JP4629713B2 - Outdoor greening device and outdoor greening system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an outdoor planting device for planting a soil-free place covered with concrete or asphalt on the surface, and in particular, it can be installed at a low cost and has excellent maintainability, and can be used on a rooftop or the like. The present invention relates to an outdoor greening device and an outdoor greening system that can be used even in places with strong weather.

  In recent years, from the viewpoints of urban heat island phenomenon countermeasures and creation of amenity spaces, greening of soilless places such as building rooftops has attracted attention.

  As an outdoor greening device that performs such greening, Patent Document 1 describes a rooftop greening system that can be made maintenance-free by combining a water supply system.

  Patent Document 2 describes a greening device that grows aquatic plants using a laver.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes a rooftop greening device and a rooftop greening method for circulating liquid fertilizer and planting vines.

JP 2004-298140 A JP 2004-305114 A JP 2005-110563 A

  However, each of the above-described conventional techniques has a problem that the type of plant to be grown or the height of the plant is limited. In order to be able to grow various plants, an advanced system is required, and it becomes an expensive device. Due to these restrictions, rooftop greening is not popular.

  Then, this invention is proposed in view of the above-mentioned actual condition, Comprising: It is an outdoor tree planting apparatus for planting the place where there is no soil where the surface was covered with concrete or asphalt, and it is a plant to grow The purpose of the present invention is to provide an outdoor planting device that can grow various plants and can be manufactured and installed at low cost.

  The present invention is an outdoor device mainly assuming a rooftop, which can be manufactured at low cost using easily available materials, is excellent in maintainability, and is easy even if the planted plant grows large A greening device that is not blown by the wind is provided.

  Specifically, the outdoor planting apparatus according to claim 1 includes a container that stores water, a cover plate that covers the top surface of the container and has a hole at a predetermined position fixed to the container, and the hole. In the greening device comprising a planting pot planted with plant seedlings, the planting pot is a detachable structure that is suspended from the lid plate, and has a structure having a space between the bottom of the container is there.

Furthermore, outdoor greening system of claim 1, wherein the planting pot, except for the portion which supports the hanging portion located on the lid plate, outer diameter, inner diameter with a cylinder of constant suitable length A sheet-like water-absorbing material is installed at the bottom of this cylindrical tube, and the sheet-shaped water-absorbing material is fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical tube without substantially damaging the opening cross-sectional area. The mechanism is provided, and the part that is located on the cover plate and supports the suspension part has a larger outer diameter than the other parts, and is thereby structured to be suspended from the hole in the cover plate. is there.

In the outdoor planting apparatus according to claim 1 , the thickness of the cover plate is made thicker in the upper and lower sides of the plate only in the periphery of the hole than in the other regions, and the cylinder is formed in the thickened region. A lid plate having a hole with a constant diameter in the longitudinal direction slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tube is used.

Furthermore, outdoor greening system of claim 1, the cover plate lower plate having a hole of the same size on the lid plate at the same position, and the cover plate in the other region than the thicker region around the holes in the cover plate lower The cover plate structure having a hollow laminated structure is bonded and fixed.

The outdoor greening system according to any one of claims 2 to 6 includes a plurality of outdoor greening devices, a water storage device having a water level adjusting mechanism, and a water distribution pipe with an open / close mechanism that connects each greening device and the water storage device. One of the outdoor greening devices in Japan has a high water level or all greening devices maintain a low water level for a certain period of time, while the water level of each greening device is periodically adjusted by the water level adjustment mechanism of the water storage device It is characterized by being moved up and down.

  According to the outdoor planting apparatus according to claim 1, since the upper surface of the container storing water is covered with the cover plate except for the planting pot part, moisture does not evaporate more than necessary, and the container is caused by rain. The amount of water inside does not increase. Generally, an appropriate amount of liquid fertilizer necessary for plant growth is dissolved in water stored in a container. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the situation where the fertilizer concentration becomes too high due to transpiration, is diluted with rainfall, or the stored water overflows and the fertilizer is discharged. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the opening area of the upper surface to a planting pot portion that is absolutely necessary. Moreover, since the planting pot is basically only suspended from a hole opened in the cover plate, it can be easily removed and replaced. That is, when a plant dies or when this plant is a vegetable and has been harvested, the planting pot can be easily replaced with a new plant seedling.

  Further, by adopting a structure in which the planting pot is hung from above, it is possible to leave no structure on the bottom of the container other than the roots extending from the planting pot. This is effective for plant growth.

  Water is stored at the bottom of the container, and roots extend from the planting pot here, but the roots are breathing and can not lack dissolved oxygen. Normally, oxygen is taken in from the air by circulating water inside or outside the container, or by bubbling, but if there is a place where the circulation of water is stagnant in the container, the water in that area becomes deficient and root Adversely affects the growth of On the other hand, in the structure of the present invention, since there is no need to place any structure on the bottom of the container, there is no element that hinders the circulation of water, and a good environment for root growth can be created across the entire container. is there.

In addition, according to the outdoor planting apparatus according to claim 1 , a cylindrical tube having a constant outer diameter and inner diameter that are easily available is used for the container of the planting pot. By using a cylindrical tube having a constant outer diameter and inner diameter for the container, not only can the present invention be implemented at low cost, but also the specific effects described in claim 3 can be produced. A sheet-like water-absorbing material is installed at the lower part of the cylindrical tube, and the soil filled thereon is prevented from falling. Furthermore, this sheet-like water-absorbing material is provided with a fixing mechanism at the bottom of the cylindrical tube, and is thereby held in the cylindrical tube. Here, it is effective to provide this fixing mechanism without substantially impairing the opening cross-sectional area by the structure described in detail in the embodiment. This is because water is supplied from the opening at the bottom of the cylindrical tube from the bottom of the container, and at the same time, the roots of the plant extend into the container from here. Therefore, it is important that the area be as large as possible and that there are no obstacles to root elongation. On the other hand, only the part that is located on the cover plate and supports the hanging part is increased in outer diameter by a method such as bonding a structure to the outside of the cylindrical tube, and this part does not pass through the hole in the cover plate. A planting pot is suspended.

