled into the interior of the water-permeable sheet 55 formed in a concave shape.
  • the filler particles 56 may be any particles that exhibit capillary action by filling, and the same kind as the filler particles 6 used in the first embodiment can be used.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a cultivation liquid tank 58 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 59 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 58, and the cultivation liquid R from the storage tank 59 to the culture unit 52. And a liquid feeding section 60 that circulates.
  • the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a first pump 64 and a water supply / drainage pipe 65.
  • the cultivation liquid tank 58 is a tank for storing the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 and the medium part 52.
  • the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied to the storage tank 59 through the water supply / drain pipe 65.
  • the second pump 67 is controlled by the control unit 63, the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied from above to the culture medium part 52 through the supply pipe 68.
  • the first pump 64 is a bidirectional pump, and when the culture solution R is supplied from above the culture unit 52 by the culture solution auxiliary supply mechanism 66 as will be described later, The cultivation liquid R is transferred to the cultivation liquid tank 58.
  • the water supply / drainage pipe 65 is preferably connected to the lower part of the storage tank 59 as shown in FIG. By connecting the water supply / drainage pipe 65 to the lower part of the storage tank 59 in this manner, the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 can be transferred to the cultivation liquid tank 58 more efficiently.
  • the storage tank 59 is formed in a bowl shape and is supported by a support bar 71 included in a base 69 described later.
  • the storage tank 59 is disposed at a position where the cultivation liquid R that flows out from the culture medium part 52 through the water-permeable sheet 55 enters the inside. That is, the storage tank 59 is arrange
  • the shape of the storage tank 59 is not particularly limited as long as it has an opening into which the cultivation liquid R that permeates and drops through the water-permeable sheet 55 enters, as shown in FIG.
  • the shape which has the lower part which is located below and whose internal average width is smaller than upper part is preferable.
  • the amount of change in the water level with respect to the change in the amount of water stored in the lower part is increased by adopting a shape in which the inner average width of the lower part is smaller than the upper part, the amount of stored water in the storage tank 59 can be detected accurately, and It becomes easy to adjust the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R.
  • internal average width means the average of the distances in the horizontal direction between the side walls facing in the horizontal direction in the cross section.
  • the liquid feeding part 60 is a belt-like sheet body.
  • the liquid feeding part 60 is disposed so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the water permeable sheet 55 and so that the edge on one end side is immersed in the lower part of the storage tank 59, and is stored in the storage tank 59.
  • the liquid R is pumped up by capillary action and supplied into the medium part 52 via the water-permeable sheet 55.
  • the liquid feeding unit 60 is sandwiched between the water permeable sheet 55 and a pair of fixing rods 72 fixed to the support rods 71 that support the storage tank 59, thereby lowering the water permeable sheet 55. Abut.
  • the liquid feeding part 60 is not particularly limited as long as it can pump the cultivation liquid R by a capillary phenomenon and supply it to the medium part 52 through the water-permeable sheet 55.
  • a nonwoven fabric, rock wool sheet, felt sheet, urethane sheet Etc are preferred from the viewpoint of appropriate capillary action and appropriate water absorption.
  • the lower limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 is preferably 0.01% and more preferably 1%.
  • 40% is preferable and 30% is more preferable. If the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 does not satisfy the above lower limit, the amount of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 52 may be insufficient. Conversely, if the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 exceeds the upper limit, the cost of the liquid feeding part 60 may be too high.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 is preferably 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.7 mm.
  • an upper limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 2 mm is preferable and 1.5 mm is more preferable. If the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 is less than the above lower limit, the strength of the liquid feeding part 60 may be reduced and may break. On the contrary, when the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 60 may become high.
  • the lower limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 60 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm.
  • an upper limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 60 300 cm is preferable, 200 cm is more preferable, and 40 cm is further more preferable. If the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 60 is less than the said minimum, the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 52 may become inadequate, and there exists a possibility that a drain may occur. Conversely, if the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 60 exceeds the above upper limit, the cost of the liquid feeding unit 60 may increase.
  • the pumping height is measured by the following method.
  • a sheet obtained by cutting the liquid feeding part 60 into a width of 4 cm and a length of 120 cm is coated with a polyethylene film having an average thickness of 0.03 mm (the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding and covered around).
  • the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding and covered around.
  • the lower part is opened 5 cm so as to be in contact with the liquid surface. And let the average value of the value which measured the height pumped up from the liquid surface in 24 hours 5 times be pumping height.
  • the lower limit of the distance between the bottom surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 with which the liquid feeding unit 60 abuts and the water surface of the cultivation liquid R stored in the storage tank 59 is preferably 60 mm, and more preferably 90 mm.
  • the upper limit of the distance is preferably 160 mm, and more preferably 130 mm. If the distance is less than the lower limit, the water supply amount of the liquid feeding section 60 cannot be adjusted by adjusting the water level, and there is a possibility that an appropriate moisture stress cannot be applied. On the other hand, if the distance exceeds the upper limit, a sufficient amount of the cultivation liquid R may not be supplied to the medium part 52.
  • the water-permeable sheet 55 and the storage tank 59 are installed so that the distance between the bottom surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 and the water surface of the cultivation liquid R is within the above range. To do.
  • the belt-shaped liquid feeding unit 60 may be disposed so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 and so that the edge portions on both ends are immersed in the lower part of the storage tank 59.
  • Pumping efficiency by the liquid feeding part 60 compared with the case where only the edge part of one end side is immersed in the lower part of the liquid feeding part 60 by immersing the edge part of the both ends of the liquid feeding part 60 in the lower part of the liquid feeding part 60 Can be improved.
  • the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 includes a second pump 67 and a supply pipe 68.
  • the second pump 67 is controlled by the control unit 63, and the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied from above the medium part 52 through the supply pipe 68.
  • the temperature of the culture medium part 52 is adjusted by the temperature of the culture liquid R because the culture liquid R supplied from above by the culture liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 flows downward in the culture medium part 52.
  • the cultivation liquid R supplied to the culture medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 permeates the water permeable sheet 55 and flows out of the culture medium part 52.
  • the cultivation liquid R that has flowed out of the medium part 52 in this way enters the storage tank 59 disposed vertically below the medium part 52 via the liquid feeding part 60 by gravity.
  • the cultivation liquid R is supplied from above the medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66
  • the second pump 67 is controlled by the control part 63
  • the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 is supplied via the water supply / drain pipe 65. Transfer to the cultivation liquid tank 58.
  • the cultivation liquid R supplied from above the culture medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 circulates to the cultivation liquid tank 58 through the storage tank 59.
  • a bi-directional pump is used as the first pump 64, but the bi-directional pump may not be used as long as the cultivating liquid R is circulated bi-directionally between the cultivating liquid tank 58 and the storage tank 59. Also good.
  • two unidirectional pumps may be provided between the cultivating liquid tank 58 and the storage tank 59, or the transfer direction of the cultivating liquid R may be switched by a combination of a unidirectional pump and a three-way valve.
  • the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and the supply pipe 68 are connected to the flow path even after the transfer of the cultivation liquid R by the first pump 64 and the second pump 67 is stopped, so that the water may move due to the siphon phenomenon.
  • the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and the supply pipe 68 may be provided with a siphon breaker and a check valve to prevent the movement of the water.
  • a tube pump or a Verista pump registered trademark in which water movement due to siphon phenomenon does not occur structurally may be used. By using tube pumps or beristor pumps as the first pump 64 and the second pump 67, the equipment cost can be reduced compared with the case where an electromagnetic valve, a siphon breaker, and a check valve are installed.
  • the base 69 has frame walls disposed on the left and right sides along the longitudinal direction of the storage tank 59, and a plurality of support bars 71 fixed horizontally between these frame walls in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. And have.
  • the plurality of support bars 71 are fixed to the uppermost position and the intermediate position in the height direction of the frame wall.
  • the base 69 has two fixed bars fixed on the support bars 71 in parallel with the longitudinal direction so as to be bridged over a plurality of support bars 71 fixed at the uppermost position of the frame wall. 72. Further, the base 69 is fixed to two support bars 71 parallel to the longitudinal direction so as to be bridged over a plurality of support bars 71 fixed to the middle position of the frame wall. It has a bar 72.
  • a metal or resin can be used as the support rod 71 and the fixing rod 72.
  • a metal pipe is preferable in terms of strength and durability, and a metal pipe is preferable in terms of light weight.
  • an agricultural pipe is preferable in terms of easy availability and low cost.
  • the said cultivation method can be performed using the said cultivation liquid apparatus 51 of FIG.
  • the said cultivation method is a cultivation method which supplies the culture solution R to the culture medium part 52 which made the crop Q grow, Comprising:
  • the said culture medium part 52 has a culture solution supply area
  • the cultivation method includes a step of supplying the culture solution R to the culture medium unit 52 by the culture solution supply mechanism 53 (cultivation solution supply step), and a culture solution R to be supplied to the culture medium unit 52 by the temperature adjustment mechanism 54.
  • the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 58 whose temperature has been adjusted in the temperature adjustment step is supplied from above the medium part 52.
  • the control unit 63 operates the second pump 67 to supply the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 58 to the supply pipe 68. It is made to distribute
  • the case where the temperature of the culture medium part 52 is further required is, for example, the case where the temperature of the culture medium part 52 cannot be sufficiently adjusted only by the temperature control action by supplying the culture liquid R in the culture liquid supply process, or the culture medium part This is a case where it takes a long time to adjust the temperature of 52. More specifically, this is the case when the temperature difference for adjusting the temperature of the culture medium portion 52 is large because the water absorption amount of the crop Q is small at the beginning of cultivation or at night, because the temperature is abnormally high or low.
  • control unit 63 operates the first pump 64 to circulate the cultivation liquid R that has flowed out of the medium unit 5 and entered the storage tank 59 into the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and circulates it to the cultivation liquid tank 58.
  • the said cultivation apparatus is equipped with the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism which supplies the cultivation liquid of a cultivation liquid tank from the upper direction of a culture medium part, since the flow rate of the cultivation liquid which distribute
  • the said cultivation apparatus can adjust the temperature of a culture medium more reliably, for example, even when the amount of water absorption of the crops at the initial stage of cultivation or at night is small. Therefore, the cultivation apparatus can adjust the ground temperature of the culture medium part regardless of the growth time of the seedling or day and night.
  • the culture medium part has a water-permeable sheet, the culture solution supplied from above quickly flows out to the outside. The state concerning the root part of a crop can be maintained. Therefore, in general, irrigation with a large amount of water for the purpose of controlling the soil temperature tends to cause adverse effects on crops such as root rot and raspberries, but such adverse effects can be suppressed in the cultivation apparatus.
  • the cultivation apparatus supplies the cultivation liquid from above the culture medium part, when agricultural water in dry land and salt damage areas containing a lot of salts is used for crop cultivation, salt removal (leaching) by the flow of the cultivation liquid Salt accumulation can be suppressed by the effect.
  • the configuration in which the cultivation liquid is heated using the heater as the temperature adjustment mechanism has been described.
  • any structure other than the heater may be used as long as the temperature of the cultivation liquid can be adjusted.
  • the conventional temperature control by cooling uses fine fog cooling (mist cooling), and is accompanied by fluctuations in humidity.
  • the said cultivation apparatus can reduce the temperature of a culture
  • the temperature of a cultivation liquid may be lowered
  • the temperature of a culture medium part can be lowered
  • a temperature adjustment mechanism is other than the temperature of the cultivation liquid in a storage tank. It is good also as a structure which adjusts the temperature of a cultivation liquid based on temperature.
  • a thermometer that detects the temperature of the filled particles in the medium part may be attached, and the temperature adjustment mechanism may adjust the temperature of the cultivation liquid based on the temperature of the medium part.
  • the control unit controls the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 9 to raise or lower the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 to thereby increase the root of the crop Q.
  • the control unit detects the amount of the cultivation liquid R held in the storage tank 9 from the detected water level, and adds an amount of salt that causes osmotic stress suitable for the crop Q from the amount of the cultivation liquid.
  • the osmotic stress applied to the root of the crop Q can be adjusted by supplying the cultivated liquid to the storage tank 9.
  • the sheet body is used as the liquid feeding unit 10.
  • the liquid feeding unit 10 is not limited to the sheet body as long as the culture solution in the storage tank 9 can be supplied to the culture medium unit 2.
  • a plate-like or cylindrical supply path connected to the storage tank 9 and the culture medium part 2 may be used as the liquid feeding part 10.
  • fine pumice such as soil, pumice sand, pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral sand, coral, charcoal, etc., molded into a plate or cylinder, or into a cylindrical frame
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 provided with the root-permeable water permeable sheet 16, the 1st waterproof sheet 17a, and the 2nd waterproof sheet 17b was demonstrated, the cultivation apparatus of a structure which is not provided with these also intends this invention. Within range.
  • the culture solution is supplied from above the medium part in order to promote the temperature regulation effect.
  • the temperature regulation effect may be promoted by other methods.
  • an additional mat similar to the liquid feeding unit 60 is arranged so that one end is inserted into the culture unit 52.
  • the other end of the additional mat arranged in this manner is usually not hung in the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59, and may be hung in the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 when promoting the temperature control effect.
  • the other end of the additional mat hangs in the cultivation liquid R of the storage tank 59, so that the cultivation liquid R flows from the storage tank 59 to the culture medium part 52 through the additional mat, Since the flow rate of the cultivation liquid R increases, the temperature adjustment effect of the culture medium part 52 is promoted.
  • the said additional mat is arrange
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 of the first embodiment uses the cultivation apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the temperature in the greenhouse, the temperature of the medium part 2 and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 are measured, and the temperature of the medium part 2 and the temperature in the greenhouse and the storage tank The relationship with the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in 9 was investigated.
  • a tomato seedling is cultivated using the cultivation apparatus 1, and the time-dependent change of these temperatures in 5.5 days just before a harvest is shown in FIG.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment while measuring the temperature of the greenhouse, the temperature of the culture medium part 2, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9, the amount of sunlight at this time and the water absorption by the crop Q The amount was measured. Specifically, the cultivation apparatus 1 was used to measure the temperature, the amount of sunshine, and the amount of water absorption for seven days of tomatoes that had been picked at the beginning of June for 9 days. The relationship between these temperatures and the amount of sunlight is shown in FIG. Moreover, the relationship between the cooling effect of the culture medium part 2 by the temperature control of the cultivation liquid R and the amount of water absorption is shown in FIG. In addition, the “cooling effect” in FIG. 7 shows a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the temperature in the greenhouse from the temperature of the culture medium part 2.
  • the amount of water absorbed by crop Q was about 1 L per day per strain. Further, from the result of FIG. 7, it is understood that a cooling effect of about ⁇ 8 ° C. is obtained at the maximum, and that the cooling effect depends on the water absorption amount of the crop Q. Moreover, it turns out that a cooling effect is so large that the temperature difference of temperature and the cultivation liquid R is large from FIG.
  • the cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of the present invention can control the ground temperature with relatively high accuracy at low cost, it is possible to cultivate high-quality crops at low cost.

Abstract

Provided is a cultivation device capable of controlling ground temperature at a low cost and at a relatively high accuracy. The cultivation device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a medium part in which a crop is planted and a cultivation liquid-feeding mechanism which feeds a cultivation liquid to the medium part, wherein the medium part has an area to which the cultivation liquid is fed by a capillary phenomenon, and a temperature-controlling mechanism, which controls the temperature of the cultivation liquid to be fed to the medium part, is further provided. It is preferred that: the cultivation liquid-feeding mechanism comprises a cultivation liquid tank for reserving the cultivation liquid, a reservoir tank for primarily reserving the cultivation liquid fed from the cultivation liquid tank, and a liquid supply part which supplies the cultivation liquid from the reservoir tank to the medium part; and the temperature-controlling mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank or the liquid supply part. It is preferred that: the cultivation device further comprises an auxiliary cultivation liquid-feeding mechanism which feeds the cultivation liquid in the cultivation liquid tank to the medium part from above; the temperature-controlling mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank; and the cultivation liquid, which is fed to the medium part by the auxiliary cultivation liquid-feeding mechanism, is circulated to the cultivation liquid tank via the reservoir tank.

Description

栽培装置及び栽培方法Cultivation apparatus and cultivation method
　本発明は、栽培装置及び栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method.
　作物の栽培において、作物にはそれぞれ生育に適した温度があるため、生育に適した温度となるよう温度調節が行われることが多い。特に作物の地上部の生育をよくするためには、根を広く深く張らせる必要があるため、根の生育に適した地温を確保する必要がある。現状の農業では、一般的にこの地温の温度調節をエアコンや温湯管による気温制御により行っている。 In the cultivation of crops, since each crop has a temperature suitable for growth, the temperature is often adjusted to a temperature suitable for growth. In particular, in order to improve the growth of the above-ground part of the crop, it is necessary to stretch the roots widely and deeply, so it is necessary to ensure a ground temperature suitable for the growth of the roots. In the current agriculture, the temperature of the ground temperature is generally controlled by controlling the temperature with an air conditioner or a hot water pipe.
　このような気温制御において温室内の冷房及び暖房効率を向上させるために、温室内に上部内屋根と、この上部内屋根のさらに内側に下部内屋根とを備え、上部内屋根と下部内屋根との間に宙空間を形成した冷暖房装置が考案されている（特開２００１－２１１７５７号公報参照）。この冷暖房装置は、上記宙空間を形成することで宙空間の下方の栽培空間が外気の影響を受け難いようにし、栽培空間に配設した空調機による冷房及び暖房効率を向上させる。 In order to improve the cooling and heating efficiency in the greenhouse in such temperature control, the greenhouse includes an upper inner roof and a lower inner roof further inside the upper inner roof, and the upper inner roof and the lower inner roof A cooling / heating device has been devised in which an air space is formed between them (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-21757). This air conditioning apparatus makes the cultivation space below the space less susceptible to the influence of outside air by forming the air space, and improves the cooling and heating efficiency by the air conditioner disposed in the cultivation space.
特開２００１－２１１７５７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-21757
　しかしながら、上記従来のエアコンや温湯管による気温制御で地温を調節する栽培装置は、設備コストが高く、また気温制御に要する光熱費も嵩むため、作物の栽培コストが増加するという不都合がある。また、従来の気温調節による地温調節では、気温の変化に対する地温の変化に一定のタイムラグがある。さらに、地温を所望の温度とすることも困難である。 However, the conventional cultivation apparatus that adjusts the ground temperature by controlling the air temperature with an air conditioner or hot water pipe has a disadvantage that the cost of cultivation of crops increases because the equipment cost is high and the utility cost for controlling the air temperature increases. Moreover, in the conventional temperature control by the temperature control, there is a certain time lag in the change of the ground temperature with respect to the change of the temperature. Furthermore, it is difficult to set the ground temperature to a desired temperature.
　本発明は以上のような事情に基づいてなされたものであり、低コストで比較的高精度で地温を制御できる栽培装置及び栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made based on the circumstances as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of controlling the ground temperature with relatively high accuracy at a low cost.
