JP2001251980A - Method and apparatus for cultivating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for cultivating a plant, capable of facilitating the regulation of an amount to be fed, the preparation for cultivation, and the tending operation after the cultivation by cultivating the plant while separating and restricting the root zone of a plant body by one root individually. SOLUTION: Plant seedlings raised in cultivation containers 3 each having root-protecting sheet 5 detachably stretched and attached on a bottom surface side, with the containers 3, or plant seedlings raised at a different site, and transferred to the cultivation containers 3 together with the culture media are installed in a culturing vessel 1, and cultivated while regulating the amount of the liquid fed to the cultivation vessel 1 so that the water level may be present between the level at which the liquid surface is lifted to the state in which the media for the seedlings in the containers 3 may be immersed in the nutritious liquid, and the level at which the liquid surface is lowered to the position lower than the bottom face of the cultivation containers 3 and same as the bottom face of the cultivation vessel 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus, and more particularly, to a root prevention sheet on the bottom side so that the root area of a plant can be individually isolated and restricted for each plant. Set up a cultivation container with a detachably installed cultivation container in the cultivation tank,
The liquid level of the nutrient solution supplied through the root-prevention sheet was raised to the level where the culture medium of the seedlings in the cultivation container was immersed in the nutrient solution, and the liquid level was lowered to the bottom of the cultivation tank. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus in which a plant is cultivated while adjusting a liquid level up and down with a water level.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hydroponic cultivation, compared to soil cultivation, has a clean cultivation environment, is easy to work, has no obstacles to continuous cropping, and can always expect the same pattern, regardless of the quality and management of soil. Although it is possible to automate the cultivation, it is a cultivation method that has been popularized mainly for institutional leafy vegetables, because there are advantages such as, but the conventional cultivation method is to add the root zone of multiple plants to a continuous medium. It was cultivated by sharing.

[0003] For this reason, in the management work after the end of cultivation, since the roots of a plurality of plants are entangled in a mat shape around the solid medium, it is difficult to separate the roots from the solid medium and to carry out the plants. In addition, it takes a lot of effort to transport the medium, and when using a large amount of medium,
If waste medium is cumbersome and processing costs are high, and a large amount of continuous medium is used, the medium will contain a large amount of water in a single supply, making it difficult to control the supply amount. There were drawbacks such as becoming.

On the other hand, as a cultivation method using a cultivation container (pot), for example, a slit is formed at the bottom of a cultivation container and water is absorbed inside the bottom of the cultivation container in order to prevent adjacent plants from entanglement. Cultivating plants by laying a water-resistant mat, laying a root-proof sheet on the upper surface of the water-absorbent mat, and allowing the nutrient solution to penetrate the culture medium through the water-absorbent mat and the root-proof sheet (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-154509) Publication) and a cultivation container, a water passage hole is formed at the bottom, and a porous film having a hole smaller than the root cap of the plant root is provided below the bottom, and the porous film wets the nutrient solution. A method of cultivating a plant by supplying it to a water level (JP-A-3-22926) is known.

However, as in the former method of cultivation, the supply of the nutrient solution through the water-absorbent mat and the root-proof sheet into the medium, or the supply of the nutrient solution in the wet state as in the latter cultivation method, require time. The amount of liquid supply per unit is limited to a small amount, especially during periods of high transpiration, such as in summer, which may cause withering depending on the type and size of the plant. Instead of a slit on the bottom of the cultivation container,
Since the water holes were formed, washing and disinfection of the cultivation container after the completion of cultivation could not be easily and reliably performed, and there was a risk of disease occurring in the next cultivation due to insufficient washing.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above situation, the present invention has been made in order to eliminate the conventional drawbacks. A cultivation container with a simple structure in which the root sheet is merely detachably stretched.By separately isolating and restricting the root area of each plant, individual plants can be used in a small amount, so that the supply of the medium is small. Liquid management is not allowed to limit the amount of liquid supplied to the medium to a small amount according to the season, the type of plant, the growth stage, and after the cultivation, it is easy to carry out the plant and treat the waste medium,
Furthermore, cleaning and disinfection of the cultivation container can be performed easily and reliably.
An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation device that can prevent the occurrence of a disease caused by contamination of a cultivation tank.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first technical means adopted by the present invention is a method for growing seedlings of plants grown in a cultivation container having a root-proof sheet detachably attached to the bottom side. A cultivation container into which the seedlings of the plants grown in each container or elsewhere are transferred together with the culture medium is set in the cultivation tank, and the amount of liquid supplied to the cultivation tank is such that the culture medium of the seedling in the cultivation container is immersed in the nutrient solution. It is characterized in that plants are grown while adjusting the liquid level up and down between the water level with the liquid level raised to the bottom and the water level with the liquid level lowered to the bottom of the cultivation tank. .