Furthermore, according to the outdoor planting apparatus according to claim 1 , the plate thickness of the cover plate is made thicker than the other regions only at the periphery of the hole on both the upper side and the lower side of the plate, and in the thickened region. The planting pot can be fixed by using a cover plate having holes with a uniform diameter in the vertical direction. Of course, since the hole of the cover plate is sized so that the cylindrical tube of the planting pot can barely pass through, the planting pot is installed in a deep hole with little clearance. Therefore, it cannot be taken out from the hole unless it is pulled up almost directly. In other words, even if a strong wind blows in the lateral direction, it does not escape from the cover plate. Of course, the planting pot can be prevented from falling. Here, increasing the thickness of the upper side of the cover plate around the hole is also effective for preventing rainwater and the like from entering the container. Since the periphery of the hole is high, most of the rain that falls on the lid plate flows out of the lid plate without entering the container through the gap between the hole and the planting pot.

  On the other hand, increasing the thickness of the entire cover plate not only unnecessarily consumes the cover plate material, but also increases the weight of the device that must be taken the most care when installed on the rooftop, which is detrimental. For this reason, it is effective to make only the periphery of the hole thicker on the lower side of the lid plate. The present invention is also characterized in that the planting pot is filled with soil, and is a structure that can be said to be semi-hydroponic. Therefore, it is desirable that the soil to be filled in the planting pot is large. Also from that point, it is important to increase the soil filling amount in the lower part of the container by using a cylindrical container. Moreover, the amount of soil filled in the planting pot is also earned by making it deeper than the water depth that stores the container depth. In short, it may be said to be an outdoor-compatible semi-hydroponic device.

  It is very important to reduce the weight of the equipment considering rooftop installation. The present invention increases the amount of soil during soil cultivation by using a vertically long planting pot with a fall prevention mechanism, and when the plant grows beyond the range of soil cultivation under the planting pot and in the container In addition, elements are added to secure space and shift to hydroponics to extend the roots. In order to reduce the weight of the device, the soil is narrowed in the horizontal direction, and the water for hydroponics is shallow and narrowed in the vertical direction. As a result, it is possible to grow plants greatly while reducing the weight of the apparatus.

Moreover, according to the outdoor greening apparatus of Claim 1 , it becomes the structure which piled up the cover board lower board further under the cover board structure. By doing this, it is possible to fix the thickened area around the hole and increase the strength of the lid plate while suppressing an increase in weight. Further, with this hollow structure, a high heat insulating effect can be obtained. That is, air convection can be blocked by the cover plate lower plate, and heat transfer from the cover plate upper surface can be prevented by the hollow portion. As a result, even if the cover plate itself becomes very hot during the daytime in summer, it is possible to greatly suppress the heat from being transferred into the container.

According to the outdoor greening system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, it is possible to install a plurality of outdoor greening devices while reducing the weight of the device, which is a problem in the case of rooftop installation, with minimal modification. It is. That is, in the tree planting apparatus of the present invention, water is introduced into a container with a lid, so that the interior of the container does not dry immediately even if the water level drops for a certain period of time. Therefore, by periodically raising and lowering the water level of multiple greening devices and increasing the weight of the greening device in a high water level state to one or less in the system at all times, while reducing the amount of water, that is, the weight of the entire system, The inside of the container of the tree planting apparatus can be maintained in a sufficiently wet state where plant roots can grow. Rather, it promotes root air respiration and is effective in preventing root rot. In addition, the greening device must be installed in a sunny place on the roof, but by installing a separate water storage device, it becomes possible to place only the water storage device in a dedicated installation room with high load resistance, etc. Can be increased. Such a water storage device is also necessary if all greening devices actively create low water levels. In addition, by providing a water level up / down adjustment function on the water storage device side, it is only necessary to provide a pipe opening / closing mechanism such as an open / close valve on the greening device side, minimizing the additional mechanism required for systemization and additional costs. Can be reduced.

  The best mode of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment of Outdoor Greening Device]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of an outdoor greening apparatus according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, this outdoor greening device is configured by installing a plurality of planting pots 3 in a water-resistant container 1. The planting pot 3 is hung from a hole 10 provided in the cover plate 9 and installed. In the water-resistant container 1, water 2 containing liquid fertilizer is stored. The lid plate 9 is fixed to the water-resistant container 1 with the jig 4 and prevents the entire lid plate from being blown away by wind or the like.

  By providing the drainage port 5 in the water-resistant container 1, the amount of water in the container can be maintained below a certain amount. Further, water containing liquid fertilizer is also stored in the water storage tank 7, and the circulation pump 6 circulates between the water-resistant container 1 through the conduit 8, so that the water 2 in the water-resistant container stagnates and lacks oxygen deficiency. It is effective to prevent the situation from occurring.

  Hereinafter, the structure of the planting pot in this invention is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of the planting pot installed in the container.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the planting pot 20 is installed in the hole 18 opened in the cover plate 17 fixed to the water resistant container. A useful plant 16 is planted in the planting pot 20. The lower part of the planting pot 20 reaches below the water surface in the container, and moisture is supplied from the lower surface.

  The structure and production method of the planting pot 20 will be described in detail below.

  As a container for a planting pot, a cylindrical tube such as a hard polyvinyl chloride tube having a uniform diameter is cut into an appropriate length. Thin hard vinyl chloride tubes having an outer diameter of 10 cm or less are commercially available and are available at low cost. A fixing mechanism (falling prevention mechanism) 21 described later is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical tube 14, and a water-absorbing material 11 such as polyurethane resin foam or rock wool molded into a sheet shape is molded on the inner diameter to be installed. Then, the culture soil 13 is filled and used.