　発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、培地部の地温が温室内の気温よりも栽培液の温度に密接に連動することを見出した。これは、空気よりも液体である栽培液の方が熱伝導率が高いためと考えられる。つまり、発明者らは、従来のエアコン等による温室内の気温調節に連動させる地温調節よりも、培地部へ供給する栽培液の温度調節に連動させる地温調節の方が、培地部の地温を効率よく調節できることを見出した。 The inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that the ground temperature of the culture medium part is more closely linked to the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the temperature in the greenhouse. This is considered because the cultivation liquid which is liquid rather than air has higher thermal conductivity. In other words, the inventors found that the soil temperature adjustment linked to the temperature control of the culture solution supplied to the culture medium portion is more efficient than the conventional soil temperature control linked to the temperature control in the greenhouse using a conventional air conditioner or the like. I found that I can adjust well.
　この知見に基づいて考案した本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部と、この培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培液供給機構とを備える栽培装置であって、上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する温度調節機構をさらに備える栽培装置である。 A cultivation apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention devised based on this knowledge is a cultivation apparatus that includes a medium part for growing a crop, and a cultivation liquid supply mechanism that supplies the cultivation liquid to the medium part. The culture apparatus has a region in which the culture solution is supplied by capillary action, and further includes a temperature adjustment mechanism that adjusts the temperature of the culture solution supplied to the culture solution.
　また、本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、作物を着生させた培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培方法であって、上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する栽培方法である。 Further, the cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention is a cultivation method for supplying a culture solution to a medium part on which a crop is grown, and the medium part has a region to which the culture solution is supplied by capillary action. The cultivation method of adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to the medium part.
　当該栽培装置及び栽培方法は、低コストで比較的高精度で地温を制御できる。 The cultivation apparatus and cultivation method can control the ground temperature with low cost and relatively high accuracy.
本発明の第一実施形態に係る栽培装置を示す模式図である。It is a mimetic diagram showing the cultivation device concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. 図１の栽培装置の構成例を示す模式的平面図である。It is a typical top view which shows the structural example of the cultivation apparatus of FIG. 本発明の第二実施形態に係る栽培装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第三実施形態に係る栽培装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the cultivation apparatus which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention. 温室内気温、貯留槽内液温及び培地部温度の温度変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the greenhouse temperature, the liquid temperature in a storage tank, and culture medium part temperature. 温室内気温、貯留槽内液温及び培地部温度と日照量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the air temperature in a greenhouse, the liquid temperature in a storage tank, a culture-medium part temperature, and the amount of sunlight. 作物による吸水量と培地部の冷却効果との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the amount of water absorption by a crop, and the cooling effect of a culture medium part.
［本発明の実施形態の説明］
　本発明の一実施形態に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部と、この培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培液供給機構とを備える栽培装置であって、上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する温度調節機構をさらに備える栽培装置である。 [Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
A cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is a cultivation apparatus that includes a medium part for growing a crop and a cultivation liquid supply mechanism that supplies a cultivation liquid to the medium part, and the medium part is caused by capillary action. It is a cultivation apparatus which has the area | region where a cultivation liquid is supplied and is further equipped with the temperature control mechanism which adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to the said culture medium part.
　当該栽培装置は、培地部に供給する栽培液の温度調節機構を備え、温度調節された栽培液を毛管現象により上記領域から培地部へ供給する。培地部の地温は、外気温よりも栽培液の温度により密接に連動して変化するので、当該栽培装置は、このように栽培液の温度調節により培地部温度を比較的高精度に調節することができる。また、当該栽培装置は、空気よりも放熱及び拡散の小さい流体である栽培液を用いて熱を輸送するので、効率よく培地部の温度を調節でき、従来のエアコン等で気温調節する場合に比べて、培地部の温度調節のための設備コスト及びランニングコストを低減できる。 The cultivation apparatus includes a temperature control mechanism for the culture solution supplied to the culture unit, and supplies the culture solution adjusted in temperature from the region to the culture unit by capillary action. Since the ground temperature of the medium part changes more closely with the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the outside air temperature, the cultivation apparatus can adjust the medium part temperature with relatively high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid in this way. Can do. Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus transports heat using the cultivation liquid which is a fluid with little heat dissipation and spreading | diffusion than air, it can adjust the temperature of a culture | cultivation part efficiently, compared with the case where temperature control is carried out with the conventional air conditioner etc. Thus, the equipment cost and running cost for adjusting the temperature of the medium part can be reduced.
　また、当該栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部が、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有することで、栽培液の過剰な供給が避けられ、作物の根部に安定的に適度な水分ストレスをかけることができる。また、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される上記領域は、気相が液相に比べて大きく、通気性に優れる。これにより、当該栽培装置は、酸素供給構造がなくとも、酸素不足による根腐れを効果的に抑制することができ、設備コスト及び運転コストを削減できる。ここで、「水分ストレス」とは、例えば作物が低湿度の状態に曝されることによる乾燥ストレス、及び作物を取り囲む環境が高濃度の塩分のため高浸透圧となることによる浸透圧ストレスを意味する。 Further, in the cultivation apparatus, the medium part for growing the crop has a region to which the cultivation liquid is supplied by capillary action, so that excessive supply of the cultivation liquid is avoided, and the cultivation root is stably and moderately appropriate. Moisture stress can be applied. Moreover, the said area | region where culture solution is supplied by capillary phenomenon is large compared with a liquid phase, and is excellent in air permeability. Thereby, even if the said cultivation apparatus does not have an oxygen supply structure, it can suppress the root rot by oxygen shortage effectively, and can reduce an installation cost and an operating cost. Here, “moisture stress” means, for example, drought stress caused by exposure of crops to low humidity conditions, and osmotic stress caused by high osmotic pressure due to high concentration of salt in the environment surrounding the crops. To do.
　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液を貯留する栽培液槽、この栽培液槽から供給される栽培液を一次貯留する貯留槽及びこの貯留槽から培地部に栽培液を流通する送液部を有し、上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽又は送液部に付設されているとよい。栽培液供給機構がこのような貯留槽及び送液部を有することで、培地部と貯留槽とを隔離しても培地部内に栽培液を容易かつ確実に供給することが可能となる。また、上記温度調節機構が栽培液槽に付設される場合、例えば栽培液槽から複数の貯留槽へ供給する栽培液を同時に温度調節できる。また、上記温度調節機構が送液部に付設される場合、栽培液が供給される培地部の上記領域と温度調節機構との距離が小さくなり、温度調節後の栽培液が短時間で培地部へ供給されるので、培地部の温度変化のタイムラグを低減できる。 The cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a cultivation liquid tank that stores the cultivation liquid, a storage tank that primarily stores the cultivation liquid supplied from the cultivation liquid tank, and a liquid feeding unit that distributes the cultivation liquid from the storage tank to the medium part. And the said temperature control mechanism is good to be attached to the said cultivation liquid tank or the liquid feeding part. Since the cultivation liquid supply mechanism has such a storage tank and a liquid feeding part, it is possible to easily and reliably supply the cultivation liquid into the medium part even if the medium part and the storage tank are separated. Moreover, when the said temperature control mechanism is attached to a cultivation liquid tank, the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to a some storage tank, for example from a cultivation liquid tank can be adjusted simultaneously. Moreover, when the said temperature control mechanism is attached to a liquid feeding part, the distance of the said area | region of the culture medium part to which a culture solution is supplied, and a temperature control mechanism becomes small, and the culture solution after temperature control becomes a culture medium part in a short time. Therefore, the time lag of the temperature change of the culture medium part can be reduced.
　上記栽培液槽の栽培液を上記培地部の上方から供給する栽培液補助供給機構をさらに備え、上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽に付設され、上記栽培液補助供給機構により培地部に供給された栽培液を上記貯留槽を介して栽培液槽に循環するとよい。このように、温度調節機構が付設された栽培液槽の栽培液を培地部の上方から供給する栽培液補助供給機構を備えることで、培地部を流通する温度調節された栽培液の流速を大きくできるため、培地部の温度調節作用を促進できる。これにより、例えば栽培初期や夜間などの作物の吸水量が小さい場合でも、より確実に培地部の温度を調節できる。また、栽培液補助供給機構により培地部に供給された栽培液を栽培液槽に循環させるので、培地部は栽培液が過剰な状態とならず作物の根部へ適度な水分ストレスがかかる状態を維持させることができる。 It further comprises a cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism for supplying the cultivation liquid in the cultivation liquid tank from above the medium part, and the temperature adjusting mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank and is supplied to the medium part by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism. The cultivated liquid may be circulated to the cultivated liquid tank through the storage tank. Thus, the flow rate of the temperature-controlled cultivation liquid which distribute | circulates a culture | cultivation part is enlarged by providing the cultivation-liquid auxiliary | assistant supply mechanism which supplies the cultivation liquid of the cultivation liquid tank attached with the temperature control mechanism from the upper direction of a culture-medium part. As a result, the temperature control action of the medium part can be promoted. Thereby, for example, even when the amount of water absorption of the crop at the beginning of cultivation or at night is small, the temperature of the medium part can be adjusted more reliably. In addition, since the cultivation liquid supplied to the culture medium part by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism is circulated to the cultivation liquid tank, the culture medium part is maintained in a state where the cultivation liquid is not excessive and moderate moisture stress is applied to the root of the crop. Can be made.
　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液を貯留する栽培液槽及びこの栽培液槽から供給される栽培液を保持する貯留槽を有し、上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽に付設されていてもよい。このように、貯留槽へ栽培液を供給する栽培液槽に温度調節機構が付設されていることで、例えば栽培液槽から複数の貯留槽へ栽培液を供給する場合、複数の貯留槽へ供給する栽培液の温度を同時に調節することができると共に、貯留槽毎に温度調節するよりも栽培液の温度調節に要するエネルギーを抑制でき、ランニングコストをより低減できる。 Even if the said cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a storage tank which holds the cultivation liquid tank which stores a cultivation liquid, and the cultivation liquid supplied from this cultivation liquid tank, and the said temperature control mechanism is attached to the said cultivation liquid tank Good. As described above, the temperature adjustment mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank that supplies the cultivation liquid to the storage tank. For example, when the cultivation liquid is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank to the plurality of storage tanks, the supply is performed to the plurality of storage tanks. The temperature of the cultivation liquid to be adjusted can be adjusted at the same time, and the energy required for adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid can be suppressed and the running cost can be reduced more than adjusting the temperature for each storage tank.
　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液槽内の栽培液温度と培地部内の栽培液温度との差が５℃以内になるよう構成されているとよい。このように、栽培液槽内の栽培液温度と培地部内の栽培液温度との差が上記上限以内となるよう栽培液供給機構を構成することで、培地の温度をより精度よく所望の温度に調節できる。 The above-mentioned cultivation liquid supply mechanism is good to be constituted so that the difference of the cultivation liquid temperature in a cultivation liquid tank and the cultivation liquid temperature in a culture-medium part may be less than 5 ° C. Thus, by configuring the cultivation liquid supply mechanism so that the difference between the cultivation liquid temperature in the cultivation liquid tank and the cultivation liquid temperature in the medium portion is within the above upper limit, the temperature of the medium is more accurately adjusted to a desired temperature. Can be adjusted.
　上記貯留槽における栽培液の水位を検出する機構をさらに備えるとよい。このように、貯留槽内の栽培液の水位を検出する機構を備えることで、検出される水位から作物の根部にかかる水分ストレスを判定できるので、貯留槽内の栽培液の水位の調節により作物の根部に適切な水分ストレスをかけることができる。その結果、収穫する作物の糖度をより高めることができる。 It is preferable to further include a mechanism for detecting the water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank. In this way, by providing a mechanism for detecting the water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank, it is possible to determine the water stress on the root of the crop from the detected water level, so by adjusting the water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank Appropriate moisture stress can be applied to the roots of the leaves. As a result, the sugar content of the crop to be harvested can be further increased.
　上記温度調節機構が、サーモスタット及びヒーターを有しているとよい。このように、サーモスタット及びヒーターを有する温度調節機構とすることで、設備コストをより低減できると共に、簡易な構成で栽培液の温度調節ができる。 The temperature control mechanism may have a thermostat and a heater. Thus, by setting it as the temperature control mechanism which has a thermostat and a heater, while being able to reduce installation cost more, the temperature control of cultivation liquid can be performed with a simple structure.
　上記培地部が、枠体及びこの枠体内に充填される粒子を有するとよい。このように、培地部の枠体に粒子を充填することで、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される上記領域における気相の液相に対する比をより高めることができ、酸素供給能力を効果的に高めることができる。また、上記領域で毛管現象が発現できる量の土壌等の粒子が枠体内に充填されればよいので、従来の土壌栽培に比べて土壌の使用量を大幅に低減でき、培地部を軽量化できる。これにより、樹脂パイプ等の安価な材料で形成した足場の上に農地を設ける構成とでき、足場の調節により農地の高低差を容易に調整できる。 The medium part may have a frame and particles filled in the frame. Thus, by filling particles in the frame of the culture medium part, the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase in the region where the cultivation liquid is supplied by capillary action can be further increased, and the oxygen supply capacity is effectively increased. Can be increased. In addition, since it is only necessary to fill the frame with particles of soil or the like in an amount capable of causing capillary action in the above region, the amount of soil used can be greatly reduced compared to conventional soil cultivation, and the medium part can be reduced in weight. . Thereby, it can be set as the structure which provides farmland on the scaffold formed with cheap materials, such as a resin pipe, and the height difference of farmland can be easily adjusted by adjustment of a scaffold.
　上記充填される粒子の毛管上昇高さとしては、３ｃｍ以上３００ｃｍ以下が好ましい。このような毛管上昇高さとすることで、装置設計の自由度を高められるほか、農作業の作業性を向上させることができる。 The capillary height of the filled particles is preferably 3 cm or more and 300 cm or less. By setting such a capillary rise height, the degree of freedom in device design can be increased, and the workability of farm work can be improved.
　上記粒子は、粒径０．１ｍｍ以上１ｍｍ以下の単粒を５０質量％以上含むことが好ましい。上記粒子をこのような構成とすることで、培地部における毛管現象をより効果的に発揮させることができ、かつ上記領域における気相の液相に対する比をさらに高めることで酸素不足による根腐れをより効果的に抑制することができる。ここで、「粒径」とは、ＪＩＳ－Ｚ８８０１－１（２００６）に規定される篩を用い、目開きの大きい篩から順に粒子をかけて篩上の粒子数と各篩の目開きとから算出される粒子の平均径である。 The particles preferably contain 50% by mass or more of single particles having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less. By configuring the particles in this way, it is possible to more effectively exhibit the capillary phenomenon in the medium part, and to further increase the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase in the region, thereby reducing root rot due to lack of oxygen. It can suppress more effectively. Here, the “particle size” is based on the number of particles on the sieve and the openings of each sieve by using the sieves defined in JIS-Z8801-1 (2006) and applying the particles in order from the sieve with the largest openings. It is the average particle diameter calculated.
　上記粒子のタップ密度としては、１．００ｇ／ｃｍ３以上３．００ｇ／ｃｍ３以下が好ましい。このように粒子のタップ密度を上記範囲内とすることで、培地部の粒子が毛管現象をより効果的に発揮することができ、かつ上記領域における気相の液相に対する比をより高めることで酸素不足による根腐れをより効果的に抑制することができる。ここで、「タップ密度」とは、粉体の嵩密度を意味し、ＪＩＳ－Ｚ２５１２（２０１２）に準拠して測定される値である。 The tap density of the particles is preferably 1.00 g / cm 3 or more and 3.00 g / cm 3 or less. Thus, by making the tap density of the particles within the above range, the particles in the medium part can more effectively exhibit the capillary phenomenon, and further increase the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase in the above region. Root decay due to lack of oxygen can be more effectively suppressed. Here, the “tap density” means the bulk density of the powder, and is a value measured according to JIS-Z2512 (2012).
　また、別の本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、作物を着生させた培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培方法であって、上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する栽培方法である。 Moreover, the cultivation method which concerns on another aspect of this invention is a cultivation method which supplies a culture solution to the culture medium part which made the crop grow, Comprising: The area | region where a culture solution is supplied by the said culture medium part by capillary phenomenon It is the cultivation method which has and adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to the said culture medium part.
　当該栽培方法は、培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節することにより、温度調節された栽培液を毛管現象により上記領域から培地部へ供給する。培地部の地温は、外気温よりも栽培液の温度により密接に連動して変化するので、当該栽培方法は、このように栽培液の温度調節により培地部温度を比較的高精度に調節することができる。また、当該栽培方法は、空気よりも放熱及び拡散の小さい流体である栽培液を用いて熱を輸送するので、効率よく培地部の温度を調節でき、従来のエアコン等で気温調節する場合に比べて培地部の温度調節のための設備コスト及びランニングコストを低減できる。 In this cultivation method, by adjusting the temperature of the culture solution supplied to the medium part, the temperature-controlled culture liquid is supplied from the above region to the medium part by capillary action. Since the ground temperature of the medium part changes more closely with the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the outside air temperature, the cultivation method should adjust the medium part temperature with relatively high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid in this way. Can do. In addition, since the cultivation method transports heat using a cultivation liquid that is a fluid with less heat dissipation and diffusion than air, the temperature of the medium part can be adjusted efficiently, compared with the case of adjusting the temperature with a conventional air conditioner or the like. Thus, the equipment cost and the running cost for adjusting the temperature of the medium part can be reduced.
　また、当該栽培方法は、作物を着生させる培地部が、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有することで、栽培液の過剰な供給が避けられ、作物の根部に安定的に適度な水分ストレスをかけることができる。また、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される上記領域は、気相が液相に比べて大きく、通気性に優れる。これにより、当該栽培方法は、酸素供給構造がなくとも、酸素不足による根腐れを効果的に抑制でき、設備コスト及び運転コストを削減できる。 In addition, the cultivation method has an area where the culture solution is fed by a capillary phenomenon so that the cultivation solution is supplied, so that excessive supply of the cultivation solution is avoided, and the cultivation root is stably and moderately Moisture stress can be applied. Moreover, the said area | region where culture solution is supplied by capillary phenomenon is large compared with a liquid phase, and is excellent in air permeability. Thereby, even if the said cultivation method does not have an oxygen supply structure, it can suppress the root rot by oxygen shortage effectively, and can reduce an installation cost and an operating cost.
［本発明の実施形態の詳細］
　以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態に係る栽培装置及び栽培方法を説明する。 [Details of the embodiment of the present invention]
Hereinafter, a cultivation device and a cultivation method concerning an embodiment of the present invention are explained, referring to drawings.
〔第一実施形態〕
　図１に示す当該栽培装置１は、作物Ｑを着生させる培地部２と、この培地部２に栽培液Ｒを供給する栽培液供給機構３と、培地部２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する温度調節機構４とを主に備える。培地部２は、枠体５と、この枠体５内に充填される充填粒子６とを有し、この充填粒子６の毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域７を有する。また、栽培液供給機構３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽８と、この栽培液槽８から供給される栽培液Ｒを一次貯留する貯留槽９と、この貯留槽９から培地部２に栽培液Ｒを流通する送液部１０とを有する。また、温度調節機構４は、サーモスタット１１及びヒーター１２を有し、これらは栽培液槽８に付設されている。また、当該栽培装置１は、遮根透水シート１６、第一防水シート１７ａ及び第二防水シート１７ｂを備える。 [First embodiment]
The cultivation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a culture medium part 2 for growing a crop Q, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium part 2, and a temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the culture medium part 2. And a temperature adjustment mechanism 4 for adjusting the temperature. The culture medium part 2 has a frame body 5 and filled particles 6 filled in the frame body 5, and has a cultivation liquid supply region 7 to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filled particles 6. The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 includes a cultivation liquid tank 8 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 9 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 8, and a medium section 2 from the storage tank 9. And the liquid feeding part 10 which distribute | circulates the cultivation liquid R. The temperature adjusting mechanism 4 includes a thermostat 11 and a heater 12, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 8. Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus 1 is provided with the root | penetration water-permeable sheet 16, the 1st waterproof sheet 17a, and the 2nd waterproof sheet 17b.