[0008] A second technical means adopted by the present invention is a cultivation container having a root-preventing sheet removably stretched on the bottom side and a cultivation tank which is detachably provided in the cultivation tank, and which is provided in the cultivation tank. A lid formed with an opening for, and the water level at which the culture medium of the seedlings in the cultivation vessel is immersed in the nutrient solution,
Between the water level lowered to the bottom of the cultivation tank,
And a control mechanism for adjusting the liquid level up and down by controlling the number of times.

The third technical means adopted by the present invention is that the cultivation container is a hollow cylindrical main body, a root-proof sheet stretched on the bottom side of the main body, and the root-proof sheet is externally fitted or It is characterized in that it can be assembled and disassembled by a cylindrical ring fixed by an inner fitting means.

A fourth technical means adopted by the present invention is that a cultivation container is formed integrally with a plurality of main bodies penetrating through a lid of a cultivation tank at a required interval, and a bottom surface of the main body. On the side, the root prevention sheet is detachably extended by an external fitting means or an internal fitting means by a cylindrical ring.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1
Is a cultivation tank, and a lid 2 formed in a plate shape using styrofoam or the like is detachably provided at an upper open portion of the cultivation tank 1. On the upper surface of the lid 2, a protective film is formed by stretching a film or the like on which aluminum is deposited. Openings 4, 4,... That support the bottom of the cultivation container 3 at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the lid 2 and face the cultivation tub 1 are formed.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cultivation container 3 has a main body 3a formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, a root-prevention sheet 5 detachably stretched on the bottom side of the main body 3a, and The root-proof sheet 5 is configured to be freely disassembled and disassembled by a tubular ring 3b for fixing the root-preventing sheet 5 in close contact with an outer fitting means or an inner fitting means.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the cultivation container 3. In this embodiment, a plurality of main bodies 3a are provided on a bottom surface side of the cultivation tub 1 at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the lid 2 thereof. The root prevention sheet 5 is integrally formed in a penetrated state, and the bottom surface side of the main body 3a is detachably stretched by an external fitting means or an internal fitting means by a cylindrical ring 3b. Therefore, when this is used, cultivation preparation can be made more efficient. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the cultivation container 3 has the main body 3a and the cylindrical ring 3b formed of a synthetic resin. In the present embodiment, the cultivation container 3 is formed of hard vinyl chloride. The root-preventing sheet 5 is a member that allows nutrient solution and air to pass through but does not allow plant roots to pass.

Numeral 6 is a nutrient solution tank.
On the liquid supply side, a liquid supply pipe 7 is connected to the inside of the cultivation tank 1 through a lid 2 via a liquid supply pump P, and a drain pipe 8 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 1 with a solenoid valve. Are connected to the nutrient solution tank 6 via a control valve 9. The feed pump P and the control valve 9 are connected to a timer T, respectively.
The liquid supply management such as the interval and the number of liquid supply and drainage and the water level of the nutrient solution can be controlled by the control mechanism 10 constituted by these members.

Next, a method of cultivating a plant with the cultivation apparatus configured as described above will be described. First, as preparation for cultivation, the openings 4, 4,... Formed in the lid 2 of the cultivation tank 1 are prepared.
Then, a cultivation container 3 in which a root-preventing sheet 5 is tightly attached to the bottom side is inserted from the bottom side and placed in the cultivation tank 1, and at this time, the seedlings of the plants grown in the cultivation container 3 are placed together with the container 3. The container 3 in which the seedlings of the plant grown in another place are transferred together with the culture medium may be provided. In this case, if the multiple cultivation containers 3 shown in FIG. 5 are used, cultivation preparation can be efficiently performed, which is convenient. The medium of the seedling of the plant to be cultivated is not limited as long as it can be easily disposed after cultivation.

Next, when the liquid supply pump P is driven to supply the nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank 6 from the liquid supply pipe 7 into the cultivation tank 1, the nutrient solution gradually increases, and the root-proof sheet is increased. 5 penetrates into the culture medium.
As shown in the figure, the upper limit is the water level (full water level) A in which the medium of the seedling in the cultivation container 3 has been raised to a state where it is immersed in the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution in the cultivation tub 1 is returned to the nutrient solution tank 6, and the liquid level is lower than the water level B on the bottom surface of the cultivation container 3, and the bottom surface of the cultivation tub 1 is set as the lower limit. As shown in FIG. In addition, cultivation is performed by controlling the season, the type of plant body, the liquid supply interval, and the number of times.