  In the case of the present invention, it is advantageous for the growth of the useful plant 16 after shifting to hydroponics to the extent that the useful plant 16 is already cultivated to a certain size in the planting pot 20 before hydroponics. A fixing ring 15 made by cutting a cylindrical tube having an inner diameter that can be inserted by sliding on the top of the cylindrical tube is bonded. The hole 18 opened in the lid portion must be larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube and smaller than the outer diameter of the fixing ring 15. Since the cylindrical tube can be inserted smoothly and the backlash must be reduced, it is better to make it about 1 to 2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube. If the hole diameter is larger than that, use a cloth or sponge. It is necessary to insert and close the gap.

  The outer diameter of the fixing ring 15 must be sufficiently large so that the hole does not show a face on the upper surface of the lid plate even if there is play in the cylindrical tube. At least, 1 mm needs to be larger than the value obtained by adding the difference between the hole diameter and the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube (that is, the amount of play) to the hole diameter. In order to prevent rainwater or the like from entering from the gap, it is desirable that the outer diameter of the fixing ring 15 be large. On the other hand, the cover plate must be thick only at the periphery 19 of the hole. The easiest way to achieve this is to make a hole of the same dimensions as the cover plate in a plate made of the same material as the cover plate, then cut it out and stack and bond the holes in the same position. In this method, the hole diameter of the bottom plate is the most important. In other words, the bottom plate supports the cylindrical tube when the planting pot is tilted by the wind. For this reason, it is also effective to use a material having higher strength than the bottom plate alone. On the other hand, there is no problem even if the plates stacked in the middle have a slightly larger hole diameter than the bottom plate.

  The upper side of the cover plate also needs to be at least 5 mm high in order to prevent rainwater from entering from the hole. In some cases, in order to use a long-sized planting pot, it is possible to further increase the upper side of the cover plate. In this case, the amount of soil in the planting pot increases, and the character of half hydroponics or hydroponics rather than hydroponics becomes stronger. In the present invention, even plants that dislike excessive water can be cultivated by this method. A similar effect can be realized by making the fixing ring 15 wide.

  As described above, the present invention facilitates the exchange of planting pots and gives the structure a degree of freedom, so that a plurality of plants having different growth cycles, appropriate environments, and growth sizes can be obtained with a single planting device. It also has a feature in that it allows growth.

  On the other hand, the lower side of the cover plate needs to be thick in order to fix the planting pot. It is necessary to pay attention to the weight when assuming a rooftop installation, and the depth of the stored water is up to about 15 cm even if deep. In order to increase the soil filling amount of the planting pot, the container for storing water is one that is much deeper than the water depth. Since the bottom of the container is left empty without a structure, the planting pot is typically about 15 cm long except for the uppermost fixing ring 15.

  It is necessary to support the planting pot so that it does not fall over even if it receives a crosswind by fitting it in a hole with a play of about 1 mm to 2 mm. Although it depends on the strength of the cover plate material, a thickness of approximately 5 cm or more (1/3 or more of the vertical dimension of the planting pot excluding the fixing ring) is sufficient for fixing. The flat area of the area to be thickened is sufficient if the planting pot does not peel off or break when it is supported by the wind, but there is not much merit even if it is reduced to darkness, so the outer diameter of the hole diameter is 2 cm or more. It is better to keep the size.

  A modification of this lid plate structure is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the lid plate lower plate 102 is further stacked under the lid plate structure. By doing so, the plates stacked around the hole can be bonded and fixed more firmly, and the strength of the lid plate can be increased while suppressing an increase in weight. Further, with this structure, a high heat insulating effect can be obtained. During the daytime in summer, it is unavoidable that sunlight shines on the cover plate and the cover plate itself becomes very hot. If the heat is transferred from the back of the lid plate into the container and reaches a very high temperature, the root growth is adversely affected. On the other hand, if it is the said cover plate structure, the heat insulation layer 105 of air exists in between, and it can suppress significantly that heat is transmitted in a container.

  In the present invention, since the planting pot is only inserted into the hole of the lid plate, if the planting pot and the container are tied with a string in case of emergency, the planting pot was blown away by the wind Even so, accidents and the like can be prevented because it only comes out of the hole.

  Hereinafter, another structure of the planting pot of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of the planting pot installed in the container.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the planting pot 40 is installed in the hole 38 opened in the cover plate 37 fixed to the water-resistant container. A useful plant 36 is planted in the planting pot 40. The lower part of the planting pot 40 reaches below the water surface in the container, and moisture is supplied from the lower surface.

  Hereinafter, the structure of the planting pot 40 will be described in detail.

  As the planting pot container, a cylindrical pipe having a uniform diameter such as a commercially available vinyl chloride pipe is cut into an appropriate length and used. A fixing mechanism (falling prevention mechanism) to be described later is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical tube, and a water absorbent material 31 such as polyurethane resin foam or rock wool formed in a sheet shape is installed on the bottom of the cylindrical tube without any gap, and the culture soil is formed thereon 33 is used. The cylindrical tube uppermost portion 35 has a structure in which a plate made of the same material as that of the cylindrical tube is penetrated and fixed. The hole 38 to be opened in the lid portion only needs to be larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube, and the hole 38 can be opened with a margin.

  In this case, in order to suppress backlash between the cylindrical tube and the hole, a drop-type fixing plug 43 is preferably provided. The load of the planting pot is supported by the entire overlapping portion with the cover plate, and can be supported by the overlapping portion of the top portion of the planting pot and the cover plate against cross wind. Since the overlapping portion is wide, rainwater hardly enters from between the hole and the cylindrical tube, but if the upper surface of the lid plate of the overlapping portion is made thicker, it is a perfect countermeasure against rainwater. This structure is characterized in that even when a planting pot is replaced, a planting pot having a different cylindrical tube outer diameter can be used as long as it is smaller than the hole diameter of the cover plate. On the other hand, it is necessary to produce a plate through which the cylindrical tube is fixed, which requires time and effort. This is an advantage and disadvantage of the embodiment described above.