＜培地部＞
　培地部２は、枠体５と、この枠体５内に充填される充填粒子６と、この充填粒子６が充填される層に毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域７とを有し、作物Ｑを着生させる部分である。 <Medium part>
The culture medium unit 2 includes a frame 5, filling particles 6 filled in the frame 5, and a cultivation liquid supply region 7 in which the cultivation liquid R is supplied to the layer filled with the filling particles 6 by capillary action. This is the part where crop Q is grown.
（枠体）
　枠体５は、充填される充填粒子６を保持すると共に、作物Ｑの根が枠体５外へ貫通することを防止する。 (Frame)
The frame body 5 holds the filled particles 6 to be filled and prevents the roots of the crop Q from penetrating out of the frame body 5.
　枠体５は有底筒状体である。枠体５の平面形状としては特に限定されないが、輸送の観点からは重ね合わせ可能な形状が好ましく、円形がより好ましい。また、枠体５の底部は遮根透水シート１６で構成される。このように枠体５の少なくとも底部を遮根透水シート１６とすることで、培地部２内の作物Ｑの根部が貯留槽９に浸漬することを防止できる。 The frame 5 is a bottomed cylindrical body. Although it does not specifically limit as a planar shape of the frame 5, From the viewpoint of transport, the shape which can be overlap | superposed is preferable and circular is more preferable. Further, the bottom of the frame 5 is constituted by a root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16. Thus, by making at least the bottom part of the frame 5 into the root water-permeable sheet 16, the root part of the crop Q in the culture medium part 2 can be prevented from being immersed in the storage tank 9.
　なお、枠体５の底部だけでなく、側部及び上部も遮根透水シート１６とする構成としてもよいが、培地部２の保水性を高める観点からは底面のみを遮根透水シート１６とすることが好ましい。 In addition, although not only the bottom part of the frame 5 but a side part and an upper part are good also as a structure which makes the root impermeable sheet 16, from a viewpoint of improving the water retention of the culture medium part 2, only a bottom face is made into the root impermeable sheet 16. It is preferable.
　枠体５の平均内径の下限としては、６ｃｍが好ましく、９ｃｍがより好ましい。一方、枠体５の平均内径の上限としては、２３ｃｍが好ましく、１５ｃｍがより好ましい。枠体５の平均内径が上記下限に満たない場合、作物Ｑの根部が十分に広がることができず生育不良となるおそれがある。逆に、枠体５の平均内径が上記上限を超える場合、培地部２の質量が大きくなりすぎるおそれがある。なお、「平均内径」とは、枠体５の平面視内面形状と同面積の円の直径（真円換算径）を枠体５の高さ方向で平均した値を意味する。 The lower limit of the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is preferably 6 cm, and more preferably 9 cm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is preferably 23 cm, and more preferably 15 cm. If the average inner diameter of the frame 5 is less than the above lower limit, the root of the crop Q cannot be sufficiently spread and there is a risk of poor growth. On the contrary, when the average inner diameter of the frame 5 exceeds the upper limit, the mass of the culture medium part 2 may be too large. The “average inner diameter” means a value obtained by averaging the diameters of circles having the same area as the shape of the inner surface of the frame body 5 in plan view (diameter in terms of a perfect circle) in the height direction of the frame body 5.
　枠体５の底部（遮根透水シート１６）を除く部分を構成する材料としては特に限定されないが、通気性と透水性とを有する紙、シート状の樹脂等が挙げられる。シート状の樹脂は織布でも不織布でもよく、その中でも多孔質樹脂フィルムが好ましく、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等のフッ素樹脂製フィルムを延伸した多孔質樹脂フィルムがより好ましい。 Although it does not specifically limit as a material which comprises the part except the bottom part (root shield water-permeable sheet 16) of the frame 5, Paper which has air permeability and water permeability, sheet-like resin, etc. are mentioned. The sheet-like resin may be a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. Among them, a porous resin film is preferable, and a porous resin film obtained by stretching a fluororesin film such as polytetrafluoroethylene is more preferable.
　遮根透水シート１６は、枠体５の底面部分のみに配設してもよいが、図１に示すように平面視で枠体５以外の領域にも敷設してもよい。遮根透水シート１６は、透水性を有するため、このように敷設することで栽培液の送液を邪魔せずに、防水、遮光等の機能を奏する。なお、枠体５の底部と遮根透水シート１６とは接着されていてもよいし、枠体５を遮根透水シート１６の上に載置してもよい。 The root water-permeable sheet 16 may be disposed only on the bottom surface portion of the frame 5, but may also be laid in a region other than the frame 5 in a plan view as shown in FIG. 1. Since the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16 has water permeability, by laying in this way, it exhibits functions such as waterproofing and light-shielding without disturbing the feeding of the cultivation liquid. In addition, the bottom part of the frame 5 and the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16 may be bonded, or the frame 5 may be placed on the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16.
　遮根透水シート１６の素材としては、特に限定されないが、例えば紙、織布等が挙げられる。 Although it does not specifically limit as a raw material of the root | root water-permeable sheet | seat 16, For example, paper, a woven fabric, etc. are mentioned.
　遮根透水シート１６の平均厚みの下限としては、０．１ｍｍが好ましく、０．２ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、遮根透水シート１６の平均厚みの上限としては、５ｍｍが好ましく、３ｍｍがより好ましい。遮根透水シート１６の平均厚みが上記下限に満たない場合、遮根性が損なわれるおそれがある。逆に、遮根透水シート１６の平均厚みが上記上限を超える場合、遮根透水シート１６のコストが高くなりすぎるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average thickness of the root impermeable sheet 16 is preferably 0.1 mm, and more preferably 0.2 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average thickness of the root impermeable sheet 16 is preferably 5 mm and more preferably 3 mm. When the average thickness of the root water-permeable sheet 16 is less than the lower limit, the root shielding property may be impaired. Conversely, if the average thickness of the root-permeable sheet 16 exceeds the upper limit, the cost of the root-permeable sheet 16 may be too high.
（充填粒子）
　枠体５内に充填される充填粒子６の中層部及び下層部が、毛管現象を発現する栽培液供給領域７に含まれる。充填粒子６としては、充填により毛管現象を発現するものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば土壌、パミスサンド等の微粒軽石、多孔性の火山岩の粉砕粒、粒状のロックウール、コーラルサンド、サンゴ、木炭等が挙げられる。これらは２種以上を混合して用いてもよい。これらの充填粒子６のうち、良好な毛管現象が確保され、また不要になった場合に自然土に返せる観点から、土壌が好ましい。 (Filled particles)
The middle layer portion and the lower layer portion of the filler particles 6 filled in the frame 5 are included in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 that develops the capillary phenomenon. The filler particles 6 are not particularly limited as long as they exhibit capillary action by filling, but for example, fine pumice such as soil, pumice sand, pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral sand, coral, charcoal Etc. You may use these in mixture of 2 or more types. Of these filled particles 6, soil is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring good capillary action and returning it to natural soil when it becomes unnecessary.
　上記土壌としては、例えば市販の園芸用の培土、バーミキュライト、ベントナイト、ゼオライト、砂、鹿沼土、赤玉土、真砂土等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、砂が好ましい。上記土壌として砂を用いることで、気相の液相に対する比をより高めて、酸素供給能力を効果的に高めることができる。これにより、酸素供給構造がなくとも、酸素不足による根腐れを効果的に抑制することができる。また、砂は一般的な培土に比べて有機物含量が低く微生物生息数も少ないので根病が起こり難い。 Examples of the soil include commercially available horticultural soil, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, sand, Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, and true sand soil. Among these, sand is preferable. By using sand as the soil, the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase can be further increased, and the oxygen supply capacity can be effectively increased. Thereby, even if there is no oxygen supply structure, root rot due to lack of oxygen can be effectively suppressed. In addition, since sand has a lower organic matter content and a lower microbial population compared to general soil, root disease is unlikely to occur.
　充填粒子６の単粒の粒径の下限としては、０．１ｍｍが好ましく、０．１５ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、上記粒径の上限としては、１ｍｍが好ましく、０．６ｍｍがより好ましい。上記粒径が上記下限に満たない場合、栽培液供給領域７の空隙部分が少なくなり過ぎて過湿になり雑菌が繁殖し易くなるおそれがある。逆に、上記粒径が上記上限を超える場合、栽培液供給領域７の空隙が大きくなりすぎて毛管現象が弱くなり、所定の量の栽培液Ｒを根部に給水できなくなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the single particle size of the filled particles 6 is preferably 0.1 mm, and more preferably 0.15 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the particle size is preferably 1 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm. When the said particle size is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the space | gap part of the cultivation liquid supply area | region 7 may decrease too much, and it may become overhumid and a germ may propagate easily. On the other hand, when the particle size exceeds the upper limit, the gap in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 becomes too large and the capillary phenomenon becomes weak, and there is a possibility that a predetermined amount of the cultivation liquid R cannot be supplied to the root.
　充填粒子６の粒径０．１ｍｍ以上１ｍｍ以下の単粒の含有割合の下限としては、５０質量％が好ましく、８０質量％がより好ましい。上記単粒の含有割合が上記下限に満たない場合、栽培液供給領域７が発揮する毛管現象が弱くなり、所定の量の栽培液Ｒを根部に給水できなくなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the content ratio of single particles having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less of the packed particles 6 is preferably 50% by mass, and more preferably 80% by mass. When the content rate of the said single grain is less than the said minimum, the capillary phenomenon which the cultivation liquid supply area | region 7 exhibits becomes weak, and there exists a possibility that the predetermined amount of cultivation liquid R cannot be supplied to a root part.
　充填粒子６を構成する粒子のタップ密度の下限としては、１．００ｇ／ｃｍ３が好ましく、１．６５ｇ／ｃｍ３がより好ましく、１．７０ｇ／ｃｍ３がさらに好ましい。一方、上記粒子のタップ密度の上限としては、３．００ｇ／ｃｍ３が好ましく、１．８５ｇ／ｃｍ３がより好ましく、１．８３ｇ／ｃｍ３がさらに好ましい。上記粒子のタップ密度が上記下限に満たない場合、栽培液供給領域７の空隙が大きくなりすぎて毛管現象が弱くなり、所定の量の栽培液Ｒを根部に給水できなくなるおそれがある。逆に、上記粒子のタップ密度が上記上限を超える場合、栽培液供給領域７の空隙部分が少なくなり過ぎて過湿になり雑菌が繁殖し易くなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the tap density of the particles constituting the filler particles 6 is preferably from 1.00 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.65 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.70 g / cm 3. On the other hand, the upper limit of the tap density of the particles is preferably from 3.00 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.85 g / cm 3, more preferably 1.83 g / cm 3. When the tap density of the particles is less than the lower limit, the gap in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 becomes too large, the capillary phenomenon is weakened, and a predetermined amount of the cultivation liquid R may not be supplied to the root. On the other hand, when the tap density of the particles exceeds the upper limit, there is a possibility that the void portion of the cultivation liquid supply region 7 becomes too small and becomes excessively humid, so that germs can easily propagate.
　充填粒子６の毛管上昇高さの下限としては、３ｃｍが好ましく、１０ｃｍがより好ましく、２０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。一方、充填粒子６の毛管上昇高さの上限としては、３００ｃｍが好ましく、２００ｃｍがより好ましく、４０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。充填粒子６の毛管上昇高さを上記範囲とすることで、装置設計の自由度を高められるほか、農作業の作業性を向上させることができる。充填粒子６の毛管上昇高さが上記下限に満たない場合、作物Ｑの根部に栽培液Ｒを給水できず作物Ｑが生育不良となるおそれがある。逆に、充填粒子６の毛管上昇高さが上記上限を超える場合、根部に水分ストレスを与え難くなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the capillary rising height of the filled particles 6 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the capillary height of the filled particles 6 is preferably 300 cm, more preferably 200 cm, and even more preferably 40 cm. By setting the capillary height of the packed particles 6 within the above range, the degree of freedom in device design can be increased and the workability of farm work can be improved. When the capillary height of the filled particles 6 is less than the lower limit, the cultivation liquid R cannot be supplied to the root of the crop Q, and the crop Q may be poorly grown. On the contrary, when the capillary rising height of the filler particles 6 exceeds the above upper limit, it may be difficult to apply moisture stress to the root.
　なお、毛管上昇高さ［ｍ］ｈは、栽培液Ｒの表面張力［Ｎ／ｍ］をＴ、栽培液Ｒの接触角［°］をθ、栽培液Ｒの密度［ｋｇ／ｍ３］をρ、重力［ｍ／ｓ２］をｇ、充填粒子６の質量１０％粒子径［ｍ］をｒとすると、下記式（１）で求められる。ここで、「質量１０％粒子径」とは、ＪＩＳ－Ａ１２０４（２００９）「土の粒度試験方法」に準拠して、粒径加積曲線から読み取られる通過質量百分率が１０％のときの粒径Ｄ（１０％粒径Ｄ１０）を意味する。
　ｈ＝２Ｔｃｏｓθ／ρｇｒ　・・・（１） The height of the capillary rise [m] h is the surface tension [N / m] of the cultivation liquid R, the contact angle [°] of the cultivation liquid R is θ, and the density [kg / m 3 ] of the cultivation liquid R. When ρ, gravity [m / s 2 ] is g, and mass 10% particle diameter [m] of the packed particles 6 is r, the following equation (1) is obtained. Here, the “mass 10% particle size” means the particle size when the passing mass percentage read from the particle size accumulation curve is 10% in accordance with JIS-A1204 (2009) “Soil particle size test method”. D (10% particle size D 10 ) is meant.
h = 2T cos θ / ρgr (1)
　１つの枠体５において、栽培液供給領域７の枠体５の底面からの高さが０ｃｍの位置における栽培液Ｒの平均流速の下限としては、０．２Ｌ／ｈｒが好ましく、０．３Ｌ／ｈｒがより好ましい。上記栽培液Ｒの平均流速が上記下限に満たない場合、作物Ｑが必要な吸水速度に満たないため、水切れにより作物Ｑが枯れるおそれがある。なお、平均流速とは、枠体５の底面を通過して栽培液供給領域７に至る栽培液Ｒの通過量［Ｌ］を５つ以上の独立した枠体５で測定して得られる数値の平均値である。 In one frame 5, the lower limit of the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R at a position where the height from the bottom surface of the frame 5 in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is 0 cm is preferably 0.2 L / hr, and 0.3 L / hr is more preferable. When the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R is less than the above lower limit, the crop Q is less than the required water absorption rate, and therefore, the crop Q may be dried up due to running out of water. The average flow velocity is a numerical value obtained by measuring the passing amount [L] of the cultivation liquid R that passes through the bottom surface of the frame body 5 and reaches the cultivation liquid supply region 7 with five or more independent frame bodies 5. Average value.
　栽培液供給領域７における栽培液Ｒの平均流速が十分に大きい条件では、栽培液供給領域７に作物Ｑの吸水速度が平均流速以下となる地点が存在するため、作物Ｑは際限なく吸水する（このときの吸水量を最大吸水日量という）。この状態から後述する貯留槽９の液面の水位を少しずつ下げていくと、徐々に給水速度が低下して吸水に制限が掛かる（このときの吸水量を制限吸水日量という）。当該栽培装置１では作物Ｑの吸水日量は水消費日量から概算できるため、吸水量を任意の割合に制限できる。栽培液Ｒの平均流速が制限されても給水は継続するため、給水量を制限する場合と比べて培地部２は乾燥し難く、根部が傷むおそれは小さい。給水速度制限による培地部２の保水量の低下は、培地部２の重量の低下によっても計測できる。そのため、管理者は高価な水分センサーがなくとも水分を管理できる。 Under conditions where the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is sufficiently large, the crop Q absorbs water indefinitely because there is a point in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 where the water absorption rate of the crop Q is equal to or less than the average flow rate ( The amount of water absorption at this time is called the maximum water absorption amount). When the water level of the liquid level in the storage tank 9 to be described later is gradually lowered from this state, the water supply speed is gradually lowered and the water absorption is limited (the water absorption amount at this time is referred to as the limited water absorption amount). In the said cultivation apparatus 1, since the water absorption daily amount of the crop Q can be estimated from water consumption daily amount, water absorption amount can be restrict | limited to arbitrary ratios. Since the water supply continues even if the average flow rate of the cultivation liquid R is restricted, the culture medium part 2 is less likely to be dried than the case where the water supply amount is restricted, and the risk of damaging the root part is small. The decrease in the amount of water retained in the culture medium part 2 due to the water supply speed limitation can also be measured by the decrease in the weight of the culture medium part 2. Therefore, the administrator can manage moisture without an expensive moisture sensor.
　充填粒子６の充填高さの下限としては、１ｃｍが好ましく、３ｃｍがより好ましく、５ｃｍがさらに好ましい。一方、充填粒子６の充填高さの上限としては、５０ｃｍが好ましく、３０ｃｍがより好ましく、１５ｃｍがさらに好ましい。充填粒子６の充填高さが上記下限に満たない場合、作物Ｑの根が栽培液供給領域７の毛管構造を破壊することにより、生育不良となるおそれがある。逆に、充填粒子６の充填高さが上記上限を超える場合、培地部２の質量が大きくなりすぎるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the filling height of the packed particles 6 is preferably 1 cm, more preferably 3 cm, and even more preferably 5 cm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the filling height of the packed particles 6 is preferably 50 cm, more preferably 30 cm, and even more preferably 15 cm. When the filling height of the filling particles 6 is less than the lower limit, the roots of the crop Q may break down the capillary structure of the cultivation liquid supply region 7, which may cause poor growth. On the contrary, when the filling height of the filling particles 6 exceeds the above upper limit, the mass of the culture medium part 2 may be too large.
　栽培液供給領域７の栽培液Ｒの保水量の下限としては、０．０４Ｌが好ましく、０．０５Ｌがより好ましく、０．１０Ｌがさらに好ましい。一方、栽培液供給領域７の栽培液Ｒの保水量の上限としては、２Ｌが好ましく、１．５Ｌがより好ましく、０．６Ｌがさらに好ましい。栽培液供給領域７の栽培液Ｒの保水量が上記下限に満たない場合、当該栽培装置１の故障等で栽培液供給機構３による培地部２への給水が失われた場合に、作物Ｑが全滅するリスクが高くなる場合がある。逆に、栽培液Ｒの保水量が上記上限を超える場合、培地部２の質量が大きくなるおそれや、保水量の調節が困難となるおそれがある。なお、保水量とは、保水状態の培地部２の質量から乾燥状態の培地部２の質量を引いた値を体積換算したものをいう。 As a minimum of the amount of water retention of cultivation liquid R of cultivation liquid supply field 7, 0.04L is preferred, 0.05L is more preferred, and 0.10L is still more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the water retention amount of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is preferably 2L, more preferably 1.5L, and even more preferably 0.6L. When the water retention amount of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid supply region 7 is less than the lower limit, the crop Q is lost when the water supply to the medium part 2 by the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 is lost due to a failure of the cultivation apparatus 1 or the like. The risk of annihilation may increase. On the other hand, when the water retention amount of the cultivation liquid R exceeds the above upper limit, the mass of the culture medium part 2 may be increased, or the water retention amount may be difficult to adjust. The water retention amount refers to a volume conversion of a value obtained by subtracting the mass of the culture medium part 2 in the dry state from the mass of the culture medium part 2 in the water retention condition.
