CN1098629C

CN1098629C - Method for cultivation of crops

Info

Publication number: CN1098629C
Application number: CN98100626A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王贞良; 王哲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-02-28
Filing date: 1998-02-19
Publication date: 2003-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2018-02-19
Also published as: CN1200234A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new method for cultivating crops. Crops are planted in a solid phase, a gas phase is arranged under the solid phase, and a liquid phase is arranged under the gas phase. Water and nutrition needed by crops are extracted by a sheet or a belt which has the functions of absorption and capillaries transfusion from the liquid phase to the solid phase through the gas phase so as to meet the needs of the crops on growth. The cultivation method is characterized in that crops do not need to be watered for a long time, namely more than 30 days without rotting roots. Crops can be cultivated by seawater by adding a layer of a molecular sieve or a permeable membrane to water absorbing substances on the bottom of the solid phase, wherein the molecular sieve or the permeable membrane can block saline substances and enables water molecules to pass. The cultivation method is suitable for crop cultivation and flower cultivation in deserts, water surfaces, islands, sand-stone leakage land, spacial stereo areas, etc. The cultivation method develops broad cultivation space and has great market perspectives.

Description

The method of a kind of raise crop

One, technical field

The invention belongs to the agriculture cultivation technology field, relate to a kind of crop genetics method.

Two, background technology

As everyone knows, the plantation crops are handled the relation between water, fertilizer, air, the earth well, are vital.Many engineers and technicians have worked out many ways of improving, but also have weak point.As the JP7-147851 that day disclosure special permission communique is announced, introduced by water storing vessel, to the cultivation method that water column, plantation alms bowl and soil constitute, by connecting water and soil earth under the weather of normal humidity, preferably resolve the supply problem of water to water column.But under condition dry or that often rain, the defective of this cultivation system has just come out.At first during dry weather, the soil of this cultivation system and water storing vessel moisture content evaporate in a large number, when the moisture content of the leaf of soil surface and plant volatilization when giving the output of water column, soil will progressively harden, shrink, make root hair of crop and earth capillary to get in touch with the capillary disengaging of giving water column, if frequent trickle, crop will wither even death owing to insufficient water.And when often raining, rainwater is by the fertilizer and the fine earth that will take away in the soil toward dirty that gather of cultivation alms bowl.The utility model CN85204255U that China national Patent Office announces, this cultivation system by non-bottom flower pot, contain the native string bag, absorbent material and water dish and form, though preferably resolve ventilation problem, but run into arid or rainwater for a long time, also there are a large amount of evaporations of moisture or loss clay fertilizer problem, finally have influence on the crop normal growth.Aspect the development water-surface cultivation, just utilize the foamed plastics place mat water surface to plant at present in Beijing, this cultivation method is because the inventor is in Yongxiu, Jiangxi in 1970 five. and seven cadre schools put into practice, know very well it that two big defectives are arranged, the one, fertilizer is easy to directly run off in water body; The 2nd, influence under water fish to the breathing of air and the demand of sunlight.The shortcoming that the comprehensive plantation of crop genetics device at present crop exists mainly is: 1. water, fertilizer, soil, and the mutual relation of air is handled perfect not enough, and particularly for arid or the big area of amount of rainfall, it is more remarkable that lucrative post point is lost in the dehydration that shows; 2. moisture content is under xeothermic weather, and the evaporation waste is big.Capillary water supply effect by Points And lines progressively reduces, and does not satisfy the needs of crop.Just do not realize from supplying water; 3. the living crop of most fresh water all can not be used seawater irrigation, has covered the seawater of ground sphere area 71% and near desert, the desert the close seawater, and current planting type need drop into very big cost and just can be used.To desertization, seepage ground, current planting type seems and is pale and weak; 4. the crop fertilizer loss at water-surface cultivation is big, and influencing under water, fish are difficult to push open to the demand of water quality, air and sunlight.All this kind shortcoming need be found out new cultivation method and be overcome, and could build bigger space for the survival and development of the mankind at the earth.