  The structure of the planting pot which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

  FIG. 4 is a view showing a notch structure for supporting a supporting object at the bottom of the cylindrical tube, FIG. 5 is a view showing a state where a sheet-like water-absorbing material and soil are installed on the cylindrical tube, (A) is a side view, ) Is a bottom view.

  In this invention, even if it says a fixing mechanism, it points out the mechanism which prevents the fall of the sheet-like water-absorbing material mounted on the cylindrical tube bottom part of a planting pot exclusively. Particularly important is that it can be easily realized at a low cost without substantially impairing the opening cross-sectional area of the cylindrical tube. In order for the plant planted in the planting pot to grow greatly, the roots must be extended widely in the water, and in order to achieve this, it is desirable that the planting pot bottom is substantially open. . In order not to impair the cross-sectional area, it is the simplest method to avoid squeezing the opening and provide a support object 53 in a linear shape at the bottom to support it. The weight of the soil 52 on which the sheet-like water-absorbing material 51 is filled is supported, and the sheet-like water-absorbing material is supported by the support object 53. Then, as shown to (A) and (B) in FIG. 4, the notch 50 was put in the bottom part of the planting pot, and it cut into strip shape as shown to (A) and (B) in FIG. The plate is inserted here and bonded and fixed to form the support object 53. Here, (A) in FIGS. 4 and 5 is a side view, and (B) in FIGS. 4 and 5 is a bottom view.

  Since a hard vinyl chloride tube or the like is used for the cylindrical tube, the strip-shaped plate can also be bonded and fixed with a vinyl chloride adhesive using a material such as hard vinyl chloride. Here, the thickness of the strip plate is 1 mm or less, and about 0.5 mm is appropriate. This is because the strip plate is bonded and fixed to the cylindrical tube with the short side upright, and thus the plate thickness has little to do with the strength against the load. The sheet-like water-absorbing material supports the load while being deformed, and the adhesive surface between the cylindrical tube and the strip plate receives it. Therefore, it is important to take a sufficient depth of cut into the cylindrical tube and a short side of the strip to increase the bonding area, and at least 1 cm or more is preferable. Here, since the strip plate has a thickness of only about 0.5 mm to 1 mm, it can be said that there is substantially no area loss compared to the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical tube having an inner diameter of nearly 10 cm.

  A similar support method is possible even if a bar material is used instead of a strip plate, but in the case of a bar material, strength is required to support a load, and the material is limited. In particular, corrosion-resistant metal rods are expensive and undesirable. It is difficult to fix the cylinder tube. Since the cylindrical tube may be inserted into the container with a slight clearance from the hole formed in the lid plate, it is not desirable to provide a protrusion on the outside of the cylindrical tube. It is not easy to fix the rod in the cylinder which will be somewhat bent by the load without providing a protrusion on the outside of the cylindrical tube. Furthermore, a sheet-like water-absorbing material is one of the keys that support the load. Although it depends on the strength of the water-absorbing material, a cylindrical tube having an inner diameter of 10 cm or less can support the weight of soil and plants placed thereon if it has a thickness of 2 cm or more.

  6 (A), (B), (A), (B) in FIG. 7 are transformed into (A), (B) in FIG. 4, (A), (B) in FIG. An example is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the cylindrical tube is vertically long and the amount of soil filled up is large, it is effective to reinforce by providing strip plates so as to intersect vertically and horizontally. It is possible to fix the strips at the same height by cutting the strips at the intersection of the strips.

  In addition, as the installation position of the strip plate, it is possible to arrange one strip in the center of the circle, or two in the center of the circle to intersect vertically and horizontally, but in that case, a sheet shape that bends downward on the outer periphery of the circle There is a high risk of soil leaking from the edges of the absorbent material. Effectively preventing soil from leaking out by placing most of the sheet-like water-absorbing material in a convex manner toward the center of the circle by not placing a support object in the center of the circle. Can do it.

[Embodiment of outdoor greening system]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an outdoor greening system according to the present invention.

  A plurality of the greening devices 202 of the present invention are installed on the gantry 201, and are connected to the water storage device by the water distribution pipe 203. Since the water storage device is shared, it is fundamental that each greening device does not have a water storage tank individually. The water storage device is composed of a water level adjusting tank 205 and a water storage tank 206, both tanks are connected by a pipe 207, and water is supplied between both tanks by a water supply pump 208 capable of supplying water in both directions.

  Normally, the water distribution valve 204 is closed, and only when the water level of the greening device is changed, the valve is opened to exchange water with the water storage device. A pump may be used for water supply at this time, but more simply, water can be supplied by siphoning the water distribution pipe and combining it with the water level adjustment tank 205. According to this method, since the greening device is at the same water level as the water level adjustment tank 205, the water level of the greening device can be raised by sending water from the water storage tank 206 to the water level adjustment tank 205. The maximum water level of the water level adjustment tank 205 is determined by the height of the partition plate 214 with respect to the water storage tank 206. Even if the water supply pump 208 supplies water from the water storage tank 206 to the water level adjustment tank 205, the water level adjustment tank 205 overflows and stores water. Only water returns to the tank 206. This is the highest water level 211 of the greening device. After maintaining the greening device at this maximum water level for a predetermined time, the water pump 208 is reversed and water is supplied from the water level adjustment tank 205 to the water storage tank 206 to lower the water level of the greening device. The water level lower limit may be detected by a sensor and the water pump 208 may be stopped, or the water level adjusting tank side lower end of the pipe 207 can be used as the water level lower limit position, and the water pump 208 can supply water to the water tank 206 only up to the water level lower limit. The water supply pump 208 may be stopped after the completion of water supply. In any case, if the water level in the water level adjustment tank 205 falls too low, water may escape from the water distribution pipe 203, making it impossible to supply water to the tree planting device. Must be high enough. In this way, in this greening system, the water storage tank and the water level adjustment function are shared by a plurality of greening devices, and the cost of the system can be reduced.