＜栽培液供給機構＞
　栽培液供給機構３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽８と、栽培液槽８から供給される栽培液Ｒを一次貯留する貯留槽９と、貯留槽９から培地部２に栽培液Ｒを流通する送液部１０とを有する。 <Culture solution supply mechanism>
The cultivating liquid supply mechanism 3 includes a cultivating liquid tank 8 that stores the cultivating liquid R, a storage tank 9 that primarily stores the cultivating liquid R supplied from the cultivating liquid tank 8, and the cultivating liquid R from the storage tank 9 to the culture unit 2. The liquid feeding part 10 which distribute | circulates.
（送液部）
　送液部１０はシート体である。送液部１０は、培地部２及び貯留槽９間に、その一部が後述の貯留槽９内に浸漬されるように配設されており、貯留槽９の栽培液Ｒを毛管現象により揚水し、遮根透水シート１６を介して培地部２の底部に供給する。栽培液供給機構３が送液部１０を有することで、培地部２と貯留槽９とを隔離しても培地部２内に栽培液Ｒを容易かつ確実に供給することが可能となる。 (Liquid feeding part)
The liquid feeding part 10 is a sheet body. The liquid feeding part 10 is arranged between the culture medium part 2 and the storage tank 9 so that a part thereof is immersed in a storage tank 9 described later, and the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 is pumped by capillary action. Then, it is supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 through the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16. Since the cultivating liquid supply mechanism 3 includes the liquid feeding unit 10, the cultivating liquid R can be easily and reliably supplied into the medium unit 2 even if the medium unit 2 and the storage tank 9 are separated.
　送液部１０は、毛管現象により栽培液Ｒを揚水し、培地部２の底部に供給できるものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば不織布、ロックウールシート、フェルトシート、ウレタンシート等が挙げられる。これらのうち、適度な毛管現象の発現及び適切な吸水率を発揮させる観点から、不織布が好ましい。 The liquid feeding part 10 is not particularly limited as long as it can pump the culture liquid R by capillary action and supply it to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2, and examples thereof include a nonwoven fabric, a rock wool sheet, a felt sheet, and a urethane sheet. Among these, non-woven fabrics are preferred from the viewpoint of appropriate capillary action and appropriate water absorption.
　送液部１０の透水率の下限としては、０．０１％が好ましく、１％がより好ましい。一方、送液部１０の透水率の上限としては、４０％が好ましく、３０％がより好ましい。送液部１０の透水率が上記下限に満たない場合、培地部２の底部に供給される栽培液Ｒの量が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、送液部１０の透水率が上記上限を超える場合、送液部１０ひいては当該栽培装置１のコストが高くなりすぎるおそれがある。ここで、「透水率」とは、平面状の送液部１０の表面から水を散布した際に送液部１０の裏面へ通過した水の比率をあらわす。 The lower limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 1%. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10, 40% is preferable and 30% is more preferable. When the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2 may become inadequate. On the contrary, when the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 and the said cultivation apparatus 1 may become high too much. Here, the “water permeability” represents the ratio of water that has passed to the back surface of the liquid feeding unit 10 when water is sprayed from the surface of the planar liquid feeding unit 10.
　送液部１０の平均厚みの下限としては、０．５ｍｍが好ましく、０．７ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、送液部１０の平均厚みの上限としては、２ｍｍが好ましく、１．５ｍｍがより好ましい。送液部１０の平均厚みが上記下限に満たない場合、送液部１０の強度が低下し破断するおそれがある。逆に、送液部１０の平均厚みが上記上限を超える場合、送液部１０のコストが高くなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 is preferably 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10, 2 mm is preferable and 1.5 mm is more preferable. When the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the intensity | strength of the liquid feeding part 10 may fall and it may fracture | rupture. On the contrary, when the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 may become high.
　送液部１０の揚水高さの下限としては、３ｃｍが好ましく、１０ｃｍがより好ましく、２０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。一方、送液部１０の揚水高さの上限としては、３００ｃｍが好ましく、２００ｃｍがより好ましく、４０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。送液部１０の揚水高さが上記下限に満たない場合、培地部２の底部に供給される栽培液Ｒの量が不十分となり水切れが起こるおそれがある。逆に、送液部１０の揚水高さが上記上限を超える場合、送液部１０のコストが高くなるおそれがある。ここで、揚水高さとは、以下の手法で測定される。まず、送液部１０を幅４ｃｍ、長さ１２０ｃｍに切断したシートを平均厚み０．０３ｍｍのポリエチレンフィルムで被覆（熱圧着で袋状としたフィルムにシートを挿入して周りを被覆）したものを測定サンプルとし、鉛直に測定サンプルを吊り下げられるようにした架台にセットする。このとき、上部及び下部を５ｃｍ開放して液面に接しておくようにする。そして、２４時間で液面から揚水した高さを５回測定した値の平均値を揚水高さとする。 The lower limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 10 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10, 300 cm is preferable, 200 cm is more preferable, and 40 cm is further more preferable. When the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10 is less than the said minimum, the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 2 may become inadequate, and there exists a possibility that water drainage may occur. On the contrary, when the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 10 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 10 may become high. Here, the pumping height is measured by the following method. First, a sheet obtained by cutting the liquid feeding part 10 into a width of 4 cm and a length of 120 cm is coated with a polyethylene film having an average thickness of 0.03 mm (the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding to cover the surroundings). Set as a measurement sample, and place it on a stand that allows the measurement sample to be suspended vertically. At this time, the upper and lower portions are opened by 5 cm so as to be in contact with the liquid surface. And let the average value of the value which measured the height pumped up from the liquid surface in 24 hours 5 times be pumping height.
（貯留槽）
　貯留槽９は、培地部２へ供給する栽培液Ｒを一次貯留する槽であり、非透水性の材質で構成される。貯留槽９は培地部２と離間して配設される。具体的には図２に示すように、貯留槽９は、培地部２の下方かつ平面視で培地部２と重複しない領域に配設されている。このような領域に貯留槽９を配設することで、作物Ｑの根が貯留槽９に侵入することをより確実に防止できると共に、複数の培地部２で１つの貯留槽９を共有することができる。なお、貯留槽９は、上方が開放され栽培液Ｒの供給を容易にすると共に、底面及び側面には第二防水シート１７ｂが敷設され栽培液Ｒの漏出を防止している。第一防水シート１７ａと第二防水シート１７ｂとは一枚のシートから形成されてもよい。 (Reservoir)
The storage tank 9 is a tank that primarily stores the culture solution R supplied to the culture medium unit 2 and is made of a non-permeable material. The storage tank 9 is disposed separately from the culture medium unit 2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the storage tank 9 is disposed below the medium part 2 and in a region that does not overlap with the medium part 2 in plan view. By arranging the storage tank 9 in such a region, it is possible to more reliably prevent the root of the crop Q from entering the storage tank 9 and to share one storage tank 9 with the plurality of culture medium units 2. Can do. The storage tank 9 is open at the top to facilitate the supply of the cultivation liquid R, and the second waterproof sheet 17b is laid on the bottom and side surfaces to prevent the cultivation liquid R from leaking out. The first waterproof sheet 17a and the second waterproof sheet 17b may be formed from a single sheet.
　貯留槽９内には送液部１０の一部が浸漬されており、栽培液Ｒはこの送液部１０を介して培地部２の底部に供給される。栽培液Ｒは貯留槽９から培地部２へ一方向的に送液されるため、水耕栽培に見られる貯留水を介した病害の水平伝播を防止できる。 A part of the liquid feeding unit 10 is immersed in the storage tank 9, and the culture solution R is supplied to the bottom of the culture medium unit 2 through the liquid feeding unit 10. Since the cultivating liquid R is unidirectionally fed from the storage tank 9 to the culture medium part 2, it is possible to prevent horizontal propagation of diseases through the stored water found in hydroponics.
　貯留槽９の上部は、遮光材で遮光されていることが好ましい。この遮光材としては、例えば遮根透水シート１６、第一防水シート１７ａ等を使用できる。このように貯留槽９が遮光されることで、貯留槽９において藻が繁殖することを抑制することができる。加えて、当該栽培装置１においては、貯留槽９の保持する栽培液Ｒが作物Ｑの根に直接接触しない。これらの相乗効果で、貯留槽９は清潔な状態が保たれており、栽培液Ｒはフィルター処理せずとも雑菌の繁殖が抑制されている。 It is preferable that the upper part of the storage tank 9 is shielded from light by a light shielding material. As this light shielding material, for example, the root water-permeable sheet 16, the first waterproof sheet 17a and the like can be used. Thus, since the storage tank 9 is shielded from light, it is possible to prevent the algae from breeding in the storage tank 9. In addition, in the cultivation apparatus 1, the cultivation liquid R held in the storage tank 9 does not directly contact the root of the crop Q. With these synergistic effects, the storage tank 9 is kept clean, and the growth of the germs R is suppressed without filtering.
＜防水シート＞
　第一防水シート１７ａは、培地部２設置領域以外の領域の遮根透水シート１６及び送液部１０の上面側に積層されるシートであり、栽培液Ｒの蒸発、漏出した栽培液Ｒ等が貯留槽９に混入すること等を防止する。また、上述したように、第一防水シート１７ａは、遮光材としての機能も発揮することができる。 <Waterproof sheet>
The 1st waterproof sheet 17a is a sheet | seat laminated | stacked on the upper surface side of the root | blocking water-permeable sheet | seat 16 of the area | regions other than the culture | cultivation part 2 installation area | region, and the liquid feeding part 10, evaporation of the cultivation liquid R, cultivation liquid R etc. which leaked Mixing into the storage tank 9 is prevented. Moreover, as above-mentioned, the 1st waterproof sheet 17a can also exhibit the function as a light-shielding material.
　第二防水シート１７ｂは、遮根透水シート１６と送液部１０又は貯留槽９との下面側に積層されるシートであり、当該栽培装置１を例えば地表と隔離することで、漏出した栽培液Ｒが地下に浸透することを防止できる。 The 2nd waterproof sheet 17b is a sheet | seat laminated | stacked on the lower surface side of the root-permeable water-permeable sheet | seat 16, the liquid feeding part 10, or the storage tank 9, and the culture | cultivation liquid which leaked by isolating the said cultivation apparatus 1 from the ground surface, for example R can be prevented from penetrating underground.
　第一防水シート１７ａ及び第二防水シート１７ｂとしては、水と作物Ｑの根とを通さないものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばポリオレフィン系フィルム、フッ素樹脂系フィルム、生分解性プラスチックフィルム等を使用することができる。 The first waterproof sheet 17a and the second waterproof sheet 17b are not particularly limited as long as they do not pass water and the roots of the crop Q. For example, polyolefin film, fluororesin film, biodegradable plastic film, etc. Can be used.
（栽培液槽）
　栽培液槽８は、貯留槽９へ供給する栽培液Ｒを貯留する槽である。栽培液槽８に貯留される栽培液Ｒは、制御部１３によってポンプ１４が制御され、供給管１５を介して貯留槽９へ供給される。 (Cultivation tank)
The cultivation liquid tank 8 is a tank for storing the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the storage tank 9. The cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is supplied to the storage tank 9 through the supply pipe 15 by controlling the pump 14 by the control unit 13.
　栽培液槽８で貯留する栽培液Ｒは、肥料を含むことが好ましい。肥料は、貯留槽９において雑菌が繁殖することを抑制できる観点から、化学肥料を含むことが好ましい。なお、肥料は、栽培液Ｒだけでなく、培地部２内に直接与えてもよい。 The cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 preferably contains a fertilizer. It is preferable that a fertilizer contains a chemical fertilizer from a viewpoint which can suppress that a germ propagates in the storage tank 9. FIG. In addition, you may give a fertilizer not only in the culture solution R but in the culture medium part 2. FIG.
＜温度調節機構＞
　温度調節機構４は、サーモスタット１１及びヒーター１２を有する。サーモスタット１１は、栽培液槽８に貯留される栽培液Ｒの温度を検出する。ヒーター１２は、栽培液槽８内又は栽培液槽８の外側に配設され、栽培液槽８に貯留される栽培液Ｒを加熱する。 <Temperature control mechanism>
The temperature adjustment mechanism 4 includes a thermostat 11 and a heater 12. The thermostat 11 detects the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8. The heater 12 is disposed inside the cultivation liquid tank 8 or outside the cultivation liquid tank 8 and heats the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8.
　栽培液槽８に貯留される栽培液Ｒの温度がサーモスタット１１で設定される所定の下限温度未満になると、制御部１３がヒーター１２を制御し、栽培液Ｒの温度がサーモスタット１１で設定される所定の上限温度に達するまで栽培液Ｒを加熱する。作物Ｑに適した地温は、例えば昼間と夜間とで異なる場合が多いので、制御部１３は、例えば時間に応じてサーモスタット１１の設定温度を切り替え、栽培液Ｒが供給される培地部２の温度が作物Ｑに適した地温となるよう制御する。 When the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is lower than a predetermined lower limit temperature set by the thermostat 11, the control unit 13 controls the heater 12, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R is set by the thermostat 11. The cultivation liquid R is heated until a predetermined upper limit temperature is reached. Since the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q is often different between, for example, daytime and nighttime, the control unit 13 switches the set temperature of the thermostat 11 according to time, for example, and the temperature of the culture medium unit 2 to which the culture solution R is supplied. Is controlled so that the soil temperature is suitable for the crop Q.
　なお、栽培液Ｒの温度を低下させる場合には、制御部１３がヒーター１２を制御し、栽培液Ｒの加熱を停止させる。これにより、周囲の温度の影響により栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度が低下する。また、例えば制御部１３が低温の栽培液Ｒを栽培液槽８内に供給するよう制御し、栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度を低下させてもよい。 In addition, when reducing the temperature of the cultivation liquid R, the control part 13 controls the heater 12, and stops the heating of the cultivation liquid R. Thereby, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 falls by the influence of ambient temperature. Further, for example, the control unit 13 may control to supply the low temperature cultivation liquid R into the cultivation liquid tank 8, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 may be lowered.
　当該栽培装置１において、栽培液供給機構３は、栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度と培地部２内の栽培液Ｒの温度との差が５℃以内になるよう構成されていることが好ましく、上記差が３℃以内になるように構成されていることがより好ましい。上記差が上記上限を超える場合、培地部２の温度を精度よく調節できなくなり、十分な品質の作物Ｑを栽培できないおそれがある。 In the cultivation apparatus 1, the cultivation liquid supply mechanism 3 is configured such that the difference between the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the culture medium unit 2 is within 5 ° C. It is more preferable that the difference is within 3 ° C. When the difference exceeds the upper limit, the temperature of the culture medium part 2 cannot be accurately adjusted, and there is a possibility that the crop Q having sufficient quality cannot be cultivated.
　図２に、当該栽培装置１の栽培液槽８、貯留槽９及び培地部２の接続構成例を示す。図２の当該栽培装置では、１つの貯留槽９１と任意の数（ｍ個）の培地部２１、２２、…、２ｍとを送液部１０で接続し、１つの貯留槽９１から複数の培地部２１、２２、…、２ｍへ栽培液Ｒを送液する。また、１つの栽培液槽８から任意の数（ｎ個）の貯留槽９１、９２、…、９ｎへ供給管１５を介して栽培液Ｒを供給する。このような構成とすることにより、低い設置コストで多くの作物Ｑを栽培できると共に、各作物Ｑの地温を同時に制御できる。 FIG. 2 shows a connection configuration example of the cultivation liquid tank 8, the storage tank 9, and the culture medium unit 2 of the cultivation apparatus 1. In the said cultivation apparatus of FIG. 2, one storage tank 91 and arbitrary number (m pieces) of culture- medium parts 21, 22, ..., 2m are connected by the liquid feeding part 10, and several culture media from one storage tank 91 is used. The culture solution R is sent to the sections 21, 22, ..., 2m. Further, the cultivation liquid R is supplied from one cultivation liquid tank 8 to an arbitrary number (n pieces) of storage tanks 91, 92,. By setting it as such a structure, while being able to cultivate many crops Q with low installation cost, the ground temperature of each crop Q can be controlled simultaneously.
　栽培液槽８は、複数の貯留槽９１、９２、…、９ｎへ供給する栽培液Ｒを貯留するので、栽培液槽８の容量は、各貯留槽９１、９２、…、９ｎの容量よりも大きくすることが好ましい。栽培液Ｒを保持する槽の容量が大きいほど、内部に保持される栽培液Ｒは外部の温度による影響を受け難い。従って、図２のように栽培液槽８が貯留槽９よりも大きい場合、図１のように栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する構成とすることで、栽培液Ｒの加熱及び保温に要するエネルギーを低減でき、温度調節に要するランニングコストを低減できる。 Since the cultivation liquid tank 8 stores the cultivation liquid R supplied to the plurality of storage tanks 91, 92,..., 9n, the capacity of the cultivation liquid tank 8 is larger than the capacity of each of the storage tanks 91, 92,. It is preferable to enlarge it. The larger the capacity of the tank for holding the cultivation liquid R, the less the cultivation liquid R held inside is affected by the external temperature. Therefore, when the cultivation liquid tank 8 is larger than the storage tank 9 as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is adjusted as shown in FIG. And the energy required for heat insulation can be reduced, and the running cost required for temperature adjustment can be reduced.
　例えば図２の構成において、１株ずつトマト苗を植えた１２０個の培地部が長さ２４ｍの各貯留槽に略等間隔に配置される。つまり、培地部は１ｍ当たり５個配置される。この場合、各貯留槽のうち、栽培液槽８から最も遠い貯留槽９１までの距離は１０ｍ程度となる。このとき、各貯留槽に保持される容量の栽培液Ｒは、１時間以内に各培地部へ供給される。また、この時間内に栽培液槽８から各貯留槽へ供給される栽培液Ｒの合計量は２０Ｌ程度である。ここで、栽培液槽８から各貯留槽へ流通する栽培液Ｒの流速は、送液部１０で流通する栽培液Ｒの流速よりも速いので、各貯留槽への栽培液Ｒの流通時に外部の温度の影響を受け難く、栽培液槽８で温度調節された栽培液Ｒの温度は、各貯留槽への流通時に変化し難い。 For example, in the configuration of FIG. 2, 120 medium portions planted with tomato seedlings one by one are arranged at approximately equal intervals in each storage tank having a length of 24 m. That is, five medium parts are arranged per 1 m. In this case, among each storage tank, the distance from the cultivation liquid tank 8 to the furthest storage tank 91 is about 10 m. At this time, the cultivation liquid R having a capacity held in each storage tank is supplied to each medium portion within one hour. Moreover, the total amount of the cultivation liquid R supplied to each storage tank from the cultivation liquid tank 8 in this time is about 20L. Here, the flow rate of the cultivating solution R flowing from the cultivating solution tank 8 to each storage tank is faster than the flow rate of the cultivating solution R circulated in the liquid feeding unit 10, so that it is external when the cultivating solution R flows to each storing tank. The temperature of the cultivation liquid R that is temperature-controlled in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is unlikely to change during distribution to each storage tank.