Three, summary of the invention

1. the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency that will overcome existing crop genetics device, make it not only be suitable for any weather condition and (comprise normal weather, arid climate, the heavy rain area) cultivation under, can also be suitable for cultivating on the land and the water surface, more satisfactory accomplishes: no matter the crop of plantation is in any weather conditions, can both not choose for a long time and water, significantly water saving, joint is fertile, the power of taking things easy, handle water better, soil, gas, fertile relation, the crop genetics device leaves the water surface when water-surface cultivation, make the unlikely loss of applying fertilizer, make the hypogenous fish of the cultivator breathe air that can surface, can also utilize the seawater cultivation, in the limited wide breeding space of earth surface developing.

2. the present invention is in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, its technical scheme is, the crop genetics device is made up of container, collet tool, cultivation matrix and water body, be coated with the capillary water absorption substance layer that stretches in the water on the collet tool, cultivation matrix on the capillary water absorption substance layer and air interface place are placed with interfacial film.

When utilizing the living crop of seawater cultivation fresh water, on the capillary water absorption substance layer, cover the permeable membrane that one deck can intercept the salt of seawater, can allow water pass through again earlier; In the river, when implement in lake, seawater body, by buoyancy aid with dried up of collet tool holder, or the capillary water absorption substance layer is fixed on bottom lock and the collet tool of keeping afloat on; The interfacial film that cultivation matrix and air interface are placed is matrix in the arid area, is convex in the area of heavy rainfull.

When the crop plantation is on fixedly being coated with the capillary water absorption substance layer, because this water absorption substance layer area is big, capillary can not rupture again, in addition the cultivation matrix on it since action of gravity and capillary water absorption substance layer combine closely, just guaranteed that moisture content can evenly distribute by the capillarity of cultivation matrix in the bottom, guaranteed that also the root hair of crop can the direct supply that obtain water in any part of water absorption substance layer.On the capillary water absorption substance layer, cover one deck closely and can allow moisture, just can utilize the living crop of seawater cultivation fresh water by stopping the permeable membrane of seawater salinity again.Because when seawater is sent to the capillary water absorption substance layer by the capillary material, permeable membrane is produced infiltration, the root hair of crop root has huge absorptivity to moisture, moisture in the seawater is spun off absorbed by the root hair.This cultivation method is placed matrix or convex film in cultivation matrix and air interface, is interfacial film, has just stopped the escape of steam, when rainy, but by matrix interfacial film polywater again, again can be hydrophobic by the convex interfacial film.When utilizing seawater or cultivating in the arid area, the interfacial film of selection will have the steam that will stop to turn to the function of water droplet, is absorbed by crop when its residual titration.At water-surface cultivations such as lake, ponds, the collet tool that is coated with the capillary water absorption substance layer directly floats on the surface by the collet tool of the fragmented water surface of buoyancy aid or cultivation, the moisture that plant growth is required, by the capillary absorbent material that extends in the water, the water absorption substance layer that water is promoted on the collet tool is obtained.This cultivation system is in utilizing container enforcement; owing to have end container to finish by one; the container bottom water; the cultivation layer separates with water body; make the crop actual (tube) length on air layer; the cultivation matrix on top and air boundary; the protection of convex or matrix interfacial film is arranged again; but not only polywater but also can be hydrophobic; also can stop the steam of volatilization in the cultivating container; form the entity of liquid phase, gas phase, solid phase (matrix) three-phase in such container, both helped plant growth, also helped reducing water, fertile loss and waste.