  In the present greening system, a greening device is installed on the gantry 201, but this not only makes the water storage tank 206 deeper and more compact, but is also effective for load distribution. In other words, in this system, each greening device is periodically in a heavy state with a high water level, but the average water level of the entire greening device is rather close to the lowest water level, and the average weight of the greening device is also light. Therefore, by providing the gantry 201, the load can be widely distributed on the roof, and the load per unit area can be reduced. Furthermore, the roof is basically not horizontal. Even on a rooftop that looks flat, it often has a slight slope in consideration of drainage such as rainwater. On the other hand, the water level adjustment function of the greening system of the present invention assumes that the entire system is horizontal. Therefore, the water level adjustment function of the present invention can be effectively operated by horizontally adjusting the gantry.

  The purpose of this greening system is to reduce the load, so basically the greening devices that make up the system have a small amount of water stored inside and are kept in a light, low water level, and store it for a much shorter time. The water level is high and the water level is high. In order to reduce the average weight of all greening devices, it is important not to make a plurality of greening devices with high water levels at the same time. In addition, in this system, the average water level is set low and a high water level state is generated. Therefore, it is preferable to make the container for storing water far deeper than in the first embodiment, and the planting pots to be combined are deep. Will be used.

  In addition, as a difference from the greening device of the first embodiment, the planting pot is at a high water level at regular time intervals, so the roots extending out from the bottom of the planting pot may be immersed in water at the time of the high water level. If possible, it will not wither even if it is not in the water. Therefore, it can extend from the bottom of the planting pot into the container and can spread the roots widely upward. Furthermore, aiming at actively extending the root into the container, a hole can be made in the side surface of the planting pot so that the root can be extended outward. In this case, however, it is necessary to use a water-absorbing material so that soil does not flow out of the hole. If the growing plant species prefers relatively dry, it may be sufficient to immerse the planting pot itself at a high water level. That is, the planting pot is on the water surface in a low water level state, and water is supplied only in a periodic high water level state. However, how much moisture in the planting pot is lost during the low water level depends on the size, temperature, and weather of the growing plant, and therefore involves the danger of being too dry. Especially in the case of the present invention, it is aimed to grow the plant larger than the size of the planting pot, and there is a possibility that only the water that can be retained by the soil and water-absorbing material in the planting pot may be insufficient. In order to stabilize the amount of water in the planting pot, it is preferable to adjust the water level so that the lower part of the planting pot is immersed in water even in a low water level state.

[Second Embodiment of Outdoor Greening Device]
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the outdoor planting apparatus in the second embodiment according to the present invention.

  In this outdoor greening apparatus, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of planting units 303 fixed to the bottom of the waterproof container 301 are installed in the waterproof container 301. Further, in the waterproof container 301, water 302 in which liquid fertilizer is dissolved is stored. A shielding member 304 made of a waterproof material is provided on the waterproof container 301. The shielding member 304 covers the waterproof container 301 except for the minimum necessary opening corresponding to the planting unit 303, and prevents water such as rain from flowing into the waterproof container 1. Further, the waterproof container 1 is provided with a drain port 305 so that the amount of water in the waterproof container 1 is maintained below a certain amount.

  The water in the waterproof container 301 is circulated between the water storage tank 307 and the water via a conduit 308 by a circulation pump 306. The water storage tank 307 also stores water in which liquid fertilizer is dissolved.

  In this outdoor greening device, the water amount adjusting mechanism that keeps the amount of water stored in the waterproof container 301 constant and the water stored in the waterproof container 301 are circulated by the drain port 305, the circulation pump 306, and the water storage tank 307. A water circulation mechanism is configured.

  FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view showing a part of the outdoor greening apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the structure of the planting unit 303 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a stand 312 is fixed and installed on the bottom 311 of the waterproof container 301, and a planting pot formed from a water-permeable material in which useful plants 316 are planted by the stand 312. 313 is supported. The stand 312 and the planting pot 313 constitute a planting unit 303.

  The planting pot 313 has a water absorbing member 314 made of a cloth-like water absorbing material wound around the outer periphery. The water absorbing member 314 is fixed to the stand 312 by a fixing band 315. In addition, although the fixing method with respect to the stand 312 of the water absorption member 314 is not limited to the thing by the fixing band 315, it is necessary for the planting pot 313 to be removable and for the water absorption member 314 to contact the planting pot 313.

  The water absorbing member 314 extends to a sufficiently lower level than the water surface 317 located below the planting pot 313, absorbs water by capillary action, and supplies moisture to the planting pot 313. Since the water from the water absorbing member 314 needs to be supplied to the useful plant 316, the planting pot 313 is formed from a water permeable material.

  Depending on the plant species to be cultivated, there may be no problem even if the water surface 317 rises until it reaches the lower part of the planting pot 313. However, depending on the plant species, root rot may occur. The position of 314 needs to be adjusted as appropriate.

  Hereinafter, the function and usage method of this outdoor greening device will be described in detail.

  Since this outdoor greening device is premised on outdoor installation, rain or the like may enter the waterproof container 301 to increase the amount of water and dilute the liquid fertilizer concentration. Such intrusion of rain or the like into the waterproof container 1 is prevented by the shielding member 304. In addition, since it is inevitable that a certain amount of water enters, a drain outlet 305 is provided so that the water surface does not exceed the upper limit.