　栽培液Ｒの供給経路を構成する部材は、保温性の部材で構成することが好ましい。具体的には、培地部２、栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９は、例えば断熱シートで包むことにより断熱する。また、送液部１０は、例えば断熱シートで挟み、供給管１５は、例えば断熱材を巻いて断熱する。これらの部材を断熱することにより、栽培液槽８から培地部２までの供給経路における栽培液Ｒの温度変化を抑制でき、培地部２の温度調節がし易くなると共に、栽培液Ｒの温度調節のためのランニングコストを低減できる。なお、上記断熱シート及び断熱材としては、発泡プラスチックが低コストで好ましい。 The member constituting the supply path of the cultivation liquid R is preferably constituted by a heat retaining member. Specifically, the culture medium part 2, the cultivation liquid tank 8, and the storage tank 9 are insulated by wrapping them with a heat insulating sheet, for example. Moreover, the liquid feeding part 10 is pinched | interposed with a heat insulation sheet, for example, and the supply pipe | tube 15 heat-insulates, for example by winding a heat insulating material. By thermally insulating these members, the temperature change of the culture solution R in the supply path from the culture solution tank 8 to the culture unit 2 can be suppressed, the temperature of the culture unit 2 can be easily adjusted, and the temperature control of the culture solution R can be performed. The running cost for can be reduced. In addition, as said heat insulating sheet and heat insulating material, a foamed plastic is preferable at low cost.
　また、栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９は、地中に埋めて配設することが好ましい。これらを地中に埋めることにより、栽培液Ｒの保温効果が高まり、栽培液Ｒの温度調節のためのエネルギーを低減できる。また、作物Ｑの栽培に適した地温は昼間と夜間とで異なり、夜間よりも昼間の地温を高くする方が作物Ｑの栽培に適している。一方、地中の温度は、自然な状態で夜間よりも昼間の方が高くなるよう変化する。このように、地中の温度の昼夜間の変化の傾向は作物Ｑの栽培に適した地温の昼夜間の相違の傾向と合っているので、地中の温度は昼夜間を通じて作物Ｑの栽培に適した地温に近づくように変化する。従って、栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９を地中に埋めて配設することにより、栽培液Ｒの温度調節幅を小さくでき、エネルギーコストを低減できるという効果も得られる。 Moreover, it is preferable that the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 are buried in the ground. By burying these in the ground, the heat retention effect of the cultivation liquid R is increased, and the energy for adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid R can be reduced. In addition, the soil temperature suitable for cultivation of the crop Q is different between daytime and nighttime, and it is more suitable for cultivation of the crop Q to increase the daytime ground temperature than nighttime. On the other hand, the temperature in the ground changes so that it is naturally higher during the day than at night. In this way, the tendency of changes in the temperature of the ground during the day and night matches the tendency of the difference between the daytime and nighttime of the ground temperature suitable for the cultivation of the crop Q. It changes so as to approach a suitable ground temperature. Therefore, by burying and arranging the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 in the ground, the temperature adjustment range of the cultivation liquid R can be reduced, and the effect that the energy cost can be reduced is also obtained.
　また、栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９を太陽光の当たる地上に設置する場合、栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９の外面を濃い色、例えば黒色に着色することが好ましい。外面を濃い色に着色することで、太陽光が当たる際に栽培液槽８及び貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの加温効果が得られる。 Moreover, when installing the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 on the ground where sunlight hits, it is preferable to color the outer surface of the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 in a dark color, for example, black. By coloring the outer surface in a deep color, the heating effect of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 and the storage tank 9 is obtained when the sunlight hits.
　なお、図１の当該栽培装置１では、温度調節機構４を栽培液槽４に付設しているが、作物Ｑへ供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節できれば、温度調節機構４を栽培液槽４以外の部位に付設してもよい。例えば図１の栽培装置１において、送液部１０に沿って温度調節機構を構成する電熱線などのヒーターを付設してもよい。この場合、栽培液槽４よりも培地部２に近い位置で栽培液の温度を調節するので、より精度よく培地部２内における栽培液Ｒの温度を調節することができる。また、例えば貯留槽９に温度調節機構を構成するヒーターを付設し、貯留槽内の栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する構成としてもよい。 In addition, in the said cultivation apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, although the temperature control mechanism 4 is attached to the cultivation liquid tank 4, if the temperature of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the crop Q can be adjusted, the temperature adjustment mechanism 4 will be used for the cultivation liquid tank 4. You may attach to parts other than. For example, in the cultivation apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, a heater such as a heating wire that configures the temperature adjustment mechanism may be provided along the liquid feeding unit 10. In this case, since the temperature of the cultivation liquid is adjusted at a position closer to the medium part 2 than the cultivation liquid tank 4, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the medium part 2 can be adjusted with higher accuracy. In addition, for example, a heater that constitutes a temperature adjustment mechanism may be attached to the storage tank 9 to adjust the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank.
［栽培方法］
　当該栽培方法は、図１の当該栽培液装置１を用いて行える。当該栽培方法は、作物Ｑを着生させた培地部２に栽培液Ｒを供給する栽培方法であって、上記培地部２が毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域７を有し、上記培地部２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する栽培方法である。 [Cultivation method]
The said cultivation method can be performed using the said cultivation liquid apparatus 1 of FIG. The said cultivation method is a cultivation method which supplies the culture solution R to the culture medium part 2 which made the crop Q grow, Comprising: The said culture medium part 2 has the culture solution supply area | region 7 to which the culture solution R is supplied by capillary phenomenon. And it is the cultivation method which adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the said culture medium part 2. FIG.
　当該栽培方法は、より具体的には、栽培液供給機構３によって培地部２に栽培液を供給する工程（栽培液供給工程）と、温度調節機構４によって培地部２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する工程（温度調節工程）とを備える。 More specifically, the cultivation method includes a step (cultivation solution supply step) of supplying the culture solution to the culture medium unit 2 by the culture solution supply mechanism 3 and a culture solution R to be supplied to the culture unit 2 by the temperature adjustment mechanism 4. A step of adjusting the temperature (temperature adjustment step).
＜栽培液供給工程＞
　栽培液供給工程では、送液部１０が貯留槽９で一次貯留される栽培液Ｒを培地部２の底部まで送液する。この栽培液Ｒは、枠体５内の充填粒子６の毛管現象により培地部２の栽培液供給領域７へ供給される。具体的には、貯留槽９から送液部１０の毛管現象により栽培液Ｒを揚水し、遮根透水シート１６を介して培地部２の底部へ供給する。そして、培地部２の底部へ送液された栽培液Ｒは、充填粒子６の毛管現象によって栽培液供給領域７を介して作物Ｑの根部へ供給される。 <Cultivation liquid supply process>
In the cultivation liquid supply process, the liquid feeding unit 10 feeds the cultivation liquid R, which is primarily stored in the storage tank 9, to the bottom of the medium unit 2. This cultivating liquid R is supplied to the cultivating liquid supply region 7 of the culture medium part 2 by capillary action of the filler particles 6 in the frame 5. Specifically, the cultivation liquid R is pumped from the storage tank 9 by the capillary phenomenon of the liquid feeding part 10 and supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 through the root-permeable water-permeable sheet 16. Then, the cultivation liquid R fed to the bottom of the culture medium part 2 is supplied to the root of the crop Q through the cultivation liquid supply region 7 by the capillary phenomenon of the filling particles 6.
　栽培液供給工程では、培地部２への栽培液Ｒの供給状態に従って作物Ｑに適した供給量の栽培液Ｒを栽培液槽８から貯留槽９に継ぎ足す。具体的には、例えば培地部２内の水分量を検出する水分センサー（図示せず）を付設し、制御部１３がこの検出結果に基づいてポンプ１４を作動させ、栽培液Ｒを貯留槽９へ継ぎ足し供給する。これにより、作物Ｑに連続的に栽培液Ｒを供給することができる。また、貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を検出する機構を例えば貯留槽９内に備えてもよい。この場合、制御部１３が貯留槽９内の水位の変化に基づいて貯留槽９に継ぎ足し供給する栽培液Ｒの供給量を求め、栽培液Ｒを貯留槽９へ供給する。 In the cultivation liquid supply process, the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R suitable for the crop Q is added from the cultivation liquid tank 8 to the storage tank 9 in accordance with the supply state of the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium unit 2. Specifically, for example, a moisture sensor (not shown) for detecting the amount of moisture in the culture medium unit 2 is attached, the control unit 13 operates the pump 14 based on the detection result, and the cultivation liquid R is stored in the storage tank 9. Add to the supply. Thereby, the cultivation liquid R can be continuously supplied to the crop Q. In addition, a mechanism for detecting the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 may be provided in the storage tank 9, for example. In this case, the control unit 13 obtains the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to be added and supplied to the storage tank 9 based on the change in the water level in the storage tank 9, and supplies the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 9.
＜温度調節工程＞
　温度調節工程では、貯留槽９へ継ぎ足し供給するための栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する。具体的には、サーモスタット１１により栽培液槽８に貯留される栽培液Ｒの温度を検出し、制御部１３がサーモスタット１１の温度検出動作に基づいてヒーター１２を制御し、栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する。このときの栽培液Ｒの調節設定温度は、培地部２の温度を作物Ｑに適した地温にさせるような温度に設定される。例えば、栽培液槽８内の栽培液Ｒの温度が作物Ｑに適した地温よりもｔ℃高いときに培地部２の温度を上記作物Ｑに適した地温にできる場合には、調節設定温度は作物Ｑに適した地温よりもｔ℃高い温度に設定される。 <Temperature adjustment process>
In the temperature adjustment step, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 8 for adding and supplying to the storage tank 9 is adjusted. Specifically, the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 8 is detected by the thermostat 11, and the control unit 13 controls the heater 12 based on the temperature detection operation of the thermostat 11, The temperature of the cultivation liquid R is adjusted. The adjustment setting temperature of the cultivation liquid R at this time is set to a temperature that causes the temperature of the culture medium part 2 to be a ground temperature suitable for the crop Q. For example, when the temperature of the culture medium 2 can be adjusted to the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q when the temperature of the culture solution R in the culture liquid tank 8 is higher by t ° C. than the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q, the adjusted set temperature is It is set to a temperature t ° C. higher than the soil temperature suitable for the crop Q.
＜利点＞
　当該栽培装置は、温度調節機構により温度調節した栽培液を毛管現象により供給される領域から培地部へ供給する。培地部の地温は、外気温よりも栽培液の温度により密接に連動して変化するので、当該栽培装置は、このように栽培液の温度調節により培地部温度を比較的高精度に調節できる。 <Advantages>
The said cultivation apparatus supplies the culture solution temperature-controlled with the temperature control mechanism from the area | region supplied by a capillary phenomenon to a culture medium part. Since the ground temperature of the medium part changes more closely in accordance with the temperature of the cultivation liquid than the outside air temperature, the cultivation apparatus can adjust the medium part temperature with relatively high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid in this way.
　また、当該栽培装置は、空気よりも放熱及び拡散の小さい流体である栽培液を用いて熱を輸送するので、効率よく培地部の温度を調節できる。また、当該栽培装置は、従来のエアコン等で気温調節する場合に比べて、培地部の温度調節のための設備コスト及びランニングコストを低減できる。 Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus transports heat using the cultivation liquid which is a fluid with little heat dissipation and spreading | diffusion than air, it can adjust the temperature of a culture | cultivation part efficiently. Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus can reduce the installation cost and running cost for temperature control of a culture medium part compared with the case where temperature control is carried out with the conventional air conditioner etc.
　また、当該栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部が、毛管現象により栽培液が供給される栽培液供給領域を有することで、栽培液の過剰な供給が避けられ、作物の根部に安定的に適度な水分ストレスをかけることができる。また、上記栽培液供給領域は、気相が液相に比べて大きく通気性に優れるので、当該栽培装置は、酸素供給構造がなくとも酸素不足による根腐れを効果的に抑制することができ、設備コスト及び運転コストを削減できる。 Further, the cultivation apparatus has a culture solution supply region in which the culture solution is supplied by capillarity, so that an excessive supply of the cultivation solution is avoided and stable to the root portion of the crop. Moderate moisture stress. In addition, since the cultivation liquid supply region has a large gas phase and excellent air permeability compared to the liquid phase, the cultivation apparatus can effectively suppress root rot due to lack of oxygen even without an oxygen supply structure. Equipment costs and operating costs can be reduced.
　また、当該栽培装置は、栽培液供給領域で毛管現象が発現できる量の土壌等の粒子を枠体内に充填すればよく、従来の土壌栽培に比べて土壌の使用量を大幅に低減できるので、培地部を軽量化できる。これにより、当該栽培装置は、樹脂パイプ等の安価な材料で形成した足場の上に農地を設ける構成とすることができ、足場の調節により農地の高低差を容易に調整できる。 In addition, the cultivation device only needs to fill the frame with particles such as soil in an amount that can cause capillary action in the cultivation liquid supply region, and can significantly reduce the amount of soil used compared to conventional soil cultivation. The medium part can be reduced in weight. Thereby, the said cultivation apparatus can be set as the structure which provides farmland on the scaffold formed with cheap materials, such as a resin pipe, and can adjust the height difference of farmland easily by adjustment of a scaffold.
　また、当該栽培装置は下方灌水であるため、上方灌水より節水である。これは培地部の上層の保水量が比較的低く蒸発が起こり難いためである。このように蒸発が起こり難いため、温室の湿度管理と灌水管理とが干渉し難い。当該栽培装置は貯留槽が非透水性であるためさらに節水であり、排水のない完全閉鎖的な栽培装置が構築可能である。また、蒸発による水分の流亡が極めて小さいため、栽培液の消費量をほぼ正確に計測でき、吸水量を通じた植物生育の定量化が可能となる。さらに、このように培地部からの蒸発量が小さく、培地部に保たれた水分に塩類が溶出するため、上方灌水や毛管水耕に比べ塩類集積が起こり難いというメリットがある。また、培地部をフラッシングすることも容易である。 Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus is downward irrigation, it is water saving rather than upper irrigation. This is because the amount of water retained in the upper layer of the medium part is relatively low and evaporation is unlikely to occur. Since evaporation does not easily occur in this way, humidity management and irrigation management of the greenhouse are unlikely to interfere. The cultivation device is further water-saving because the storage tank is non-permeable, and a completely closed cultivation device without drainage can be constructed. Moreover, since the loss of water due to evaporation is extremely small, the consumption of the cultivation liquid can be measured almost accurately, and the plant growth through the water absorption can be quantified. Furthermore, since the amount of evaporation from the medium part is small and the salt is eluted in the water retained in the medium part, there is an advantage that salt accumulation is less likely to occur compared to upward irrigation or capillary hydroponics. Further, it is easy to flush the culture medium part.
　また、当該栽培装置は、培地量を最小化することで、培地部に保持される栽培液の消費速度を高めることができ、貯留槽中の栽培液と培地部中の栽培液とがほぼ均質となる。これにより他の培地耕に比べて栽培液の変更の影響も即座に得ることができ、培地部中のｐＨの調製等が容易となる。 Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus can raise the consumption rate of the cultivation liquid hold | maintained at a culture-medium part by minimizing the amount of culture media, and the cultivation liquid in a storage tank and the cultivation liquid in a culture-medium part are substantially homogeneous. It becomes. Thereby, compared with other culture medium cultivation, the influence of the change of a culture solution can also be obtained immediately and adjustment of pH in a culture medium part etc. become easy.
〔第二実施形態〕
　図３に示す当該栽培装置３１は、作物Ｑを着生させる培地部３２と、この培地部３２に栽培液Ｒを供給する栽培液供給機構３３と、培地部３２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する温度調節機構３４とを主に備える。培地部３２は、枠体３５と、この枠体３５内に充填される充填粒子３６とを有し、この充填粒子３６の毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域３７を有する。また、栽培液供給機構３３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽３８と、この栽培液槽３８から供給される栽培液Ｒを保持する貯留槽３９とを有する。また、温度調節機構３４は、サーモスタット４１及びヒーター４２を有し、これらは栽培液槽３８に付設されている。また、当該栽培装置３１は、貯留槽３９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を検出する水位検出機構を備える。 [Second Embodiment]
The cultivation apparatus 31 shown in FIG. 3 includes a culture medium part 32 for growing the crop Q, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the culture medium part 32, and a temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the culture medium part 32. And a temperature adjusting mechanism 34 for adjusting the temperature. The culture medium part 32 has a frame body 35 and filling particles 36 filled in the frame body 35, and has a cultivation liquid supply region 37 to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 36. The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 includes a cultivation liquid tank 38 that stores the cultivation liquid R, and a storage tank 39 that holds the cultivation liquid R supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 38. The temperature adjustment mechanism 34 includes a thermostat 41 and a heater 42, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 38. The cultivation device 31 includes a water level detection mechanism that detects the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39.
　第一実施形態の栽培装置１は、貯留槽９と培地部２とが隔離されていたのに対し、当該栽培装置３１は、貯留槽３９と培地部３２とを隔離せず、栽培液供給機構３３が送液部を有していない点が第一実施形態の栽培装置１と異なる。また、当該栽培装置３１は、水位検出機構を備える点が第一実施形態の栽培装置１と異なる。なお、当該栽培装置３１は、送液部を有していないので、栽培装置１が備える遮根透水シート１６、第一防水シート１７ａ及び第二防水シート１７ｂなどは備えない。以下、第一実施形態の栽培装置１と異なる点について説明する。 In the cultivation apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the storage tank 9 and the culture medium part 2 are separated from each other, whereas the cultivation apparatus 31 does not separate the storage tank 39 and the culture medium part 32 from each other, and the cultivation liquid supply mechanism. The point which 33 does not have a liquid feeding part differs from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment. Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus 31 differs in the point provided with a water level detection mechanism from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment. In addition, since the said cultivation apparatus 31 does not have a liquid feeding part, it does not provide the root | blocking water-permeable sheet 16, the 1st waterproof sheet 17a, the 2nd waterproof sheet 17b, etc. with which the cultivation apparatus 1 is provided. Hereinafter, a different point from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
＜培地部＞
　培地部３２は、枠体３５と、この枠体３５内に充填される充填粒子３６と、この充填粒子３６が充填される層に毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域３７とを有し、作物Ｑを着生させる部分である。 <Medium part>
The culture medium part 32 includes a frame 35, filled particles 36 filled in the frame 35, and a cultivation liquid supply region 37 in which the cultivation liquid R is supplied to the layer filled with the filled particles 36 by capillary action. This is the part where crop Q is grown.
　枠体３５は、栽培液Ｒが通過し充填粒子３６は通過しない複数の微小な貫通孔が底部に形成されており、貯留槽３９の底に配設された複数の台４０の上に載置されている。この枠体３５は、底部が栽培液Ｒに浸漬しており、充填粒子３６の浸漬部分は栽培液Ｒが侵入した栽培液浸潤層となり、充填粒子３６の栽培液浸潤層の上方が全て栽培液供給領域３７となる。当該栽培装置３１は、栽培液浸潤層において酸素が不足しがちであるため、作物Ｑの根は栽培液浸潤層に伸長し難い。 The frame 35 has a plurality of minute through holes formed in the bottom thereof through which the cultivating liquid R passes and the filler particles 36 do not pass, and is placed on a plurality of platforms 40 arranged at the bottom of the storage tank 39. Has been. The bottom of this frame 35 is immersed in the cultivation liquid R, and the immersed part of the filling particles 36 becomes a cultivation liquid infiltrated layer into which the cultivation liquid R has invaded, and the upper part of the cultivation liquid infiltrating layer of the filling particles 36 is the cultivation liquid. It becomes the supply area 37. Since the cultivation apparatus 31 tends to lack oxygen in the cultivation liquid infiltrated layer, the roots of the crop Q are difficult to extend into the cultivation liquid infiltrated layer.