3. beneficial effect.Cultivation method of the present invention, both compatible present earth culture, water planting, water and soil have showed the unique benefit of this kind planting type again in conjunction with cultivation and from the advantage of water supply container:

The one, obvious water saving, fertile, energy-conservation, the joint power of joint.At first,, rain or the artificial water of going into not absorbed that drenches, flow into container bottom and store by cultivating soil because capable of storing water in the container resembles a miniature reservoir.Particularly on the island, sandstone ground, arid and desert region be as long as in the sky rain or ice and snow all can store by the polywater effect of this kind cultivator can prevent moisture evaporation again.In general, one, two month with interior be the crop of a growth cycle, the size of regulating the water storage volume adapts with it, no longer trickle.Secondly, owing to base manure and quick-acting fertilizer can be applied simultaneously, trickle or the fertilizer of taking away from solid phase when executing liquid fertilizer are built up by liquid phase, and protecting film is arranged again when rainwater is big, do not have fertilizer loss.If the cultivation in that the water surface carries out because the collet tool by the fragmented water surface of buoyancy aid, does not need trickle again, has diaphragm when rainy, its fertilizer loss is also little.Therefore, according to the needs of Different Crop to fertilizer, the disposable fertilizer that uses sufficient if there is not damage by disease and insect, just can wait harvest.Once more, compare with water culture, fertile special facility of lowering the temperature need not supply water, between the liquid and gas-bearing formation below crop root, it is endothermic process that the steam volatilization is arranged simultaneously, and weather hot water vapor volatile quantity more is just big more, temperature is also relative is lower than surface temperature, this lower temperature is transmitted to whole strain crop from root, helps the growth of crop.Simultaneously by the water sorption of capillary fringe, the contacting of formation face between the root hair that makes cultivation matrix and crop and the capillary water absorption substance layer, it is more guaranteed to obtain moisture content than the point of present confession hydroponics device or line contact.This cultivation method and drip irrigation and spray irrigation etc. are compared, and reduce that facility take, electricity expense, the saving labour.This cultivation method is the disposable receipts of disposable cultivation basically, and the standardization back need not to intertill the fertilising that weeds with a hoe with mechanized.

The 2nd, enlarge the cultivation space, be beneficial to local cultivation such as desert, high and cold ground, sandstone ground, balcony, roof, the indoor water surface.Current desertization tendency is more and more serious, and human existence, development have been subjected to its threat, defeats the desertization slogan that become international.This kind planting type can gather nature water again because self-organizing system prevents the moisture escape, just can make the desert oasis occur by minimum moisture, and this oasis helps improving the weather in the sky, desert again.Make the air of desert region become moistening.This kind planting type because the liquid manure amount of usefulness is few, free from environmental pollution again, household and balcony, roof and sandstone, high and cold the cultivation, is feasible.The cultivator of household cultivation makes transparent, has more sight owing to the cultivation at the water surface can separate with water body, has solved the demand of fish to air, sunlight.Therefore, in the cultivation of this kind of water surface broad development, even will have now the part soil deep-cut for the pond reserve-water-raise-fish also be real at the water surface with this cultivation kind crop again.

The 3rd, utilize the seawater cultivation.The seawater saliferous is many, and osmotic pressure is big.The seawater cultivated species not the dish of fresh water growth, desalinization needs very big input.The current desert region country that lacks fresh water only is deeply aware of one's own helplessness when faced with a great task.Why the present invention can cultivate the fresh water dish with seawater mainly is by covering the permeable membrane on the collet tool water accepting layer and the huge absorbing capacity of crop root, produce osmotic pressure, absorb isolated moisture in the seawater, simultaneously, the rainwater that it falls, be convenient to store in the cultivating container, both can desalinize seawater, it is required also can directly to supply with plant growing.

The 4th, help the cultivation of development space vertical three-dimensional and beautify the environment.This planting type because many crop applied once liquid manure is just much of that, therefore as no damage by disease and insect, is just waited and has been gathered in the crops.So on every layer of cultivation,, be fit to crop, also can carry out the multilayer cultivation to the solar energy needs as long as sunlight distributes rationally.If cultivate on overhead, ground also can be planted suitable conduct or be kept original vegetation, if on the water surface, carry out, but water-bed following also culturing fish and shrimp and other suitable animals, the plantation is the fish farm, also is storage reservoir.Help the flower-grower simultaneously and grow flowers and the landscaping greening, more help often going on business, the neglected plant fan of family plants the flowers and plants melon and fruit, and vegetables and home office's ornamental crops also help park lake surface greening, beautify.