  Here, if the shielding member 304 is translucent, problems such as generation of algae in the waterproof container 301 occur. Therefore, the shielding member 304 is preferably made of a light shielding material. If there is no intrusion such as rain, the amount of stored water will basically decrease little by little, so it is necessary to replenish water containing liquid fertilizer as appropriate. As the plant grows, the composition of the liquid fertilizer also collapses, so it is also necessary to update a considerable amount of water stored in the waterproof container 1 and the water storage tank 307. Simply, after pouring out liquid fertilizer components with a large amount of running water, the concentrated liquid fertilizer can be adjusted to a predetermined liquid fertilizer concentration by taking into account the amount of stored water.

  In order to distribute the liquid fertilizer component and dissolved oxygen uniformly, the water in the waterproof container 301 and the water storage tank 307 is circulated by the circulation pump 306. In order to reduce the amount of water stored in the waterproof container 301, it is desirable to provide a water storage tank 307. Considering the installation on the rooftop or the like, it is required to reduce the weight of the device per unit area as much as possible. Therefore, the water depth in the waterproof container 301 needs to be as shallow as possible. However, if the amount of water to be stored is small, the concentration fluctuation of the liquid fertilizer becomes large and the water supply to the plant becomes insufficient.

  Therefore, it is preferable to install a water storage tank 307 in another place to store a large amount of water and increase the total water storage amount. Furthermore, the water storage tank 307 may be provided with a water level sensor so that water is supplied from a water supply or the like when the water level drops too low. Since the waterproof container 301 has a shallow water depth, it is not suitable for installing a water level sensor, and is provided in the direction of the water storage tank 307. Although the upper limit of the water surface is determined by the drain outlet 305, a drop in the water level can also be prevented in this way.

  The water storage tank 307 can be provided with a temperature sensor and a heater so as to have a water temperature adjustment function. Although not necessary in summer, it is a useful function for growing plants in the cold season. In general, since soil is difficult to transfer heat, very large equipment is required to heat the soil in normal alley cultivation. On the other hand, in this outdoor tree planting apparatus, the inside of the waterproof container 301 can be heated very easily by circulating the temperature-adjusted water, and in the alley cultivation, the underground part can be heated. .

  In this outdoor greening device, a planting unit 303 is fixed to a waterproof container 301. When hydroponically cultivating a plant outdoors, there is a risk that the plant will be easily overturned or blown away by wind if there is no fixed object to replace the soil. In this outdoor greening device, the planting pot 313 is supported by the waterproof container 301 via the stand 312 and is fixed to the stand 312 together with the water absorbing member 314 by a fixing band 315. As the plant grows, the roots are entangled with the water absorbing member 314, whereby the planting pot 313 is more firmly fixed to the stand 312 via the water absorbing member 314.

  The planting pot 313 is detachable from the stand 312. Thereby, it becomes possible to shift to hydroponic cultivation in the outdoor planting apparatus after growing the seedling of the plant using the planting pot 313 and growing it to a certain size. Hydroponic cultivation has a greater stress on plants than soil growth, and there is a possibility of death or growth delay, so it is effective to use seedlings grown to a certain extent. It is also easy to replace a dead seedling.

  Further, since the planting pot 313 is detachable from the stand 312, harvesting and post-harvest operations are facilitated. By leaving the stand 312, the planting pot 313 can be collected together with the water-absorbing member 314 to harvest the necessary part of the plant. After harvesting, new seedlings grown again in the planting pot 313 are placed on the empty stand 312 together with the planting pot 313, and the next crop can be started immediately.

[Third Embodiment of Outdoor Greening Device]
The third embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

  FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the outdoor planting apparatus in the third embodiment according to the present invention.

  The basic configuration of the outdoor planting apparatus in the present embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment described above, but as shown in FIG. 12, a removable heat retaining cover that covers the upper surface of the waterproof container 301. It is characterized in that a sheet 329 is provided. Further, although not explicitly shown in FIG. 12, in this outdoor greening device, a temperature sensor and a heater are installed in the water storage tank 7 and have a water temperature adjustment function.

  The heat insulating sheet 329 is made of a transparent material such as polyethylene and is held by a skeleton member (not shown) assembled on the waterproof container 1. Since the heat insulation sheet 329 is used only in the cold season, it has a detachable structure.

  This outdoor tree planting device grows plants throughout the year, and can continue to grow plants even in the cold season centering on winter. Therefore, this outdoor greening device has a heating function. Only by installing a temperature sensor and a heater in the water storage tank 307 and having a water temperature adjustment function, only the inside of the waterproof container 301 can be heated, and the portion above the shielding member 304 of the plant 316 cannot be heated. . The heat insulation sheet 329 keeps the upper part of the plant 316 in the heat insulation sheet 329 warm.

  In this outdoor greening device, the heat insulation in the heat insulation sheet 329 is not just heat insulation, but is heat using heat that is transmitted from the warmed water in the waterproof container 301 through the shielding member 304. In order not to miss the effect, a heat insulating sheet 329 is provided.

  Thus, in this outdoor greening device, the upper part of the shielding member 304 is very efficiently obtained by gently heating and holding the entire shielding member 304 without providing a new heating mechanism. The heat insulation in the heat insulation sheet 329) is achieved.

  Here, in this outdoor greening device, the provision of the shielding member 304 can prevent an increase in humidity and condensation in the heat insulating sheet 329. In this outdoor greening device, since the warmed water in the waterproof container 301 is used for heat insulation, if the shielding member 304 does not exist, the water vapor rising from the warm water in the entire heat insulation sheet 329 is generated. It will fill up and become an overhumid environment. In addition, a large amount of condensation is generated inside the heat insulating sheet 329. These are major obstacles to plant growth, equipment maintenance and management, and must be prevented. In this outdoor greening device, the shielding member 304 prevents the upper and lower air circulation, and only heat is transmitted to the heat insulating sheet 329 so that water vapor does not rise, so that the humidity in the heat insulating sheet 329 increases. And condensation are prevented.