In this example, tomato was cultivated as a plant to be cultivated on an experimental farm. Generally, young seedlings of tomatoes planted in a medium have excellent rooting ability and actively absorb nutrients and water after planting, so that they grow too well and tend to overgrow, resulting in irregular fruits, hollow fruits, etc. It has been said that there is a fear that bad fruits will occur.

However, according to the liquid supply method of the present invention, the water level at which the liquid level of the seedling medium in the cultivation container 3 has been raised until it is immersed in the nutrient solution, In the range of the water level lowered to
Since only a small amount of medium is required to fill the cultivation container 3, the amount of liquid supply can be limited to a small amount, and the root can be prevented from protruding from the bottom surface of the cultivation container 3 by the root prevention sheet 5, thereby preventing overgrowth. As a result, there were no bad fruits, and the sugar content was increased to obtain good-quality fruits with good taste.

[0019]

As is apparent from the above description, the plant cultivation method and cultivation apparatus according to the present invention have the following remarkable effects. In the cultivation vessels installed at required intervals, the root areas of the plants were individually isolated and restricted for each plant, so that only a small amount of medium was required to be filled in the cultivation vessels. Can be easily carried out and the waste medium can be treated. The cultivation container has a simple structure in which a root-prevention sheet is simply detachably attached to the bottom side of the hollow cylindrical body, and is configured to be disassembled and disassembled. It is possible to surely prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by the contamination of the cultivation tank. As a method of supplying the culture medium, the water level with the liquid level raised until the medium of the seedling in the cultivation container is immersed in the nutrient solution, and the liquid surface is lowered to the bottom of the cultivation tank even lower than the bottom of the cultivation container. Since the method of finely adjusting the liquid supply amount according to the season, the type of the plant body, and the growth stage within the range of the water level is adopted, the growth state of the plant body can be stabilized. In particular, when growing tomato as a plant, a small amount of medium is required to be filled in the cultivation container, so that the amount of liquid supply can be limited to a small amount, thereby preventing overgrowth and obtaining good quality fruits. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the entire cultivation apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an essential part of the same.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a cultivation container.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an assembled state of the same.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cultivation container.

FIG. 7 is a chart illustrating a range of liquid supply.

FIG. 8 is a chart for explaining liquid supply management.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation tank 2 Lid 3 Cultivation container 3a Main body 3b Cylindrical ring 4 Opening 5 Root prevention sheet 6 Nutrient tank 7 Supply pipe 8 Drain pipe 9 Control valve 10 Control mechanism P Supply pump T Timer

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Motoo Matsusaka 667 Iida-cho, Oizumi-cho, Higashi-Izumo-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane 1 F-term in Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (Reference) 2B027 NA10 NC02 NC24 ND20 NE10 QA02 QC38 TA02 TA27 TA30 UA08 UA09 UA13 UA27 UA28 2B314 MA33 MA51 NC06 ND10 ND16 PB03 PB31 PB32 PB44 PB64 PD27

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation vessel in which a seedling of a plant grown in a cultivation container having a root-proof sheet detachably attached to a bottom surface thereof is transferred together with the container, or a cultivation container in which a seedling of a plant grown in another place is transferred together with a culture medium. Installed in the cultivation tank, the water level raised the liquid level until the culture medium of the seedlings in the cultivation vessel is immersed in the nutrient solution, and the water level lowered the liquid level to the bottom of the cultivation tank Between
A plant cultivation method, wherein the plant is cultivated while adjusting the liquid level up and down. 2. A cultivation container having a root-preventing sheet removably stretched on the bottom surface side, and a lid provided detachably in the cultivation tub and having an opening for installing the cultivation container in the cultivation tub. ,
The liquid supply amount to the cultivation tank is controlled by controlling the liquid supply interval and the number of times between the water level at which the culture medium of the seedlings in the cultivation vessel is immersed in the nutrient solution and the water level lowered to the bottom of the cultivation tank. A plant cultivation apparatus, comprising: a control mechanism that adjusts up and down. 3. The cultivation container comprises a hollow cylindrical main body, a root-proof sheet stretched on the bottom side of the main body, and a cylindrical ring for fixing the root-proof sheet by external fitting means or internal fitting means. The plant cultivation method and cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plant cultivation method is configured to be freely disassembled and disassembled. 4. The cultivation container is integrally formed with a plurality of main bodies penetrating through a lid of the cultivation tub at predetermined intervals, and a root ring sheet is formed on the bottom side of the main body by a cylindrical ring. The plant cultivation method and cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant cultivation method is detachably stretched by an external fitting means or an internal fitting means.