The 5th, help the unification of economic benefit and social benefit.The disposable input ratio soil of this kind cultivation is planted, water and soil wants big in conjunction with cultivation, and is littler than no native factory culture and the investment of drip irrigation and spray irrigation formula.Current white pollution is more and more serious, with a large amount of waste plastics be converted into change ecological, for the mankind provide the cultivator of food source, be relevant.Simultaneously, this cultivation at first is used for the place densely populated, that the per capita cultivated land is few; Be used for desert and seawater arranged and the place of scarce fresh water, be used for places such as island, sandstone area, room afforestation project, both transformed environment, created wealth again.Pollution-free substantially to water quality.From theoretical practice with us, the yield per unit area quality of the crops gained of its growth is than other height, because the fertilizer, the particularly trace element of being executed executed do not run off, the fruit that cultivates more helps health.Can accomplish really that also nature supplies water, for a long time without trickle.

In sum, this kind cultivation method has fine development prospect beyond doubt, and it is human basic necessities of life source and sustainable development plant husbandry, has opened up bigger space; For utilizing seawater, the development water-saving agriculture, is afforested and beautified environment at modifying desert, and fully reasonable use sunlight provides unique effective and efficient manner.The inventor utilizes this method, has successfully planted out orchid, tomato, crops such as three-coloured amaranth romaine lettuce.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cultivating container generalized section.

The cultivating container generalized section that Fig. 2 props for surface floating body.

The cultivating container generalized section of Fig. 3 for directly keeping afloat.

Five, embodiment

The present invention so realizes: the requirement according to cultivation chooses shape, and size and the material with certain degree of hardness are done the collet tool, fixingly on the collet tool covers one deck capillary water absorption substance layer and can stretch in the water.During with seawater or the cultivation of one-tenth misery, on capillary water accepting layer material, cover one deck permeable membrane (molecular sieve) again, as stopping salt, oozing out moisture usefulness.Cover the both sheets of fibres of capillary water absorption substance layer on the collet tool, also be sprayed on the material that has water absorbing capacity on the collet tool.When the collet tool adopted the spraying water absorption substance layer, the chamber wall height that adapts with it to container bottom also sprayed it, in order to moisture absorption, transmission.Be placed on the cultivation matrix that is coated with on the capillary water absorption substance layer collet tool, also claim the cultivation material, both single earth is artificial soil also, or the mixture of earth and fertilizer, water absorbing agent, growth regulator.The collet tool both can have been made flat, also can make container type, but both perforates in the above also can seal, specifically, the present invention can realize it by approach such as container method, water surface method, seawater methods.

1. container method: as Fig. 1, produce protruding hollow cone (or cylinder) 10 in container 7 bottoms, open some holes 8 in 10 side, top, this hole communicates with atmosphere.On circular cone top, fix a collet tool 2 and perforates 5, be close to one deck capillary water absorption substance layer 3 on the collet tool and be connected with water.This capillary water absorption substance layer is sheets of fibres both, is sprayed on also that having on chamber wall and the collet tool face absorbs and other materials of diffusion moisture ability.Between collet tool and liquid level, form a gas-bearing formation 6.On the collet tool, put into the solid material that contains certain fertilizer 4 of the proper thickness that can plant crop, be close to solid material and atmosphere interface and place a film 9.When the plantation crop, earlier water or nutrient solution 1 are poured into container, to there be capillary thin layer such as water-absorption fiber cloth to cover on the collet tool then, again material collet tool is fixed, the absorptive capillary fiber cloth of tool is immersed (, just do not need fiber cloth) in the water and on the collet tool, put into suitable thickness through handling and drenched cultivation material as having sprayed water accepting layer on chamber wall and the collet tool.Put into required fertilizer of plant growth cycle (quick-acting fertilizer, base manure, trace element, growth regulator) in these cultivation materials, place a film at cultivation material and air interface place again, film is exposed, plant, drench normal root water and put into certain nutrient solution and get final product into crop.The quick-acting fertilizer of putting should be a slowly-releasing.In the desert, in arid and area short of rain, the material of cultivation is close to film in the above should be the nick type with the atmosphere interface, and the rainwater that descends can be concentrated and infiltrate material and flow into containers store.And the many areas of rainwater should be the dimpling types, anti-excessive rainfall, the fertilizer in the cultivation material poured storage water after, again outside the overflow container.As breeding fish storing water, on the collet tool, plant ornamental crops, then long-pending container sustained height plane, the shared plane of collet tool is little, with conveniently feed intake and air more unobstructed.