[Configuration of the second and third embodiments of the outdoor greening device]
[1]
An outdoor planting device having a plant cultivation tank in which a planting pot formed from a water-permeable material is installed in a waterproof container that stores water in which liquid fertilizer is dissolved, and the planting pot is a bottom surface of the waterproof container, Alternatively, the waterproof container is fixed to the side surface, and the upper surface portion is covered with a shielding member made of a waterproof material except for a portion corresponding to the planting pot.

[2]
In the outdoor planting apparatus having the configuration [1], the planting pot is exposed at least partially above the water surface of the water stored in the waterproof container, and between the planting pot and the waterproof container. A water-absorbing member made of a water-absorbing material is provided, and the water-absorbing member absorbs water stored in a waterproof container and supplies it into the planting pot.

[3]
In the outdoor greening device having the configuration [1] or the configuration [2], a water amount adjusting mechanism that keeps the amount of water stored in the waterproof container constant, and a water circulation mechanism that circulates the water stored in the waterproof container It is characterized by having.

[4]
The outdoor planting apparatus having any one of the configurations [1] to [3] includes a water temperature adjusting mechanism that adjusts the temperature of water stored in the waterproof container.

[5]
The outdoor planting apparatus having the configuration [4] has a heat insulating sheet made of a transparent material and detachably covering the upper surface portion of the waterproof container, and the heat insulating sheet prevents intrusion of outside air into the heat insulating sheet. It is characterized by this.

[Effects of the second and third embodiments of the outdoor greening device]
[1]
The waterproof container is covered with a shielding member made of a waterproof material except for the portion corresponding to the planting pot on the upper surface portion, so that moisture does not evaporate more than necessary, and the waterproof container is caused by rainfall. The amount of water inside does not increase. Therefore, this outdoor greening apparatus is suitable for active plant growth. That is, in the outdoor planting apparatus according to the present invention, for the purpose of growing useful plants, an appropriate amount of liquid fertilizer is dissolved in the stored water. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent a situation in which moisture evaporates and the fertilizer concentration becomes too high, it is diluted with rainfall, or the stored water overflows and the fertilizer component flows out. Therefore, the opening area | region provided in a shielding member is limited to the required minimum area | region corresponding to a planting pot.

  In addition, when a plant grows, a large plant is placed on a small planting pot and falls easily. However, since the planting pot is fixed to a waterproof container, there is no risk of falling. By fixing the planting pot, it is possible to prevent the plant from being blown away or toppled by the wind, and it is also useful for considering greening in a high and windy place such as the rooftop of a building.

[2]
Since at least a part of the installation position of the planting pot is above the water surface of the water stored in the waterproof container, it is possible to prevent obstacles such as root rot of the growing plant. And in this outdoor tree planting processing apparatus, instead of placing the roots in water, water is supplied by capillary action through a water absorbing member whose lower part is in water and whose upper part is connected to the planting pot. In addition, the lower part of the planting pot may be immersed in water from the balance between the required amount of water and the water retention capacity and water absorption capacity of the planting pot.

  In this outdoor greening device, by using a water absorbing member, water can be supplied without being affected even if the water surface in the waterproof container fluctuates somewhat up and down, and sufficient for the root without submerging the root. It is possible to supply moisture while supplying oxygen.

[3]
In addition, the hair root that absorbs moisture and nutrients is very sensitive, so it is very vulnerable to changes in the environment, especially to dryness. By having a water amount adjusting mechanism that keeps constant, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the roots are dried and hinder plant growth.

  In addition, sufficient dissolved oxygen and fertilizer are necessary to grow roots. However, in this outdoor planting device, dissolved oxygen and fertilizer in the container are provided by providing a water circulation mechanism that circulates the stored water. Minutes can be uniform.

[4]
The water temperature stored in the waterproof container is kept at an appropriate temperature.

  That is, in this outdoor greening device, the environment where the plant is placed is separated from the outside of the device and the lower side of the shielding member by the shielding member provided on the waterproof container. The outside of the device rises in temperature due to sunlight and ambient radiant heat in the daytime, but the lower side of the shielding member is particularly affected by the large heat capacity of the water stored in the waterproof container and the downward heat dissipation. In winter, there may be cases where the optimal temperature for plant growth is not reached. However, in this outdoor greening device, the water stored in the waterproof container can be maintained at a predetermined temperature by the water temperature adjusting mechanism so that plant death and growth failure do not occur.

[5]
A removable heat insulating sheet made of a transparent material covering the upper surface is provided, and the installation of the heat insulating sheet prevents outside air from entering the inside of the sheet, thereby providing a simple greenhouse. Especially in winter, it becomes possible to accelerate the growth of plants by the heat insulating sheet, and it becomes possible to grow useful plants throughout the year. The lower side of the shielding member is maintained at a constant temperature. Further, by covering with a heat insulating sheet, heat from the lower side is gently transmitted, and the inside of the heat insulating sheet (upper side of the shielding member) is also maintained at a constant temperature. Can do.

  In this case, the lower side of the shielding member warms the stored water to maintain the temperature. Therefore, if it is not separated by the shielding member, a large amount of evaporated water will reach the heat insulation sheet and the humidity will increase. In this outdoor greening device, the water stored on the lower side in the state of being separated by the shielding member is heated in this outdoor greening device. Nothing will happen.