　なお、枠体３５を構成する材料としては、特に限定されないが、第一実施形態の枠体５と同様のものを用いることができる。すなわち、通気性と透水性とを有する紙、シート状の樹脂等が挙げられる。シート状の樹脂は織布でも不織布でもよく、その中でも多孔質樹脂フィルムが好ましく、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等のフッ素樹脂製フィルムを延伸した多孔質樹脂フィルムがより好ましい。 In addition, although it does not specifically limit as a material which comprises the frame 35, The thing similar to the frame 5 of 1st embodiment can be used. That is, paper, sheet-like resin, etc. which have air permeability and water permeability are mentioned. The sheet-like resin may be a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. Among them, a porous resin film is preferable, and a porous resin film obtained by stretching a fluororesin film such as polytetrafluoroethylene is more preferable.
＜栽培液供給機構＞
　栽培液供給機構３３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽３８と、この栽培液槽３８から供給される栽培液Ｒを保持する貯留槽３９とを有する。 <Culture solution supply mechanism>
The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 33 includes a cultivation liquid tank 38 that stores the cultivation liquid R, and a storage tank 39 that holds the cultivation liquid R supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 38.
　貯留槽３９は、底に複数の台４０が配設され、これらの台４０の上に培地部３２が載置される。貯留槽３９には、所定の水位の栽培液Ｒが保持され、枠体３５の底部がこの栽培液Ｒに浸漬するように培地部３２が貯留槽３９内に載置される。なお、１つの貯留槽３９内に複数の培地部３２が載置されることが好ましい。１つの貯留槽３９内に複数の培地部３２を載置することで、これらの複数の培地部３２に対する乾燥ストレスを同時かつ同等に調節できる。 The storage tank 39 is provided with a plurality of platforms 40 at the bottom, and the culture medium unit 32 is placed on these platforms 40. The storage tank 39 holds the cultivation liquid R at a predetermined water level, and the culture medium part 32 is placed in the storage tank 39 so that the bottom of the frame 35 is immersed in the cultivation liquid R. In addition, it is preferable that the several culture medium part 32 is mounted in the one storage tank 39. FIG. By placing a plurality of medium parts 32 in one reservoir 39, it is possible to simultaneously and equally adjust the drying stress on the plurality of medium parts 32.
＜水位検出機構＞
　水位検出機構は、貯留槽３９内に付設された水位計４５で構成される。制御部４３によって、水位計４５で検出される水位に基づいて貯留槽３９への栽培液Ｒの供給量が調節される。 <Water level detection mechanism>
The water level detection mechanism includes a water level gauge 45 attached in the storage tank 39. The supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39 is adjusted by the control unit 43 based on the water level detected by the water level gauge 45.
　水位計４５は、貯留槽３９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を検出し、その検出結果を制御部４３へ通知する。 The water level gauge 45 detects the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39 and notifies the control unit 43 of the detection result.
　制御部４３は、水位計４５で検出された水位に基づいて貯留槽３９へ補充すべき栽培液Ｒの供給量を求め、ポンプ４４を作動させて栽培液Ｒを供給管４６を介して貯留槽３９へ供給する。例えば、貯留槽３９内の水位が常に一定になるように制御部４３が栽培液Ｒの供給量を制御することで、栽培液Ｒを自動供給でき、管理者の水やりの手間の省力化を図ることができる。 The control unit 43 obtains the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to be replenished to the storage tank 39 based on the water level detected by the water level gauge 45, operates the pump 44, and stores the cultivation liquid R through the supply pipe 46. 39. For example, the controller 43 can automatically supply the cultivation liquid R by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R so that the water level in the storage tank 39 is always constant. Can be planned.
　また、制御部４３による貯留槽３９への栽培液Ｒの供給量の制御により、乾燥ストレスをかけるように貯留槽３９の水位を調節してもよい。貯留槽３９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を上下させることで毛管上昇後の培地部３２内の液面高さを調節できるので、貯留槽３９への栽培液Ｒの供給量を制御することで、作物Ｑに対して適切な乾燥ストレスをかけることができる。 Further, the water level of the storage tank 39 may be adjusted so as to apply a drying stress by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39 by the control unit 43. Since the liquid level height in the culture medium part 32 after capillary rise can be adjusted by raising and lowering the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 39, by controlling the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 39, Appropriate drought stress can be applied to the crop Q.
　また、制御部４３により、貯留槽３９へ供給する栽培液Ｒに添加する塩分の量を調節してもよい。制御部４３は、水位計４５で検出された水位から貯留槽３９内に保持される栽培液Ｒの量を検出できるので、この栽培液量から作物Ｑに適した浸透圧ストレスがかかるような塩分の添加量を求めることができる。これにより、作物Ｑの根部に対する栽培液Ｒの浸透圧を調節でき、作物Ｑに対して適切な浸透圧ストレスをかけることができる。 Further, the amount of salt added to the cultivation liquid R supplied to the storage tank 39 may be adjusted by the control unit 43. Since the control part 43 can detect the quantity of the cultivation liquid R hold | maintained in the storage tank 39 from the water level detected with the water level gauge 45, the salt content which requires the osmotic stress suitable for the crop Q from this cultivation liquid quantity Can be obtained. Thereby, the osmotic pressure of the cultivation liquid R with respect to the root part of the crop Q can be adjusted, and an appropriate osmotic stress can be applied to the crop Q.
＜温度調節機構＞
　温度調節機構３４は、サーモスタット４１及びヒーター４２を有する。サーモスタット４１は、栽培液槽３８に貯留される栽培液Ｒの温度を検出する。ヒーター４２は、栽培液槽３８内又は栽培液槽３８の外側に配設され、栽培液槽３８に貯留される栽培液Ｒを加熱する。 <Temperature control mechanism>
The temperature adjustment mechanism 34 includes a thermostat 41 and a heater 42. The thermostat 41 detects the temperature of the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38. The heater 42 is disposed inside the cultivation liquid tank 38 or outside the cultivation liquid tank 38 and heats the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38.
　温度調節機構３４は、第一実施形態の温度調節機構４と同様に、制御部４３が、サーモスタット４１で検出される温度に基づいてヒーター４２を制御し、栽培液槽３８に貯留される栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する。 As with the temperature adjustment mechanism 4 of the first embodiment, the temperature adjustment mechanism 34 controls the heater 42 based on the temperature detected by the thermostat 41, and the cultivation liquid stored in the cultivation liquid tank 38. Adjust the temperature of R.
＜利点＞
　当該栽培装置は、栽培液供給機構として送液部を有していないので、簡易な構成とでき、設備コストをより低減できる。また、当該栽培装置は、水位検出機構を備えるので、貯留槽内の栽培液の水位を上下させることにより作物Ｑの根部にかかる乾燥ストレスを調節できる。 <Advantages>
Since the said cultivation apparatus does not have a liquid feeding part as a cultivation liquid supply mechanism, it can be set as a simple structure and can reduce installation cost more. Moreover, since the said cultivation apparatus is equipped with a water level detection mechanism, the drought stress concerning the root part of the crop Q can be adjusted by raising / lowering the water level of the cultivation liquid in a storage tank.
〔第三実施形態〕
　図４に示す当該栽培装置５１は、作物Ｑを着生させる培地部５２と、この培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを供給する栽培液供給機構５３と、培地部５２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節する温度調節機構５４と、栽培液Ｒを培地部５２の上方から供給する栽培液補助供給機構６６とを主に備える。培地部５２は、凹状に形成された透水シート５５と、この透水シート５５の内部に充填される充填粒子５６とを有し、この充填粒子５６の毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域を有する。また、栽培液供給機構５３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽５８と、この栽培液槽５８から供給される栽培液Ｒを一次貯留する貯留槽５９と、この貯留槽５９から培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを流通する送液部６０とを有する。また、温度調節機構５４は、サーモスタット６１及びヒーター６２を有し、これらは栽培液槽５８に付設されている。また、当該栽培装置５１は、培地部５２及び貯留槽５９を設置する基台６９と、これらの部材を覆う農業用ビニール７０とを備える。以下、第一実施形態の栽培装置１と異なる点について説明する。 [Third embodiment]
The cultivation apparatus 51 shown in FIG. 4 includes a medium part 52 for causing the crop Q to grow, a cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 for supplying the cultivation liquid R to the medium part 52, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R to be supplied to the medium part 52. Are mainly provided with a temperature adjusting mechanism 54 for adjusting the temperature and a cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 for supplying the cultivation liquid R from above the medium part 52. The culture medium part 52 has a water-permeable sheet 55 formed in a concave shape and filling particles 56 filled in the water-permeable sheet 55, and the cultivation liquid to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 56. It has a supply area. The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a cultivation liquid tank 58 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 59 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 58, and a medium unit 52 from the storage tank 59. And the liquid feeding part 60 which distribute | circulates the cultivation liquid R. The temperature adjustment mechanism 54 includes a thermostat 61 and a heater 62, which are attached to the cultivation liquid tank 58. Moreover, the said cultivation apparatus 51 is provided with the base 69 which installs the culture medium part 52 and the storage tank 59, and the agricultural vinyl 70 which covers these members. Hereinafter, a different point from the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
＜培地部＞
　培地部５２は、曲折により凹状に形成された透水シート５５と、この透水シート５５の内部に充填される充填粒子５６と、この充填粒子５６の毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域とを有し、作物Ｑを着生させる部分である。 <Medium part>
The culture medium part 52 includes a water-permeable sheet 55 formed into a concave shape by bending, filling particles 56 filled in the water-permeable sheet 55, and a cultivation liquid supply to which the cultivation liquid R is supplied by capillary action of the filling particles 56. It is a part which has an area | region and makes crop Q grow.
（透水シート）
　透水シート５５は、透水性及び防根性を有する帯状のシートである。この透水シート５５の両側縁部が、後述する基台６９が有する平行な一対の固定棒７２に弛みを持たせて架け渡されると共に、曲折により凹状に形成されている。 (Water-permeable sheet)
The water permeable sheet 55 is a belt-like sheet having water permeability and root resistance. Both side edge portions of the water permeable sheet 55 are bridged with a pair of parallel fixing rods 72 included in a base 69, which will be described later, with a slack, and are formed in a concave shape by bending.
　透水シート５５の素材としては、特に限定されないが、例えば紙、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。 The material of the water permeable sheet 55 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include paper, woven fabric, and non-woven fabric.
　透水シート５５の平均厚さの下限としては、０．１ｍｍが好ましく、０．２ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、透水シート５５の平均厚さの上限としては、５ｍｍが好ましく、３ｍｍがより好ましい。透水シート５５の平均厚さが上記下限に満たないと、防根性が損なわれるおそれがある。逆に、透水シート５５の平均厚さが上記上限を超えると、透水シート５５のコストが高くなりすぎるおそれがある。 As a minimum of average thickness of water-permeable sheet 55, 0.1 mm is preferred and 0.2 mm is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 is preferably 5 mm, and more preferably 3 mm. If the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 is less than the above lower limit, the root prevention property may be impaired. Conversely, if the average thickness of the water permeable sheet 55 exceeds the above upper limit, the cost of the water permeable sheet 55 may be too high.
（充填粒子）
　充填粒子５６は、凹状に形成された透水シート５５の内部に充填される。充填粒子５６としては、充填により毛管現象を発現するものであればよく、第一実施形態で用いる充填粒子６と同種のものを用いることができる。 (Filled particles)
The filling particles 56 are filled into the interior of the water-permeable sheet 55 formed in a concave shape. The filler particles 56 may be any particles that exhibit capillary action by filling, and the same kind as the filler particles 6 used in the first embodiment can be used.
＜栽培液供給機構＞
　栽培液供給機構５３は、栽培液Ｒを貯留する栽培液槽５８と、栽培液槽５８から供給される栽培液Ｒを一次貯留する貯留槽５９と、貯留槽５９から培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを流通する送液部６０とを有する。また、栽培液供給機構５３は、第１ポンプ６４及び給排水管６５を有する。 <Culture solution supply mechanism>
The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a cultivation liquid tank 58 that stores the cultivation liquid R, a storage tank 59 that primarily stores the cultivation liquid R that is supplied from the cultivation liquid tank 58, and the cultivation liquid R from the storage tank 59 to the culture unit 52. And a liquid feeding section 60 that circulates. The cultivation liquid supply mechanism 53 includes a first pump 64 and a water supply / drainage pipe 65.
（栽培液槽）
　栽培液槽５８は、貯留槽５９及び培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを貯留する槽である。制御部６３によって第１ポンプ６４が制御されることにより、栽培液槽５８に貯留される栽培液Ｒは給排水管６５を介して貯留槽５９へ供給される。また、制御部６３によって第２ポンプ６７が制御されることにより、栽培液槽５８に貯留される栽培液Ｒは、供給管６８を介して培地部５２へ上方から供給される。なお、第１ポンプ６４は双方向ポンプであり、後述するように栽培液補助供給機構６６により培地部５２の上方から栽培液Ｒを供給する際には、給排水管６５を介して貯留槽５９内の栽培液Ｒを栽培液槽５８へ移送する。なお、給排水管６５は、図４に示すように貯留槽５９の下部に接続されるとよい。このように給排水管６５を貯留槽５９の下部に接続することにより、貯留槽５９内の栽培液Ｒをより効率よく栽培液槽５８へ移送することができる。 (Cultivation tank)
The cultivation liquid tank 58 is a tank for storing the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 and the medium part 52. When the first pump 64 is controlled by the control unit 63, the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied to the storage tank 59 through the water supply / drain pipe 65. Further, when the second pump 67 is controlled by the control unit 63, the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied from above to the culture medium part 52 through the supply pipe 68. Note that the first pump 64 is a bidirectional pump, and when the culture solution R is supplied from above the culture unit 52 by the culture solution auxiliary supply mechanism 66 as will be described later, The cultivation liquid R is transferred to the cultivation liquid tank 58. The water supply / drainage pipe 65 is preferably connected to the lower part of the storage tank 59 as shown in FIG. By connecting the water supply / drainage pipe 65 to the lower part of the storage tank 59 in this manner, the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 can be transferred to the cultivation liquid tank 58 more efficiently.
（貯留槽）
　貯留槽５９は、樋状に形成されており、後述する基台６９が有する支持棒７１により支持される。貯留槽５９は、培地部５２から透水シート５５を透過して流出する栽培液Ｒが内部に入る位置に配設される。すなわち、貯留槽５９は、図４に示すように培地部５２の鉛直下方に配設される。 (Reservoir)
The storage tank 59 is formed in a bowl shape and is supported by a support bar 71 included in a base 69 described later. The storage tank 59 is disposed at a position where the cultivation liquid R that flows out from the culture medium part 52 through the water-permeable sheet 55 enters the inside. That is, the storage tank 59 is arrange | positioned vertically below the culture-medium part 52, as shown in FIG.
　貯留槽５９の形状は、透水シート５５を透過して滴下する栽培液Ｒが入る開口を有していれば特に限定されないが、図４に示すように、帯状の開口を有する上部と、この上部の下方に位置し、上部より内部平均幅が小さい下部とを有する形状が好ましい。下部の内部平均幅が小さい形状とすることにより、作物Ｑの吸水量に対して貯留槽５９の貯水量を小さくし易く、これにより古い栽培液Ｒが貯留槽５９内に残留し難いので、新鮮な栽培液Ｒを作物Ｑに供給し易くなる。また、上部より下部の内部平均幅が小さい形状とすることにより、上記下部において貯水量の変化に対する水位の変化量が大きくなるので貯留槽５９内の貯水量を精度よく検出でき、作物Ｑへの栽培液Ｒの供給量が調節し易くなる。ここで「内部平均幅」とは、横断面において左右方向に対向する側壁間の水平方向の距離の平均を意味する。 The shape of the storage tank 59 is not particularly limited as long as it has an opening into which the cultivation liquid R that permeates and drops through the water-permeable sheet 55 enters, as shown in FIG. The shape which has the lower part which is located below and whose internal average width is smaller than upper part is preferable. By adopting a shape with a small internal average width at the bottom, it is easy to reduce the amount of water stored in the storage tank 59 with respect to the amount of water absorbed by the crop Q, and this makes it difficult for the old cultivation liquid R to remain in the storage tank 59. It becomes easy to supply the cultivation liquid R to the crop Q. Moreover, since the amount of change in the water level with respect to the change in the amount of water stored in the lower part is increased by adopting a shape in which the inner average width of the lower part is smaller than the upper part, the amount of stored water in the storage tank 59 can be detected accurately, and It becomes easy to adjust the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R. Here, “internal average width” means the average of the distances in the horizontal direction between the side walls facing in the horizontal direction in the cross section.
（送液部）
　送液部６０は、帯状のシート体である。送液部６０は、上記透水シート５５の外面に当接されると共に、一端側の縁部が貯留槽５９の下部に浸漬されるように配設されており、貯留槽５９に貯留される栽培液Ｒを毛管現象により揚水し、透水シート５５を介して培地部５２内に供給する。なお、送液部６０は、図４に示すように、透水シート５５と貯留槽５９を支持する支持棒７１に固定される一対の固定棒７２との間に挟むことで、透水シート５５に下方から当接される。 (Liquid feeding part)
The liquid feeding part 60 is a belt-like sheet body. The liquid feeding part 60 is disposed so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the water permeable sheet 55 and so that the edge on one end side is immersed in the lower part of the storage tank 59, and is stored in the storage tank 59. The liquid R is pumped up by capillary action and supplied into the medium part 52 via the water-permeable sheet 55. As shown in FIG. 4, the liquid feeding unit 60 is sandwiched between the water permeable sheet 55 and a pair of fixing rods 72 fixed to the support rods 71 that support the storage tank 59, thereby lowering the water permeable sheet 55. Abut.
　送液部６０は、毛管現象により栽培液Ｒを揚水し、透水シート５５を介して培地部５２内に供給できるものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば不織布、ロックウールシート、フェルトシート、ウレタンシート等が挙げられる。これらのうち、適度な毛管現象の発現及び適切な吸水率を発揮させる観点から、不織布が好ましい。 The liquid feeding part 60 is not particularly limited as long as it can pump the cultivation liquid R by a capillary phenomenon and supply it to the medium part 52 through the water-permeable sheet 55. For example, a nonwoven fabric, rock wool sheet, felt sheet, urethane sheet Etc. Among these, non-woven fabrics are preferred from the viewpoint of appropriate capillary action and appropriate water absorption.
　送液部６０の透水率の下限としては、０．０１％が好ましく、１％がより好ましい。一方、送液部６０の透水率の上限としては、４０％が好ましく、３０％がより好ましい。送液部６０の透水率が上記下限に満たないと、培地部５２の底部に供給される栽培液Ｒの量が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、送液部６０の透水率が上記上限を超えると、送液部６０のコストが高くなりすぎるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 is preferably 0.01% and more preferably 1%. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60, 40% is preferable and 30% is more preferable. If the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 does not satisfy the above lower limit, the amount of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom of the culture medium part 52 may be insufficient. Conversely, if the water permeability of the liquid feeding part 60 exceeds the upper limit, the cost of the liquid feeding part 60 may be too high.