The shape of the cultivating container that the present invention adopts can be square, cylindrical, rectangle, rhombus, animal shape etc.; The material of the container of making has waste or used plastics, potter's clay, cement, bamboo wood, metal and other fibres, glass etc., as long as salt tolerant corrosion, non-leakage water, does not pollute crop, and harmless, what material can.Also can undermine or the sandstone base adds that impervious barrier makees container.Cultivating container is changeable.Suiting measures to local conditions, convenient effective, sight is strong, comparable cost is low etc., and principle is considered.Little like duckweed, float on the water surface; Big as if huge cylinder, as for the hall, all outstanding can not.On the collet tool, can place porous-stone, plant ornamental plant again, within water container, also can breed fish.Container is made transparent, very strong ornamental value is just arranged.

2. water surface method: (1) is as Fig. 2, with water body 1 as the required water source of plant growth, with plastics, bamboo wood or other materials are made container-like collet tool 7, its bottom is covered with ventilation hole 5, prop 7 with buoyancy aid or other supporters 11, make between its bottom and the water surface an appropriate gas-bearing formation 6 is arranged, be coated with the fibrous matter 3 of the tool capillary absorption that is connected with water body on the collet tool, on this, be placed with the light granular material that to plant crop and slow release fertilizer as cultivation matrix 4, be dimpling shape with the material of atmosphere interface and be close to a film 9, meet rain or stormy waves, loam is difficult for loss.Plant is down planted by this film, its root is obtained fertilizer and carried up by absorbent material in material moisture.(2) as Fig. 3, with the water source of water body 1 as the plant growth absorption, the collet tool makes the container 7 of bottom sealing, after putting into the required material 4 of cultivation, the collet tool can keep afloat, and its bottom does not have the hole, and its required moisture obtains by material with capillary absorption such as the fiber cloth 3 that is connected with water body with oxygen.Cover one deck interfacial film 9 at cultivation matrix and air intersection, anti-rainwater washes away.

3. cultivate with seawater: for can not when cultivating, must on the capillary water absorption substance layer, covering one deck permeable membrane (molecular sieve) closely directly with the living crop of fresh water of seawater cultivation with the collet tool.When seawater being promoted to the capillary water absorption substance layer that covers on the collet tool owing to capillarity, stop with regard to the osmotic membrane that is coated over above this layer, because the root of the crop hair is to the absorptivity of moisture, make and produce immense pressure poor (osmotic pressure) between the seawater of being isolated and root by molecular sieve, moisture is separated by molecular sieve from seawater, by plant absorbing.

Claims

1. the method for a raise crop, the crop genetics device is made up of container, collet tool, cultivation matrix and water body, its technical characterictic is, is coated with the capillary water absorption substance layer that stretches in the water on the collet tool, and cultivation matrix on the capillary water absorption substance layer and air interface place are placed with interfacial film.

2. according to the described method of claim 1, its technical characterictic is when utilizing the living crop of seawater cultivation fresh water, to cover the permeable membrane that one deck can intercept the salt of seawater, can allow water pass through again earlier on the capillary water absorption substance layer.

3. according to the described method of claim 1, its technical characterictic is, in the river, the lake, when the seawater body is implemented, by buoyancy aid with dried up of collet tool holder, or the capillary water absorption substance layer is fixed on bottom lock and the collet tool of keeping afloat on.

4. according to the described method of claim 1, its technical characterictic is that the interfacial film that cultivation matrix and air interface are placed is matrix in the arid area, is convex in the area of heavy rainfull.