It is a figure explaining the structure of the outdoor planting apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the structure of the planting pot of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining another structure of the planting pot of this invention. It is a figure of the cylindrical tube bottom part explaining the fixing mechanism of the water absorptive material of the present invention. It is a figure of the cylindrical tube bottom part of the state which installed the sheet-like water-absorbing material and soil which explain the fixing mechanism of the water-absorbing material of the present invention. It is a figure of the cylindrical tube bottom part explaining the modification of the fixing mechanism of the water absorbing material of this invention. It is a figure of the cylindrical tube bottom part of the state which installed the sheet-like water-absorbing material and soil which explain the modification of the fixing mechanism of the water-absorbing material of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the modification of the cover plate structure of this invention. It is a figure explaining the structure of the outdoor greening system which concerns on this invention. It is a cross-sectional view which shows typically the structure of the outdoor greening apparatus in 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which expands and shows a part of said outdoor greening apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view which shows typically the structure of the outdoor tree planting apparatus in 3rd Embodiment concerning this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water-resistant container 2 Water containing liquid fertilizer 3 Planting pot 4 Jig 5 Discharge port 6 Circulating pump 7 Water storage tank 8 Conduit 9 Lid plate 10 Hole provided in the lid plate 11 Water absorption material 12 Water surface 13 Culture soil 14 Cylindrical tube 15 Fixing ring 16 Useful plant 17 Cover plate 18 Hole opened in cover plate 19 Peripheral portion of hole 20 Planting pot 21 Fixing mechanism 22 Container bottom surface 31 Water absorbent material 32 Water surface 33 Culture soil 34 Cylindrical tube 35 Cylindrical tube top 36 Useful Plant 37 Cover plate 38 Hole opened in cover plate 39 Surrounding portion of hole 40 Planting pot 41 Fixing mechanism 42 Container bottom surface 43 Fixing plug 50 Notch 51 Sheet-like water absorbent material 52 Soil 53 Supporting object 60 Notch 61 Sheet-like water absorbency Material 62 Soil 63 Supporting object 101 Cover plate 102 Cover plate lower plate 103 Plate 104 overlapped on the bottom surface of the cover plate 104 Layered on the top surface of the cover plate Plate 105 Air insulation layer 201 Base 202 Greening device 203 Water distribution pipe 204 Water distribution valve 205 Water level adjustment tank 206 Water storage tank 207 Pipe 208 Water supply pump 209 Water tank water level 210 Greening device minimum water level 211 Greening device maximum water level 212 Greening with low water level Water surface 213 of device Water surface 214 of greening device with high water level Partition plate 215 Lid

Claims (6)

A water-resistant container storing water in which liquid fertilizer is dissolved, a cover plate fixed to the water-resistant container and covering the upper surface of the water-resistant container and having a hole at a predetermined location; a plant seedling planted and a hole in the cover plate An outdoor planting device having a planting pot inserted into
The planting pot has a detachable structure suspended by the cover plate, and is supported with a space between the bottom of the water-resistant container,
The container constituting the planting pot is composed of a cylindrical tube having an appropriate length with both an outer diameter and an inner diameter, except for a portion suspended by the lid plate, and a sheet-like water-absorbing material is formed at the lower part of the cylindrical tube. The sheet-like water-absorbing material fixing mechanism is provided without damaging the opening cross-sectional area at the bottom of the cylindrical tube, and the portion suspended by the lid plate is the other part. Having an outer diameter larger than the portion, suspended from the edge of the hole in the lid plate,
The lid plate has a thicker peripheral portion of the hole on both the upper side and the lower side of the plate body forming the lid plate than the other regions, and in the region where the plate thickness is increased, Having a hole with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube of the container forming the planting pot;
A lid plate lower plate having a hole of the same size at the same position as the lid plate is bonded and fixed to the lid plate in a region thicker than other regions around the hole on the lower side of the lid plate, and a hollow laminated lid plate structure A greening device for outdoor use. A plurality of outdoor greening system, water storage device, a deposition Ru outdoor greening system from closing mechanism with water distribution pipe connecting each greening system and water storage device having a water level adjusting mechanism,
The plurality of outdoor greening devices include a water-resistant container that stores water in which liquid fertilizer is dissolved, a lid plate that is fixed to the water-resistant container, covers the upper surface of the water-resistant container, and has a hole at a predetermined location; An outdoor planting device having a planting pot in which seedlings are planted and inserted into a hole of the lid plate, the planting pot having a detachable structure suspended by the lid plate, Supported with a space between the bottom of the sex container and
While the greening device having a higher water level than the other greening devices among the plurality of outdoor greening devices maintains the state of one or less, the water level of each greening device is periodically moved up and down by the water level adjustment mechanism of the water storage device. An outdoor greening system characterized by In the plurality of outdoor greening apparatuses, the container constituting the planting pot is composed of a cylindrical tube having an appropriate length with a constant outer diameter and inner diameter except for a portion suspended by the cover plate. A sheet-like water-absorbing material is installed at the bottom, and soil is filled thereon, and a fixing mechanism for the sheet-like water-absorbing material is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical tube without impairing the opening cross-sectional area. The outdoor greening system according to claim 2, wherein the suspended portion has a larger outer diameter than other portions, and is suspended from an edge portion of the hole of the lid plate. In the plurality of outdoor greening devices, the cover plate is thicker than the other region in the peripheral portion of the hole on both the upper side and the lower side of the plate body forming the cover plate. The outdoor greening system according to claim 3, wherein a hole having a diameter slightly larger than an outer diameter of the cylindrical tube of the container constituting the planting pot is provided in the thickened region. In the plurality of outdoor greening devices, the portion of the planting pot that is suspended by the lid plate has a plane area that is sufficiently wider than the outer diameter area of the cylindrical tube portion of the container forming the planting pot. The outdoor greening system according to claim 3, wherein the outdoor greening system is installed so as to overlap the upper surface of the cover plate and to be fixed to the cover plate. In the plurality of outdoor greening devices, a lid plate lower plate having a hole of the same size at the same position as the lid plate is bonded and fixed to the lid plate in a region thicker than other regions around the hole on the lower side of the lid plate. The outdoor greening system according to claim 4, wherein the structure is a hollow laminated lid plate structure.

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