　送液部６０の平均厚さの下限としては、０．５ｍｍが好ましく、０．７ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、送液部６０の平均厚さの上限としては、２ｍｍが好ましく、１．５ｍｍがより好ましい。送液部６０の平均厚さが上記下限に満たないと、送液部６０の強度が低下し破断するおそれがある。逆に、送液部６０の平均厚さが上記上限を超えると、送液部６０のコストが高くなるおそれがある。 The lower limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 is preferably 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.7 mm. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60, 2 mm is preferable and 1.5 mm is more preferable. If the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 is less than the above lower limit, the strength of the liquid feeding part 60 may be reduced and may break. On the contrary, when the average thickness of the liquid feeding part 60 exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the cost of the liquid feeding part 60 may become high.
　送液部６０の揚水高さの下限としては、３ｃｍが好ましく、１０ｃｍがより好ましく、２０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。一方、送液部６０の揚水高さの上限としては、３００ｃｍが好ましく、２００ｃｍがより好ましく、４０ｃｍがさらに好ましい。送液部６０の揚水高さが上記下限に満たないと、培地部５２の底部に供給される栽培液Ｒの量が不十分となり水切れが起こるおそれがある。逆に、送液部６０の揚水高さが上記上限を超えると、送液部６０のコストが高くなるおそれがある。ここで、揚水高さとは、以下の手法で測定される。まず、送液部６０を幅４ｃｍ、長さ１２０ｃｍに切断したシートを平均厚さ０．０３ｍｍのポリエチレンフィルムで被覆（熱圧着で袋状としたフィルムにシートを挿入して周りを被覆）したものを測定サンプルとし、鉛直に測定サンプルを吊り下げられるようにした架台にセットする。このとき、下部を５ｃｍ開放して液面に接しておくようにする。そして、２４時間で液面から揚水した高さを５回測定した値の平均値を揚水高さとする。 The lower limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 60 is preferably 3 cm, more preferably 10 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm. On the other hand, as an upper limit of the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 60, 300 cm is preferable, 200 cm is more preferable, and 40 cm is further more preferable. If the pumping height of the liquid feeding part 60 is less than the said minimum, the quantity of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the bottom part of the culture medium part 52 may become inadequate, and there exists a possibility that a drain may occur. Conversely, if the pumping height of the liquid feeding unit 60 exceeds the above upper limit, the cost of the liquid feeding unit 60 may increase. Here, the pumping height is measured by the following method. First, a sheet obtained by cutting the liquid feeding part 60 into a width of 4 cm and a length of 120 cm is coated with a polyethylene film having an average thickness of 0.03 mm (the sheet is inserted into a film formed into a bag shape by thermocompression bonding and covered around). Is set as a measurement sample and set on a stand that allows the measurement sample to be suspended vertically. At this time, the lower part is opened 5 cm so as to be in contact with the liquid surface. And let the average value of the value which measured the height pumped up from the liquid surface in 24 hours 5 times be pumping height.
　送液部６０が当接する透水シート５５の底面と貯留槽５９に貯留される栽培液Ｒの水面との距離の下限としては、６０ｍｍが好ましく、９０ｍｍがより好ましい。一方、上記距離の上限としては、１６０ｍｍが好ましく、１３０ｍｍがより好ましい。上記距離が上記下限に満たないと、水位の調節による送液部６０の給水量の調節ができなくなり、適切な水分ストレスをかけられないおそれがある。逆に、上記距離が上記上限を超えると、十分な量の栽培液Ｒを培地部５２に供給できないおそれがある。貯留槽５９に貯留される栽培液Ｒの水位の変化幅を考慮して、透水シート５５の底面と栽培液Ｒの水面との距離が上記範囲となるよう、透水シート５５及び貯留槽５９を設置する。 The lower limit of the distance between the bottom surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 with which the liquid feeding unit 60 abuts and the water surface of the cultivation liquid R stored in the storage tank 59 is preferably 60 mm, and more preferably 90 mm. On the other hand, the upper limit of the distance is preferably 160 mm, and more preferably 130 mm. If the distance is less than the lower limit, the water supply amount of the liquid feeding section 60 cannot be adjusted by adjusting the water level, and there is a possibility that an appropriate moisture stress cannot be applied. On the other hand, if the distance exceeds the upper limit, a sufficient amount of the cultivation liquid R may not be supplied to the medium part 52. In consideration of the change width of the water level of the cultivation liquid R stored in the storage tank 59, the water-permeable sheet 55 and the storage tank 59 are installed so that the distance between the bottom surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 and the water surface of the cultivation liquid R is within the above range. To do.
　なお、帯状の送液部６０は、透水シート５５の外面に当接されると共に、両端側の縁部が貯留槽５９の下部に浸漬されるように配設されてもよい。送液部６０の両端側の縁部を送液部６０の下部に浸漬させることで、一端側の縁部のみを送液部６０の下部に浸漬させる場合に比べて送液部６０による揚水効率を向上できる。 In addition, the belt-shaped liquid feeding unit 60 may be disposed so as to be in contact with the outer surface of the water-permeable sheet 55 and so that the edge portions on both ends are immersed in the lower part of the storage tank 59. Pumping efficiency by the liquid feeding part 60 compared with the case where only the edge part of one end side is immersed in the lower part of the liquid feeding part 60 by immersing the edge part of the both ends of the liquid feeding part 60 in the lower part of the liquid feeding part 60 Can be improved.
＜栽培液補助供給機構＞
　栽培液補助供給機構６６は、第２ポンプ６７及び供給管６８を有する。栽培液補助供給機構６６は、制御部６３によって第２ポンプ６７が制御され、栽培液槽５８に貯留される栽培液Ｒを供給管６８を介して培地部５２の上方から供給する。 <Culture solution auxiliary supply mechanism>
The cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 includes a second pump 67 and a supply pipe 68. In the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66, the second pump 67 is controlled by the control unit 63, and the cultivation liquid R stored in the cultivation liquid tank 58 is supplied from above the medium part 52 through the supply pipe 68.
　栽培液補助供給機構６６により上方から供給された栽培液Ｒが培地部５２内を下方へ向かって流通することで、栽培液Ｒの温度により培地部５２の温度が調節される。栽培液補助供給機構６６により培地部５２に供給された栽培液Ｒは、透水シート５５を透過して培地部５２外へ流出する。このようにして培地部５２外へ流出した栽培液Ｒは、重力により送液部６０を介して培地部５２の鉛直下方に配設される貯留槽５９内に入る。 The temperature of the culture medium part 52 is adjusted by the temperature of the culture liquid R because the culture liquid R supplied from above by the culture liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 flows downward in the culture medium part 52. The cultivation liquid R supplied to the culture medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 permeates the water permeable sheet 55 and flows out of the culture medium part 52. The cultivation liquid R that has flowed out of the medium part 52 in this way enters the storage tank 59 disposed vertically below the medium part 52 via the liquid feeding part 60 by gravity.
　栽培液補助供給機構６６により栽培液Ｒを培地部５２の上方から供給する際には、制御部６３によって第２ポンプ６７が制御され、給排水管６５を介して貯留槽５９内の栽培液Ｒを栽培液槽５８へ移送する。これにより、栽培液補助供給機構６６により培地部５２の上方から供給された栽培液Ｒは、貯留槽５９を介して栽培液槽５８に循環する。 When the cultivation liquid R is supplied from above the medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66, the second pump 67 is controlled by the control part 63, and the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 is supplied via the water supply / drain pipe 65. Transfer to the cultivation liquid tank 58. Thereby, the cultivation liquid R supplied from above the culture medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66 circulates to the cultivation liquid tank 58 through the storage tank 59.
　なお、ここでは第１ポンプ６４として双方向ポンプを用いることとしたが、栽培液Ｒを栽培液槽５８及び貯留槽５９間で双方向に流通させる構成であれば、双方向ポンプを用いなくてもよい。例えば栽培液槽５８及び貯留槽５９間に一方向ポンプを２つ併設する構成としてもよく、一方向ポンプと三方弁などとの組合せにより栽培液Ｒの移送方向を切り替える構成としてもよい。 Here, a bi-directional pump is used as the first pump 64, but the bi-directional pump may not be used as long as the cultivating liquid R is circulated bi-directionally between the cultivating liquid tank 58 and the storage tank 59. Also good. For example, two unidirectional pumps may be provided between the cultivating liquid tank 58 and the storage tank 59, or the transfer direction of the cultivating liquid R may be switched by a combination of a unidirectional pump and a three-way valve.
　また、給排水管６５及び供給管６８は、第１ポンプ６４及び第２ポンプ６７による栽培液Ｒの移送停止後も流路が繋がりサイフォン現象による水の移動が起こる可能性があるため、この水の移動を防止するために、栽培液Ｒの移送停止後に流路を遮断する電磁弁を備えることが好ましい。また、給排水管６５及び供給管６８は、サイフォンブレーカー及び逆止弁を備えることにより、上記水の移動を防止してもよい。また、第１ポンプ６４及び第２ポンプ６７として、サイフォン現象による水の移動が構造上起こらないチューブポンプやベリスタポンプ（登録商標）を用いてもよい。第１ポンプ６４及び第２ポンプ６７としてチューブポンプやベリスタポンプを用いることで、電磁弁やサイフォンブレーカー及び逆止弁を設置する場合に比べて設備コストを安価にできる。 In addition, the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and the supply pipe 68 are connected to the flow path even after the transfer of the cultivation liquid R by the first pump 64 and the second pump 67 is stopped, so that the water may move due to the siphon phenomenon. In order to prevent movement, it is preferable to provide an electromagnetic valve that shuts off the flow path after stopping the transfer of the cultivation liquid R. Further, the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and the supply pipe 68 may be provided with a siphon breaker and a check valve to prevent the movement of the water. Further, as the first pump 64 and the second pump 67, a tube pump or a Verista pump (registered trademark) in which water movement due to siphon phenomenon does not occur structurally may be used. By using tube pumps or beristor pumps as the first pump 64 and the second pump 67, the equipment cost can be reduced compared with the case where an electromagnetic valve, a siphon breaker, and a check valve are installed.
＜基台＞
　基台６９は、貯留槽５９の長手方向に沿って左右両側に配設される枠壁と、これらの枠壁の間に上記長手方向と垂直な方向で水平に固定される複数の支持棒７１とを有する。これらの複数の支持棒７１は、上記枠壁の最上位置及び高さ方向中間位置に固定される。また、上記基台６９は、枠壁の最上位置に固定された複数の支持棒７１に架け渡すように、これらの支持棒７１の上に上記長手方向と平行に固定される２本の固定棒７２を有する。また、上記基台６９は、枠壁の中間位置に固定された複数の支持棒７１に架け渡すように、これらの支持棒７１の上にも上記長手方向と平行に固定される２本の固定棒７２を有する。 <Base>
The base 69 has frame walls disposed on the left and right sides along the longitudinal direction of the storage tank 59, and a plurality of support bars 71 fixed horizontally between these frame walls in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. And have. The plurality of support bars 71 are fixed to the uppermost position and the intermediate position in the height direction of the frame wall. The base 69 has two fixed bars fixed on the support bars 71 in parallel with the longitudinal direction so as to be bridged over a plurality of support bars 71 fixed at the uppermost position of the frame wall. 72. Further, the base 69 is fixed to two support bars 71 parallel to the longitudinal direction so as to be bridged over a plurality of support bars 71 fixed to the middle position of the frame wall. It has a bar 72.
　上記支持棒７１及び固定棒７２として、金属製や樹脂製のものを用いることができる。これらの中でも、強度及び耐久性が高い点において金属製のものが好ましく、さらに軽量である点において金属製のパイプが好ましい。また、金属製のパイプとして、入手が容易かつ安価な点において農業パイプが好ましい。 As the support rod 71 and the fixing rod 72, a metal or resin can be used. Among these, a metal pipe is preferable in terms of strength and durability, and a metal pipe is preferable in terms of light weight. Moreover, as a metal pipe, an agricultural pipe is preferable in terms of easy availability and low cost.
［栽培方法］
　当該栽培方法は、図４の当該栽培液装置５１を用いて行える。当該栽培方法は、作物Ｑを着生させた培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを供給する栽培方法であって、上記培地部５２が毛管現象により栽培液Ｒが供給される栽培液供給領域を有し、温度を調節した栽培液Ｒを培地部５２の上方から供給する栽培方法である。 [Cultivation method]
The said cultivation method can be performed using the said cultivation liquid apparatus 51 of FIG. The said cultivation method is a cultivation method which supplies the culture solution R to the culture medium part 52 which made the crop Q grow, Comprising: The said culture medium part 52 has a culture solution supply area | region where the culture solution R is supplied by capillary phenomenon. This is a cultivation method in which the cultivation liquid R whose temperature is adjusted is supplied from above the medium part 52.
　当該栽培方法は、より具体的には、栽培液供給機構５３によって培地部５２に栽培液Ｒを供給する工程（栽培液供給工程）と、温度調節機構５４によって培地部５２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を栽培液槽５８で調節する工程（温度調節工程）と、栽培液補助供給機構６６によって栽培液槽５８の栽培液Ｒを培地部５２の上方から栽培液Ｒを補助的に供給する工程（栽培液補助供給工程）とを備える。 More specifically, the cultivation method includes a step of supplying the culture solution R to the culture medium unit 52 by the culture solution supply mechanism 53 (cultivation solution supply step), and a culture solution R to be supplied to the culture medium unit 52 by the temperature adjustment mechanism 54. A step of adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid tank 58 (temperature adjustment step), and a process of supplementarily supplying the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 58 from above the medium part 52 by the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism 66. (Cultivation liquid auxiliary supply process).
　栽培液供給工程及び温度調節工程は、第一実施形態のこれらの工程と同様の処理を行うので説明を省略する。 Since the cultivation liquid supply process and the temperature adjustment process perform the same processes as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
＜栽培液補助供給工程＞
　栽培液補助供給工程では、上記温度調節工程で温度が調節された栽培液槽５８の栽培液Ｒを培地部５２の上方から供給する。具体的には、例えば上記栽培液供給工程に加えてさらに培地部５２の温度調節が必要な場合に制御部６３が第２ポンプ６７を作動させ、栽培液槽５８の栽培液Ｒを供給管６８内に流通させて供給管６８出口より培地部５２の上方へ供給する。 <Cultivation liquid auxiliary supply process>
In the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply step, the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 58 whose temperature has been adjusted in the temperature adjustment step is supplied from above the medium part 52. Specifically, for example, when the temperature of the culture medium part 52 needs to be further adjusted in addition to the cultivation liquid supply step, the control unit 63 operates the second pump 67 to supply the cultivation liquid R in the cultivation liquid tank 58 to the supply pipe 68. It is made to distribute | circulate in and it supplies above the culture-medium part 52 from the supply pipe 68 exit.
　ここで、さらに培地部５２の温度調節が必要な場合とは、例えば栽培液供給工程での栽培液Ｒの供給による温度調節作用だけでは、培地部５２の温度を十分に調節できない場合又は培地部５２の温度調節に長時間を要するような場合である。より具体的には、作物Ｑの吸水量が小さい栽培初期や夜間、気温が異常に高い又は低いため培地部５２の温度調節するための温度差が大きい場合などである。 Here, the case where the temperature of the culture medium part 52 is further required is, for example, the case where the temperature of the culture medium part 52 cannot be sufficiently adjusted only by the temperature control action by supplying the culture liquid R in the culture liquid supply process, or the culture medium part This is a case where it takes a long time to adjust the temperature of 52. More specifically, this is the case when the temperature difference for adjusting the temperature of the culture medium portion 52 is large because the water absorption amount of the crop Q is small at the beginning of cultivation or at night, because the temperature is abnormally high or low.
　また、制御部６３は、第１ポンプ６４を作動させ、培地部５から流出し貯留槽５９内に入った栽培液Ｒを給排水管６５内に流通させて、栽培液槽５８へ循環させる。 In addition, the control unit 63 operates the first pump 64 to circulate the cultivation liquid R that has flowed out of the medium unit 5 and entered the storage tank 59 into the water supply / drainage pipe 65 and circulates it to the cultivation liquid tank 58.
　このように、栽培液補助供給工程により培地部５２内での栽培液Ｒの流量が増加するので、培地部５２の温度調節効果が促進される。 Thus, since the flow rate of the culture medium R in the culture medium part 52 is increased by the culture liquid auxiliary supply process, the temperature adjustment effect of the culture medium part 52 is promoted.
＜利点＞
　当該栽培装置は、栽培液槽の栽培液を培地部の上方から供給する栽培液補助供給機構を備えるので、培地部を流通する栽培液の流速を大きくできるため、培地部の温度調節作用を促進できる。これにより、当該栽培装置は、例えば栽培初期や夜間などの作物の吸水量が小さい場合でも、より確実に培地の温度を調節できる。従って、当該栽培装置により、苗の生育時期や昼夜を問わず培地部の地温の調節が可能となる。 <Advantages>
Since the said cultivation apparatus is equipped with the cultivation liquid auxiliary supply mechanism which supplies the cultivation liquid of a cultivation liquid tank from the upper direction of a culture medium part, since the flow rate of the cultivation liquid which distribute | circulates a culture medium part can be enlarged, the temperature control effect | action of a culture medium part is accelerated | stimulated it can. Thereby, the said cultivation apparatus can adjust the temperature of a culture medium more reliably, for example, even when the amount of water absorption of the crops at the initial stage of cultivation or at night is small. Therefore, the cultivation apparatus can adjust the ground temperature of the culture medium part regardless of the growth time of the seedling or day and night.
　また、当該栽培装置は、培地部が透水シートを有するので、上方から供給された栽培液が速やかに外部に流出するため、培地部は栽培液が過剰な状態とならず、適度な水分ストレスが作物の根部にかかる状態を維持させることができる。従って、一般に地温調節の目的で大量の水を灌水すると根腐れや裂果など作物への悪影響が生じ易いが、当該栽培装置ではこのような悪影響を抑制できる。 Moreover, since the culture medium part has a water-permeable sheet, the culture solution supplied from above quickly flows out to the outside. The state concerning the root part of a crop can be maintained. Therefore, in general, irrigation with a large amount of water for the purpose of controlling the soil temperature tends to cause adverse effects on crops such as root rot and raspberries, but such adverse effects can be suppressed in the cultivation apparatus.
　また、当該栽培装置は、培地部の上方から栽培液を供給するので、塩類を多く含む乾燥地や塩害地域の農業用水を作物栽培に用いた場合に、栽培液の水流による除塩（リーチング）効果により塩類集積を抑制することができる。 In addition, since the cultivation apparatus supplies the cultivation liquid from above the culture medium part, when agricultural water in dry land and salt damage areas containing a lot of salts is used for crop cultivation, salt removal (leaching) by the flow of the cultivation liquid Salt accumulation can be suppressed by the effect.
［その他の実施形態］
　今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。 [Other Embodiments]
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment described above, but is defined by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims. The
　上記実施形態では、温度調節機構としてヒーターを用い栽培液を加熱する構成について説明したが、栽培液の温度を調節できるものであればよく、温度調節機構としてヒーター以外のものを用いてもよい。例えば温度調節機構として熱交換器を用いることにより、冷却により栽培液の温度を迅速に低下させるように調節することができる。ここで、従来の冷房による温度調節は、細霧冷房（ミスト冷却）が用いられ、湿度の変動を伴うため過湿による病害発生が起き易かった。これに対し、当該栽培装置は、湿度の変動を伴わずに培地部の温度を低下させることができるので、培地部の温度を低下させる際の過湿による病害発生が起き難い。このように栽培液の温度を低下させるように調節することで、培地部の温度を低下させることができ、作物に適した地温よりも高い地温を有する土地でもその作物を栽培することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the cultivation liquid is heated using the heater as the temperature adjustment mechanism has been described. However, any structure other than the heater may be used as long as the temperature of the cultivation liquid can be adjusted. For example, by using a heat exchanger as a temperature adjusting mechanism, it is possible to adjust so that the temperature of the cultivation liquid can be quickly lowered by cooling. Here, the conventional temperature control by cooling uses fine fog cooling (mist cooling), and is accompanied by fluctuations in humidity. On the other hand, since the said cultivation apparatus can reduce the temperature of a culture | cultivation part without the fluctuation | variation of humidity, the disease generation | occurrence | production by the excessive humidity at the time of reducing the temperature of a culture | cultivation part does not occur easily. Thus, by adjusting so that the temperature of a cultivation liquid may be lowered | hung, the temperature of a culture medium part can be lowered | hung and the crop can be cultivated also in the land which has a soil temperature higher than the soil temperature suitable for a crop.
　上記実施形態では、温度調節機構が貯留槽内に貯留される栽培液の温度に基づいて栽培液の温度を調節する構成について説明したが、温度調節機構が貯留槽内の栽培液の温度以外の温度に基づいて栽培液の温度を調節する構成としてもよい。例えば培地部内の充填粒子の温度を検出する温度計を付設し、温度調節機構が培地部の温度に基づいて栽培液の温度を調節してもよい。このように、培地部の温度に基づいて栽培液の温度を調節することで、より精度よく作物に適した培地部の温度となるように栽培液の温度を調節できる。 In the said embodiment, although the temperature control mechanism demonstrated the structure which adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid based on the temperature of the cultivation liquid stored in a storage tank, a temperature adjustment mechanism is other than the temperature of the cultivation liquid in a storage tank. It is good also as a structure which adjusts the temperature of a cultivation liquid based on temperature. For example, a thermometer that detects the temperature of the filled particles in the medium part may be attached, and the temperature adjustment mechanism may adjust the temperature of the cultivation liquid based on the temperature of the medium part. Thus, by adjusting the temperature of the culture solution based on the temperature of the culture medium part, it is possible to adjust the temperature of the culture liquid so as to be more accurately the temperature of the culture medium part suitable for the crop.
　また、上記第一実施形態において、貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を検出する機構を貯留槽９内に付設し、検出される水位に基づいて作物Ｑに対する水分ストレスを調節するようにしてもよい。例えば第二実施形態の栽培装置と同様に、制御部が貯留槽９への栽培液Ｒの供給量を制御することにより貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの水位を上下させることで作物Ｑの根部にかかる乾燥ストレスを調節できる。また、制御部が、検出される水位から貯留槽９内に保持される栽培液Ｒの量を検出し、この栽培液量から作物Ｑに適した浸透圧ストレスがかかるような量の塩分を添加した栽培液を貯留槽９へ供給させることで、作物Ｑの根部にかかる浸透圧ストレスを調節できる。 Moreover, in said 1st embodiment, it attaches in the storage tank 9 the mechanism which detects the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9, and adjusts the water stress with respect to the crop Q based on the detected water level. Also good. For example, similarly to the cultivation apparatus of the second embodiment, the control unit controls the supply amount of the cultivation liquid R to the storage tank 9 to raise or lower the water level of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 to thereby increase the root of the crop Q. Can control drought stress on the body. In addition, the control unit detects the amount of the cultivation liquid R held in the storage tank 9 from the detected water level, and adds an amount of salt that causes osmotic stress suitable for the crop Q from the amount of the cultivation liquid. The osmotic stress applied to the root of the crop Q can be adjusted by supplying the cultivated liquid to the storage tank 9.
　また、上記第一実施形態では送液部１０としてシート体を用いたが、貯留槽９内の栽培液を培地部２に供給できれば送液部１０はシート体に限定されない。例えば、送液部１０として貯留槽９と培地部２とに接続される板状や筒状の供給路を用いてもよい。また、送液部１０として、上記充填粒子６として好適に用いられるものを含む構造体を用いてもよい。つまり、例えば土壌、パミスサンド等の微粒軽石、多孔性の火山岩の粉砕粒、粒状のロックウール、コーラルサンド、サンゴ、木炭等の板状や筒状等への成形や、筒状の枠内への充填等により栽培液の通過で崩れない形状の構造体とし、この構造体を介して貯留槽９と培地部２の底部とを接続してもよい。 In the first embodiment, the sheet body is used as the liquid feeding unit 10. However, the liquid feeding unit 10 is not limited to the sheet body as long as the culture solution in the storage tank 9 can be supplied to the culture medium unit 2. For example, a plate-like or cylindrical supply path connected to the storage tank 9 and the culture medium part 2 may be used as the liquid feeding part 10. Moreover, you may use the structure containing what is used suitably as the said filling particle 6 as the liquid feeding part 10. FIG. In other words, for example, fine pumice such as soil, pumice sand, pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral sand, coral, charcoal, etc., molded into a plate or cylinder, or into a cylindrical frame You may make it the structure of the shape which does not collapse by passage of cultivation liquid by filling etc., and you may connect the storage tank 9 and the bottom part of the culture-medium part 2 via this structure.
　また、上記第一実施形態では、遮根透水シート１６、第一防水シート１７ａ及び第二防水シート１７ｂを備える栽培装置１について説明したが、これらを備えない構成の栽培装置も本発明の意図する範囲内である。 Moreover, in said 1st embodiment, although the cultivation apparatus 1 provided with the root-permeable water permeable sheet 16, the 1st waterproof sheet 17a, and the 2nd waterproof sheet 17b was demonstrated, the cultivation apparatus of a structure which is not provided with these also intends this invention. Within range.
　また、上記第三実施形態では、温度調節効果を促進するために培地部の上方から栽培液を供給することとしたが、他の方法により温度調節効果を促進させてもよい。例えば図４の栽培装置５１の構成において、送液部６０と同様の追加マットを一端が培地部５２に挿入されるよう配置する。このように配置した追加マットの他端は、通常は貯留槽５９の栽培液Ｒ内に垂らさずに、温度調節効果を促進する際に、貯留槽５９の栽培液Ｒ内に垂らすとよい。このように追加マットの他端が貯留槽５９の栽培液Ｒ内に垂らすことで、追加マットを介して貯留槽５９から培地部５２への栽培液Ｒの流入が生じ、培地部５２内での栽培液Ｒの流量が増加するため、培地部５２の温度調節効果が促進される。また、他端が貯留槽５９の栽培液Ｒ内に入らず貯留槽５９の水面上方に位置するよう上記追加マットを配置しておき、例えば３時間に１回以上、貯留槽５９の栽培液Ｒの水位を上下させることにより、追加マットの他端が間欠的に栽培液Ｒ内に入るよう制御してもよい。これにより、貯留槽５９の水位が上昇したとき、追加マットを介した貯留槽５９から培地部５２への栽培液Ｒの流入が生じ、培地部５２の温度調節効果が促進される。 In the third embodiment, the culture solution is supplied from above the medium part in order to promote the temperature regulation effect. However, the temperature regulation effect may be promoted by other methods. For example, in the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 51 in FIG. 4, an additional mat similar to the liquid feeding unit 60 is arranged so that one end is inserted into the culture unit 52. The other end of the additional mat arranged in this manner is usually not hung in the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59, and may be hung in the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 59 when promoting the temperature control effect. In this way, the other end of the additional mat hangs in the cultivation liquid R of the storage tank 59, so that the cultivation liquid R flows from the storage tank 59 to the culture medium part 52 through the additional mat, Since the flow rate of the cultivation liquid R increases, the temperature adjustment effect of the culture medium part 52 is promoted. Moreover, the said additional mat is arrange | positioned so that the other end may not enter in the cultivation liquid R of the storage tank 59, but may be located above the water surface of the storage tank 59, for example, the cultivation liquid R of the storage tank 59 at least once in 3 hours. It may be controlled so that the other end of the additional mat enters the cultivation liquid R intermittently by raising and lowering the water level. Thereby, when the water level of the storage tank 59 rises, inflow of the cultivation liquid R from the storage tank 59 to the culture medium part 52 via the additional mat occurs, and the temperature regulation effect of the culture medium part 52 is promoted.
　以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
　第一実施形態の栽培装置１を用いて、温室内の気温、培地部２の温度及び貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの温度を測定し、培地部２の温度と温室内の気温及び貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの温度との関係を調査した。栽培装置１を用いてトマト苗を栽培し、収穫直前の５．５日間におけるこれらの温度の経時的変化を図５に示す。 Using the cultivation apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the temperature in the greenhouse, the temperature of the medium part 2 and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9 are measured, and the temperature of the medium part 2 and the temperature in the greenhouse and the storage tank The relationship with the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in 9 was investigated. A tomato seedling is cultivated using the cultivation apparatus 1, and the time-dependent change of these temperatures in 5.5 days just before a harvest is shown in FIG.
　図５の結果より、培地部２の温度は、温室内の気温よりも栽培液Ｒの温度に密接に連動していることがわかった。従って、図１の栽培装置１で培地部２に供給する栽培液Ｒの温度を調節することで、従来のようなエアコン等による温室内の気温調節よりも、培地部温度を調節し易いといえる。 From the result of FIG. 5, it was found that the temperature of the culture medium part 2 is closely linked to the temperature of the culture solution R rather than the temperature in the greenhouse. Therefore, by adjusting the temperature of the cultivation liquid R supplied to the culture medium part 2 by the cultivation apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, it can be said that it is easier to adjust the culture medium part temperature than the conventional temperature control in the greenhouse by an air conditioner or the like. .
　また、第一実施形態の栽培装置１を用いて、温室内の気温、培地部２の温度及び貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの温度を測定すると共に、このときの日照量及び作物Ｑによる吸水量を測定した。具体的には、栽培装置１を用いて、七段摘心のトマトについて６月初旬の９日間、上記温度、日照量及び吸水量を測定した。これらの温度と日照量との関係を図６に示す。また、栽培液Ｒの温度調節による培地部２の冷却効果と吸水量との関係を図７に示す。なお、図７の「冷却効果」は、培地部２の温度から温室内の気温を減じた温度差を示したものである。 Moreover, while using the cultivation apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment, while measuring the temperature of the greenhouse, the temperature of the culture medium part 2, and the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9, the amount of sunlight at this time and the water absorption by the crop Q The amount was measured. Specifically, the cultivation apparatus 1 was used to measure the temperature, the amount of sunshine, and the amount of water absorption for seven days of tomatoes that had been picked at the beginning of June for 9 days. The relationship between these temperatures and the amount of sunlight is shown in FIG. Moreover, the relationship between the cooling effect of the culture medium part 2 by the temperature control of the cultivation liquid R and the amount of water absorption is shown in FIG. In addition, the “cooling effect” in FIG. 7 shows a temperature difference obtained by subtracting the temperature in the greenhouse from the temperature of the culture medium part 2.
　図６の結果より、昼間の日照により気温が急上昇しても、培地部２の温度は貯留槽９内の栽培液Ｒの温度程度に維持されており、培地部２の地温の上昇が抑制されていることがわかる。 From the result of FIG. 6, even if the temperature suddenly rises due to daylight, the temperature of the culture medium part 2 is maintained at about the temperature of the cultivation liquid R in the storage tank 9, and the increase in the ground temperature of the culture medium part 2 is suppressed. You can see that
　図７より、作物Ｑによる吸水量は、１株あたり１日に１Ｌ程度であった。また、図７の結果より、最大で－８℃程度の冷却効果が得られること、及び冷却効果は作物Ｑの吸水量に依存していることがわかる。また、図６より、気温と栽培液Ｒとの温度差が大きいほど、冷却効果が大きいことがわかる。 From FIG. 7, the amount of water absorbed by crop Q was about 1 L per day per strain. Further, from the result of FIG. 7, it is understood that a cooling effect of about −8 ° C. is obtained at the maximum, and that the cooling effect depends on the water absorption amount of the crop Q. Moreover, it turns out that a cooling effect is so large that the temperature difference of temperature and the cultivation liquid R is large from FIG.
　これらの結果より、栽培装置１を用いることで、培地部２に対して大きな温度調節効果が得られることが確認できた。なお、ここでは、培地部２を冷却する場合の温度調節について確認したが、培地部２を加温する場合も、栽培装置１により培地部２の温度調節効果を得ることができる。 From these results, it was confirmed that a large temperature control effect was obtained for the culture medium part 2 by using the cultivation apparatus 1. In addition, although confirmed about the temperature control in the case of cooling the culture medium part 2 here, also when heating the culture medium part 2, the temperature control effect of the culture medium part 2 can be acquired by the cultivation apparatus 1. FIG.
　本発明の栽培装置及び栽培方法により、低コストで比較的高精度で地温を制御できるので、高品質な作物を低コストで栽培することができる。 Since the cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of the present invention can control the ground temperature with relatively high accuracy at low cost, it is possible to cultivate high-quality crops at low cost.
　１、３１、５１　栽培装置
　２、２１、２２、２ｍ、５２　培地部
　３、３３、５３　栽培液供給機構
　４、３４、５４　温度調節機構
　５、３５　枠体
　６、３６、５６　充填粒子
　７、３７　栽培液供給領域
　８、３８、５８　栽培液槽
　９、９１、９２、９ｎ、５９　貯留槽
　１０、６０　送液部
　１１、４１、６１　サーモスタット
　１２、４２、６２　ヒーター
　１３、４３、６３　制御部
　１４、４４　ポンプ
　１５、４６、６８　供給管
　１６　遮根透水シート
　１７ａ　第一防水シート
　１７ｂ　第二防水シート
　３２　培地部
　３９　貯留槽
　４０　台
　４５　水位計
　５５　透水シート
　６４　第１ポンプ
　６５　給排水管
　６６　栽培液補助供給機構
　６７　第２ポンプ
　６９　基台
　７０　農業用ビニール
　７１　支持棒
　７２　固定棒
　Ｑ　作物
　Ｒ　栽培液 1, 31, 51 Cultivation device 2, 21, 22, 2m, 52 Medium part 3, 33, 53 Cultivation liquid supply mechanism 4, 34, 54 Temperature control mechanism 5, 35 Frame body 6, 36, 56 Packed particles 7, 37 Cultivation liquid supply area 8, 38, 58 Cultivation liquid tank 9, 91, 92, 9n, 59 Storage tank 10, 60 Liquid feeding section 11, 41, 61 Thermostat 12, 42, 62 Heater 13, 43, 63 Control section 14, 44 Pump 15, 46, 68 Supply pipe 16 Root-permeable water-permeable sheet 17a First waterproof sheet 17b Second waterproof sheet 32 Medium part 39 Reservoir 40 units 45 Water level gauge 55 Water-permeable sheet 64 First pump 65 Supply / drain pipe 66 Cultivation liquid auxiliary supply Mechanism 67 Second pump 69 Base 70 Agricultural vinyl 71 Support rod 72 Fixed rod Q Crop R Culture solution

Claims (12)

  1. 　作物を着生させる培地部と、
    　この培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培液供給機構と
    　を備える栽培装置であって、
    　上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、
    　上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する温度調節機構をさらに備える栽培装置。     A medium section for growing crops;
    A cultivation apparatus provided with a cultivation liquid supply mechanism for supplying a cultivation liquid to the medium part,
    The medium part has a region where the culture solution is supplied by capillary action,
    The cultivation apparatus further provided with the temperature control mechanism which adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to the said culture medium part.
  2. 　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液を貯留する栽培液槽、この栽培液槽から供給される栽培液を一次貯留する貯留槽及びこの貯留槽から培地部に栽培液を流通する送液部を有し、
    　上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽又は送液部に付設されている請求項１に記載の栽培装置。     The cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a cultivation liquid tank that stores the cultivation liquid, a storage tank that primarily stores the cultivation liquid supplied from the cultivation liquid tank, and a liquid feeding unit that distributes the cultivation liquid from the storage tank to the medium part. And
    The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjustment mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank or the liquid feeding unit.
  3. 　上記栽培液槽の栽培液を上記培地部の上方から供給する栽培液補助供給機構をさらに備え、
    　上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽に付設され、
    　上記栽培液補助供給機構により培地部に供給された栽培液を上記貯留槽を介して栽培液槽に循環する請求項２に記載の栽培装置。     A culture solution auxiliary supply mechanism for supplying the culture solution in the culture solution tank from above the medium part;
    The temperature control mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank,
    The cultivation apparatus of Claim 2 which circulates the cultivation liquid supplied to the culture medium part by the said cultivation liquid auxiliary | assistant supply mechanism to the cultivation liquid tank through the said storage tank.
  4. 　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液を貯留する栽培液槽及びこの栽培液槽から供給される栽培液を保持する貯留槽を有し、
    　上記温度調節機構が上記栽培液槽に付設されている請求項１に記載の栽培装置。     The cultivation liquid supply mechanism has a cultivation tank for storing the cultivation liquid and a storage tank for holding the cultivation liquid supplied from the cultivation liquid tank,
    The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjusting mechanism is attached to the cultivation liquid tank.
  5. 　上記栽培液供給機構が、栽培液槽内の栽培液温度と培地部内の栽培液温度との差が５℃以内になるよう構成されている請求項２、請求項３又は請求項４に記載の栽培装置。 The said cultivation liquid supply mechanism is comprised so that the difference of the cultivation liquid temperature in a cultivation liquid tank and the cultivation liquid temperature in a culture-medium part may be less than 5 degreeC. Cultivation equipment.
  6. 　上記貯留槽における栽培液の水位を検出する機構をさらに備える請求項２から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a mechanism for detecting a water level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank.
  7. 　上記温度調節機構が、サーモスタット及びヒーターを有している請求項１から請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the temperature adjustment mechanism includes a thermostat and a heater.
  8. 　上記培地部が、枠体及びこの枠体内に充填される粒子を有する請求項１から請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the culture medium portion includes a frame and particles filled in the frame.
  9. 　上記充填される粒子の毛管上昇高さが、３ｃｍ以上３００ｃｍ以下である請求項８に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation device according to claim 8, wherein the height of capillary rise of the filled particles is 3 cm or more and 300 cm or less.
  10. 　上記粒子が、粒径０．１ｍｍ以上１ｍｍ以下の単粒を５０質量％以上含む請求項８又は請求項９に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the particles contain 50% by mass or more of single grains having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
  11. 　上記粒子のタップ密度が、１．００ｇ／ｃｍ３以上３．００ｇ／ｃｍ３以下である請求項８、請求項９又は請求項１０に記載の栽培装置。 The tap density of the particles is 1.00 g / cm 3 or more and 3.00 g / cm 3 or less, The cultivation apparatus according to claim 8, claim 9, or claim 10.
  12. 　作物を着生させた培地部に栽培液を供給する栽培方法であって、
    　上記培地部が毛管現象により栽培液が供給される領域を有し、
    　上記培地部に供給する栽培液の温度を調節する栽培方法。     A cultivation method for supplying a culture solution to a medium part on which a crop is grown,
    The medium part has a region where the culture solution is supplied by capillary action,
    The cultivation method which adjusts the temperature of the cultivation liquid supplied to the said culture medium part.
PCT/JP2015/076997 2014-12-18 2015-09-24 Cultivation device and cultivation method WO2016098414A1 (en)

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